Today we will make a fairly simple device, or rather a power source - a home-made voltage accumulator. As you know, two different metal immersed in an electrolyte solution, they are able to accumulate an electric current in themselves. It was decided to use copper and aluminum foil as electrodes (in my opinion they are the most affordable).
In addition to foil, we still need - a sheet of paper, transparent tape and the vessel itself, in which we will place the battery jar (it is very convenient to use a glass vessel from naphthyzinum or valerian tablets).
We look at the photos.
The foils are almost the same size, only the aluminum foil is a little longer, there is no reason for this, it’s just easier to apply solder to copper foil than to aluminum foil and the wire is not soldered to the foil, just rolled into it and then clamped with pliers.
Then both foils were wrapped in a sheet of paper. It is not permissible for metals to touch each other; a sheet of paper serves as a fence between them. Then the foils must be taken together and wrapped in a circle and wrapped with thread or transparent tape.
Then the manufactured package must be placed in a vessel. After that, we take 50 ml of water and dilute 10 - 20 grams of salt into it. Mix the solution well and heat until all the salt is melted.
After melting the salt, pour the solution into a vessel, where we have a ready-made blank for our home-made battery. After pouring, we wait a few minutes and measure the voltage on the battery wires. I forgot to clarify the polarity of the battery, copper foil - plus power, aluminum, respectively, minus. Measurements will show a voltage of the order of 0.5-0.7 volts. But the initial tension means nothing. We need to charge our battery. You can charge from any DC source with a voltage of 2.5-3 volts, charging lasts half an hour. After charging, we again measure the voltage, it has increased to 1.3 volts and can reach up to 1.45 volts. The maximum current of such a homemade battery can reach up to 350 milliamps.
You can make several of these batteries and use as backup source power supply for, say, an LED panel or a flashlight. To increase the power of the battery, you can use large foil, but of course, such a self-made battery will not hold a charge for very long (the charge will run out within one week), another minus is a short service life (no more than 3 months), since oxide a is formed on copper during the charge-discharge process, aluminum foil begins to corrode and gradually breaks into small pieces, but I think it’s worth trying to assemble such a simple battery for experiments.
Of course, now there are no problems with buying batteries and accumulators, but, apparently, it will be interesting for you to get acquainted
with gas accumulator design. Consider the design of the simplest battery. Design
the battery is so simple that anyone can repeat it. (which is not unimportant, and has already been discussed in the comments ..)
1. container 5.15% saline solution
2.lid 6.activated carbon bag
3. carbon rod 7. clamp (clamp)
4.activated carbon 8.plug
The design of the battery is clear from the figure. Opaque container 1 with lid 2 is filled with electrolyte - 15%
saline solution. Two identical electrodes are lowered into the container. The electrode consists of a carbon rod,
around which there is a bag 6 with activated carbon 4. The bags must be wrapped tightly
threads to ensure good contact of the electrode with activated carbon. Activated carbon layer thickness
should not exceed 15mm.
Battery. A simple homemade battery.
If you add 1g of boric acid and 2g of sugar to the solution for every liter, then battery performance will improve.
Sugar is added during long discharge cycles. Charge the battery direct current based on 4.5 volts
for each element (jar). Charging time up to 12 hours. Full charge signal - copious gas emission. For
so that the gases do not “squeeze out” the electrolyte from the container, a plug is provided, which is necessary when charging
open. To get a capacity of 1a * h, you need to use 65g of activated carbon. Electrolyte change once per
1. If the walls of the vessel transmit light, the battery will quickly discharge. The container outside can
2. It is better to use distilled water or melt snow, as tap water is highly mineralized, and
3. 15% common salt solution is obtained by diluting 5 tablespoons of salt in one liter of water.
well, here's more:
Homemade battery
If you don’t have a set of fresh batteries on hand, you can make a homemade power supply. To do this, you will need two carbon rods from an old battery, two woven bags with a diameter of 20.25 mm and a height of 60 mm. Rods are installed in them and filled with activated carbon (crushed medical tablets).
The following solution is used as an electrolyte: dissolve 5 tablespoons of table salt, 2 g of boric acid and 3 g of sugar in 1 liter of water.
The walls of the glass jar need to be painted with black paint.
The power supply will output 1.5V.
