Due to its practically unique performance qualities, copper is today one of the most popular materials used for the installation of communication systems. Especially often it is found in private houses, where water supply systems and heating are performed precisely from copper pipesThe compound of which is carried out with each other with the help of various methods.
One of the main reasons for use in copper communication systems is the outstanding stability of this material to high temperatures and high pressure From the pipe circulating medium. For example, calculations show that in the case of installation of a single-tube heating system, if desired, to obtain the temperature of the water in the radiator 70 degrees, it should be at the input no less than 120 degrees. Many modern materials At this temperature simply not designed. As an example, here you can bring so popular plastic (or polymer) pipes today. They are easy, they are not too expensive (especially in comparison with copper), do not cause difficulties when installing and look quite aesthetic. But now the maximum temperature on which they are calculated is 95 degrees Celsius. At a higher temperature of the pipe just begin to melt. At the same time, copper easily maintains temperatures up to 300 degrees.
When operating a household pipeline, there may be an inverse situation - freezing of water in the pipes. The absolute majority of materials do not withstand the linear expansion of frozen water and are destroyed - gaps or cracks appear on pipes from polymer, cast iron or steel. Copper is superbly coping with this problem due to its plasticity.
In general, copper pipes are universal elements. They can be applied not only in water supply systems or heating. Often, specialized pipelines are mounted on refrigerators or air conditioners. Due to the gas-tightness of copper, they are used for the installation of gas pipelines, both domestic and industrial. In addition, the copper pipes for wiring were quite common with a fairly common phenomenon, which allow you to reliably protect all its "intricacies" from mechanical and other damage.
To connect copper pipes into a single system, various techniques and additional details are used. The choice of a specific method depends on the features of the pipeline, and on its purpose, and from its location, and even from national traditions. As for the last item, today in Europe, where pipelines from copper are used most often, there are two traditional approaches to their installation:
All existing types of copper pipes today can be divided into 2 categories:
Dear connections - This is a design, to disassemble that, without destroying its individual components, it is impossible. These include:
Soldering or welding can be infinitive. Also used factory connectors for copper pipes (a variety of fittings). Special press fittings are needed for pressing, which are supplied with crimping sleeves.
All types of permanent compound can be used when installing water supply systems, gas supply and heating.
Note! When installing water pipes and heat supply systems for small and medium diameter pipes, low-temperature soldering is most often used, and welding for large diameter pipes. When the "warm floors" is the most common reception - pressing. If you want to connect copper with steel, then soldering or welding usually applies depending on the diameter of the pipes (solder - bronze). But when installing the gas pipeline requires high-temperature soldering.
Connect connection - This is a collapsible design. It turns out with different types Fittings:
In addition, in this case, the flange can be used - the connector for copper pipes of large and medium sections. In case of emergency repair of the pipeline for connecting pipes of the same diameter, a coupling can be temporarily used.
Most often, a variety of fittings and connectors are used to connect to a pipeline of various equipment consuming devices or fittings. The convenience of such compounds is that they can be easily disassembled if necessary (for example, if the repair of the pipeline or replacing the equipment connected to it). They are very reliable and do not require great qualifications from the installer. In addition, for installation you need a minimum of special tools - most works are literally manually.
But at the same time detachable connections need periodic examination and serving activities. They are weakened by the temperature and pressure drops in the system, and the sealing elements are wearing over time. That is why it is necessary to have them in such a way that access to them during the operation of the pipeline has been opened at any time.
Note! For copper pipes it is forbidden to damage. Therefore, special transition fittings are used to connect copper with threaded elements of the system. Such parts on one side have a fool for connecting to a pipe or crimping pipe, and on the other hand, the thread.
Whatever connection type is selected when installing the copper pipeline, you should know that it does not reduce the mechanical strength of the system anyway. On the contrary, any of the compounds except welding increases the thickness of the system walls, and therefore this place of the pipeline is even more durable than the pipe itself. As for the welded joint, it is (initially softer due to the characteristics of the process) becomes more stronger with time.
Before connecting the pipes with each other, they must be prepared. Preparation includes several stages.
To perform this stage, it is best to resort to the help of the pipeline. The whole process of using this tool is extremely simple. It is necessary to wear pipe cutting to that end of the pipe where it is necessary to make a cut, promoting it to the place marked for cut. After that, it is necessary to tightly tighten the clamp (screw) tool and start rotating the cutter around the pipe. The screw will be delayed, as a result of which the pipe will be cut in the location of the cutter.
