In the climate in which we live, the issues of thermal insulation and insulation of premises will always be relevant. For this, manufacturers are developed by many a variety of types of insulation, which can be found in stores. They are made out different materials and have distinctive properties. Any of them has its advantages and cons. One of the main indicators of the insulation material is its ability to ignite.
Heat-resistant non-combustible heat insulation materials have a wide range of applications. They are used when mounting overlaps, walls, roofs, ventilation and pipelines. Also, he will not be replaced during the construction of baths and saunas. However, not all insulation materials can be equally used on any objects. There are preferred features of application.
Types of non-combustible insulation:
It should be noted that for each purpose of the application you need to choose a certain non-combustible insulation. The form of this issue is also determined by the same building material. In the form and structure, it can be foil material, frustration, blocks, wool, mats, rolls, mats, stoves, and liquid.
The oxygen index of the insulation is the degree of fire safety material, showing the minimum amount of oxygen, which is per unit volume of the insulation.
The oxygen index has several combustibility thresholds:
When choosing a heater for its needs, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to this indicator.
Ceramzite, as a non-combustible thermal insulator has a huge advantage over other materials, and it can be used in any construction work, Including when installing fire-hazardous objects. It has long been widely used in the construction of factory ovens. And only it was used before modern insulation appeared on the market mineral wool.
Application of clay:
When erecting roofs on particularly large construction sites, such as the buildings of industrial shops, supermarkets, socio-cultural institutions, pour a layer of ceramisite as a heater before arranging a screed and roof.
Each building material has its pros and cons. But then what, and even non-flammable, choose for walls?
One of the most important characteristics of the heat-insulating material is the indicator of thermal conductivity. What it is lower, the better. It is on this factor that it is worth choosing a warming coating for the walls in the first place. However, it must be remembered that the walls have only 20% heat loss. In this regard, in order to achieve the necessary effect, you will have to warm up the rest of the houses.
Experts argue that the whole house will insulate outside. For this, it is important to know this ability of the material as a pairs of resistance. It is also necessary to pay attention to how the material resists the effects of the environment. If you want to insulate the house from the inside, then you should pay attention to the eco-safety material, as well as the absence in its composition of poisonous substances.
In private construction, the non-combustible insulation is used when installing the following objects:
Besides this variety Insulation are used in the construction of garages.
Given the fact that there are a large number of heat-resistant and insulating materials, a person is usually difficult to navigate, what kind of material is better to acquire for conducting certain mounting work. To do right choiceYou need to decide on the type of work and find out exactly which heat-resistant insulation is suitable for him.
An important value when you make the selection will have the price. You should know that the quality of the material directly depends on the price and vice versa. The greater requirements correspond to the material, the more expensive it will cost.
Properties that need non-combustible material:
All these qualities should be present at the correct insulation, which will not require a replacement soon and will give due effect.
The non-combustible insulation makes it possible not only to protect the microclimate of the house from the heat exchange with cold street air. He also provides him with safety as protection against fire and fire, the likelihood of which is minimized. Fire resistant Modern materials can be used in the construction of any buildings, whether it industrial facilities or residential premises.
Peat thermal insulation products are produced in the form of plates of 1000x500x30 mm, segments and shells to enhance the thermal resistance of brick, slag concrete and stone walls, for thermal insulation of pipelines, the temperature of which does not exceed 100 ° C, as well as for thermal insulation of refrigerators. Peat plates moisture-absorbing and flammable, ignition temperature 160 ° C, so they need to be protected from the immediate effects of moisture and fire. The volumetric mass of peat slabs is average of 170 kg / m 3 and water-resistant plates 220 kg / m3, bending strength of at least 3 kg / cm 2, thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.05 kcal / MchGrad.
The raw material for the manufacture of peat plates is a young homogeneous peat with a pronounced fibrous structure consisting of moss and medium. The degree of decomposition of these MShs should not exceed 12% and must be at least 5%. Peat is mined in quarries predominantly excavators.