How to make a battery with your own hands
Of course, now there are no problems with buying batteries and accumulators, but, apparently, it will be interesting for you to get acquainted with the design of a gas accumulator. Consider
battery blocks of 200A
Next, we solder in each block 80 pieces in parallel, 4 cans each, we use cassettes for a set of battery cans, you can buy on aliexpress. We also need a copper bus with a thickness of 1-2mm. thin copper wire. Next, solder the findings from every 4 pcs. 18650 for the controller that will monitor the charge of the cans.
We connect 3 such assemblies in series and get a powerful battery.
IMAX B6 MINI PROFESSIONAL BALANCE CHARGER/DISCHARGER
Opus BT-C3100 (version 2.2) Intelligent Li-ion/NiCd/NiMH battery charger
How does the BMS board work?
- increase service life,
– keeping the battery in working condition.
Functions BMS (Battery Management System)
– voltage: total voltage, individual cell voltage, minimum and maximum cell voltage,
- charge and depth of discharge,
– charge/discharge currents,
Incorrect charging is one of the most common causes of li-ion battery failure, so charge control is one of the main functions of the BMS microcontroller.
Based on the above points, BMS evaluates:
– maximum allowable charge current,
– maximum allowable discharge current,
- the amount of current during discharge,
is the internal resistance of the cell,
- the total operating time of the battery during operation.
The BMS protects the battery by preventing it from going out of safe work. BMS guarantees the safety of connecting / disconnecting the load, flexible load management, protects the battery from:
– overcurrent,
– overvoltage (during charging),
- voltage drops below the permissible level (during discharge),
– providing a modular charging process,
- by adjusting the output currents of the battery cells connected to the consumer.
How to make a powerful battery with your own hands
We make a powerful power bank for 12 volt 200A / h We need 240 pieces of 18650 A lot of tin and a lot of patience
A battery or galvanic cell is a chemical source of electric current. All batteries sold in stores, in fact, have the same design. They use two electrodes of different composition. The main element for the negative terminal (anode) of saline and alkaline batteries is zinc, and for their positive (cathode) manganese. The cathode of lithium batteries is made of lithium, and a wide variety of materials are used for the anode.
An electrolyte is located between the electrodes of the batteries. Its composition is different: for salt batteries with the lowest resource, ammonium chloride is used. Alkaline batteries use potassium hydroxide, while lithium batteries use an organic electrolyte.
When the electrolyte interacts with the anode, an excess of electrons is formed near it, which creates a potential difference between the electrodes. When the electrical circuit is closed, the number of electrons is constantly replenished due to a chemical reaction, and the battery maintains the flow of current through the load. In this case, the anode material gradually corrodes and collapses. With its full development, the battery life is exhausted.
Despite the fact that the composition of the batteries is balanced by manufacturers to ensure their long and stable operation, you can make the battery yourself. Consider several ways how you can make a battery with your own hands.
This homemade battery will use an electrolyte based on citric acid found in the pulp of a lemon. For electrodes, take copper and iron wires, nails or pins. The copper electrode will be positive, and the iron electrode will be negative.
The lemon needs to be cut across into two parts. For greater stability, the halves are placed in small containers (glasses or glasses). It is necessary to connect the wires to the electrodes and immerse them in a lemon at a distance of 0.5 - 1 cm.
Now you need to take a multimeter and measure the voltage on the resulting galvanic cell. If it is not enough, then you will also need to make several identical lemon batteries with your own hands and connect them in series using the same wires.
To assemble a device with your own hands, similar in design to the first battery in the world, you will need a glass jar or a glass. We use zinc or aluminum (anode) and copper (cathode) for the electrode material. To increase the efficiency of the element, their area should be as large as possible. It would be better to solder the wires, but the wire will have to be attached to the aluminum electrode with a rivet or bolted connection, since it is difficult to solder it.
The electrodes are immersed inside the jar so that they do not touch each other, and their ends are above the level of the jar. It is better to fix them by installing a spacer or slotted cover.
For the electrolyte we use water solution ammonia (50 g per 100 ml of water). Aqueous ammonia solution ( ammonia) is not the ammonia used for our experiment. Ammonium chloride (ammonium chloride) is an odorless white powder used in soldering as a flux or as a fertilizer.