Note! The use of pipebored allows you to make an accurate perpendicular incision. But in the process of cutting the pipe, it is not necessary to apply excessive efforts - it can minimize the end of the copper product. It is better to make a couple of extra revolutions of the pipeline.
Of course, everyone knows about the plasticity of copper and that it is possible to cut it with ordinary hacksaw. But to achieve good quality Such a cut and its perpendicularity is quite difficult. When the wheelchair is working too uneven and require additional processing. True, in the event that there is no special tool at hand, the hacksaw turns out to be the only way to adjust the pipe under the desired length. But then special attention should be paid on the edges.
After cutting on the edge of the pipe in any case, burrs and irregularities will remain. Before composing, you need to get rid of these defects. To do this, use a feet or file of the rounded form.
The outer surface of the edge should also be cleaned, removing the oxide film and contamination from it. This operation is performed using fine-grained skin. In addition, the inner surface of the edge should be cleared before the connection. For these purposes, special napkins or brushes will be suitable.
Note! Stripping the edges should be performed until its surface becomes shiny. But at the same time, it should not be too much zeal, since the chance is great to remove too much copper layer. In this case, when performing a connection with soldering or welding, difficulties may occur.
One of the most common ways to connect copper pipes is a capillary soldering. To carry out special fittings, helping the shipment to distribute in the place of receipt of the seam is extremely evenly regardless of which the pipe itself is located. Great importance right choice Fitting diameter - it should be larger than the diameter of the pipe by 0.1-0.15 mm.
To perform a capillary soldering to the end of the pipe, you will need to apply flux. This is a special composition that melted, dissolves the oxide film existing on the pipe. In addition, it perfectly protects copper from oxidation, which inevitably occurs when it is heated.
Note! Flux is a composition with high chemical activity, which means that it can interact with the metal that is applied. Therefore, when it is used, it is necessary to be attentive and not to use the flux is more than required. It is best to take advantage of the tassel, causing a flux solely on the part of the pipe that will be placed inside the fitting. And this should be done immediately before the soldering. After that, immediately insert the end of the pipe into the fitting until it stops, turning it around the axis of the pipe - this is required in order for the flux "lay down" as uniform as possible. If at the same time some kind of flux will be on the outer surface of the pipe, it must be removed immediately.
After the pipe is inserted into the fitting, the connection site must be heated. Heating should be uniform throughout the connection circumference. For this, an open flame can be used - for example, a gas burner with two nozzles. Often applied and more safe method - industrial dryer. It is possible to determine the degree of warm-up using a flux or solder used. In the event that the flux is used, which includes tin, the achievement of silver drops appeared for the temperature solder will be indicated. If another type of flux is used, then it is possible to understand whether the connection is heated to the required temperature, by attaching the edge of the solder. If the solder immediately begins to melt, it means that it can be entered into the gap between the pipe and the fitting. At the same time, the solder's rod can be carried out both to the right left, and from left to right - in any case will fill the clearance and securely connect the parts with each other.
The number of necessary solders is determined very simply - by the diameter of the pipe. To do this, before the start of the soldering, you can wrap the pipe with a wire, which will perform the role of solder, and cut off a piece of the required length from it.
Note! There are fittings for the capillary soldering, inside which is already available in the desired quantity. Working with such fittings is reduced to heating the connection location to the temperature when the solder becomes melting. Add an additional solder in this case is not required.
After executing the soldering, the compound must be cooled in natural conditions. At this time it should not be subject to any mechanical effects. Only after full frosting of the solder can continue the process of mounting the pipeline.
In a similar way, other connections are performed in the process of installing the water supply system or heat supply at home. After the entire system is mounted, it must be rinsed. hot water - It will help remove from the inside of the pipes of the flux residues. If this is not done, then the composition remaining on the surface can lead to corrosion of copper elements. From the outer part of the pipeline, you should also explore all the locations of the compounds and, if there are the remaining flux or solder on them, clean them with a wet cloth.