Peat thermal insulation plates are made predominantly wet. For this, a lump peat is crushed into a crumb on the so-called wolf-machine, which is gear rollers (one of the rollers rotates at a speed of 60 rpm, the second - 300 rpm). The peat crumb chopped in the wolf-machine enters the cooking chains to obtain hydrochromasse consisting of 5-6% dry fiber and 94-95% water. This hydromassa in the vapor warms up to a sharp steam to 60-65 ° C and is mixed or impregnated with some chemical reagents (sodium fluoride NAF, ammonium salt, orthophosphoric acid (NN4) ZPO4, siliconfluoride sodium Na2SIF6, etc.) to increase water and biostosity, and Also to reduce product flammability. The duration of the cooking of hydromass on average is 20-25 minutes.
From peat hydromass on the presses of various structures, peatoplates of all sizes are made. The pressing of the plates is made in metal forms equipped with appropriate equipment for water drainage. The final moisture content of molded plates is 85-88%.
Further, the plates are dried in dried various systems. During drying, excessive moisture is removed in the peat of the colloids become irreversible, and the resin emaciated from the peat glue its fibers, which increases the strength and water resistance of products. The maximum temperature of the coolant in the dryer should not exceed 150-160 ° C. Duration of the drying is about 30 hours. Dry products with a humidity of 12-15% are first kept in stock, and then sort and processed with a cold way (clipped, glued, etc.) To give them the appropriate form and sizes.
Kamyshit is called thermal insulating plates made from the cantham, whose stalks are fasten with steel galvanized wire. The dimensions of the chassis coil plates are: in length 2400, 2600 and 2800 mm, in width 550, 950, 1150 and 1500 mm and a thickness of 30, 50, 70 and 100 mm. The volumetric mass of the cacishes is within 175-250 kg / m 3. Humidity on average 18% "and a tensile limit of 5 kg / cm 2 (Yu-1 MPa). Depending on the arrangement of the stems, the coil plates can be with a longitudinal and transverse location.
The raw material for receiving the coat is the stems of an annual mature cane with a diameter of 7-15 mm. In addition, the products of the type of cacishes can be made of stalks of lake roaming, sicks, and the like plants with flexible stems with longitudinal air channels in them.
The stalks for the receipt of the reel are bought in the autumn-winter period of the year with such a calculation so that they do not stop the winter to the root. The plates are manufactured by mechanized presses, on which the stems submitted are first cut down the length of the disk knives, are placed in the stove, pressed and flash with eight rows, firmware steel galvanized wire 1.6-2 mm diameter. Populated plates can be directed to the consumer to use them when filling the frames of external walls of low-rise buildings, for the device internal partitions and overlap warming. To reduce the air permeability of the outer cohesive walls, they are plastered.
The non-flammable insulation allows not only to isolate the house from the heat exchange with street air, but also provides security: the risk of fire, the fire is minimized. Modern materials Firestocks and can be used for industrial and household buildings of any type (including parish, baths, chimneys, fireplaces and boilers).
The oxygen index is a characteristic of the fire safety of a material that shows the minimum amount of oxygen per unit of the insulation volume. There are several thresholds of the oxygen index:
Heat-insulating fibrous materials are mineral non-flammable heaters made of glass, basalt fibers, which are withstanding + 500 ° C. They are used in specific places:
According to GOST Vata is divided into the following categories: stone, glass, slag wool. All types of wool are at the same guest have a combustibility of the class NG - the oxygen index is at least 30%. Consider each of the types of more.
The glass gamble is made of fiberglass by melting glass and pulling out of the fibers.
This material is very fire-resistant, has low hygroscopicity, good sound insulation and low thermal conductivity.
Glasswater retains its properties when exposed to temperatures in the range -60 ° C to + 450 ° C.
Strength is higher than that stone watiBut the fibers are still fragile, so it is better to work with her gloves and glasses.
