System of regulatory documents in construction
SET OF RULES
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
ONE APARTMENT RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
SP 31-106-2002
STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND UTILITY COMPLEX
(GOSSTROY RUSSIA)
Moscow 2002
FOREWORD
1 DEVELOPED by FSUE TsNS Gosstroy of Russia, JSC TsNIIpromzdaniy with the participation of AVOK and specialists from the Department of technical regulation of the Gosstroy of Russia
AGREED by the Department of State Energy Supervision and Energy Saving of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation (letter No. 32-01-07 / 33 of 20.03.2002)
INTRODUCED by the Department of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Gosstroy of Russia
2 APPROVED for application by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia No. 7 dated 02.14.02.
3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
This Code of Practice contains recommendations for the design and calculation of engineering systems for single-family houses. The implementation of these recommendations will ensure compliance with the mandatory requirements for the engineering systems of residential buildings, established by SNiP 31-02-2001 "Single-family residential houses" and other building codes and regulations.
The set of rules contains provisions on the arrangement and equipment of internal engineering systems: heating, ventilation and air conditioning, cold and hot water supply, sewerage, electrical equipment and lighting, gas supply. Recommendations are given on the choice of types of autonomous engineering systems and equipment used.
This Code of Practice is designed to take into account the National Housing Code of Canada ( National Housing Code of Canada, 1998 and Illustrated Guide ) in terms of engineering systems. When developing the Code of Rules, the manuals and were used.
This Code of Practice was developed by: L.S. Vasilieva, S.N. Nersesov, Cand. tech. Sciences, L.S. Exler (FSUE CNS); V.P. Bovbel, N.A. Shishov (Gosstroy of Russia); E.O. Shilkrot, Cand. tech. Sciences, A.L. Naumov, Cand. tech. Sciences (JSC "TsNIIpromzdaniy"); Yu.A. Tabunshchikov, Dr. Sciences (ABOK).
CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING SYSTEMS OF ONE APARTMENT RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF UTILITY SYSTEMS FOR SINGLE - FAMILY HOUSES
Date of introduction 2002-09-01
This Code of Practice establishes recommendations for the design and construction of internal water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation, gas supply and electricity supply systems, as well as external networks and power supply, water supply and sewerage systems for single-family houses under construction and renovation.
In this Code of Practice, references to the following regulatory documents are used:
GOST 8426-75 Clay bricks for chimneys
SNiP 2.04.01-85 * Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings
SNiP 2.04.02-84 * Water supply. External networks and facilities
SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and facilities
SNiP 2.04.05-91 * Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
SNiP 2.04.07-86 * Heating networks
SNiP 2.04.08-87 * Gas supply
SNiP 3.05.01-85 Internal sanitary systems
SNiP 3.05.02-88 * Gas supply
SNiP 3.05.04-85 * External networks and water supply and sewerage facilities
SNiP 23-01-99 Construction climatology
SNiP 31-02-2001 Single-family residential houses
SP 31-105-2002 Design and construction of energy-efficient single-family residential buildings with a wooden frame
SP 40-102-2000 Design and installation of pipelines for water supply and sewerage systems made of polymer materials. General requirements
SP 41-101-95 Design of heating points
SP 41-102-98 Design and installation of pipelines for heating systems using metal-polymer pipes
SP 41-103-2000 Design of thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines
Design of autonomous heat supply sources
SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 Hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters
Electrical Installation Rules (PUE)
Safety rules in the gas industry
3.1 The choice of engineering systems for the house is carried out by the developer at the stage of filing an application and receiving an architectural and planning assignment for the development of a project for the construction or reconstruction of a house.
3.2 Engineering systems of a single-family house must be installed in accordance with the duly approved project documentation, developed in accordance with the architectural and planning assignment in compliance with the requirements of building codes and regulations, as well as regulatory documents of state supervision bodies.
3.3 The designed and installed engineering systems of the house must ensure that the parameters of the microclimate and thermal comfort in the house, its sanitary and epidemiological characteristics, as well as the level of safety of engineering equipment comply with the requirements of SNiP 31-02.
3.4 Equipment and elements of engineering systems should be designed and installed so that no defects arise in them during possible movements of building structures (including due to settlement of the base).
3.5 Devices and equipment, devices and fittings used in engineering systems must be fully factory ready and have factory instructions for installation and operation.
The products and materials used for the installation of systems must meet the requirements of the standards or technical conditions applicable to them.
3.6 Design and installation of systems should be carried out by organizations that have the appropriate licenses.
3.7 The installed systems must be tested in accordance with the requirements of building codes and regulations, taking into account the existing factory instructions for the installed equipment.
3.8 The house should be equipped with recording or summing devices that determine:
a) the amount of heat consumption in a centralized heat supply system;
b) the amount of gas or liquid fuel consumed;
c) the amount of water consumed from cold and hot water supply systems;
d) the amount of electricity consumed by all electrical consumers.
3.9 At the request of the developer, signaling devices for light and sound alarms can be provided in the house when:
Stopping the heat generator when the protection is triggered;
Lowering the air temperature in the premises of the house below the permissible (5 ° C);
Exceeding the permissible CO content in the indoor air of the house;
Gas contamination of the premises of heat generators.
If there is a control center, the corresponding signals must be sent to its control panel.
3.10 Equipment and elements of engineering systems, with the exception of embedded pipes or channels, must be installed so that access is provided for inspection, maintenance, repair and cleaning.
3.11 The provisions and rules established by this Code of Rules apply to all single-family residential buildings, regardless of their design.
Special additional requirements related to houses with load-bearing walls of frame structures are set out in SP 31-105.
SNiP 31-02 imposes requirements on single-family houses:
on the provision of drinking water from the centralized water supply network of the settlement, from an individual or collective source of water supply from underground aquifers or from a reservoir at the rate of a daily consumption of at least 60 liters per person;
to the compliance of drinking water quality with hygienic standards established by the Ministry of Health of Russia;
to the availability of equipment, fittings, devices and devices of the water supply system for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
4.1 General
4.1.1 Water supply to a single-family house is carried out from a centralized or group external water supply network, and in its absence or in cases where this is provided for in the design assignment, an autonomous water supply system is arranged.
4.1.2 The water supply system of a single-family house includes:
Connected to a centralized or group external network - a branch from an external water supply network, an input into a house, an internal water supply or a water column;
Autonomous - a water intake structure, a water-lifting installation, a water treatment plant, a supply pipeline, an entrance to the house, a spare or regulating tank, an internal water supply.
An autonomous hot water supply system additionally includes a hot water boiler or heat exchanger (with a closed heat supply system), equipment for maintaining a given temperature at the points of water intake, and, if necessary, circulation networks and pumps.
4.1.3 All central (group) water supply systems for a group of single-family houses should be equipped with devices for measuring the amount of water. At the same time, cold and hot water meters should be installed in each house, and water meters or flow meters should be installed at water intake or water treatment facilities.
Water meters should be placed in a place convenient for taking readings and maintenance, in a room where the air temperature is maintained at least 5 ° C.
4.1.4 When arranging an entrance to a house, laying pipelines and hanging devices, additional requirements must be observed aimed at ensuring the integrity of building structures, preventing irrational heat loss, the formation of an unacceptable amount of condensate in the thickness of building structures during the heating period; such requirements should be established in the design assignment, taking into account the peculiarities of the specific structural system of the house.
4.1.5 The water supply system of the house must ensure the supply of the required SNiP 2.04.01 the amount of water in the house. It is allowed to calculate the water supply system of a single-family house for a family of three to five people based on an approximate water consumption of 0.5 - 1.0 m 3 / h.
4.1.6 When designing and installing a water supply system at home, the general requirements of SNiP 2.04.01, SNiP 2.04.02 and additional requirements of this Code of Rules must be observed.
4.1.7 Installation of pipelines should be carried out in compliance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01 and SNiP 3.05.04, as well as additional requirements of this Code of Rules.
4.1.8 Hydraulic calculation of water supply networks, design and installation of pipelines made of polymeric materials are recommended to be carried out in accordance with SP 40-102.
4.1.9 It is recommended to use products made of polymeric materials for the installation of pipelines.
4.2 Intake structure for an autonomous water supply system
4.2.1 As an autonomous source of water supply, as a rule, groundwater should be used. Preference should be given to aquifers protected from pollution by impermeable rocks.
4.2.2 It is recommended to use shaft wells or water supply wells as water intake structures.
4.2.3 Sump well
4.2.3.1 A shaft well is preferable for use when the depth of the aquifer is not more than 30 m. It is a vertical mine working with a circular or square section with a diameter (side length) of not less than 1.0 m. The walls of the well can be made of wood, stone, concrete or reinforced concrete, polymeric materials.
The well is intended to accommodate a water intake device. With different versions of the adopted scheme of the water supply network, a stationary pump and a hydraulic pneumatic tank can also be placed on a special site inside the well or in an underground chamber adjacent to the shaft of the well.
4.2.3.2 The head and the shaft of the shaft well shall be protected from contamination by surface and ground waters. The top of the head must be at least 0.8 m higher than the ground level and covered with a cover. Around the well, a blind area 1 - 2 m wide with a slope from the well and a waterproof clay castle 0.5 m wide to a depth of 1.5 - 2 m should be arranged.
4.2.3.3 The bottom of the well, when receiving water through it, must be equipped with a gravel filter or a slab of porous concrete must be laid on it.
When water is received through the walls, windows filled with a gravel filter or porous concrete should be arranged in them.
4.2.3.4 When the thickness of the aquifer is up to 3 m, shaft wells of the perfect type should be provided - with the opening of the entire thickness of the layer; with a greater thickness of the seam, imperfect wells are allowed - with the opening of the seam to a depth of at least 2 m.
4.2.4 Water well
4.2.4.1 Water wells, used mainly in cases where the depth of the aquifer exceeds 20 m, are arranged in such a way that a water intake filter and a submersible pump can be placed in them.
4.2.4.2 The head of the water well is recommended to be located in a well, the bottom of which should be provided below the level of soil freezing.
The design of the wellhead must exclude the possibility of penetration of surface water and contamination into the well. The upper part of the head should protrude at least 0.5 m above the floor of the well chamber.
4.2.4.3 If there is a danger of surface water penetration into the well, their drainage should be provided.
4.2.4.4 For self-flowing wells, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of organizing water drainage outside the site with the prevention of erosion of the earth's surface.
4.3 Water treatment plants
4.3.1 The quality of drinking water supplied to the house must comply with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.02. In cases where the source water does not meet these requirements, it must be purified and (or) disinfected.
4.3.2 Disinfection of water, as a rule, should be carried out in water treatment plants, including by a reagent-free method (using bactericidal irradiation).
For water disinfection, the use of sodium hypochlorite, bleach and other reagents permitted by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation for use in the practice of domestic drinking water supply is allowed.
When using bleach or other dry chlorine-containing reagents, chlorine cartridges (porous ceramic capsules) filled with a reagent and lowered into a water receiving tank (well, tank) can be used.
4.3.3 Water purification in individual water supply systems is most often used to remove iron, salts, hardness, in some cases - to remove fluorine, manganese and other elements, as well as to reduce total mineralization.
4.3.4 For disinfection and (or) water purification, factory-made installations should be used, located at the water inlet to the house in a separate room on the ground floor or in the basement. At the same time, the requirements established by the equipment manufacturer for the installation location, room height must be met. The minimum distance from the installation to the enclosing structures must be at least 0.7 m.
4.3.5 With centralized and individual water supply systems, treatment facilitiesinstallations or installations which do not provide the required quality of purification, it is necessary to provide in the house individual installations for additional purification of water, installed, as a rule, immediately in front of the water-folding device (for example, at the sink).
4.4 Internal water supply networks
4.4.1 For internal systems of cold and hot water supply, pipes and fittings made of polymeric materials should be used predominantly.
It is allowed to use copper pipes, as well as steel pipes with a protective coating against corrosion.
4.4.2 Pipelines (except for connections to sanitary ware) made of polymer materials are recommended to be laid in skirting boards, grooves, shafts or channels to prevent the possibility of their mechanical damage during operation.
4.4.3 When placing pipelines, it is recommended to provide for the possibility of replacing them without disassembling the supporting structures of the house.
4.4.4 The installation of shut-off valves on internal water supply networks should include:
At each inlet of household and drinking water;
At supply and circulation pumps for hot water supply;
In front of appliances, water fittings, hot water devices and other units;
In front of external watering taps.
4.4.5 In cases where the pressure of the external network exceeds the specified limit value of the pressure in the internal network, a pressure regulator should be installed at the entrance to the house.
4.4.6 If the pressure of the central water supply network is insufficient or there is an individual source with a dynamic level of water standing at a depth at which the resistance of the suction path (taking into account the lift height) does not exceed the pump suction head, it is recommended to install a pump with a diaphragm expansion tank (for example, a hydraulic pneumatic tank ) located in a shaft well, in an underground chamber near a water well or in a house.
4.4.7 To prevent water cooling in pipes in the absence of water consumption in hot water supply systems, thermal insulation of pipes and circulation pumps should be provided.
4.4.8 Pumping units should, as a rule, be located in rooms where heat generators are installed. At the same time, measures should be taken so that the sound pressure level at the design points of the residential premises of the house with the pump running does not exceed 34 dBA.
