Paving slabs will help to create unique attractiveness and comfort in your yard. A classic, austere form or fanciful patterns are a worthy addition to the completed design of the site, which gives a special appeal. When choosing bright colors you will not get tired of enjoying your gaze every day, and on a summer evening you will be pleasantly pleased with the warmth of the stones, preserved from the day's sun rays.
But which tile should you choose? Indeed, today there is a great variety of tiles and you need to decide on the color, shape, size and quantity. If you don't feel like bothering yourself with trimming the tiles to fit the track, you can simply calculate the width based on the dimensions of the tiles.
Before starting work, you should think about such points as the color of the tile and its shape.
If you have chosen a curly tile, then you need to calculate the number of pieces that do not have to be cut, they are already in stock, it remains only to calculate the required number. For paths with rounded elements, calculate the number of wavy tiles. Parallel tiling requires less material than diagonal tiling.
Be careful when choosing the thickness of the tiles, as the load placed on them must be taken into account. For a garden path, 40 mm is enough, but if the movement of vehicles is supposed to be on the tiles, then at least 50-55 mm. Tiles over 55 mm thick will be able to withstand a truck.
The price at which you can buy a tile depends on the quality and service life. You also need to buy a border.
To lay the tiles in the yard yourself, you need to prepare the site. In order to do this, we need the following tools:
When laying, it is important to remember that the base must be perfectly flat. We mark the future track and drive the pegs into the marking places, on which we pull the cable so that the line and outline are observed. The height of the embankment should be approximately 5-7 cm.
Before laying the tiles, you need to set the curb at the level of the slab or flush with it. The curb is needed in order to hold the array and prevent it from spreading in different directions. For the curb, you need to dig a trench and dig it in, fixing it with soil. After that, you can prepare the surface and lay the tiles.
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To lay tiles in the yard, you must have the following materials:
Spread over the entire area to the specified level, leveling it with a rake. After that, you need to water the surface with water from a hose until puddles form. After a few hours, the water should be absorbed, after which you need to level the surface with a profile.
The next step is the laying of the sand-cement mixture. To make it, you need to mix sand with cement in a ratio of 8 to 1. We put a sand-cement mixture 3-4 cm thick. Pull a row-cord to the measured height. When pouring a dry sand-cement mixture, it must be thoroughly stirred. Install the screed to flat surface with the help of a channel.
Now you can start laying out the tiles. To do this, it is worth determining the required paving pattern and pulling the cord along the bevel of the slab. Lay the tiles on yourself. You also need to take into account that we put only in the diagonal direction. Lay the first row along the cord. Each subsequent row must be laid in such a way that it adjoins the previous one as much as possible. If irregularities are found, carefully place it under the sand slab with a trowel, and then level it again with a tamper. After we have finished laying the stove, we check the surface by level. If there are irregularities, they should be leveled with a rubber mallet to the desired level. Upon completion of the work, you need to walk along the seams with a sand-cement mixture.
At the end of the work, we fix the sand-cement mixture. The slab is poured into the gaps from a hose using a spray gun.
After the tile coating is dry, it is ready for use. Now you can enjoy the beauty and be proud of your work.
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To begin with, we dig a trench around the entire perimeter or a small pit. If the car is not supposed to be parked, then 200 mm of trench depth is enough, if there is parking, then of course the depth should be greater. Consider an option without a car.
Install formwork system around the entire perimeter of the pit and fill it with concrete. For greater confidence, the screed should be reinforced.
When the surface is flooded, curbs can be installed. To do this, remove the formwork (be sure to wait for the concrete to dry). Then we expose the curb blocks in gravel and fill with concrete mortar from M400 cement.
Do not forget to provide a distance from the house when installing the screed to ensure drainage from the foundation. The fill height of the layer is selected at the design stage (30-70 cm). Typically, such a slope is 5-10 cm per 1 m of the surface to be poured. On the edge of the "rejected" area, a storm drain is being constructed using grooves, drains, grooves (they can be purchased in stores building materials in the departments of the territory arrangement).
After the screed has hardened, you can. We fill the base with dry sand. Use a rubber mallet to lay out the paving stones. Align the joint seams with a stretched cord in each row. In order to speed up the processes of laying and tamping, you can use deep vibrator or vibrating sieves-ramming equipment. We compact the paving stones from the center to the edges, from the small circle to the large one - along the perimeter of the yard. Don't forget to check the level. With a large area of paving, we divide it into squares.
Fill the joints with sand. After laying the paving stones, fill the seams with water and sprinkle them with sand again. Residual sand should not be cleaned out as the joints should be filled to the maximum. This will take about two weeks, after which your yard will be neat and tidy.