Often, when installing a private copper water supply, sewage system or heat supply system, it becomes necessary to use elements made from other materials. In this case, it should be remembered that in no case cannot be allowed direct contact with copper and galvanized steel due to the electrochemical processes arising from this. As a result of such contact, corrosion processes on the surface surfaces are developing at an accelerated pace, and it is destroyed. In order to avoid this, between the copper and steel section of the pipeline, it is necessary to place the fitting from brass. In addition, it is very important that the details of galvanized steel in the pipeline are located before copper - that is, the water circulating water first passed the steel plot, and then went to the copper. But the copper contact with plastic, brass or acid-resistant steel from this point of view is safe and does not affect the service life of the pipeline.
Even with the fact that the polymer pipes are still applied more and more, metal products still enjoy considerable success. As a rule, copper, brass and steel are used as metal. For the better in terms of corrosion resistance and high temperatures, copper differs. Actually, about connecting copper pipes, and it will be discussed in this article.
Even despite the fact that the copper pipes differ in their high cost, given all the characteristics of the material, their use is pretty justified.
First of all, before connecting copper pipes, it is necessary to determine how to connect them, by the soldering or in other way.
Consider the compound of copper tubes with fittings with a subsequent soldering, which is low and high-temperature. With the first method, the soldering is carried out at a temperature of 300 ºC. The second method is used in the arrangement of systems with high loads for industrial purposes.
Couplings protrude as connectors for copper pipes, additionally need tin-lead solder and flux.
The pipe soldering technology will be as follows:
It is worth noting that, despite the fact that the connection of the pipes by the soldering is considered the most reliable method in most cases, there are still situations when it does not seem to be used in this way. In such cases, you can resort to the connection of copper tubes without soldering. Special fittings will be required that will provide reliable connection Thanks to the clamping effect, which is formed during a threaded connection.
In this case, the compound is produced in such a sequence:
Usually such fittings are equipped with a detailed instruction, which must be adhered to, otherwise the work performed will be poor-quality.
It is worth noting that before connecting the copper tubes without soldering, it is worth aware of all the risks, as it is quite difficult to get a high-quality connection. The minimum battles of the connected parts are not allowed in general, otherwise the technology is rudely broken. In order for the threaded connection to be extremely sealed, it is desirable to additionally compact with special threads. It should be monitored so that they do not find themselves from the inside of the pipe, since later water may not pass according to the system properly.
With any type of connection, the list of work will look like this:
In complete, it will not be superfluous to note that the connection of pipes from copper is technologically in the process of medium complexity. If you played these works for the first time, then you need to be prepared for the fact that some nuances may arise. To understand the process, and getting about it as much as possible, it will not be superfluous to get advice from professional workers, or at least familiar with the available video.
The method is based on the capillary lifting of the liquid (molten solder) along the thinnest gap between the walls of the pipes. There are two types of brazing of copper pipes: low- and high-temperature soldering. The difference in soldering mainly depends on the melting point of the solder. For high-temperature packs, refractory rod solders are used, for low-temperature - soft solders, rolled in coves. Accordingly, for heating pipes with high-temperature soldering, acetylene and propane burners are used, for low-temperature sometimes enough fire from a soldering lamp. High-temperature soldering can be used for all types of copper wiring, including solar heating collectors, where pipes can be heated to 250 ° C, low-temperature soldering is more demanding on the heating temperatures of pipes, nevertheless, it is successfully used in hot water and heating systems. There are no constructive differences in these types of soldering, however, the high-temperature solder is often used with pipelines of pipes, and low-temperature - on pipe connections fittings with the shown in them, although it is possible.
For mounting copper pipelines, three types of pipes are used: soft (R 220), semi-solid (R 250) and solid (R 290). As a hardness parameter (rigidity), a tensile strength is proposed in MPa (H / mm²). Soft pipes are sold rolled into bays, semi-solid and solid - straight rods. The fundamental difference in these types of pipes is the pressure of the transported medium that can withstand pipes. The greatest pressure is maintained solid pipes (290 N / mm²), the lowest is soft (220 N / mm²). The pressure that is created in the apartment and even cottage pipelines will continue to withstand any of these pipes. And if you need to build a steam boiler room or minibery, then you cannot do without calculating and drawing up the project, but this is another topic.