SNiP 31-02 imposes requirements on single-family houses in terms of:
used sewerage systems (centralized, local or individual, including cesspool, absorbing or with individual bioprocessing);
removal of waste water without contaminating the territory and aquifers;
availability of equipment, fittings, devices and devices of the sewerage system for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The sewerage system of a single-family house is connected to a centralized or group external network, and in their absence or in cases where this is provided for in the design assignment, it is arranged as an autonomous one. The decision on the choice of an individual sewerage system must be agreed with the local authority of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, and when discharging wastewater into a surface water body - also with the local environmental authority.
5.1.2 The sewerage system includes:
attached to a centralized orgroup network - internal sewerage network, outlet from the house and outlet pipeline;
autonomous - internal sewerage network, outlet from the house, outlet pipeline, septic tank and treatment facilities; depending on the adopted sewerage scheme, the external network may include a filter well, filtration fields, pumping units, and a factory-made treatment plant.
An autonomous sewage system can be arranged using backlash closets or dry closets and a cesspool.
5.1.3 Units, products and materials used in the construction of the sewage system must meet the requirements.
5.1.4 When arranging the outlet from the house, laying pipelines and installing devices, the requirements must be observed.
5.1.5 When designing and installing the sewerage system, the general requirements of SNiP 2.04.01, SNiP 2.04.03, SNiP 3.05.01 and SNiP 3.05.04, as well as additional requirements of this Code of Rules, must be observed.
5.2 Laying of outlets and pipelines
5.2.1 For laying gravity pipelines, use plastic pipes with socket or socket joints, cast iron or asbestos-cement pipes with socket joints with a diameter of at least 100 mm.
5.2.2 Pipelines should be laid on a leveled and tamped base made of local soil. In rocky soils, pipes should be laid on a layer of compacted sandy soil with a height of at least 150 mm,in silty, peaty and other soft soils - on an artificial foundation. The pipeline must be laid with a slope of at least 0.01 from the house.
5.2.3 Inspection wells, round or square in plan, with a tray and walls made of solid clay bricks, monolithic concrete, prefabricated reinforced concrete rings or thermoplastics, should be arranged in the places of pipeline bends. When the depth of the wells is up to 0.8 m, their diameter or each dimension in the plan must be at least 0.7 m, with a greater depth - 1.0 m. The wells must be covered with a hatch with covers.
5.2.4 When laying outlets and pipelines above the freezing depth, they should be insulated. At the same time, it is necessary to protect the insulation from the accumulation of water in it. The depth of pipelines from the ground surface to the top of the pipe in places where vehicles can pass should be at least 0.7 m, in other places - 0.5 m.
5.2.5 When designing a sewerage system, it is necessary to completely exclude the possibility of pollution by wastewater (from underground filtration facilities or due to pipeline leaks) of aquifers used for drinking water supply.
5.3 Outdoor networkautonomous sewerage system
5.3.1 An autonomous sewerage system should ensure the collection of wastewater from the outlet from the house, their diversion to facilities for treatment and discharge into the ground or into a surface water body (system with wastewater treatment) or to a facility for collection, storage and removal (system without treatment Wastewater).
5.3.2 The choice of the scheme of an autonomous system is made by the customer. When choosing a scheme, it is recommended to take into account the restrictions given in the subsequent paragraphs of this section of this Code of Practice.
5.3.3 Wastewater treatment systems
5.3.3.1 Preliminary wastewater treatment should be carried out in a septic tank. The septic tank is also designed to accumulate solid sediments, which must be removed periodically. At a low level of groundwater, single-chamber septic tanks are used, at a high level - two-chamber.
5.3.3.2 Treatment facilities used in autonomous sewage systems are subdivided according to the method of wastewater treatment (biological, physical-chemical and biological-chemical wastewater into a surface water body).
When choosing a treatment scheme, ground conditions, groundwater level, climatic conditions of the construction area, as well as the size of the adjacent area and the presence of a reservoir - a wastewater receiver, should be taken into account.
5.3.4 Systems with the discharge of treated wastewater into the ground
5.3.4.1 In cases where the construction site is of sufficient size and is located on soils with filtering properties, it is recommended to use systems with wastewater disposal into the ground. Soils with filtering properties should include sandy, sandy loam and light loamy soils with a filtration coefficient of at least 0.1 m / day. In rural areas, wastewater disposal into absorbing soil can be used for seasonal subsurface irrigation of crops grown on the site.
5.3.4.2 Drainage of wastewater into the ground is recommended to be carried out:
in sandy and sandy loam soils - through a filter well or through an underground filtration field after preliminary treatment in septic tanks; at the same time, the groundwater level when constructing filtering wells should not be higher than 3 m from the earth's surface, and when arranging underground filtration fields - not higher than 1.5 m from the earth's surface;
in loamy soils - using filter cartridges after preliminary cleaning in septic tanks; at the same time, the groundwater level should be no higher than 1.5 m from the earth's surface.
5.3.5 Systems with the discharge of treated wastewater into surface water bodies
5.3.5.1 Discharge of treated wastewater into a surface water body is recommended to be used with watertight or weakly filtering soils on the site and in the presence of a body of water that can be used for this purpose. In such systems, waste water purified in septic tanks, after mechanical treatment on sand and gravel filters, in filter trenches or in treatment plants of factory production, is discharged into a reservoir by a gravity pipeline or collected in a storage tank and pumped into a reservoir. In areas with a design winter outside air temperature of up to minus 20 ° C, it is possible to use a purification system in natural conditions.
5.3.5.2 It should be possible to decontaminate treated wastewater using chlorine cartridges placed in the flow.
5.3.5.3 Discharge of treated wastewater into surface water bodies should be carried out in compliance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.5.980.
5.3.5.4 At the place where treated wastewater is discharged into the reservoir, measures should be taken topreventing erosion of the banks and the bottom by damping the flow rate, for example, by strengthening the soil with stone backfill or concrete slabs.
5.3.6 Wastewater storage tanks
5.3.6.1 Wastewater storage tanks are recommended to be designed in the form of wells with the highest possible wastewater inlet to increase the used storage volume. To be able to take effluents by a sewage machine, the depth of the bottom of the storage tank from the ground surface should not exceed 3 m. The working volume of the storage tank must not be less than the capacity of the sewage tank. If it is necessary to increase the volume of the storage device, the device of several connected containers is provided.
5.3.6.2 The storage tank is made of prefabricated reinforced concrete rings, monolithic concrete or solid clay bricks. The reservoir must be equipped with internal and external (in the presence of groundwater) waterproofing, providing a filtration flow rate of no more than 3 l / (m 2× days). The drive is supplied with an insulated cover. It is advisable to equip the storage tank with a float level switch.
A ventilation riser with a diameter of at least 100 mm should be installed on the storage ceiling, bringing it at least 700 mm above the planned ground level.
5.3.6.3 The inner surfaces of the storage device should be periodically washed with a jet of water.
5.3.7 Wastewater pumping
5.3.7.1 Pumping of waste water is provided for:
the need to place treatment facilities in the embankment due to high groundwater;
the impossibility of draining wastewater for cleaning by gravity due to the difficult terrain;
the need to pump treated wastewater to a remote reservoir or in difficult terrain.
5.3.7.2 Pumping waste water for filtration into the ground should be carried out after the septic tank. In this case, submersible pumps are used, installed at the bottom of the receiving tank. The pumps must be automated.
5.4 Ridges
5.4.1 In sewage systems using backlash closets or dry closets, cesspools should be arranged for the accumulation and subsequent removal of feces. The cesspool is made in the form of an underground tank made of concrete, reinforced concrete or brick. The overlap of the cesspool, located outside the outer fence of the house, is insulated. A hatch with an insulated cover is located on the ceiling.
5.4.2 A ventilation duct with a cross-section of at least 130 should be provided from the cesspool´ 130 mm, the lower end of which is 200 mm above the end of the fan pipe, and the upper end is 0.5 m above the roof.
5.4.3 The inner surface of a cesspool made of bricks must be protected with cement plaster.
5.4.4 The cesspool should be provided with the possibility of accessing a sewage truck.
SNiP 31-02 imposes requirements on the heating system of a house:
on the use (in the absence of centralized heat supply) as sources of heat energy, operating on gas or liquid fuel, automated heat generators of full factory readiness;
to the placement and installation of individual heat generators in the house;
to ensure fire safety and explosion safety in the premises of the house during the operation of heat generators.
6.1 General
6.1.1 The heat supply should provide heating and hot water supply to the house by connecting its devices to a centralized system, and in its absence or in cases where it is provided for in the design assignment, by arranging an autonomous system from an individual heat supply source (heat generator). The heating system of the house can be connected to the heating systems of outbuildings located on the house plot.
6.1.2 When connecting a house to a centralized source of heat supply in houses, individual heating points should be equipped in accordance with SNiP 2.04.07 and SP 41-101 with connection to the heating network according to an independent scheme. If the temperature and pressure of the coolant in the heating system and in the heating and ventilation system of the house match, they can be connected to the heating network according to a dependent scheme. The heating network in the local area must be available for repair.
6.1.3 The required performance of the heat generator must be determined in such a way that the amount of heat generated entering the heating system (and, if necessary, also the ventilation system) is sufficient to maintain the optimal (comfortable) air parameters in the house at the design parameters of the outside air. , and the amount of heat entering the hot water supply system is sufficient to maintain the specified hot water temperature at the maximum design load on this system. At the same time, the total power of heat generators located in a house or an annex should not exceed 360 kW. Heat generator powerthe moat located in a freestanding building is not limited.
Note - The heat output of the fireplace is not included in the rated output of the heat generators.
6.1.4 When designing heat supply sources, it is recommended to be guided by.
6.2 Heat generators
6.2.1 As an individual source of heat supply in a house, heat generators on gas, liquid or solid fuels, electric heating installations, and stoves can be used. In addition to stationary heat generators, it is recommended to provide heat pump installations, heat recovery units, solar collectors and other equipment using renewable energy sources. When choosing the type of heat generator, it is recommended to take into account the cost of various types of fuel in the construction area.
6.2.2 Automated equipment of full factory readiness with a maximum temperature of the coolant - water up to 95 ° C and a pressure of up to 1.0 MPa, with a certificate of conformity - should be used as heat generators.
6.2.3 For use in a single-family house, heat generators should be used, the operation of which is possible without permanent maintenance personnel.
6.2.4 The technical condition of the installed heat generator should be monitored annually with the involvement of a specialized organization that has the right to issue permits (certificates of conformity) for its further use.
6.3 Placement of the heat generator and fuel storage
6.3.1 The heat generator, as a rule, should be located in a separate room. It is allowed to place a heating heat generator with a capacity of up to 60 kW in the kitchen.
6.3.2 The room for placing the heat generator should be located on the ground floor, in the basement or basement of the house. Placing a heat generator on any energy carrier above the 1st floor is not recommended, except for heat generators located on the roof of the house.
6.3.3 The height of the heat generator room (from floor to ceiling) should be at least 2.2 m. The width of the free passage in the room should be taken taking into account the requirements for the operation and repair of equipment, but not less than 0.7 m.
6.3.4 The structures of walls and ceilings enclosing the heat generator room must have such sound insulation capacity,so that the sound pressure level in adjacent rooms with the equipment running does not exceed 34 dBA.
6.3.5 The floor of the heat generator room must have waterproofing, designed for a water fill height of up to 10 cm.
6.3.6 Walls made of combustible materials at the place where the heat generator is installed with a maximum surface heating temperature of more than 120 ° C should be insulated with non-combustible materials, for example, with a layer of plaster at least 15 mm thick or roofing steel over an asbestos sheet with a thickness of at least 3 mm. The specified insulation should protrude beyond the dimensions of the heat generator by at least 10 cm on each side of it and at least 50 cm above it.
For a heat generator with a maximum surface temperature of up to 120 ° C inclusive, walls made of combustible materials may not be protected.
6.3.7 The heat generator must be installed at a distance of at least 20 mm from a wall made of non-combustible materials, at least 30 mm from a wall made of combustible materials plastered or lined with non-combustible materials and at least 100 mm from a wall made of combustible materials.
6.3.8 In the room of the heat generator operating on liquid or gaseous fuel, as well as in the rooms where such fuel is stored, there must be glazed window openings at the rate of at least 0.03 m 2 per 1 m 3 of the room volume.
The dimensions of the doorways of the heat generator room must ensure unhindered replacement of equipment.
6.3.9 A solid fuel warehouse located in a separate building must be located at a distance of at least 6 m from residential buildings.
When arranging such a warehouse in an attached or built-in room of a residential building, these rooms should have an exit directly outside.
6.3.10 The supply container for liquid fuel, located in the heat generator room, must have a volume of no more than 50 liters.
6.3.11 Storage of liquid fuel and compressed gas in the adjacent area should be provided in a separate building made of non-combustible materials or in buried tanks. The distance to other buildings should be at least 10 m. The storage capacity should be no more than 5 m 3.
6.3.12 Gas and liquid fuel pipelines in the heat generator room should be laid openly, without crossing ventilation grilles, window and door openings. Access for inspection and repair must be provided along their entire length.
6.4 Water treatment
6.4.1 The quality of the water used in the home heating system must meet the requirementsrequirements contained in the technical documentation of the manufacturer of the heat generator. If such requirements are not specified, then water with the following quality indicators should be used:
Total hardness - no more than 3.0 mg-eq / kg;
Dissolved oxygen - no more than 0.1 mg / kg;
PH - within 7.0 - 9.5.