Wool on basalt fiber is made by molten rocks at high temperatures (up to 1500 ° C). Fibers are connected by adding special substances, which gives durability. Basalt wool is not deformed, does not react to acid-alkaline media.
It is produced by processing slags and obtaining vitreous fibers.
Such a heater has a high thermal conductivity indicator and absorbs moisture, reacts to dampness and creates aggressive medium for metals. It has one advantage - low price.
It is also worth mentioning a new product of modern production in the form of a linen insulation HOT-FLAX. It is pure flax (fiber) without impurities of mineral wool, which has flame retardant treatment and does not fully support combustion.
The oxygen index is 37%, approaching polymer, self-tapping materials.
With bulk insulation are ceramzite, perlite, vermiculite, which are very resistant to fire and have a combustibility class not lower than g1 - an oxygen index is not lower than 30%.
Ceramzite is obtained by burning clay. Granules are severe, with high thermal conductivity. This non-combustible thermal insulation of the bulk type, so uncomfortable in the installation. However, it is cheap and is environmentally friendly. Ceramzite is characterized by the size of fractions. So, an option up to 5 mm is sand, an indicator of up to 40 mm - gravel. If large fractions crush, then crushed stone.
Thermal and fire-resistant qualities when using clay are significantly rising. This is especially true for hard to reach placeswhere such a insulation can be simply pouring. Running vermiculite is used for walls in low-rise construction. It is resistant to microorganisms, environmentally friendly, but has low moisture resistance.
Perlite is represented in the form of pellets from volcanic glass. The fraction ranges from 1 to 10 mm. Thanks lightweight And the ability to regulate the thickness of the protective layer, it serves as an excellent heat insulator.
In practice, 30 mm perlite is equal to the effect to 150 mm bricks. Perlite is applicable in thermal insulation of the roof and walls, it can become an alternative brick masonry. The disadvantage is that he absorbs moisture and fragile.
Cellular non-combustible materials are reminded by the structure of a frozen foam. This type of insulation withstands high temperatures.
Inorganic type insulation with a cellular structure similar to soap foam. The basis is the crushed glass, which is mixed with the carbohydrate. Foamglass has the following positive characteristics:
Penodoneglo can be used in almost any industry - construction, chemical, energy, engineering industries. The only drawback is a high price.
The foam glass has a significant drawback - a large weight that complicates the installation.
Polyurethane foam as a non-combustible material has a serious list of qualities:
This comfortable and easy-to-install material is used for insulation saunas, baths and other objects.
The choice is based on the scope of the insulation. So, basalt Wat. relevant for insulation roofing, walls, overlaps and facades, as flame retardant ventilations and building structures, pipelines, baths and saunas. The foam glass is an excellent non-combustible insulation for the chimney, it is appropriate to use roofing, walls, overlapping and flame retardant structures for insulation.
If there is a desire to insulate the foam glass apartment, then we need a M-shaped bracket, anchor that will help to fix the layer of blocks on the plastered wall (ceiling). Fiberglass applies to insulation of attics, roofs, walls, floor of lags, partitions and inter-storey floors, saunas and baths, walls behind the batteries of central heating systems.
The most famous manufacturers of non-combustible insulation are company such as Rockwool, Ursa Geo, TechnoNikol, Light Batts.
fiberate mineral, heat insulator
Alternative descriptions. (Greek Asbestos - Non-2013) (Mountain Len) Generalized Name of Silicate Class minerals (Serpentin and amphibole groups), Fire resistant, alkali and acid-resistant, Non-Conductive, Dielectric
City (since 1933) in Russia, Sverdlovsk region
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In an ancient greener, the word "extinguish" sounds like "brally", and how will the "Neganese" in ancient Greek?
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This mineral in the people nicknamed mountain leather, and in translated from the Greek his name means "non-aggravated"
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What refractory material is also known as Mountain Len
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