With a ventilatory solder (Fig. 36), soft, semi-solid or solid copper pipes with a pre-annealed end are used. One of the ends of the pipe, the expendler is attached to the form of a raster, similar to the crop sewer pipeThe end of another pipe will be inserted into it. It must be remembered that when the ends of the solid tubes are annealing, you let go of the metal and the pipe at the connection site purchases the properties of a soft tube. This circumstance must be taken into account when designing a pipeline on pressure criteria.
For the manufacture of the termination, only those heads that are intended for this pipe diameter are needed on the expander, then the diameter of the termination will automatically turn out to be slightly larger than the external diameter of the pipe. Usually the gap between the internal walls of the termination and external walls The pipe inserted into the socket is approximately 0.2 mm. Such a gap provides "retracting" of the molten solder and the uniform distribution throughout the entire inner surface of the termination at any position of the pipe. In other words, the pipe soldering can be done in any position, even the socket down, the capillary gap between the pipes is still "sucking" into itself molten solder, which is evenly distributed at the place of the soldering. The use of the "correct" expander head is 80% of the soldering success - the gap between the pipes and the depth of the socket is set by this tool.
Today, pipe manufacturers produce ready-made fittings and couplings that have already been made (Fig. 37). The use of such parts makes pipeline more expensive, but it completely eliminates the "human factor" present at independent manufacture Razbab Espander.
Pipes at the place of the solder are covered with flux (Fig. 38), which will perform the role of lubrication for solder and "drevilles" (metal cleansing) for copper. With a high-temperature solder with silver solders or bronze as a flux use a boor. It is mixed with water before receiving a viscous casher. Flux is applied without surplus only on the pipe belt, which will be articulated with fitting or socket, and not inside the fitting or socket. After applying the flux, it is recommended to immediately cross the parts to exclude the falling on the wet surface of foreign particles. If for some reason the soldering will occur a little later, then it is better to wait for this moment to wait for this moment in the articulated form. It is recommended to turn the pipe in the fitting or termination, or, on the contrary, the fitting around the axis of the pipe in order to make sure that the flux is evenly distributed in the assembly gap and feel that the pipe reached the stop. Then it is necessary to remove the apparent flux residues from the outer surface of the pipe.
For soldering of copper pipes, solder rods with a diameter of 3 mm made of copper and silver alloys or bronze. After making the termination, either when using the finished fitting with the pipe, the pipes are inserted into each other. The connection site from all sides is heated by propane or acetylene burner. Heating is carried out until the solder rod fenced and pressed to the squabble does not begin melting. With the acquisition of experience, the heating time of pipes is determined by changing the color of the pipe - until the "red glow" is reached. Threaded fittings for connecting them to other pipelines or to plumbing devices are made of bronze and brass and require longer heating when soldered. To determine the carriage consumption, one compound is usually used in the following way: the solder rods are flexed in the form of the letter r, making a bend slightly larger than the terminal diameter. As soon as the place of the soldering is heated to the desired temperature, the solder is pressed against the gap between the fool and the pipe inserted into it and lead them around the pipe without stopping the compound heating. Solder melts and cries in the gap. You need to cry into the gap all the bent end of the solder, not more and no less. Increased solder consumption leads to the fact that it can flow through the slit and plunge the inner cross section of pipes. Reducing the solder consumption leads to unappropriate compound.
When soldering pipes, it is necessary to comply with elementary safety measures to work with open fire. It is necessary to work in tarpaulin mittens, better together with an assistant, hold pipes to be removed from the heating site. When working alone for temporary fastening of pipes, use clamps.
After cooling, the node is ready for operation - this is the most reliable connection of copper pipes and quite simple. The experience of soldering copper pipes comes quickly, and for those who already own gas welding technique, is understandable immediately. True, it is necessary for gas welding equipment to heat pipes. Sometimes (for soldering connections of small diameters) you can use hot air in power construction fabricUsing a nozzle limiting the hot air cone, in order to quickly achieve heating. Another method of heating without flames are electrocontact devices. Externally, they resemble large mites with replaceable copper heads to cover pipes of different diameters.
At the end of the soldering of the node, or the entire pipeline it is necessary to rinse it to free the internal cavities from the flux residues. As already mentioned, the flux works not only by the solder lubricant, but also with the cutting for copper, that is, in essence it is an aggressive oxidizer. And if so, then he has nothing to do inside the pipes, it is necessary to remove water from there. From the outer surface of the pipes, the flowing flux is removed by the rag.