It is allowed not to provide for installationwater treatment for the delivery of treated water from other installations.
6.4.2 To prevent freezing of the heating system during a forced interruption in its operation, it is recommended to add non-freezing components (antifreezes) to the coolant. The substances used must have hygienic certificates issued by the authorities of sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
6.5 Security
6.5.1 Factory-made heat generators must be installed in compliance with the safety requirements and precautions specified in the manufacturer's instructions.
SNiP 31-02 makes the following requirements:
to the temperature of the indoor air in the premises of the house during the heating period with the calculated parameters of the outdoor air provided by the heating system;
to the maximum surface temperature of accessible parts of heating devices and pipelines, to the temperature of hot air in the outlets of air heating devices, as well as to the temperature of water in the hot water supply system;
to provide heating and hot water supply systems with automatic or manual control devices, as well as heat energy and water metering devices;
to the device and placement of fireplaces;
to the availability of equipment, fittings and devices of the heating system for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement;
to the device and insulation of chimneys.
7.1 General requirements
7.1.1 Heating systems should distribute heat in such a way that the necessary microclimate parameters are provided in all living rooms and other rooms where people can constantly be.
7.1.2 During the cold period of the year, the temperature of the heated premises, when they are temporarily not used, is allowed to be at least 12 ° C, ensuring the restoration of the normalized temperature by the beginning of the use of the premises.
7.1.3 The design of the heating system of the house should be carried out taking into account the need to ensure uniform heating of the air in the premises, as well as the hydraulic and thermal stability of the heat supply system. At the same time, measures should be provided to ensure fire safety and operational reliability of the system.
7.1.4 Water (hot water heating) or air (air heating) can be used as a heat carrier in the heating system. The use of air heating systems is effective when forced (mechanical) ventilation is used.
7.1.6 Provision should be made for manual or automatic regulation of heating and hot water supply systems at home.
7.1.7 Systems must be designed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05, installed and tested in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01.
7.2 Hot water heating systems
7.2.1 For water heating of a single-family house, a system with natural or artificial stimulation of the circulation of the heat carrier (water) can be used. The water heating system includes a heat generator (boiler), pipelines, an expansion tank, heating devices, shut-off and control valves and air vents. In a system with artificial induction, pumping units are provided.
When choosing a hot water heating system, it should be borne in mind that in systems with natural impulse heat generators (boilers) are recommended to be located below the heating devices and that when using such systems, the distance of the heating devices from the heat generator should not exceed 30 m.
- "beam" scheme with centrally located supply and return collectors;
A passing two-pipe scheme with wiring around the perimeter of the house.
7.2.3 The temperature of the coolant in the supply pipeline, including in systems with pipes made of polymeric materials, should not exceed 90 ° С.
The difference in hydraulic resistance in the branches of the hot water heating pipeline should not differ by more than 25% from the average value.
7.2.4 The temperature of the open surface of a hot water radiator, unless measures are taken to prevent accidental contact with a person, should not exceed 70 ° C.
7.2.5 Piping
7.2.5.1 Pipelines should be assembled from pipes and fittings made of materials that can withstand the effects of operating temperatures and pressures in the heat supply system for a service life of at least 25 years.
When using pipes made of polymer materials, it is recommended to be guided by the provisions of SP 41-102.
7.2.5.2 It is recommended to lay pipelines of heating systems hidden (in grooves, baseboards, shafts and channels). Open laying is permissible only for metal pipelines, since pipes made of polymeric materials should not be laid openly in places where mechanical damage and direct exposure to ultraviolet rays are possible.
When laying pipelines hidden, hatches should be provided at the locations of dismountable joints and fittings.
7.2.5.3 In the heating pipelines, devices for their emptying should be provided. In underfloor heating systems and with hidden laying of pipelines in the floor structure, it is allowed to provide for the emptying of individual sections of the systems by blowing them with compressed air.
Pipelines must be laid with a slope of at least 0.002. Separate sections of pipelines with a water speed in them of at least 0.25 m / s, if necessary, may be laid without a slope.
7.2.5.4 Pipelines at the intersection of ceilings, internal walls and partitions should be laid in sleeves. The edges of the sleeves should be flush with the surfaces of walls, partitions and ceilings, but 30 mm above the surface of the clean floor.
Gaps and holes in the places where pipelines pass through the structure of the house should be sealed with sealant.
7.2.5.5 Removal of air from heating systems should be provided at the upper points of pipelines, including at heating devices, through flow-through air collectors or air vents. The use of non-flowing air collectors is permissible when the speed of water movement in the pipeline is less than 0.1 m / s.
7.2.5.6 On pipelines laid in unheated and heated rooms, as well as on pipelines laid hidden in the external enclosing structures of the house,to reduce heat losses in the upper zone (above 1.2 m), thermal insulation should be provided.
7.2.5.7 Heat-insulating coatings on pipes should be resistant to the operating temperatures of the system, as well as moisture and mold.
For thermal insulation of pipelines, materials can be used without restricting fire safety indicators, except for the intersection of fire barriers.
7.2.6 Expansion tanks
7.2.6.1 To compensate for thermal expansion of the coolant in independent heating systems, expansion tanks should be provided.
7.2.6.2 In a hot water heating system with artificial induction of the circulation of the heat carrier, open or closed expansion tanks located in the heat generator room can be used. It is recommended to use expansion vessels of the diaphragm type with thermal insulation.
In a naturally driven system, it is recommended to provide an open expansion vessel above the main riser of the heating system.
7.2.6.3 The required tank capacity is set depending on the volume of the coolant in the heating system.
7.2.7 Heating devices
7.2.7.1 Heating devices should be placed, as a rule, under skylights in places accessible for inspection, repair and cleaning. Heating devices should not be placed in vestibules with external doors.
7.2.7.2 Radiators or convectors made of steel, copper, cast iron, aluminum, as well as combined (made of different metals) can be used as heating devices.
7.2.7.3 For water underfloor heating, plastic pipes, including metal-plastic pipes, laid in the floor structure should be used. The design average temperature of the floor surface and the design limiting temperature of the floor surface along the pipe axes should be taken in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05. Compliance of the actual temperature of the floor surface with the specified requirements at a given temperature of the coolant in the pipes should be achieved by laying a layer in the floor structuree of thermal insulation, the required thickness of which is determined by calculation.
7.2.7.4 In bath and shower rooms, heated towel rails that are not connected to the hot water supply system should be connected to the heating system.
7.2.8 Shut-off and control valves
7.2.8.1 Stop valves should be provided for:
To disconnect and drain water and air from individual rings and branches of the heating system;
To turn off part or all of the heating devices in rooms in which heating is used intermittently or partially.
7.2.8.2 Control valves for heating devices of one-pipe heating systems should be adopted with a minimum hydraulic resistance; for devices of two-pipe systems - with increased resistance.
7.2.8.3 It is recommended to use ball valves as shut-off valves.
7.2.9 Pumping units
7.2.9.1 In an autonomous heat supply system with a separate water heater for hot water supply, it is recommended to install:
Primary circuit pump for supplying water from the heat generator to the heating system and to the hot water supply heater;
Hot water circulation pump.
7.2.9.2 It is recommended to provide a backup circulation pump in the heating and hot water supply system, which should be used in case of failure of the main pump.
In the event of a power outage during the heating season, it is recommended to provide a bypass line at the heat generator, which provides a minimum circulation of the coolant to reduce the likelihood of freezing the system.
7.2.9.3 For heating systems and hot water supply of single-family houses, it is recommended to use pumping units with a capacity of 0.5 to 3.0 m 3 / h with a pressure of 5 to 30 kPa.
7.3 Air heating
7.3.1 The air heating system includes an air intake device, a supply fan, a device for cleaning the supply air, an air heater, an air duct system with supply openings in ventilated areas of the house, an exhaust fan. The air heating system must be combinedwith a mechanical ventilation system for the premises of the house, connected (figure) or not connected (figure) to the heat supply system.
Figure 7.1 - Air heating system with forced air circulation combined with a mechanical ventilation system connected to the heat supply system
Figure 7.2 - Air heating system with forced air circulation combined with a mechanical ventilation system not connected to the heat supply system
7.3.2 When installing air heating systems, it is allowed to provide for air recirculation in the living rooms of the house.
Recirculated air intake devices should not be installed in kitchens, bathrooms and toilets.
Cleaning of recirculated air from dust should be provided.
7.3.3 In an air heating system combined with ventilation, if it is economically feasible, it is necessary to provide for the recovery of heat from the exhaust air (Figure).
Figure 7.3 - Connecting the heat recovery unit to the air heating chamber
7.3.4 Openings for supplying warm air to living quarters should be equipped with adjustable grilles. All branches of the supply air ducts that are not equipped with adjustable grilles must be equipped with adjustable dampers with a device for indicating the position of the damper.
Heat recovery fans and all condensate lines must be installed in a room with a positive air temperature.
7.3.5 The supply air flow rate and its temperature during air heating are calculated from the conditions for compensating for heat losses in rooms and heat consumption for ventilation of all rooms and for exfiltration of air through enclosing structures.
7.3.6 The temperature of the supply air entering the living quarters should not exceed 70 ° С at the air distribution openings.
7.3.7 Air ducts of the heating system should be arranged in accordance with the provisions of a section of this Code of Practice.
7.3.8 For the design, selection of equipment, installation and maintenance of the air heating system, it is recommended to involve organizations with relevant experience.
7.4 Electric heating
7.4.1 Electric heating is provided at the request of the customer as main or backup.
7.4.2 For electric heating use:
Electric heating devices of radiation heating with a temperature of the radiating surface not exceeding 150 ° С, located in the upper zone of the room at a height not lower than 2.2 m;
Electric heaters for convective heating of air with a heating element temperature not higher than 100 ° С;
Electric floor heating devices with automatic temperature control.
7.5 Fireplace
7.5.1 The calculated value of the maximum heating temperature of the external surfaces of the fireplace should be taken: on the upper horizontal surface 45 ° С, on vertical and inclined walls 75 ° С. Allowed in some sections of vertical walls with an area of no more than 15% of their total area, the temperature is 90 ° C.
7.5.2 The chimney serving the fireplace must not serve other heating devices.
7.5.3 The distance from the rear and side walls of the fireplace to structures made of combustible materials of walls and partitions should not exceed the values shown in the figure.
7.5.4 The thickness of the refractory brick lining of the walls must be at least 50 mm, and the thickness of the hearth lining must be at least 25 mm.
7.5.5 The thickness of the brick walls of the fireplace, including the thickness of the internal cladding, must be at least 190 mm, the thickness of the upper ceiling of the fireplace made of bricks must be at least 250 mm.
7.5.6 The dimensions of the fireplace insert (width and depth) must be at least 300´ 300 mm.
7.5.7 The fireplace insert should be closed with a heat-resistant glass door.
7.5.8 Fireplaces from the inside must be lined (lined) with refractories: brick in accordance with GOST 8426, ceramic materials, concrete or metal (figure).
7.5.9 On the floor in front of the fireplace, there should be a pre-furnace platform made of non-combustible materials, not less than 400 mm from the front wall of the fireplace, and on the sides, the border of the platform should be at least 150 mm from the furnace hole on each side.
7.5.10 The side walls of the smoke collector connecting the fireplace insert with the chimney must be made with an inclination of at least 45 ° to the horizontal.
7.6 Chimneys and chimneys
7.6.1 Discharge of flue gases from heat generators operating on fuel oil, gas and solid fuel should be provided through chimneys into a chimney or chimney. On the surface of the chimneys, the temperature should not exceed 120 ° C, on the surface of the chimneys - 70 ° C. Chimneys and flues must be designed for temperatures up to 600 ° C for solid fuels and up to 300 ° C for liquid and gas fuels and undergo special tests for suitability for use.
7.6.2 The walls of chimneys of any design must be airtight (at least class II according to SNiP 2.04.05) and do not let smoke and flame out of the chimney. To prevent the penetration of water and condensation outside the pipe, all seams and joints on the pipe must be carefully sealed.
7.6.3 Internal lining of chimneys (figure) must be resistant to softening and cracking.
7.6.4 The walls of chimneys and chimneys of a fireplace, stove and heat generator must be laid out of red solid ceramic bricks or heat-resistant concrete blocks and have a thickness of at least 120 mm. It is allowed to use chimneys and flues made of asbestos-cement pipes (up to 500 ° C), as well as stainless steel pipes with mineral wool insulation.
7.6.5 The top of the chimney (head) is recommended to be equipped with a cornice (visor) from the samereinforced concrete, masonry or metal according to the pattern. The device of umbrellas, deflectors and other nozzles on chimneys is not recommended.
7.6.6 The distance from the outer surface of brick pipes or concrete chimneys to rafter beams, battens and other parts of the frame and roof made of combustible materials must be at least 50 mm clear (figure).
7.6.7 Height of the chimney mouth from the roomheat generators must be at least 0.5 m above the roof (figure).
7.6.8 For installation of heat-insulating and noise-protective coatings on pipes, the temperature of the heat carriers in which exceeds 120 ° C, non-combustible materials must be used. It is allowed to use non-combustible materials that do not decompose, ignite and do not smolder under the conditions of the maximum coolant temperature possible under operating conditions.