Today, everyone wants to improve their yard or make a path, in which case one cannot pass by paving slabs.
It is a proven material that stands out for its strength, durability and beauty. The good news is that everyone can choose a tile to their liking and lay it out themselves. At first glance, it seems difficult and troublesome, but if you figure it out, then you understand - everything is extremely simple. Paths in the garden can be laid out literally over the weekend, and to cover a large yard in about two weeks and one assistant.
Contrary to popular belief, self-installation of paving slabs is a completely feasible task. This is one of the options for improving the site in the country or next to country house, the implementation of which is possible without assistance. In the article we will talk about the technology of laying paving slabs with our own hands, we will analyze detailed step-by-step instructions, and also show diagrams, photos and video materials.
The estimated dimensions of the site should be carefully calculated before starting work on its marking. It is best to make the length and width of the paving area in multiples, based on the dimensions of the prepared paving slabs, in order to avoid its cuts. Solid tile tracks are the most durable, so cutting should be avoided. Having finished with the calculations, you need to measure the laying area using pegs and a cord stretched between them, as well as a tape measure. Do not forget that you need to make a small groove around the perimeter for the curb.
After marking the paths, it is advisable to walk along the proposed route, because then you will need to walk along it many times. If everything suits you, then you can proceed to the next stage of work.
The first stage is the selection and preparation of a site for paving slabs. Of course, you need to see if there is necessary tools... You will need:
After making sure that you have the necessary equipment, you can get to work.
To do the job well, you need to know how to properly lay paving slabs. The guide below will help you with this task.
We mark the boundaries of the site with pegs where laying is planned. If you plan to fence with sidewalk curbs, then you should leave a small margin.
For a tile measuring 25 × 25 cm, it is logical to make the length and width of the site multiples of a quarter of a meter. If the tile is 30 × 30 cm, then it is a multiple of 30 sentiments, and so on. This will eliminate the need to cut the tiles and make the structure more durable.
During the installation process, the main task for high-quality coating a prepared flat base will serve as paving slabs. It should be aligned over the entire area, so that later you do not have to redo anything.
Sod must be cut from the marked area. This will ensure that the root system is removed, which to some extent prevents the germination of plants at the joints of the tiles. Such work is also useful in that the base is being prepared for backfilling, thanks to which the surface can be leveled. Now we are trying to achieve a level ground on the site. We do this by cutting off hills and pouring soil into lowlands and holes.
In the process of this stage, it is also necessary to take care of the availability of a drain for water, for which it is enough to make a slight slope of the base. We carefully process the formed surface with a rake and tamp it.
If the soil is soft, it should be moistened and well compacted in order to prevent shrinkage in the future.
Having completed the work with the relief, it is necessary to fill in 2 layers on top, the first of which consists of gravel, and the next of sand.
If the covering will serve for parking a car on it, then laying paving slabs on a concrete base is best suited.
It is necessary to carefully tamp each layer, the ideal size of which is in the range from 3 to 5 cm. In some situations, geotextiles are placed between gravel and sand, which does not allow gravel to mix with sand, but does not impede the outflow of moisture.
Here, the general case of laying tiles in the country can be divided into two options. The first is laying paving slabs on concrete base, the second is the use of materials that allow laying without cement, for example, on sand. Optimal height embankments of about 7 cm. On the marking stakes, we stretch the fishing line or rope at the selected level.
At the same stage, it will be necessary to determine the water flow line. Stagnant water can erode the base of the tiles.
Place the border in front of the filling. Prepare a small trench for installing the curb and pour a 5 cm layer of sand on the bottom. The depth of the trench is chosen so that 60% of the height of the stone is under the paving.
The curb must be installed in such a way that it could withstand not only the steps of a child on it, but also a collision with a car.
As already noted, in order to avoid trimming, paving slabs should be laid according to accurate calculations, based on their dimensions. If you cannot do without trimming, use a "grinder" with a cutting wheel for concrete. And how is paving slabs with cut edges laid? As well as solid tiles, but in this case more attention should be paid to the layout of the pattern.
After determining the level of the base, fill the area under the paving slabs with sand, tamping it down. Then, along the stretched levels, we level the sand with a rake, adjusting it to a state of a smooth surface with a pipe (channel, corner). You should have a flat area. Now it must be moistened with streams of water (without pressure to avoid washing out).
When laying paving slabs on the sand, carefully press it to the base and, if necessary, tap it with a rubber hammer. Do not forget about the pattern that you are laying out, as the pattern should go sequentially and in accordance with the conceived scheme. When the tiles are laid, for additional compaction, it is advisable to pass over them with a vibrating plate. As a result, the surface will be absolutely smooth, each tile will "grow together" with the base, and water will not accumulate on the surface.