The second option for preparing the electrolyte is to make a 20% solution of sulfuric acid. In this case, you need to pour acid into water, and in no case vice versa. Otherwise, the water will instantly boil and its splashes, along with acid, will fall on clothes, face and eyes.
Protective goggles and chemical resistant gloves are recommended when working with concentrated acids. Before you make a battery using sulfuric acid, you should study the safety rules when working with aggressive substances in more detail.
It remains to pour the resulting solution into a jar so that at least 2 mm of free space remains to the edges of the vessel. Then, using a tester, select the required number of cans.
A self-assembled battery is similar in composition to a salt battery, as it contains ammonium chloride and zinc.
The ingredients for making such a battery with your own hands are:
It is easy to guess that the electrodes will be copper and aluminum, and an aqueous solution of acetic acid is used as an electrolyte.
Coins first need to be cleaned of oxides. To do this, they will need to be briefly dipped in vinegar. Then we make circles of cardboard and foil according to the size of the coins, using one of them as a template. We cut out the mugs with scissors, put the cardboard ones in vinegar for a while: they should be saturated with electrolyte.
During the operation of this self-assembled battery, the coins will become completely unusable, so do not use numismatic material that is of cultural and material value.
The anode of the battery is the aluminum body of the beer can. The cathode is a graphite rod.
From the jar you need to cut off the top. Then make a circle of foam plastic according to the size of the bottom of the can and insert it inside, having previously made a hole in the middle for the graphite rod. The rod itself is inserted into the jar strictly in the center, the cavity between it and the walls is filled with coal chips. Then an aqueous solution of salt is prepared (3 tablespoons per 500 ml of water) and poured into a jar. To prevent the solution from spilling out, the edges of the jar are filled with wax or paraffin.
Clothespins can be used to connect wires to graphite rods.
This battery is disposable. It is suitable for starting a fire by shorting the wires to produce a spark.
To create a potato lighter you will need:
Homemade battery from improvised means
How to make a homemade battery from available materials. Short description the principle of battery operation. How to make a battery from a lemon, copper coins, potatoes, aluminum cans.
Hello everyone again thinkers! Today I will tell you how to make a battery yourself and from improvised materials!
AA batteries are commonly used batteries. cylindrical shape with a nominal value of about 1.5V, about 49-50mm in length and 13.5-14.5mm in diameter. They are easy to make yourself, and the very manufacture of this brain homemade can serve as an excellent visual aid for explaining physical and chemical processes to children.
Step 1: Materials and Tools
Step 2: Cleaning Washers
The basis of this homemade 11 copper-zinc elements that "give out" 1.5V. Copper and zinc washers must enter into chemical reactions, so we clean them from oxides, dirt, etc. Using brainskin with 100 grains, we do not just clean the washers, but polish them to a shine.
Step 3: Electrolyte preparation
Copper and zinc create a potential difference, but you also need a medium through which charges will pass between these potentials. For the electrolyte, dissolve 4 tablespoons of salt in 120 ml of distilled water, mix everything thoroughly until completely dissolved, then add 30 ml of vinegar and let it brew.
Step 4: Cardboard
To keep the washers at a distance from each other, you need to lay them brainboard, namely corrugated cardboard impregnated with electrolyte. We cut the corrugated cardboard into squares with a side of 1 cm and soak them in electrolyte, which was infused for at least 5 minutes after adding vinegar.
Step 5: Stretching the Tube
Now you need to slightly modify the heat shrink tube. To make it easier to install copper-zinc battery cells into the tube, we stretch the tube itself with needle nose pliers by about 10% of the initial diameter.
Step 6: Testing
It's time to test our elements. Put on a copper washer braincardboard, impregnated with electrolyte, and a zinc washer on it. Use gloves! Next, turn on the multimeter in the “constant 20V” mode, touch the copper washer with the black wire, and the zinc washer with the red one. The multimeter should show about 0.05-0.15V, this is enough to create a battery of 11 copper-zinc cells.
Step 7: Battery Assembly
We collect the battery from the prepared elements: copper - zinc - cardboard. It is in this sequence. See photo.
First, we insert a copper washer into the tube, align it perpendicular to the length of the tube, put a zinc washer on it, then cardboard, and so on, all 11 elements. For convenience, lightly tamp the elements with a plastic rod.