Figure 7.4 - Gaps between the fireplace and the frame made of combustible materials
Figure 7.5 - Fireplace lining
Note - There must be a distance of at least 150 mm between the opening of the cleaning hatch and the combustible material of the house structures.
Figure 7.6 - Chimney lining
Drawing 7.7 - Chimney head
Figure 7.8 - Distance from chimney to building structures
Figure 7.9 - Minimum chimney height
SNiP 31-02 sets requirements for the cleanliness of air in the premises of the house and the uniformity of air flow into the premises, provided by the ventilation system, as well as the parameters of the microclimate of the premises, provided in the warm season by the air conditioning system.
A single-family house must also meet the requirements in terms of:
used ventilation systems;
the performance of ventilation systems at home, the volume of air removed and the rate of air exchange in the premises;
placement of devices for removing polluted air from the premises of the house;
provision of ventilation and air conditioning systems with means of automatic or manual regulation and metering devices for heat and electric energy;
availability of equipment, fittings and devices for ventilation and air conditioning systems for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
8.1 General requirements
8.1.1 The premises of the house must be provided with ventilation. The system is envisagedventilation either with natural motivation, or with mechanical motivation, or combined (with natural inflow and mechanical motivation to remove air).
8.1.2 The ventilation system must ensure the standard value of air exchange, but at the same time, vacuum inside the house, which negatively affects the operation of smoke removal from heat generators, is not allowed.
8.1.3 The design parameters of the outside air for the design of ventilation and air conditioning systems should be taken in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05 and SNiP 23-01.
With increased requirements for the reliability of ensuring the parameters of the microclimate of the premises, the calculated parameters of the outdoor climate can be specified in local hydrometeorological centers.
8.1.4 The estimated value of air exchange in the premises of the house is recommended to be taken according to the table.
8.1.5 Air exchange in the house should be organized in such a way as to prevent the spread (overflow) of harmful substances and unpleasant odors from one room to another.
8.1.6 To protect against the entry of animals or insects, air sampling openings,including ventilation openings in the outer walls of underground floors and attics, should be equipped with metal nets or gratings.
Table 8.1
|
Air exchange rate, m 3 / h, not less |
||
|
Constantly |
In maintenance mode |
|
|
Bedroom, common, children's room |
||
|
Library, cabinet |
||
|
Pantry, linen, dressing room |
||
|
Gym, billiard room |
||
|
Laundry, ironing, drying |
||
|
Kitchen with electric stove |
||
|
Kitchen with gas hob |
80 for 1 hotplate |
|
|
Heat generating |
By calculation, but not less than 60 |
|
|
Bathroom, shower room, restroom |
||
|
Sauna |
5 for 1 person |
|
|
Pool |
||
|
Garage |
||
|
Waste collection chamber |
||
In areas of sandstorms and intense dust and sand transport, dust and sand settling chambers should be provided behind the air intakes.
8.2 Ventilationwith a natural urge
8.2.1 In a house equipped with a natural ventilation system, the supply of air is provided through adjustable opening elements of the window (transoms, vents or slots) or valves built into the outer walls, which must be located at a height of at least 1.5 m from the floor. and the removal of air from the premises - through the ventilation ducts in the inner walls of the house. The exhaust openings of these ducts should be located under the ceiling of the premises.
8.2.2 In the living rooms of the house, exhaust openings of ventilation ducts may not be provided. In this case, ventilation of these rooms should be provided through exhaust openings in kitchens, bathrooms and toilets.
8.2.3 Ventilation of built-in public premises should be separate from residential premises.
8.3 Ventilationmechanical
8.3.1 In a house equipped with mechanical ventilation, supply ventilation ducts must ensure the flow of outside air through the inlet openings of the air ducts. The air supply is provided by a supply fan, to which outside air enters through the air intake device. Removal of air from the premises should be provided by an exhaust fan installed in the attic. Outside air in such systems, before entering the air ducts, passes through a filter system and is heated to a temperature that the inhabitants of the house consider comfortable.
8.3.2 Outside supply air should be supplied:
a) in each living room;
b) any room on a floor that does not have living rooms;
c) in common rooms, gym, billiard room, swimming pool.
To distribute the supply air to other rooms, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of air overflow from the room with the inflow through leaks (cracks) in the doors or overflowing valves to other rooms with exhaust ventilation grilles.
8.3.3 A mechanically induced ventilation system is generally designed to function during the heating season. During the rest of the year, the premises can be ventilated through the windows.
In rooms without windows, it is recommended to install additional mechanical ventilation devices (exhaust fans), which must work both during the heating season and during the rest of the year. An additional fan, if necessary, can also be installed in a room with a window.
8.3.4 In cases where the mechanical ventilation system is combined with an air heating system with forced air circulation (figure), the outside air must enter the recirculated air duct of the air heating system.
8.3.5 The mechanical ventilation system should provide for manual or automatic regulation.
8.3.6 For mechanical ventilation, adjustable air diffusers should be used, for example, adjustable guiding grilles or shades.
8.3.7 The distance from the air intake openings of the supply ventilation to the windows, doors and hatches of the house must be at least 900 mm.
8.3.8 The bottom of the opening for air intake devices should be located at a height of more than 0.5 m from the level of stable snow cover, but not lower than 1.5 m from the ground level.
8.3.9 Ventilation equipment should be available for inspection, repair and cleaning.
8.3.10 Installation of equipment for heating and air conditioning, including refrigeration equipment and equipment for cleaning and air supply, should be carried out in accordance with the factory instructions.
8.4 Ventilation of the heat generator room
8.4.1 In cases where a heat generator is installed in the house with air intake for fuel combustion from the premises of the house, the ventilation system must provide the heat generator room with additional supply air.
8.4.2 In the room of a heat generator with a capacity of more than 30 kW, combustion air must be supplied only from outside.
8.4.3 Rooms in which heat generators are installed must have exhaust ventilation grilles. For additional air flow, a grill or a gap between the door and the floor with a free cross-section of at least 0.02 m 2 should be provided at the bottom of the door.
8.5 Air ducts
8.5.1 All ventilation ducts, their connecting elements, control valves and other devices must be made of non-combustible materials. The use of flammable materials is permissible only:
In air duct systems in which the air temperature does not exceed 120 ° C;
In horizontal floor branches of air ducts.
8.5.2 The estimated service life of air ducts should be taken at least 25 years.
Duct materials used in locations where they may be exposed to excessive moisture should:
a) do not lose strength when wet;
b) be resistant to corrosion.
8.5.3 It is not allowed to use asbestos-containing materials and products in the supply or recirculation ventilation and air conditioning systems.
8.5.4 Internal and external coatings and insulation, as well as the adhesives used in air ducts and other elements of ventilation systems must be made of non-combustible materials, if during operation the temperature of their surface can exceed 120 ° C.
8.5.5 Air ducts should be reliably supported by metal hangers, brackets, lugs or brackets. All branches and branches of air ducts must be supported,excluding deflections of air duct elements, violation of their integrity and tightness. Air ducts should be free of openings other than those required for normal operation and maintenance of the system.
8.5.6 When laying air ducts with a temperature of the transported air below 120 ° C, it is allowed to lay air ducts close to a wooden building structure, while it is allowed to use wooden brackets.
8.5.7 To ensure the tightness of the air ducts along their entire length, all connections and joints of the air ducts must be sealed to ensure the density of the air ducts not lower than class H according to SNiP 2.04.05.
SNiP 31-02 sets requirements for the placement of gas pipeline inlets into the house and the placement of gas cylinders in the premises of the house, as well as for the maximum pressure in the internal gas pipeline of the house. The gas supply system must meet the requirements of fire safety and explosion safety during operation.
9.1 General requirements
9.1.1 Gas-consuming equipment for the heating system, hot water supply and ventilation of the house, as well as gas stoves for cooking, are connected to the centralized gas supply network. In the absence of a centralized gas supply, an autonomous gas supply system is created on the basis of individual cylinder installations or liquefied gas tanks, providing gas fuel to all the above-mentioned systems of the house or a part of them.
9.1.2 When using gas only for cooking, it is recommended to arrange gas supply from individual cylinder installations, consisting of one or two cylinders. In other cases, the use of individual tank installations of liquefied gas is recommended.
9.1.3 When calculating the required volume of gas consumption, it is recommended to use the following average daily gas consumption for a single-family house:
Cooking on a gas stove - 0.5 m 3 / day;
Hot water supply using a gas flowing water heater - 0.5 m 3 / day;
Heating using a domestic gas heating apparatus with a water circuit (for the conditions of the Moscow region) - from 7 to 12 m 3 / day.
9.1.4 The design gas pressure in the internal gas pipeline of the house should be taken no more than 0.003 MPa.
9.1.5 When designing and arranging a gas supply system for a house, one should be guided by SNiP 2.04.08, SNiP 3.05.02 and "Safety Rules in the Gas Industry".
9.2 Entering the house when connected to the centralized gas supply network
9.2.1 The height of the laying of aboveground gas pipelines in the adjacent area outside the passage of vehicles and the passage of people should be at least 0.35 m from the ground to the bottom of the pipe.
9.2.2 The supplying low-pressure gas pipeline directly at the entrance to the house must be equipped with a disconnecting device at a height of no more than 1.8 m from the ground surface (figure).
Figure 9.1 - Gas inlet
9.2.3 The distance between the gas pipeline and pipelines of other communications should be taken taking into account the possibility of installation, inspection and repair of each pipeline.
9.3 Entering the house when arranging an autonomous gas supply system
9.3.1 Outside the house, gas cylinders should be placed in a metal cabinet near the outer wall of the house. The cabinet must be installed on a base made of non-combustible material, the top of which shouldwives be at least 100 mm above the planned ground level. The distance from the cabinet to the doors and windows of the first floor must be at least 0.5 m, from the windows and doors of the basement and basement rooms, cellar, well, cesspool - at least 3.0 m. directly to the room where the gas equipment is located.
9.3.2 An individual liquefied gas tank installation is recommended to be installed directly into the ground at such a depth that the distance from the ground surface to the top of the tank is at least 0.6 m in areas with seasonal soil freezing and at least 0.2 m in areas without soil freezing ... If the water table is high, the tanks should be waterproofed and installed on a solid foundation. It is recommended to lay the low pressure gas pipeline from the tank to the house underground.
9.4 Internal gas line
9.4.1 The laying of the domestic gas pipeline, as a rule, must be open. Hidden laying of gas pipelines (except for liquefied gas pipelines) is allowed in the grooves of the walls, which are closed by easily removable shields with holes for ventilation.
9.4.2 The gas pipeline at the intersection of building structures should be laid in cases. The end of the case should protrude at least 3 cm above the floor. The annular gap between the case and the gas pipeline should be at least 5 mm. The space between the gas pipeline and the case must be sealed with elastic materials.
9.4.3 The internal gas pipeline must be painted with waterproof paints and varnishes.
9.4.4 Gas meters should be placed in the room where the heat generator or gas stoves are located.
9.4.5 Installation of disconnecting devices on gas pipelines should be provided in front of the meter and gas consuming devices.
9.4.6 Cylinders of compressed or liquefied gas placed inside the house should be installed only in rooms where gas consuming devices are located.
Installation of cylinders is not allowed in basements and basements, rooms without natural light and ventilation.
9.4.7 Installation of household gas stoves
9.4.7.1 The distance between the edge of the top of the slab and the wall made of non-combustible materials must be at least 50 mm.
9.4.7.2 In a kitchen with walls made of combustible materials, the wall at which the stove is installed must have a fire-retardant coating, for example, in the form of a layer of plaster or a sheet of roofing steel over a sheet of asbestos (unless another technical solution is provided in the factory instructions for installing the stove). The specified covering should be located from the floor to a height of at least 800 mm above the surface of the slab and protrude beyond the slab on both sides by at least 100 mm. In this case, the distance between the edge of the top of the slab and the wall must be at least 100 mm.
SNiP 31-02 imposes requirements on the power supply system of the house in terms of compliance with its "Rules for Electrical Installations" (PUE) and state standards for electrical installations, as well as for the equipment of electrical installations with residual current devices (RCDs), for the device and placement of electrical wiring and for the presence of devices for metering of electricity consumption.
10.1 Electrical wiring, including the wiring of the network, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the PUE and this Code of Rules.
10.2 The power supply of a residential building should be carried out from networks with a voltage of 380/220 V with a grounding systemTN- C- S.
Internal circuits must be made with separate zero protective and zero working (neutral) conductors.
10.3 The design load is determined by the customer and is not limited if not established by local authorities.
10.4 When limiting the possibilities of power supply, the calculated load of electrical receivers should be taken at least:
- 5.5 kW - for a house without electric stoves;
- 8.8 kW - for a house with electric stoves.
Moreover, if the total area of the house exceeds 60 m 2, the design load must be increased by 1% for each additional m 2.
With the permission of the energy supplying organization, it is allowed to use electricity with a voltage of more than 0.4 kV.
10.5 The following types of electrical wiring can be used in the premises:
- open electrical wiring laid in electrical skirting boards, boxes, on trays and on building structures;
- hidden electrical wiring carried out in walls and ceilings at any height, including in the voids of building structures made of non-combustible or combustible materials of groups G1, G2 and G3.
Electrical wiring in the premises of residential buildings is carried out with wires and cables with copper conductors.