In order to lay tiles on bends and bends, it is necessary to increase the gap between them, and their maximum width should not exceed 0.8 cm. In general, special tiles with rounded edges (“Classic” model) are sold for laying out bends and bends. It is better not to use rectangular tiles for this.
All that remains is to cover the finished paving area with sand and wipe it with a hard-bristled brush. At this stage, the work is basically finished and the new sidewalk can be used.
The sand poured into the joints and on the surface should not contain organic materials and salts that can cause efflorescence.
In addition to beautiful sidewalk, there are great skills that can be easily applied to the foundation of your new paving business.
Worth mentioning minimum requirements for basic care of new tracks. First of all, paving slabs, like any other coating, require systematic cleaning from dirt and dust. Given this fact, it is better to opt for a dark colored tile that does not require thorough cleaning. Patterned tracks should be cleaned regularly with a brush and detergent.
Particular attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the tracks in winter time of the year. It is strictly forbidden to use metal and sharp objects in the process of caring for paving slabs, for example, chopping ice, etc.
In no case should you sprinkle the paving slabs with salt, as it will corrode not only the ice, but also the upper cement layer of the slabs.
If you decide to use special means then it is better to test it on an inconspicuous area of the tile, as there are many chemicals that can spoil the appearance of the walkway. It is undesirable to cover the paving slabs with paints or varnish in order to avoid the loss of the original appearance and aesthetic appearance, the more they can easily spoil the coating. We sincerely hope that our article will help you in your work.
If option self styling paving slabs will not suit you, then you should take a responsible approach to the choice of the company!
And now you can familiarize yourself with the schemes for laying paving slabs:
11.07.2016
Sidewalk tiles are very good material for the production of paths for the garden and pedestrian areas. Now this material is produced in huge quantities. And therefore, there is no shortage of it. But, in order to correctly make a path for a garden out of it, you need to know the technology of laying tiles for sidewalks. In this post I will talk about it in detail.
Very often, sidewalk tiles are rectangular in shape. Thanks to this shape, tiles can be laid in different patterns. Very often, a herringbone, a column and brickwork... At the same time, all the classic types of laying such tiles do not cause great difficulties. But, professional laying of tiles for sidewalks requires special skills, and therefore if you need to make paths for pedestrians using this material, then you need to use the services of craftsmen.
Correct placement of sidewalk tiles is a guarantee of the longevity of your garden walkway. The laying of this material begins with the production of the base. For this, soil is taken at the place of the track and a pillow is made in its place. A ditch for a garden path from sidewalk tiles is dug to a depth of 15 cm. At the same time, the bottom of the ditch must be well tamped.
When the bottom is tamped down, sand must be poured into the ditch. When compacted, its layer should be 5 cm. For good compaction of sand, it is necessary to use a vibrating plate.
To avoid warping and make the garden walkway more durable, even before making a sand cushion, a non-woven fabric can be fitted in the bottom of the ditch. This material will eliminate the destruction of the track in slightly heaving soils.
A crushed stone layer must be poured onto a sand pillow. It will be able to help to properly drain water from the sidewalk tiles and, at the same time, will become a reliable base for the entire walkway. The fraction of crushed stone must be small (5-20 mm), and the layer thickness is no more than 20 cm. You can do without crushed stone. But in order for your path to go without repair for a very long time, the presence of a crushed stone layer is necessary. Also, one cannot do without it where the path for the garden is laid in heaving soil.
Moistened sand is placed on the crushed stone layer. It also needs to be tamped and put on top of a mesh of reinforcement (50 × 50) and a cement-sand layer 3-4 cm thick. The mixture for laying tiles should be prepared at the rate of 1 part of cement and 3 parts of sand. Cement M150 is suitable for this.
They lay the tiles according to a well-thought-out scheme. To do this, you must use a rubber mallet. When laying the tiles, it is necessary to ensure that the gaps between the paving stones are minimal. For proper drainage, it is necessary to make a small slope from the center to the edges of the path.
When the tile is laid, you need to sprinkle the sand-cement mixture on top and use a broom to fill it with a connection between the tiles. After that, the track can be spilled on top with water and when the mixture grasps, use the track for its intended purpose.
When laying sidewalk tiles, it is often necessary to use halves of the material. To make them perfect, you need to file them with an angle grinder and break them along the cutting line.