After installing the last zinc washer, we verify the resulting workpiece homemade with an old standard AA battery, if necessary, add another zinc washer. After adjusting the length, we heat the tube, thereby forming a battery, cut off the excess ends.
Step 8: Mounting the contacts
It remains to add contacts. We heat up soldering iron and solder balls of solder to the ends of the battery. That is, we solder a ball of solder onto the copper end, so that when installed in the battery holder, our homemade product touches the contact of the battery holder. Then we turn the battery over and do the same with the zinc end.
Step 9: Everything is ready, apply!
A homemade battery is ready, let's try it in action. We connect the multimeter in the "constant 20V" mode and measure the voltage, it should be about 1.5V
If the voltage is below 1.5 V, then try stretching the battery a little, if this does not help, then you may have made a mistake in the order in which the washers were installed.
If everything is in order, then install the battery in your favorite braingadgets and enjoy their work!
How easy it is to make a battery
How easy it is to make a battery Greetings to all brainers again! Today I will tell you how to make a battery yourself and from improvised materials! AA batteries are widely
Of course, the battery is easy to buy at any hardware store, electronics store or hypermarket. However, for the sake of interesting experiences and gaining knowledge of the "school of life" is still worth knowing how to make a battery with your own hands. Moreover, the process of such work is very entertaining and uncomplicated.
For the first option you will need:
The work process is as follows:
A homemade sour fruit battery can also be made using:
The algorithm is the following:
Stock up:
So, how to make a battery from tubers:
Potatoes in this experiment can be replaced with a banana, avocado, or any of the citrus fruits.
Before you make a battery, prepare:
Everything is ready? For business:
Prepare:
The graphite component from old batteries is not only the basis for a new energy source, but also an element that can be used for electric welding. This is done in a simple way:
How to make a battery at home? You will need improvised materials, a little enthusiasm and perseverance. In exchange, you will receive alternative energy sources.
Recently, all low-cost radio-controlled models began to be equipped with Ni-Cd batteries (nickel-cadmium batteries), or rather assemblies of these batteries. Batteries of this type have a low market value, and there are a number of reasons for this.
Relatively simple and cheap manufacturing technology
Have a memory effect
Small number of reloads
Small specific capacity
Sooner or later, your favorite toy stops turning on, the battery becomes unusable, and the question arises where to find a new one. But where to find the right size, and most importantly with the same type of battery connector ?!
You don't have to look for anything if you have a soldering iron, a couple of wires, a heat shrink tube, and 30 minutes of free time.
So, let's say you have a toy powered by a Ni-Mh or Ni-Cd rechargeable battery at 7.2 V, with a capacity of 400 ma / h. Naturally, we want not only to bring the toy back to life, but also to extend the playing time on a single charge. Therefore, we will increase the capacity of new batteries several times!
Turning the old battery in your hands and cutting its shell, you can easily make sure that it is assembled from ordinary AA class AA batteries using the serial connection method.
Therefore, we need, in our example, this is:
6 x AA Ni-Mh batteries, each battery 1.2V, respectively to obtain 7.2V = 1.2V * 6 , Same Capacity!
· Heat-shrink tubing
Soldering equipment: soldering iron, flux, solder
Needle file/skin
Copper stranded wire approx.
You may have noticed that the batteries in the old battery are not connected by soldering. And this was not done in vain, because with strong heating, the battery can be damaged, but, as they say, "everything is good in moderation." We will connect the batteries by soldering, but using a certain technology.
In order for the solder to quickly “stick” to the contact surface of the battery, we first clean the surface with a needle file. When processing with a needle file, bumps and scratches are also created that will create conditions for reliable contact.
Personally, I use ordinary rosin or soldering fat as a flux, and ordinary tin-lead solder, soldering iron temperature 450 degrees.
Let's tin the contact pad. If the solder does not “stick”, you should not heat the battery pad for a long time, this can lead to its failure. In this case, add flux and solder and try again.
I do not advise using wires with insulation to connect the battery, because they will greatly change the size of the battery, in some cases this is a very important factor. Therefore, I usually remove the insulation and use the method of tinning the bare wire to make a kind of flat connecting plates.