Cables and wires in protective sheaths may be passed through building structures made of non-combustible or combustible materials of groups G1, G2 and G3, without the use of bushings and tubes.
10.6 Places of connections and branches of wires and cables should not be subjected to mechanical stress.
In the places of connections and branches, the conductors of wires and cables must have insulation equivalent to the insulation of the conductors of whole places of these wires and cables.
10.7 Concealed wires must have a length of at least 50 mm at the junction points in the branch boxes and at the points of connection to luminaires, switches and sockets. Concealed devices must be enclosed in boxes. With hidden wiring, branch boxes must be recessed into building elements of buildings, flush with the finished outer surface. Wire connections when passing from a dry room to a damp room or outside a building must be made in a dry room.
10.8 The passage through the outer walls of unprotected insulated wires is carried out in pipes made of polymeric materials, which must be terminated in dry rooms with insulating bushings, and in damp rooms and when going outside - with funnels.
(informational)
1 Autonomous systems of engineering equipment for residential buildings and public buildings. Technical solutions. - M .: Trading house "Engineering equipment", GUP TsPP, 1998
2 A guide for the design of autonomous engineering systems for single-family and block houses (water supply, sewerage, heat supply and ventilation, gas supply, electricity supply). - M .: Trading house "Engineering equipment", GUP TsPP, 1997
Key words: engineering systems, residential houses, single-family houses, heating systems, cold and hot water supply, power supply, gas supply, sewerage, special systems
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ALL DOCUMENTS -> 91 BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION -> 91.040 Construction -> 91.040.30 Residential buildings
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UDC69.056.33 (083.74) Zh24
STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND UTILITY COMPLEX
(GOSSTROYROSSII)
System of regulatory documents in construction
SET OF RULES
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
ENGINEERING SYSTEMS OF ONE-APARTMENT RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
SP31-106-2002
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF UTILITY SYSTEMS
FOR SINGLE - FAMILY HOUSES
Date of introduction 2002-09-01
OKS 91.140.20
FOREWORD
1 DEVELOPED BY ANFGUP TsNS Gosstroy of Russia, JSC TsNIIpromzdaniy with the participation of AVOK and specialists of the Department of technical regulation of the Gosstroy of Russia
AGREED by the Department of State Energy Supervision and Energy Saving of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation (letter No. 32-01-07 / 33 of March 20, 2002)
INTRODUCED by the Department of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of Gosstroy of Russia
2 APPROVED for use by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia No. 7 dated 02.14.02.
3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
INTRODUCTION
This Code of Practice contains recommendations for the design and calculation of engineering systems for single-family houses. The implementation of these recommendations will ensure compliance with the mandatory requirements for the engineering systems of residential buildings, established by SNiP31-02-2001 "Single-family residential houses" and other building codes and regulations.
The set of rules contains provisions on the design and equipment of internal engineering systems: heating, ventilation and air conditioning, cold and hot water supply, sewerage, electrical equipment and lighting, gas supply. Recommendations are given on the choice of types of autonomous engineering systems and equipment used.
This Code of Practice is based on the National Housing Code of Canada (1998 and Illustrated Guide) for engineering systems.
This Code of Practice was developed by: L.S. Vasilieva, S.N. Nersesov, Cand. tech. Sciences, L.S.Eksler (FSUE CNS); V.P. Bovbel, N.A. Shishov (Gosstroy of Russia); E.O. Shilkrot, Cand. tech. Sciences, A.L. Naumov, Cand. tech. Sciences (JSC "TsNIIpromzdaniy"); Yu.A. Tabunshchikov, Dr. Sciences (ABOK).
1 AREA OF USE
This Code of Rules establishes recommendations for the design and construction of internal water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation, gas and electricity supply systems, as well as external networks and power supply, water supply and sewerage systems for single-family residential buildings under construction and renovation.
GOST 8426-75 Clay bricks for chimneys
SNiP 2.04.01-85 * Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings
SNiP 2.04.02-84 * Water supply. External networks and facilities
SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and facilities
SNiP 2.04.05-91 * Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
SNiP 2.04.07-86 * Heating networks
SNiP 2.04.08-87 * Gas supply
SNiP 3.05.01-85 Internal sanitary systems
SNiP 3.05.02-88 * Gas supply
SNiP 3.05.04-85 * External networks and water supply and sewerage facilities
SNiP 23-01-99 Construction climatology
SNiP 31-02-2001
SP 31-105-2002 Design and construction of energy-efficient single-family residential buildings with a wooden frame
SP 40-102-2000 Design and installation of pipelines for water supply and sewerage systems made of polymeric materials. General requirements
SP 41-101-95 Design of heating points
SP 41-102-98 Design and installation of pipelines for heating systems using metal-polymer pipes
SP 41-103-2000 Design of thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines
SP 41-104-2000 Design of autonomous heat supply sources
SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 Hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters
Electrical Installation Rules (PUE)
Safety rules in the gas industry
3 GENERAL PROVISIONS
3.1 The choice of the system of engineering support of the house is carried out by the developer at the stage of registration of the application and receipt of the architectural and planning assignment for the development of the project of construction or reconstruction of the house.
3.2 Engineering systems of a single-family house must be installed in accordance with the approved in the established order of the project documentation, developed in accordance with the architectural and planning assignment in compliance with the requirements of building codes of rules, as well as regulatory documents of state supervision bodies.
3.3 The designed and installed engineering systems of the house must ensure compliance with the parameters of the microclimate and thermal comfort in the house, its sanitary and epidemiological characteristics, as well as the level of safety of engineering equipment with the requirements of SNiP 31-02.
3.4 Equipment and elements of engineering systems should be designed and installed so that they do not have defects during possible movements of building structures (including due to settlement of the base).
3.5 Applied in engineering systems, devices and equipment, devices and fittings must be in full factory readiness and have factory instructions for installation and operation.
The products and materials used in the installation of systems must meet the requirements of the standards or technical conditions applicable to them.
3.6 Design and installation of systems should be carried out by organizations that have the appropriate licenses.
3.7 The installed systems should be tested in accordance with the requirements of building codes and regulations, taking into account the available factory instructions for the installed equipment.
3.8 The house should be equipped with recording or summing devices that determine:
a) the amount of heat consumption in a centralized heat supply system;
b) the amount of gas or liquid fuel consumed;
c) the amount of water consumed from cold and hot water supply systems;
d) the amount of electricity consumed by all electrical consumers.
3.9 At the request of the developer, signaling devices for light and sound alarms can be provided in the house for:
Stopping the heat generator when the protection is triggered;
Lowering the air temperature in the premises of the house below the permissible value (5 ° C);
Exceeding the permissible CO content in the indoor air of the house;
Gas contamination of the premises of heat generators.
If there is a control room, the corresponding signals must be sent to its control panel.
3.10 Equipment and elements of engineering systems, with the exception of embedded pipes or ducts, should be installed so that access is provided for inspection, maintenance, repair and cleaning.
3.11 The provisions and rules established by this Code of Rules apply to all-single-family residential buildings, regardless of their design.
Special additional requirements related to houses with load-bearing walls of frame structures are set out in SP 31-105.
4 WATER SUPPLY
SNiP 31-02 imposes requirements on single-family houses:
on the provision of drinking water from the centralized water supply network of the settlement, from an individual or collective water supply source from underground aquifers or from a reservoir at the rate of a daily consumption of at least 60 liters per person;
to the compliance of drinking water quality with hygienic standards established by the Ministry of Health of Russia;
to the availability of equipment, fittings, devices and devices of the water supply system for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
4.1 General
4.1.1 The water supply of a single-family house is carried out from a centralized or group external water supply network, and in its absence or in cases where this is provided for in the design assignment, an autonomous water supply system is arranged.
4.1.2 The water supply system of a single-family house includes:
Connected to a centralized or group external network - a branch from an external water supply network, an entrance to a house, an internal water supply or a water column;
Autonomous - water intake structure, water-lifting installation, water treatment plant, supply pipeline, entrance to the house, spare or regulating tank, internal water supply.
An autonomous hot water supply system additionally includes a hot water boiler or heat exchanger (with a closed heat supply system), equipment for maintaining the set temperature at the points of water intake, and, if necessary, circulating networks and pumps.
4.1.3 All systems of central (group) water supply for a group of single-family houses should be equipped with devices for measuring the amount of water. At the same time, cold and hot water meters should be installed in each house, and water meters or flow meters should be installed at water intake or water treatment facilities.
Water meters should be placed in a place convenient for taking readings and maintenance, in a room where the air temperature is maintained at least 5 ° C.
4.1.4 When arranging the entrance to the house, laying pipelines and hanging devices, additional requirements must be observed aimed at ensuring the integrity of building structures, preventing irrational heat losses, the formation of an unacceptable amount of condensate in the thickness of building structures during the heating period; such requirements should be established in the design assignment, taking into account the characteristics of a specific structural system of the house.
4.1.5 The water supply system of the house must ensure the supply of the required SNiP 2.04.01 amount of water to the house. It is allowed to calculate the water supply system of a single-family house for a family of three to five people based on an approximate flow rate of 0.5-1.0 m 3 / h.
4.1.6 When designing and installing a water supply system at home, the general requirements of SNiP 2.04.01, SNiP 2.04.02 and additional requirements of this Code of Rules must be observed.
4.1.7 Installation of pipelines should be carried out in compliance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01 and SNiP3.05.04, as well as additional requirements of this Code of Rules.
4.1.8 Hydraulic calculation of water supply networks, design and installation of pipelines made of polymer materials is recommended to be carried out in accordance with SP 40-102.
4.2 Water intake structure
for an autonomous water supply system
1 As a rule, groundwater should be used as an autonomous source of water supply. Preference should be given to aquifers protected from pollution by impermeable rocks.
4.2.3 Shaft well
4.2.3.1 Shaft well is preferable for use when the depth of the aquifer is not more than 30 m. It is a vertical mine with a round or square section with a diameter (side length) of at least 1.0 m. The walls of the well can be made of wood, stone, concrete or reinforced concrete. , polymeric materials.
The well is intended to accommodate a water intake device. With different versions of the adopted scheme of the water supply network, a stationary pump and a hydraulic pneumatic tank can also be placed on a special site inside the well or in an underground chamber adjacent to the shaft of the well.
4.2.3.2 Shaft well heads should be protected from contamination by surface igrut water. The top of the head must be at least 0.8 m higher than the ground level and covered with a cover. Around the well, a blind area with a width of 1-2 m with a slope from the well and a waterproof clay castle 0.5 m wide and 1.5-2 m deep should be arranged.
4.2.3.3 The bottom of the well, when receiving water through it, must be equipped with a gravel filter or a slab of porous concrete must be laid on it.
When receiving water through the walls, windows filled with a gravel filter or porous concrete should be arranged in them.
4.2.3.4 When the thickness of the aquifer is up to 3 m, shaft wells of the perfect type should be provided - with the opening of the entire thickness of the layer; with a greater thickness of the seam, imperfect wells are allowed - with the opening of the seam to a depth of at least 2 m.
4.2.4 Water supply well
4.2.4.1 Water intake wells, used mainly in cases where the depth of the aquifer exceeds 20 m, are arranged in such a way that they can accommodate a water intake filter and a submersible pump.
The design of the wellhead must exclude the possibility of penetration of surface water and contaminants into the well. The upper part of the head should protrude at least 0.5 m above the break chamber of the well.
4.2.4.3 If there is a danger of surface water penetration into the well, their drainage should be provided.
4.2.4.4 For self-flowing wells, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of organizing water drainage outside the site with the prevention of erosion of the earth's surface.
4.3 Water treatment plants
4.3.1 The quality of drinking water supplied to the house must comply with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.02. In cases where the source water does not meet these requirements, it must be purified and (or) disinfected.
4.3.2 Disinfection of water, as a rule, should be carried out in water treatment plants, including by a reagent-free method (using bactericidal irradiation).
For disinfection of water, it is allowed to use sodium hypochlorite, chlorine lime and other reagents approved by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation for use in the practice of drinking water supply.
When using bleach or other dry chlorine-containing reagents, chlorine cartridges (capsules made of porous ceramics) filled with reagents and lowered into a water receiving tank (well, tank) can be used.
4.3.3 Water purification in individual water supply systems is most often used to remove iron, salts, hardness, in some cases, to remove fluorine, manganese and other elements, as well as to reduce total mineralization.
4.3.4 For disinfection and (or) water purification, factory production installations should be used, located at the water inlet to the house in a separate room on the first floor or in the basement. In this case, the requirements established by the equipment manufacturer for the location of the installation, the height of the room must be met. The minimum distance from the installation to the enclosing structures must be at least 0.7 m.
4.3.5 Centralized and individual water supply systems, treatment plants or installations of which do not provide the required quality of treatment, it is necessary to provide individual installations for additional water treatment in the house, usually installed immediately in front of the water-distributing device (for example, at the sink).
4.4 Internal water supply networks
4.4.1 For internal systems of cold and hot water supply, pipes and fittings made of polymeric materials should be used preferentially.
It is allowed to use copper pipes, as well as steel pipes with a protective coating against corrosion.
4.4.2 Pipelines (except for connections to sanitary ware) made of polymer materials are recommended to be laid in skirting boards, grooves, shafts or channels to prevent the possibility of their mechanical damage during operation.