Soldering pipelines Online not allowed. If you need to connect the details of the jack, then do not produce pipes, but welding. In principle, almost the same operations are made as with high-temperature soldering, except that the use of flux is not required, and the heating of pipes and fittings increases to the melting point of the metal.
For low-temperature discs, fittings are used with the shown in them. Externally, these are the same fittings for the fusey soldering, but on the surface of the crop the subsidence (Fig. 39) was squeezed, inside which manufacturers flooded the solder at the stage of manufacture of fittings. The fitting can be flooded both refractory and light-melting solder, thanks to which both types of soldering can be performed. However, most often, the fittings are flooded in fittings, so the compounds on such fittings are classified as low-temperature packs.
The technology of compounding copper pipes on fittings with the clamping solder is even easier than on ordinary fittings. Pipes and fittings are processed in the same way as described above. Then tubes are inserted into fittings or couplings. Fittings are heated by the fire of the soldering lamp or the hot air of the construction dryer, the solder, laid in fittings, is melted and spreads along the squabble, soldering parts (Fig. 40). That's all the technology: stuck the parts stripped and processed by flux in each other, warmed the knot to the solder lamp and gave cooling.
The connection of copper pipes on a low-temperature soldering can be used for all types of house tube wiring, with the exception of pipelines with high temperatures (about 150-250 ° C), which in ordinary house can not be.
Pipe connection with soldering
Sealed docking copper pipes without soldering
Mandatory compound rules
Even with the fact that the polymer pipes are still applied more and more, metal products still enjoy considerable success. As a rule, copper, brass and steel are used as metal. For the better in terms of corrosion resistance and high temperatures, copper differs. Actually, about connecting copper pipes, and it will be discussed in this article.
Even despite the fact that the copper pipes differ in their high cost, given all the characteristics of the material, their use is pretty justified.
First of all, before connecting copper pipes, it is necessary to determine how to connect them, by the soldering or in other way.
Consider the compound of copper tubes with fittings with a subsequent soldering, which is low and high-temperature. With the first method, the soldering is carried out at a temperature of 300 ºC. The second method is used in the arrangement of systems with high loads for industrial purposes.
Couplings protrude as connectors for copper pipes, additionally need tin-lead solder and flux.
The pipe soldering technology will be as follows:
This process should be accurately carried out, taking into account the size of the available fittings.
It is worth noting that, despite the fact that the connection of the pipes by the soldering is considered the most reliable method in most cases, there are still situations when it does not seem to be used in this way. In such cases, you can resort to the connection of copper tubes without soldering. Special fittings will be required, which will ensure a reliable connection due to the clamping effect, which is formed during the threaded connection.
In this case, the compound is produced in such a sequence:
Usually such fittings are equipped with a detailed instruction, which must be adhered to, otherwise the work performed will be poor-quality.
It is worth noting that before connecting the copper tubes without soldering, it is worth aware of all the risks, as it is quite difficult to get a high-quality connection. The minimum battles of the connected parts are not allowed in general, otherwise the technology is rudely broken. In order for the threaded connection to be extremely sealed, it is desirable to additionally compact with special threads. It should be monitored so that they do not find themselves from the inside of the pipe, since later water may not pass according to the system properly.
With any type of connection, the list of work will look like this:
You can, of course, use a simple soldering lamp, but in this case you need to be prepared that the joint is overheat, and the entire workflow is somewhat complicated.
In complete, it will not be superfluous to note that the connection of pipes from copper is technologically in the process of medium complexity. If you played these works for the first time, then you need to be prepared for the fact that some nuances may arise. To understand the process, and getting about it as much as possible, it will not be superfluous to get advice from professional workers, or at least familiar with the available video.
There are many methods, how to combine copper pipes into a single pipeline system. The market provides a huge number of fittings, soldering, fluxes, fasteners that allow you to create detachable and deline, served and maintenanceable connections.
Working with copper pipes consists of:
Methods for connecting copper pipes:
To connect copper products using soldering On the cleaned surface, you should apply flux and immediately connect the details. The connections node evenly warm the gas burner (soldering lamp, soldering iron) to the moment when the flux begins to change the color, and the solder melts. The burner fire is assigned, the solder fills the gap between the elements.