Since we tinned the contact pads of the battery in advance, it will not be difficult for us to solder the connecting plate.
We connect the battery in series, that is, "+ " one battery is connected to "- " another, and so on. The positive contact of the first and the negative contact of the latter, respectively, will give a total output voltage of 7.2 Volts.
Having connected all the necessary wires, including the charging connector, put the assembly into a heat shrink tube and heat it (you can use a regular hair dryer).
Let's summarize. You were the owner of a weak battery with a supply voltage of 7.2V, a capacity of 400ma / h, which was based on 6 Ni-Cd batteries. Taking a connector from an old "dead" battery and doing all the work described above, we got: a battery with a capacity of 1800 ma / h, a supply voltage of 7.2 volts, Ni-Mh without a memory effect.
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In May 2015, Elon Musk unveiled beautiful Powerwall home units to store energy from solar panels from the roof - and supply free electricity to the whole house day and night. Even in the absence of solar panels, such backup power for the home is especially valuable if there is a blackout in the quarter. The computer and all equipment will continue to work quietly.
The second version of the Powerwall stores up to 13.5 kWh, which should be enough for several hours (standard power is 5 kW, and 7 kW at the peak). The only problem is that the original Tesla version costs as much as $5,500 (plus $700 for related hardware, total $6,200, plus installation labor costs between $800 and $2,000) - very expensive. DIY makers have solved this problem with used batteries, which are free in discarded laptops.
With your own hands you can assemble a block with the best performance than Tesla (for example, by 30-100 kWh) - and much cheaper.
DIY build enthusiasts share their experiences on dedicated DIY Powerwalls forums, in Facebook group and on YouTube. A special section on the forums is dedicated to safety - this is an important aspect when building such a powerful thing that can also catch fire on the street (they are usually installed outside the house so as not to break the law and for safety).
For makers, assembling and connecting such a power supply is not only an interesting activity and saving money, but also an opportunity to figure out how an electrician works in a house.
Almost all enthusiasts in the comments mother board noted that their own systems are much larger than Tesla's. It's likely that the company sacrificed capacity for a beautifully slim PSU design and for better cooling efficiency and security. One of the French makers from the forum under the nickname Glubux assembled a 28 kWh unit. He says that this is enough for the whole house, and even had to buy an electric oven and induction cooker to use the excess energy somewhere.
Australian maker Peter Matthews assembled a 40 kWh unit that is powered by 40 solar panels on the roof, fortunately in Australia there is no shortage of sunny days.
The largest homemade block that could be found mother board, assembled from 22,500 cells from laptops and has a capacity of more than 100 kWh. From such a block little house can operate for several months - for example, all winter - even if the solar panels are completely out of order or inactive.
A Californian blogger Jehu Garcia intends to build a 1-megawatt system from laptop batteries, the largest such private energy storage system in the United States.
Most enthusiasts use 18650 lithium-ion batteries when building. They are usually packaged in colored plastic cases and installed in laptops and other electronics. New 18650 batteries cost about $5 apiece, so the system will be slightly cheaper than the Tesla model. Therefore, collectors usually buy used batteries and remove batteries from discarded broken laptops. Unfortunately, many people simply throw away batteries with a broken laptop, even though they are still fully functional. According to the director of Call2Recycle, the largest US battery recycling company, about 95% of batteries are not reused but end up in a landfill, although almost all types of batteries can be reused in one form or another.
Finding enough discarded tech isn't easy, and it's become even harder lately because many people have started building their own power systems like Powerwalls out of them, and laptop manufacturers generally don't encourage reusing their batteries in non-brand homemade tech.
After finding the batteries, they are tested, then "updated" through cycling with a full discharge. Then the batteries are combined into "packages". Such boxes for hundreds of batteries can be bought on the market or assembled by yourself. Electrically conductive copper "tires" (busbars) are attached to the top, and battery contacts are soldered to them.
Now there is a whole community of makers from all over the world who are constructing such “battery home farms” from old laptop batteries to store electricity from solar panels. The community brings together enthusiasts from all over the world, they share experiences and safety tips, engineering systems, compatibility different types batteries, etc. The success and safety of the Powerwall has proven that it is a truly safe system suitable for continuous long-term use (the Powerwall has a 10-year warranty).