4.4.4 The installation of shut-off valves on internal water supply networks should include:
At each drinking water inlet;
Hot water supply circulating pumps;
In front of appliances, water fittings, hot water devices and other units;
Front-outside watering taps.
4.4.5 In cases where the pressure of the external network exceeds the specified limit value of the pressure in the internal network, a pressure regulator should be installed at the entrance to the house.
4.4.6 Inadequate pressure of the central water supply network or the presence of an individual source with a dynamic level of water standing at a depth at which the resistance of the suction path (taking into account the lift height) does not exceed the suction height of the pump, it is recommended to install the pump with a membrane expansion tank (for example, a hydraulic pneumatic tank) located in a shaft well , in an underground chamber near a water well or in a house.
4.4.7 To prevent water cooling in pipes in the absence of water consumption in hot water supply systems, thermal insulation of the pipes and circulation pumps should be provided.
4.4.8 Pumping units should, as a rule, be located in rooms where heat generators are installed. In this case, measures must be taken to ensure that the sound pressure level at the design points of the residential premises of the house with the pump running does not exceed 34 dBA.
5 CHANNEL
SNiP 31-02 lays down requirements for single-family houses in terms of:
used sewerage systems (centralized, local or individual, including drainage, absorbing or with individual biotreatment);
removal of wastewater without contamination of the territory and aquifers;
availability of equipment, fittings, instruments and devices of the sewerage system for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The sewage system of a single-family building is connected to a centralized or group outdoor network, and in their absence or in cases where this is provided for in the design assignment, it is arranged as an autonomous one. The decision on the choice of an individual sewerage system must be agreed with the local authority of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, and when discharging wastewater into a surface water body, also with the local environmental authority.
5.1.2 The sewerage system includes:
connected to a centralized or group network - an internal sewerage network, an outlet for an outlet and a discharge pipeline;
autonomous - internal sewerage network, outlet from the house, outlet pipeline, septic tank and treatment facilities; depending on the adopted sewerage scheme, the external network may include a filter well, filtration fields, pumping units, a factory-made treatment plant.
It is allowed to arrange an autonomous sewerage system using backlash closets or dry closets and a cesspool.
5.1.3 Units, products and materials used in the construction of the sewerage system must meet the requirements of 4.1.4.
5.1.4 When arranging the outlet from the house, laying pipelines and installing devices, the requirements of 4.1.5 must be observed.
5.1.5 When designing and installing the sewerage system, the general requirements of SNiP 2.04.01, SNiP 2.04.03, SNiP 3.05.01 and SNiP 3.05.04, as well as additional requirements of this Code of Rules, must be observed.
5.2 Laying outlets and pipelines
5.2.1 For the laying of gravity pipelines, plastic pipes with flared or socket joints, cast iron or asbestos-cement pipes with flanged joints with a diameter of at least 100 mm should be used.
5.2.2 Pipelines should be laid on a leveled and tamped base of local soil. In rocky soils, it is necessary to provide for laying pipes in a layer of compacted sandy soil with a height of at least 150 mm, in silty, peaty and other weak soils - on an artificial foundation. The pipeline must be laid with a slope of at least 0.01 from the house.
5.2.3 Inspection wells, round or square in plan, with a tray and walls made of solid clay bricks, monolithic concrete, prefabricated reinforced concrete rings or thermoplastics, should be arranged in the places of pipeline bends. When the depth of the wells is up to 0.8 m, their diameter or each dimension in the plan must be at least 0.7 m, with a greater depth - 1.0 m. The wells must be covered with a hatch with covers.
5.2.4 When laying outlets and pipelines above the freezing depth, they should be insulated. At the same time, it is necessary to protect the insulation from the accumulation of water in it. The depth of the pipelines from the ground surface to the top of the pipe in places where vehicles can pass should be at least 0.7 m, in other places - 0.5 m.
5.2.5 When designing a sewerage system, it is necessary to completely exclude the possibility of wastewater pollution (from underground filtration facilities or due to pipe leaks) of aquifers used for drinking water supply.
5.3 External network of an autonomous sewage system
5.3.1 An autonomous sewerage system should ensure the collection of wastewater from the outlet from the house, their disposal to the treatment facilities and discharge into the ground or into a surface water body (a system with wastewater treatment) or to a facility for collection, storage and removal (a system without wastewater treatment ).
5.3.2 The choice of the scheme of the autonomous system is carried out by the customer. When choosing a scheme, it is recommended to take into account the restrictions given in the subsequent paragraphs of this section of this Code of Practice.
5.3.3 Wastewater treatment systems
5.3.3.1 Preliminary wastewater treatment should be carried out in a septic tank. The septic tank is also designed for the accumulation of solid sediments, which must be removed from time to time. At a low level of groundwater, single-chamber septic tanks are used, at a high level - two-chamber.
5.3.3.2 Treatment facilities used in autonomous sewage systems are subdivided according to the method of wastewater treatment (biological, physicochemical and biological and chemical treatment) and according to the principle of wastewater removal (systems for draining treated wastewater into the ground, systems with the disposal of treated wastewater into a surface water body ).
When choosing a treatment scheme, ground conditions, groundwater level, climatic conditions of the construction area, as well as the size of the adjacent area and the presence of a reservoir - a wastewater receiver, should be taken into account.
5.3.4 Systems for discharge of treated waste water into the ground
5.3.4.1 In cases where the construction site is of sufficient size and is located on soils with filtering properties, it is recommended to use wastewater disposal systems into the ground. Soils with filtering properties should include sandy, sandy loam and light loamy soils with a filtration coefficient of at least 0.1 m / day. In rural areas, wastewater disposal and absorbent soil can be used for seasonal subsurface irrigation of crops grown on the site.
in sandy and sandy soils - through a filter well or through an underground filtration field after preliminary treatment in septic tanks; at the same time, the level of the ground inlet when constructing filtering wells should not be higher than 3 m from the surface of the earth, and when constructing fields of underground filtration - not higher than 1.5 m from the surface of the earth;
in loamy soils - using filter cassettes after preliminary cleaning in all septic tanks; in this case, the groundwater level should be no higher than 1.5 m from the surface of the earth.
5.3.5 Surface water discharge systems
5.3.5.1 Discharge of treated wastewater into a surface water body is recommended to be used with waterproof or weakly filtering soils on the site and in the presence of a water body that can be used for this purpose. In such systems, wastewater purified in septic tanks, after mechanical treatment on sand and gravel filters, in filter trenches or in treatment plants of factory production, is discharged into a reservoir by a gravity pipeline or is collected in a reservoir and pumped into a reservoir by a pump. In areas with a design winter outside air temperature of up to minus 20 ° C, it is possible to use a cleaning system in natural conditions.
5.3.5.2 Provision should be made for the disinfection of treated wastewater using chlorine cartridges placed in the flow.
5.3.5.3 Discharge of treated wastewater into surface water bodies must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.5.980.
5.3.5.4 In places where treated wastewater is discharged into a reservoir, measures should be taken to prevent erosion of the banks and the bottom by extinguishing the flow rate, for example, by strengthening the soil with stone backfill or concrete slabs.
5.3.6 Wastewater storage
5.3.6.1 Wastewater storage tanks are recommended to be designed in the form of wells with as high a wastewater supply as possible to increase the used storage volume. To be able to take effluents by a sewage machine, the depth of the bottom of the storage tank from the surface of the earth should not exceed 3 m. The working volume of the storage tank must not be less than the capacity of the sewage tank.
5.3.6.2 The accumulator is made of precast concrete rings, monolithic concrete or solid clay bricks. The reservoir must be equipped with internal and external (in the presence of groundwater) waterproofing, providing a filtration flow rate of no more than 3 l / (m 2 × day). The drive is supplied with an insulated cover. It is advisable to supply the storage tank with a float level switch.
A ventilation riser with a diameter of at least 100 mm should be installed on the ceiling of the storage tank, bringing it at least 700 mm above the planned ground level.
5.3.6.3 The inner surfaces of the drive should be periodically washed with a stream of water.
5.3.7 Pumping waste water
5.3.7.1Sewage pumping is provided for:
the need to place treatment facilities in the embankment due to high groundwater;
the impossibility of discharging wastewater for cleaning by gravity due to the difficult terrain;
the need to pump treated wastewater to a remote reservoir or in difficult terrain.
5.3.7.2 Pumping waste water for filtration into the ground should be carried out after the septic tank using submersible pumps installed at the bottom of the receiving tank. The pumps must be automated.
5.4Generally
5.4.1 In sewerage systems using backlash closets or dry closets for the accumulation and subsequent removal of feces, cesspools should be arranged. The cesspool is made in the form of an underground tank made of concrete, reinforced concrete or brick. The overlap of the ridge, located outside the outer fence of the house, is insulated. A hatch with an insulated cover is located on the overlap.
5.4.2 From the cesspool, it is necessary to provide a ventilation duct with a cross section of at least 130x130 mm, the lower end of which is located 200 mm above the end of the fan pipe, and the upper end - 0.5 m above the roof.
5.4.3 The inner surface of a brick cesspool must be protected with cement plaster.
5.4.4 The cesspool should be able to drive up to the cesspool.
6 HEAT SUPPLY
SNiP 31-02 makes the following requirements to the heating system of the house:
on the use (in the absence of centralized heat supply) as a source of thermal energy, operating on gas or liquid fuel, automated heat generators of full factory readiness;
to the placement and installation of individual heat generators in the house;
to ensure fire safety and explosion safety in the premises of the house during the operation of heat generators.
6.1 General
6.1.1 Heat supply should provide heating and hot water supply to the house by connecting its devices to a centralized system, and in its absence or in cases where this is provided for in the design assignment, by arranging an autonomous system from an individual heat supply source (heat generator). The heating system of the house can be connected to the heating systems of outbuildings located on the house plot.
6.1.2 When connecting a house to a centralized source of heat supply in houses, individual heating points should be equipped in accordance with SNiP 2.04.07 and SP41-101 with connection to a heating network according to an independent scheme. If the temperature and pressure of the coolant in the heat supply system and in the heating and ventilation system of the house are appropriate, they can be connected to the heating network in a dependent circuit. The heating network in the local area must be available for repair.
6.1.3 The required performance of the heat generator must be determined in such a way that the amount of heat generated entering the heating system (and, if necessary, also into the ventilation system) is sufficient to maintain the optimal (comfortable) air parameters in the house at the design parameters of the outdoor air, and the amount of heat, entering the hot water supply system - sufficient to maintain the specified hot water temperature at the maximum design load on this system. At the same time, the total power of heat generators located in the house or annex should not exceed 360 kW. The power of heat generators located in a detached building is unlimited.
Note - The heat output of the fireplace is not included in the rated output of the heat generators.
6.1.4 When designing heat supply sources, it is recommended to be guided by SP41-104.
6.2 Heat generators
6.2.1 As an individual source of heat supply in the house, heat generators on gas, liquid or solid fuels, electric heating installations, and stoves can be used. In addition to stationary heat generators, it is recommended to provide heat pump installations, heat recovery units, solar collectors and other equipment using renewable energy sources. When choosing the type of heat generator, it is recommended to take into account the cost of various types of fuel in the construction area.
6.2.2 Automated equipment of full factory readiness with a maximum temperature of the coolant - water up to 95 ° C with a pressure of up to 1.0 MPa, with a certificate of conformity - should be used as heat generators.
6.2.3 For use in a single-family house, heat generators should be used, the operation of which is possible without permanent maintenance personnel.
6.2.4 The technical condition of the installed heat generator should be monitored annually with the involvement of a specialized organization that has the right to issue permits (certificates of conformity) for its further use.
6.3 Placement of the heat generator and fuel storage
6.3.1 The heat generator, as a rule, should be located in a separate room. It is allowed to place a heating heat generator with a capacity of up to 60 kW in the kitchen.
6.3.2 The room for placing the heat generator should be located on the ground floor, in the basement or basement of the house. Placing a heat generator on any energy carrier above the 1st floor is not recommended, except for heat generators located on the roof of the house.
6.3.3 The height of the heat generator room (from floor to ceiling) should be at least 2.2 m. The width of the free passage in the room should be taken taking into account the requirements for the operation and repair of equipment, but not less than 0.7 m.
6.3.4 The structures of walls and ceilings enclosing the heat generator room must have such a sound insulation capacity that the sound pressure level in adjacent rooms with the equipment operating does not exceed 34 dBA.
6.3.5 The floor of the heat generator must have waterproofing, designed for a water filling height of up to 10 cm.
6.3.6 Walls of combustible materials at the place of installation of a heat generator with a maximum surface heating temperature of more than 120 ° C should be insulated with non-combustible materials, for example, a layer of plaster with a thickness of at least 15 mm or roofing steel over an asbestos sheet with a thickness of at least 3 mm. The specified insulation must protrude beyond the dimensions of the heat generator by at least 10 cm on each side and at least 50 cm above it.
For a heat generator with a maximum surface temperature of up to 120 ° C inclusive, walls made of combustible materials may not be protected.
6.3.7 The heat generator must be installed at a distance of at least 20 mm from a wall of non-combustible materials, at least 30 mm from a wall made of combustible materials plastered or lined with non-combustible materials and at least 100 mm from a wall made of combustible materials.
6.3.8 In the room of a heat generator operating on liquid or gaseous fuel, as well as in the rooms where such fuel is stored, there must be glazed window openings at the rate of at least 0.03 m 2 per 1 m 3 of the room volume.