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Many people who want to lay out paving slabs on their own in a residential area need to familiarize themselves with the step-by-step instructions for the technological process. The paving of paths and part of the territory creates an aesthetic appearance for the landscape, makes it possible to move in any direction, regardless of weather conditions.
The duration of the operation of paved areas affects the quality of the material used, and the technology of laying paving slabs in the courtyard of a private house or suburban area... It is interesting to do the work independently, getting satisfaction from the result of the work. Not every home owner will entrust the installation of the purchased source material to invited specialists, without making sure of their professionalism. Following the step-by-step sequence of the process, and the advice of a specialist in this article, the end result will be achieved.
It differs in thickness, color, shape and wear resistance. On the construction market, products for paving are offered, made according to different technological tasks, this is a method of casting or pressing.
Use the following tile thickness in millimeters:
The large size of the material is more difficult to do styling. A heavy slab must be lifted frequently to level the level. Working with small to medium sized pieces makes it easier to create ornamentation.
The new land area will require a preliminary layout of the tracks. When making the markup, take into account the standing objects that require an approach. The shortest lines of communication are not always straight. They study the paths formed in a natural way, in their absence, lay new ones, leaving them uncovered for a while. After making sure of the correctness of the pattern of movement on the terrain, work begins on cleaning the soil.
The structure of the ground influences the choice of the base material for the tiles. The soil is subdivided into the following types:
It is advised to complete all work on laying communications before paving paths. It is difficult to restore their level and drawing after dismantling. Option of preliminary laying is allowed plastic pipe with a diameter of 50 millimeters, for later use.
Geotextiles are laid on the ground for subsequent layer-by-layer embankment or concreting. It will protect the weed emerging from the ground from destruction of the joints.
The sand base absorbs excess moisture through the joint seams, which cannot be said about the concrete pad. In any of the selected options, the track is made on a rise above ground level, inclined to one side, or oval. The size of the slope is 1 centimeter or 5 degrees per 1 meter of length. Water is absorbed slowly by the concrete. Lack of drainage will lead to its stagnation, and will cause swelling of the layers. On the side of the curb, a hollow is laid - a ditch, for the drainage of water, and its diversion to a specially designated place.
Laying tiles is possible under the following conditions:
Using the design of the location of the tiles, and the estimated width, adjusted for the size of the material, markings are made on the ground. Stakes are driven in along the contour. On straight sections, their number is limited. For rounded and oval shaped areas covered by decking, more marks are required. Pull on the thread using a level.
Before filling the embankment cushion, clean the separated area from weeds, plant roots, stones, and remove the top layer of sod. Loose soil is watered and compacted with a rammer.
It is allowed to use geotextiles, which prevent weeds from growing through the joint seams.
The curb is installed in a prepared trench along the contour of the proposed paving, fixed with supports, and poured with concrete mortar. After complete solidification, the excess parts are removed, and the resulting monolithic frame is sprinkled with sand or earth. The border protects the structure from deformation of the contours, fixing the initially set parameters, and makes the drawing complete.
The material for the contour limiter is tile, stone or plastic, installed at the level of the track, or slightly higher, with a reserve for shrinkage.
From the side of the slope (slope), lay a toad for water. It is effective when there is a natural slope in the walkway, providing drainage.
Depending on the wishes and type of soil, it is made different in the composition of the material. It is proposed to consider each option in more detail.
The artificially created bed in the ground is filled. The first layer is sand, 10 cm high, then, drainage bulk material. Use gravel or crushed stone, raise them to 20 for sidewalks, and 40 centimeters for the driveway and parking lot. Clean sand is poured onto the crushed stone, with a layer of 200 millimeters or more, depending on the thickness of the paving slab, filling the existing voids in the mass of crushed stone, and creating the basis for the tiles.
The ready-to-install base is leveled and water is sprayed on top. For the top layer, fine sand is used, which provides good fixation. After slightly moistening, allow the surface to dry, then level it out and maintain the angle of inclination.
Both components are combined into a single composition. A dry solution is made in the following parts:
The mixture, poured into the intermediate layer on gravel, is not moistened before placing the paving slabs.
Tiled paving on a reinforced base, or already existing early, is not desirable. Water does not seep into the ground, in the seams of the joint, the remaining moisture crystallizes in winter, increasing in volume. This property ice formed destroy the created structure, leading to deformation of individual sections.
Keeping away from you ensures that the selected incline level is maintained. The master moves along the laid out surface without violating the integrity of the substrate. Begin laying in the following order:
Leave a gap of 2-3 millimeters between the seams of the joint, fixing with wedges made of plastic or wood, each subsequent form. Technological process provides for the deepening of the lateral planes by 50% of the material into the mass of the base of sand or its mixture. Therefore, when making the substrate, take into account the thickness of the paving slabs used for the flooring.