So that the amount of solder is optimal, experts offer a simple landmark - the length of the solder rod must be equal to the diameter of the pipe. You can cut the rod with the required length before soldering. If one of the elements is the fitting, processed by the solder already at the factory, it is not necessary to add it.
After filling the gap, the screw is necessary to take the time for cooling, without exposing the node to mechanically influences. When the solder completely froze, you need to remove all the remains of the solder and flux with a damp cloth.
After the entire system is mounted, it should be washed with hot water. Flux contributes to corrosion, so its presence on the inner surface is undesirable.
The connection without soldering is made using fittings that are divided into two large groups - straight (connection of the same element diameter) and transitional (connection of different elements diameter). Diameters can be from 8 to 100 millimeters.
Based on the configuration, the fitting (connector) for copper pipes is called:
Based on the method, the connection of copper pipes fittings can be:
Conventional tools are suitable for mounting;
When installing a pipeline from copper, it is important to know not only how to connect copper pipes, but perform several additional conditions:
Elements of fastening
For the final installation of any pipeline requires mounting for copper pipes
For household pipelines are used:
It is quite obvious that for each system it is necessary to select its installation and mounting methods. Only when choosing high-quality materials and proper montage The pipeline will be reliable and durable.
In the market of modern communication systems, plastic and stainless steel products are most popular. They are widely used to create water supply, sewage and heating pipelines. However, copper communications, despite the high cost, also firmly occupied their niche. They are less susceptible to corrosion (unlike steel), reliable compared to plastic, to create durable pipelines that will work for more than a dozen years.
How to choose copper pipes for the arrangement of the heating system or water supply in the house, and how to carry out the installation of copper pipes with your own hands, we describe in our article.
The indisputable and most important advantages of copper communications are:
The most important question is how to choose copper pipes so that they have been fulfilled their destination for a long time without additional service and repair activities.
When choosing copper communications, a number of factors should be considered:
One of the main parameters - the diameter of copper pipes, on which the technical 
pipeline characteristics and selection of fittings for mounting. Products of the two most common sizes are used to build household pipelines
When creating larger systems, large-sized products can be used.
The distinction of copper pipes from steel analogs is that even with such a small thickness, the working pressure of products from copper is much higher.
Installation of copper pipes and the connection of individual elements of the copper pipeline can be made using threaded couplings using a press of fitting, as well as a soldering copper parts when using a gas burner.
The first two ways are the most simple and should not cause difficulties, even when independent installation communications. Soldering of products from copper is carried out only by specialists who have experience and a special tool. However, it is the most reliable, durable and durable type of combination of copper products.
The following tools may be needed to arrange the copper pipeline:
Calibrator for copper pipes
Consider in detail each connection of copper pipes.
To connect the products with a threaded way, the following procedure is styled.
Cut the pipe of the required size. Calibrate, and if necessary, you can unravel the cutting pipe depending on the type of fitting used. Clean the ends of the combined products from sizes and dust and make a small chamfer for a better connection with a clutch.
If there is no polymer gasket in the fitting, then it is necessary to wind the product with a special winding ribbon, which will improve the sealing of the compound.
Wear a fastening nut on the pipe.
Install the crimp ring having a cone shape to create a reliable connection of the entire structure. Insert the cutting of the product in the fitting and tighten the screw connection using a conventional wrench
A more vividly all installation process can be seen in the video below:
Installing copper pipes using the press fitting will not cause any difficulties. Product sections are prepared in the same way. The ends of the pipes that need to be connected are inserted into the clamping fitting, within which the gasket is located, and the material is squeezed using the clamp.
This will require special ticks that wrap the product throughout the circumference.Ordinary Passatias will not fit, as they capture only certain areas of the connection.
This method and threaded connection of copper pipes are the most simple and convenient. Anyone, even a beginner assembly of communications systems can quickly perform this work. However, they are intended for a pipeline with a slight water pressure. To perform taps, turns and traversal obstacles when laying pipes, there are special elements made of the same metal.
The highest quality and reliable installation - copper pipes are connected by the soldering method.
Products must be prepared and cleaned from outsided metal particles and dust.
If an insulating layer of the polymer is located on the copper pipe, then it must be removed at a distance of 15-20 centimeters from the product cut.
The surface of copper is susceptible to oxidation in the open air, therefore, a layer of metal oxide is formed on top, which can prevent high-quality spike elements. It is cleaned by a mechanical way with shallow emery paper.