The dimensions of the door openings of the heat generator room must ensure unhindered replacement of equipment.
6.3.9 A solid fuel warehouse located in a separate building must be located at a distance of at least 6 m from residential buildings.
When such a warehouse is installed in an attached or built-in room of a residential building, these rooms should have an exit directly to the outside.
6.3.10 The supply container for liquid fuel, located in the heat generator room, must have a volume of no more than 50 liters.
6.3.11 Storage of liquid fuel and compressed gas in the adjacent area should be provided in a separate building made of non-combustible materials or in buried tanks. The distance to other buildings should be at least 10 m. The storage capacity should be no more than 5 m 3.
6.3.12 Gas and liquid fuel pipelines in the heat generator room should be laid openly, without crossing ventilation grilles, window and door openings. Access for inspection and repair must be provided along their entire length.
6.4 Water preparation
6.4.1 The quality of the water used in the heating system of the house must comply with the requirements contained in the technical documentation of the manufacturer of the heat generator. If such requirements are not specified, then water with the following quality indicators should be used:
Total hardness - no more than 3.0 mg-eq / kg;
Dissolved oxygen - no more than 0.1 mg / kg;
RN - within 7.0-9.5.
It is allowed not to foresee a water treatment plant when delivering treated water from other plants.
6.4.2 To prevent the heating system from freezing during a forced interruption in its operation, it is recommended to add non-freezing components (antifreezes) to the coolant. The substances used must have hygienic certificates issued by the authorities of sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
6.5 Security
6.5.1 Factory-made heat generators must be installed in compliance with the safety requirements and precautions specified in the manufacturer's instructions.
7 HEATING
SNiP 31-02 lays down the requirements:
to the temperature of the indoor air in the premises of the house during the heating period with the estimated parameters of the outdoor air provided by the heating system;
to the maximum surface temperature of accessible parts of heating devices and pipelines, to the temperature of hot air in the outlets of air heating devices, as well as to the temperature of water in the hot water supply system;
to the provision of heating and hot water supply systems with automatic or manual control devices, as well as heat energy and water metering devices;
to the device and placement of fireplaces;
to the availability of equipment, fittings and devices of the heating system for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement;
to the device and insulation of chimneys.
7.1 General requirements
7.1.1 Heating systems should distribute heat in such a way that all living rooms and other premises where people can be constantly provided with the necessary microclimate parameters.
7.1.2 In the cold season, the temperature of the heated premises, when they are temporarily unused, may be taken not lower than 12 ° C, ensuring the restoration of the normalized temperature by the beginning of the use of the premises.
7.1.3 The design of the heating system of the house should be carried out taking into account the need to ensure uniform heating of the air in the premises, as well as the hydraulic and thermal stability of the heat supply system. At the same time, measures should be taken to ensure fire safety and operational reliability of the system.
7.1.4 Water (hot water heating) or air (air heating) can be used as a heating medium in the heating system. The use of air heating systems is effective when forced (mechanical) ventilation is used.
7.1.6 Provision should be made for manual or automatic regulation of heating systems and hot water supply at home.
7.1.7 Systems shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05, installed and tested in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01.
7.2 Hot water heating systems
7.2.1 For water heating of a single-family house, a system can be used by natural or artificial stimulation of the circulation of the coolant (water). The water heating system includes a heat generator (boiler), pipelines, an expansion tank, heating devices, shut-off and control valves and air vents. In a system with artificial induction, pumping units are provided.
When choosing a water heating system, it should be borne in mind that in systems with natural stimulation, heat generators (boilers) are recommended to be located below the heating devices and that when using such systems, the removal of heating devices from the heat generator should not exceed 30 m.
- "beam" scheme with centrally located supply and return collectors;
A passing two-pipe scheme with wiring around the perimeter of the house.
7.2.3 The temperature of the coolant in the supply pipeline, including in systems with pipes made of polymeric materials, should not exceed 90 ° C.
The difference in hydraulic resistance in the branches of the hot water heating pipeline should not differ by more than 25% from the average value.
7.2.4 The temperature of the open surface of a hot water radiator, unless measures are taken to prevent accidental contact with a person, should not exceed 70 ° C.
7.2.5 Piping
7.2.5.1 Pipelines should be assembled from pipes and fittings made of materials that can withstand the effects of operating temperatures and pressures in the heat supply system for a service life of at least 25 years.
When using pipes made of polymer materials, it is recommended to be guided by the provisions of SP41-102.
7.2.5.2 Heating pipelines are recommended to be laid hidden (in grooves, baseboards, shafts and channels). Open laying is permissible only for metal pipelines, since pipes made of polymeric materials should not be laid openly in places where mechanical damage and direct exposure to ultraviolet rays are possible.
In case of hidden laying of pipelines, hatches should be provided at the locations of dismountable joints and fittings.
7.2.5.3 In the heating pipelines, devices for their emptying should be provided. In underfloor heating systems and with hidden laying of pipelines in the floor structure, it is allowed to provide for the emptying of individual sections of the systems by blowing them with compressed air.
Pipelines must be laid with a slope of at least 0.002. Separate sections of pipelines with a water velocity in them of at least 0.25 m / s, if necessary, may be laid without a slope.
7.2.5.4 Piping at the intersection of ceilings, internal walls and partitions should be laid in sleeves. The edges of the sleeves should be flush with the surfaces of walls, partitions and ceilings, but 30 mm above the surface of the clean floor.
Gaps and openings in the places where pipelines pass through the structure of the house should be sealed with sealant.
7.2.5.5 Removal of air from heating systems should be provided at the upper points of pipelines, including at heating devices, through flow-through air collectors or air vents. The use of non-flowing air collectors is permissible when the speed of water movement in the pipeline is less than 0.1 m / s.
7.2.5.6 On pipelines laid in unheated and heated rooms, as well as on pipelines laid hidden in the external enclosing structures of the house, to reduce heat losses in the upper zone (above 1.2 m), thermal insulation should be provided.
7.2.5.7 Heat-insulating coatings on pipes should be resistant to the operating temperatures of the system, as well as moisture and mold.
For thermal insulation of pipelines, materials without restriction of fire safety indicators can be used, except for the intersection of fire barriers.
7.2.6 Expansion tanks
7.2.6.1 Expansion tanks should be provided to compensate for thermal expansion of the coolant in independent heating systems.
7.2.6.2 In a hot water heating system with artificial induction of circulation of heat carriers, open or closed expansion tanks located in the heat generator room can be used. It is recommended to use expansion tank diaphragm type with thermal insulation.
7.2.6.3 The required tank capacity is set depending on the volume of the heat carrier in the heating system.
7.2.7 Heating devices
7.2.7.1 Heating devices should be placed, as a rule, under skylights in places accessible for inspection, repair and cleaning. Heating devices should not be placed in vestibules with external doors.
7.2.7.2 Radiators or convectors made of steel, copper, cast iron, aluminum, as well as combined (made of different metals) can be used as heating devices.
7.2.7.3 For water underfloor heating, plastic pipes, including metal-plastic pipes, laid in the floor structure should be used. The design average temperature of the floor surface and the design limiting temperature of the floor surface along the pipe axes should be taken in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05. Correspondence of the actual temperature of the floor surface to the specified requirements at a given temperature of the heat carrier in the pipes should be achieved by laying in the structure of half-layers of thermal insulation, the required thickness of which is determined by calculation.
7.2.7.4 In bath and shower rooms, heated towel rails that are not connected to the hot water supply system should be connected to the heating system.
7.2.8 Shut-off and adjusting valves
7.2.8.1 Shut-off valves should include:
To disconnect and drain water and air from individual rings and branches of the heating system;
To turn off part or all of the heating devices in rooms in which heating is used intermittently or partially.
7.2.8.2 Control valves for heating devices of one-pipe heating systems should be taken with a minimum hydraulic resistance; for devices of two-pipe systems - with increased resistance.
7.2.9 Pumping systems
7.2.9.1 In an autonomous heat supply system with a separate water heater for hot water supply, it is recommended to install:
The pump of the first circuit for supplying water from the heat generator to the heating system and to the hot water supply heater;
Hot water circulation pump.
7.2.9.2 It is recommended to provide a backup circulation pump in the heating and hot water supply system, which should be used when the main pump leaves the system.
In the event of a power outage during the heating season, it is recommended to provide a bypass line at the heat generator, which ensures a minimum circulation of the heat carrier to reduce the likelihood of freezing the system.
7.2.9.3 For heating and hot water supply systems for single-family houses, it is recommended to use pumping units with a capacity of 0.5 to 3.0 m 3 / h with a pressure of 5 to 30 kPa.
7.3Air heating
7.3.1 The air heating system includes an air intake device, a supply fan, a device for cleaning the supply air, an air heater, a duct system with supply openings in ventilated areas of the house, an exhaust fan. The air heating system must be combined with the mechanical ventilation system of the premises of the house, connected (Figure 7.1) or unconnected (Figure 7.2) to the heat supply system.
7.3.2 When arranging air heating systems, it is allowed to provide for air recirculation in the living rooms of the house.
Recirculated air intake devices should not be placed in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet.
Cleaning of recirculated air from dust should be provided.
7.3.3 In an air heating system combined with ventilation, in case of economic feasibility, it is necessary to provide for the recovery of heat from the exhaust air (Figure 7.3).
7.3.4 Openings for supplying warm air to living quarters should be equipped with adjustable grilles. All branches of the supply air ducts that are not equipped with adjustable grilles must be equipped with adjustable dampers with a device for indicating the position of the damper.
Heat recovery fans and all condensate lines must be installed in a room with a positive air temperature.
7.3.5 The flow rate of the supply air and its temperature during air heating are calculated from the conditions for compensating for heat losses in the premises and the consumption of heat for ventilation of all rooms and for exfiltration of air through the enclosing structures.
7.3.6 The temperature of the supply air entering the living quarters should not exceed 70 ° С at the air distribution openings.
7.3.7 Heating system ducts should be arranged in accordance with the provisions of Section 8 of this Code.
7.3.8 It is recommended that organizations with relevant experience be involved in the design, selection of equipment, installation and maintenance of the air heating system.
7.4 Electric heating
7.4.1 Electric heating is provided at the request of the customer as primary or backup.
7.4.2 For electric heating use:
Electric heating devices for radiation heating with a temperature of the radiating surface not exceeding 150 ° C, located in the upper zone of the room at a height of not less than 2.2 m;
Electric heating devices for convective heating of air with a heating element temperature not higher than 100 ° С;
Electric floor heating device with automatic temperature control.
Figure 7.1 - Air heating system with forced air circulation,
combined with a mechanical ventilation system connected
to the heat supply system
7.5Fireplace
7.5.1 The calculated value of the maximum heating temperature of the external surfaces of the fireplace should be taken: on the upper horizontal surface 45 ° С, on vertical and inclined walls 75 ° С. Allowed in some sections of vertical walls with an area of not more than 15% of their total area temperature 90 ° C.
7.5.2 The chimney serving the fireplace must not serve other heating devices.
7.5.3 The distance from the rear and side walls of the fireplace to structures made of combustible materials of walls and partitions should not exceed the values shown in Figure 7.4.
7.5.4 The thickness of the refractory brick lining of the walls must be at least 50 mm, and the thickness of the hearth lining must be at least 25 mm.
7.5.5 The thickness of the brick walls of the fireplace, including the thickness of the internal cladding, must be at least 190 mm, the thickness of the upper ceiling of the fireplace made of bricks must be at least 250 mm.
7.5.6 The dimensions of the hearth of the fireplace (width and depth) must be at least 300 x 300 mm.
7.5.7 The fireplace insert should be closed with a heat-resistant glass door.
7.5.8 Fireplaces inside must be lined (lined) with refractories: brick in accordance with GOST 8426, ceramic materials, concrete or metal (Figure 7.5).
7.5.9 On the half in front of the fireplace, there should be a pre-furnace platform made of non-combustible materials, not less than 400 mm from the front wall of the fireplace, and the side borders of the platform should be at least 150 mm away from the furnace hole on each side.
Figure 7.2 - Air heating system with forced air circulation combined with a mechanical ventilation system not connected to the heat supply system
7.5.10 The side walls of the smoke collector connecting the fireplace insert with the chimney must be made with an inclination of at least 45 ° to the horizontal.
7.6 Chimneys and chimneys
7.6.1 Discharge of flue gases from heat generators operating on fuel oil, gas and solid fuel should be provided through chimneys into a chimney or chimney. On the surface of chimneys, the temperature should not exceed 120 ° C, on the surface of chimneys - 70 ° C. Chimneys and flues must be designed for temperatures up to 600 ° C for solid fuels and up to 300 ° C for liquid and gas fuels and undergo special tests for suitability for use.
7.6.2 Walls of flues of any design must be sealed (not lower than class II in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05) and not let smoke and flames outside the chimney. To prevent the penetration of water and condensation outside the pipe, all seams and joints on the pipe must be carefully sealed.
7.6.3 Internal lining of chimneys (Figure 7.6) must be resistant to softening and cracking.
7.6.4 Walls of chimneys and chimneys of a fireplace, stove and heat generator must be laid out of red solid ceramic bricks or heat-resistant concrete blocks and have a thickness of at least 120 mm. It is allowed to use chimneys and flues made of asbestos-cement pipes (up to 500 ° C), as well as stainless steel pipes with mineral wool insulation.