The level of control over the angle of inclination is constantly next to the worker. The stretched transverse rope becomes a reference point for the height. Having laid out three rows, control measurements are made. Surface bumps are corrected with a rubber mallet or wooden block... Sand or dry mixture is poured under the sagging tiles.
On an unsecured sidewalk, move carefully until the surface is completely fixed. Correct protruding material by tapping from above or from the side.
Video recommendations for the correct laying of paving slabs from experts
It is not difficult to complete the work begun with your own hands. Using clean sand for the first layer, dry mixture with cement in a 1: 1 ratio for the second filling of the openings.
By forcefully directing the composition with a brush into empty spaces, they provide the density between the tiles specified by the technological conditions. To ensure the quality of the work performed, a visual assessment of the surface will help, after cleaning from the remains of the solution.
Thoroughly cleaned surface from residues, it is irrigated with water. Moisture, combining with a mixture of sand and cement, spontaneously concretes the joints. Without allowing to completely solidify, the spacers are removed. After some time, re-sprinkle the surface of the track with a dry solution, evenly distributing it over the remaining openings, clean off the residues, and sprinkle with water without pressure, by spraying until puddles form on the surface.
Today paving slabs are produced in large quantities, which is facilitated by the development of mini-productions. Thanks to this, paving slabs are becoming more and more affordable and popular: today, most of the paths on household plots and the sidewalks near the cottages are lined with it. But before starting the improvement of the territory adjacent to the house, you need to figure out how to properly lay paving slabs.
Paving slabs are also called paving stones. She, most often, has a rectangular shape. There are many styling schemes. Most often, the most traditional ones are used: a column, a herringbone, a brickwork.
Paving stones are attractive because they are easy to lay, so they are used for the improvement of paths of any type. Areas where several colors of the material are used look especially good.
The tile can serve for a very long time provided correct styling... The basis for the paving stones should be a cushion of sand and gravel. It is arranged in any case, regardless of the chosen method of installation: on a solution or on a dry mixture.
In order to further strengthen the base, a concrete screed is placed on top of it.
The type of base (crushed stone or concrete) depends on the thickness of the tiles and the requirements for the material. First of all, sod is removed from the site to a depth of at least 15 cm. The site is cleared of roots, debris and plant seeds. After that, the site is subjected to longitudinal and transverse planning, taking into account the slope necessary for the drainage of rain and melt water. If necessary (for example, in the case of clayey soil).
The next step is tamping or rolling the site: any of the known methods is suitable for this. Grooves are dug to lay the curb. After that, a five-centimeter sand pillow is arranged on the compacted soil. A side stone (curb) is installed in the grooves, and a small amount of liquid concrete is poured.
In order to avoid deformation of the paved area during operation, the subgrade is covered with geotextiles, which are 2 layers of black mulching material such as Agrotex, Spandbond or Agril. This is especially important in slightly heaving soils.
At the bottom of the site, crushed stone of the middle fraction (5 ... 20 mm) is poured in a layer of 20 cm: this is necessary wherever vehicles can enter. Water is poured directly from above and compaction is performed. It is enough to cover a non-heaving soil with a 15-centimeter layer of moistened coarse sand. The following options are possible here.
The paving stones are laid on a ready-made pillow, after which they are rammed using a vibrating plate or mallet. It is required to observe the level of laying the tiles and form the profile of the track immediately. A slight slope to the edges from the center is necessary: this is necessary for the drainage of water. After that, the dry cement-sand mixture is poured onto the tiles and distributed along its seams. Then the excess mixture is swept out with a brush and the paving slabs are poured with water, which must necessarily penetrate all cracks and seams. After a while, the mixture will harden.
When purchasing paving stones, you should take into account the waste generated during pruning. The amount of waste depends on the method of laying paving slabs, as well as on its shape. For example, laying diagonally increases waste compared to parallel laying.
If it is necessary to split a tile, it must be pre-cut with a grinder. That is, only cut it, not cut it completely. This method helps to prevent the large amount of dust generated during cutting.
The tiles, laid on a concrete base with a reinforced cushion, are capable of supporting the weight of a heavy vehicle (including a truck). It is necessary to select the thickness of the tile depending on the conditions of its use: the thinner one is intended for pedestrian paths, and the thicker one is for the roadway (entrance to the garage, parking lot). However, in any case, the preparation of the base should be taken seriously, and the tile laying technology should be strictly observed: the service life of your path or site depends on it.
Video with site preparation.