After processing the cutting of the product, it is necessary to wipe the spike place to remove sawdust and dust. Then the purified surface should be treated with a flux, which is a solution of sulfuric acid and other substances that contribute to the best adhesion of metals.
It will not be superfluous and the suspension of the pipe, which is subject to soldering. For this 
It must be heated and apply a thin layer of molten solder. To mount pipes from copper, it is extremely important.
The end of the product prepared in this way should be inserted into the fitting with a small gap, into which the solder will go melted solder. Next, you should heat the place of soldering with a gas torch or a powerful soldering iron.
However, it should be noted that too high the temperature can harm the connection, since the solder will roll down.
Before soldering, it is necessary to firmly fasten the connection location, because even a small vibration can disrupt the quality of the connection.
At the final stage of laying copper pipes should be in the gap between the product and the fitting insert the solder, which is similar to the usual wire, and melted it. After cooling, the connection is ready to work.
I would like to pay attention to the fact that the process of cooling the place of the soldering should occur gradually naturally. Procedure S. cold water Or a damp cloth, as with electrical welding, in this case it is strictly prohibited. Otherwise, the solder will crumble, and the connection will have to redo.
After the installation is completed - the copper pipes are installed in the pipeline in compliance with all rules, it is necessary to test the performance of the entire system by short-term water supply. During the test, it is necessary to carefully inspect all connections of pipes and connectivity to plumbing devices. For your calm you need to supply water with a pressure of a little more working value. If the pipeline is withstanding this test, then it can be safely connected to the operating mode.
Copper components for mounting pipelines are not inferior to analogs from other materials, and in durability and resistance to temperatures - even ahead. However, the reliability and functionality of communications from copper completely depends on the quality of the connection nodes.
Fittings and pipes from high-quality copper are not inferior on the technical qualities of components for pipelines from other popular materials. Unlike iron-based alloys, copper does not rust. In addition, it is not afraid of ultraviolet, extremely low and high temperatureswhereas for polymeric compounds are equally disadvantaged sunlight, frost and a strong heat. Copper pipes weigh little, simple in transportation, storage and installation.
All these positive qualities allow pipe products from copper to maintain popularity as components for mounting systems:
Since copper components are used in areas where even the slightest leaks are unacceptable, high demands are presented to nodes of copper pipelines. When connecting pipes, it is important to ensure not only the maximum reliability and tightness, but also prevent chemical processes that will negatively affect the composition of the working medium and the state of the pipeline.
To mount the pipeline, you can use the shaped elements from different materials:
Note! To conjugate pipes from copper, it is impossible to use fittings from black steel, even if it is chromed or galvanized. With unalloyed steel copper reacts, as a result of which the shaped element can collapse.
All connecting fittings It is divided into several types of functions performed:
Communications from copper are rare today, but an exceptionally reliable option for water supply and the heating of a private house. The earliest opinion on the difficulties of installing copper pipelines is not in practice absolutely. Self-soldering copper pipes is available for non-professional, if he knows the process technology and owns tools. Slide the subtleties of the connection of copper pipes, collect your personal plumbing and you will no longer have to ever do communications.
Copper pipes are good because they are not subject to corrosion, have a service life for more than half a century, soft enough, so as not to be afraid of moving the water in them. Copper - the material is perfectly smooth, it prevents education in the pipes in the pipes, moreover, the material has bactericidal properties.
Note! The composition of the copper tubular material for home communications should be 99% pure copper. Alloys with "additives" form poorly soluble oxides on the surface, which prevents high-quality soldering.
Distinguish two varieties of copper pipes, depending on the method of their manufacture:
These pipes may have the same composition, but they differ sharply in physical properties.
The hot tubes are an elastic pipe material. The degree of flexibility can be judged by the fact that they sell them in bays, wound like a hose. The flexibility of the flexible pipes is a big plus when mounting. Of these, you can form different configurations without using additional details. This gives material savings on fittings and consumables. Reduces labor costs, a smaller number of connections are used.
And although these pipes are considered less strong than unnecessary, their safety stock is quite enough for communications in individual houses.
Non-raised pipes are not subject to additional processing - they remain harsh. You can purchase such material with straight runs as familiar steel. The wiring of unnecessary communications is carried out using fittings.