Figure 7.3 - Connecting the heat recovery unit to the air heating chamber
7.6.6 The distance from the outer surface of brick pipes or concrete chimneys to beams, battens and other parts of the frame and roof made of combustible materials must be at least 50 mm clear (Figure 7.8).
7.6.7 The height of the mouth of the chimneys from the premises of the heat generators must be at least 0.5 m above the roof (Figure 7.9).
7.6.8 For the installation of heat-insulating and noise-protective coatings on pipes, the temperature of the heat carriers in which exceeds 120 ° C, non-combustible materials must be used. It is allowed to use non-flammable materials that do not decompose, do not ignite and do not smolder under the conditions of the maximum temperature of the heat carrier possible under operating conditions.
Figure 7.4 - Gaps between the fireplace and the frame made of combustible materials
Figure 7.5 - Lining the fireplace
Note - There must be a distance of at least 150 mm between the opening of the cleaning hatch and the combustible material of the house structures.
Figure 7.6 - Facing the chimney
Figure 7.7 - Chimney head
Figure 7.8 - Distance from chimney to building structures
Figure 7.9- Minimum chimney height
8 VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
SNiP 31-02 lays down requirements for the cleanliness of air in the premises of the house and the uniformity of air flow into the premises, provided by the ventilation system, as well as the parameters of the microclimate of the premises, provided in the warm season by the air conditioning system.
A single-family house must also meet the requirements in terms of:
used ventilation systems;
the performance of the ventilation systems of the house, the volume of exhaust air and the frequency of air exchange in the premises;
placement of devices for removing polluted air from the premises of the house;
provision of ventilation and air conditioning systems with means of automatic or manual regulation and metering devices for heat and electric energy;
availability of equipment, fittings and devices for ventilation and air conditioning systems for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
8.1 General requirements
8.1.1 The premises of the house must be provided with ventilation. A ventilation system is provided, either with a natural impulse, or with a mechanical impulse, or combined (with a natural inflow and mechanical impulse to remove air).
8.1.2 The ventilation system must ensure the standard value of air exchange, but at the same time, a vacuum inside the house is not allowed, which negatively affects the work of removal from heat generators.
8.1.3 The design parameters of the outside air for the design of ventilation and air conditioning systems should be taken in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05 and SNiP 23-01.
With increased requirements for the reliability of ensuring the parameters of the microclimate of the premises, the design parameters of the outdoor climate can be specified in the local hydrometeorological centers.
8.1.4 The estimated value of air exchange in the premises of the house is recommended to be taken according to table 8.1.
8.1.5 Air exchange in the house should be organized in such a way as to prevent the spread (overflow) of harmful substances and unpleasant odors from one room to another.
8.1.6 To protect against the entry of animals or insects, air intake openings, including ventilation openings in the outer walls of underground floors and attics, should be provided with metal nets or gratings.
Table 8.1
|
Premises |
Air exchange rate, m 3 / h, not less |
|
|
Constantly |
In maintenance mode |
|
|
Bedroom, common, children's room |
||
|
Library, cabinet |
||
|
Pantry, linen, dressing room |
||
|
Gym, billiard room |
||
|
Laundry, ironing, drying |
||
|
Kitchen with electric stove |
||
|
Kitchen with gas hob |
80 for 1 hotplate |
|
|
Heat generating |
By calculation, but not less than 60 |
|
|
Bathroom, shower room, restroom |
||
|
5 for 1 person |
||
|
Waste collection chamber |
||
In areas of sandstorms and intense transport of dust and sand behind the air intakes, dust and sand sedimentation chambers should be provided.
8.2Ventilation with natural induction
8.2.1 In a house equipped with a ventilation system with natural induction, the intake of fresh air is provided through adjustable opening elements of the window (transoms, vents or slots) or valves built into the outer walls, which should be located at a height of at least 1.5 m from the floor, and the removal of air from premises - through ventilation ducts in the inner walls of the house. Exhaust openings of these ducts should be located under the ceiling of the premises.
8.2.2 In the living rooms of the house, exhaust openings of ventilation ducts may not be provided. In this case, ventilation of these areas should be provided through exhaust openings in kitchens, bathrooms and toilets.
8.2.3 Ventilation of built-in public premises should be separate from residential premises.
8.3 Mechanical forced ventilation
8.3.1 In a house equipped with mechanical ventilation, supply ventilation ducts must ensure the supply of outside air through the inlet openings of the air ducts. Air supply is provided by a supply fan, to which outside air is supplied through the air intake device. Removal of air from the premises should be provided by an exhaust fan installed in the attic. Outside air in such systems, before entering the air ducts, passes through a filter system and is heated to a temperature that the inhabitants of the house consider comfortable.
8.3.2 Outside supply air should be supplied:
a) in each living room;
b) in any room on a floor that does not have living rooms;
c) in communal rooms, gym, billiard room, swimming pool.
To distribute the supply air to other rooms, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of air overflow from the room with the inflow through leaks (cracks) in the doors or overflowing valves to other rooms with exhaust ventilation grilles.
8.3.3 Mechanical forced ventilation is usually intended to function during the heating season. During the rest of the year, the premises can be ventilated through the windows.
In rooms that do not have windows, it is recommended to install additional mechanical ventilation devices (exhaust fans), which must operate both during the heating season and during the rest of the year. An additional fan, if necessary, can also be installed in a room with a window.
8.3.4 In cases where the mechanical ventilation system is combined with an air heating system with forced air circulation (Figure 7.1), the outside air must flow into the recirculated air duct of the air heating system.
8.3.5 Mechanical ventilation systems should provide for manual or automatic regulation.
8.3.6 For mechanical ventilation, adjustable air diffusers should be used, for example adjustable guiding grilles or shades.
8.3.7 The distance from the air intake openings of the supply ventilation to the windows, doors and hatches of the house must be at least 900 mm.
8.3.8 Low openings for air intake devices should be placed at a height of more than 0.5 m of the level of stable snow cover, but not lower than 1.5 m from the ground level.
8.3.9 Ventilation equipment should be accessible for inspection, repair and cleaning.
8.3.10 Installation of heating and air conditioning equipment, including refrigeration equipment and equipment for cleaning and air supply, should be carried out according to the factory instructions.
8.4 Ventilation of the heat source room
8.4.1 In cases where a heat generator is installed in the house with air intake for fuel combustion from the premises of the house, the ventilation system should provide the heat generator room with additional supply air.
8.4.2 In the room of a heat generator with a capacity of more than 30 kW, the combustion air must only be supplied from outside.
8.4.3 Rooms in which heat generators are installed must have exhaust ventilation grilles. For additional air flow, a grill or a gap between the door and the floor with a free cross-section of at least 0.02 m 2 should be provided in the lower part of the door.
8.5 Air ducts
8.5.1 All-ventilation ducts, their connecting elements, control valves and other devices must be made of non-combustible materials. The use of flammable materials is permissible only:
In duct systems in which the air temperature does not exceed 120 ° С;
In horizontal floor branches of air ducts.
8.5.2 The estimated service life of air ducts should be taken at least 25 years.
Duct materials used in locations where they may be exposed to excessive moisture should:
a) do not lose strength when wet;
b) be resistant to corrosion.
8.5.3 It is not allowed to use asbestos-containing materials and products in the supply or recirculation ventilation and air conditioning systems.
8.5.4 Internal and external coatings and insulation, as well as used adhesives in air ducts and other elements of ventilation systems should be made of non-combustible materials, if during operation their surface temperature can exceed 120 ° C.
8.5.5 Air ducts should be securely supported by metal hangers, brackets, lugs or brackets. All bends and branches of air ducts must have supports, excluding deflections of air duct elements, violation of their integrity and tightness. Air ducts should be free of openings other than those required for normal operation and maintenance of the system.
8.5.6 When laying air ducts with a temperature of the transported air below 120 ° C, it is allowed to lay the air ducts close to a wooden building structure, while it is allowed to use wooden brackets.
8.5.7 To ensure the tightness of the air ducts along their entire length, all connections and joints of the air ducts must be sealed to ensure the density of the air ducts not lower than class H according to SNiP 2.04.05.
9 GAS SUPPLY
SNiP 31-02 lays down requirements for the placement of gas pipeline inlets into the house and the placement of gas cylinders in the premises of the house, as well as for the maximum pressure in the internal gas pipeline of the house. The gas supply system must meet the requirements of fire safety and explosion safety during operation.
9.1 General requirements
9.1.1 Gas-consuming equipment for the heating system, hot water supply and ventilation of the house, as well as gas stoves for cooking, are connected to the centralized gas supply network. In the absence of a centralized gas supply, an autonomous gas supply system is created on the basis of individual cylinder installations or liquefied gas tanks, providing gas fuel to all of the above-mentioned systems of the house or their part.
9.1.2 When using gas only for cooking, it is recommended to arrange gas supply from individual cylinder installations, consisting of one or two cylinders. In other cases, it is recommended to use individual tank installations of liquefied gas.
9.1.3 For rough calculations of the required volume of gas consumption, it is recommended to use the following average daily indicators of gas consumption for a single-family house:
Cooking food on a gas stove - 0.5 m 3 / day;
Hot water supply using a gas flowing water heater - 0.5 m 3 / day;
Heating using a domestic gas heating apparatus with a water circuit (for the conditions of the Moscow region) - from 7 to 12 m 3 / day.
9.1.4 The design gas pressure in the internal gas pipeline of the house should be taken no more than 0.003MPa.
Figure 9.1 - Gas inlet
9.1.5 When designing and arranging the gas supply system of a house, one should be guided by SNiP 2.04.08, SNiP 3.05.02 and "Safety Rules in the Gas Industry".
9.2 Entry into the house when connected to a centralized gas supply network
9.2.1 The height of the laying of above-ground gas pipelines in the house area outside the passage of vehicles and the passage of people must be at least 0.35 m from the ground to the bottom of the pipe.
9.2.2 The supplying low pressure gas pipeline directly at the entrance to the house must be equipped with a disconnecting device at a height of no more than 1.8 m from the surface of the earth (Figure 9.1).
9.2.3 The distance between the gas pipeline and pipelines of other communications should be taken taking into account the possibility of installation, inspection and repair of each pipeline.
9.3 Entering the house when arranging an autonomous gas supply system
9.3.1 Outside gas cylinders should be placed in a metal cabinet near the outer wall of the house. The cabinet should be installed on a base made of non-combustible material, the top of which should be at least 100 mm above the planned ground level. The distance from the cabinet to the doors and windows of the first floor must be at least 0.5 m, from the windows and doors of the basement and basement rooms, cellar, well, cesspool - at least 3.0 m. where the gas equipment is located.
9.3.2Individual tank installation of liquefied gas is recommended to be installed directly into the ground at such a depth that the distance from the ground surface to the top of the tank is not less than 0.6 m in areas with seasonal soil freezing and not less than 0.2 m in areas without soil freezing. At high groundwater levels, tanks should be waterproofed and installed on a solid foundation. It is recommended to lay the low pressure gas pipeline from the tank to the house underground.
9.4 Internal gas pipeline
9.4.1 Laying of an indoor gas pipeline, as a rule, should be open. Hidden laying of gas pipelines (except for liquefied gas pipelines) in furrows of walls, closed by easily removable shields with ventilation holes, is allowed.
9.4.2 The gas pipeline at the intersection of building structures should be laid in cases. The end of the case should protrude at least 3 cm above the floor. The annular gap between the case and the gas pipeline should be at least 5 mm. The space between the gas pipeline and the case must be sealed with elastic materials.
9.4.3 The internal gas pipeline must be painted with waterproof paints and varnishes.
9.4.4 Gas meters should be placed in the room where the heat generators or gas stoves are located.
9.4.5 Installation of disconnecting devices on gas pipelines should be provided in front of the meter and gas-consuming devices.
9.4.6 Cylinders of compressed or liquefied gas placed inside the house should be installed only in rooms where gas-consuming devices are located.
Installation of balloons is not allowed in basement and basement rooms, rooms with unnatural lighting and ventilation.
9.4.7 Installing household gas stoves
9.4.7.1 The distance between the edge of the top of the slab and the wall made of non-combustible materials must be at least 50 mm.
9.4.7.2 In a kitchen with walls made of combustible materials, the wall at which the slab is installed must have a fire retardant coating, for example, in the form of a layer of plaster or sheet-roofing steel over an asbestos sheet (if another technical solution is not provided for in the factory instructions for installing the slab). The specified coating must be located from the floor at a height of at least 800 mm above the surface of the slab and protrude beyond the slab on both sides by at least 100 mm. In this case, the distance between the edge of the top of the slab and the wall must be at least 100 mm.
10POWER SUPPLY
SNiP 31-02 lays down requirements for the power supply system of the house in terms of compliance with its "Rules for Electrical Installations" (PUE) and state standards for electrical installations, as well as for the equipment of electrical installations with protective shutdown devices (RCDs), for the arrangement and placement of electrical wiring and the availability of devices for metering electricity consumption.
10.1 Wiring, including the wiring of the network, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the PUE and this Code of Rules.
10.2 The power supply of a residential building should be carried out from networks with a voltage of 380 / 220V with a TN-C-S grounding system.
Internal circuits must be made with separate zero protective and zero working (neutral) conductors.
10.3 The design load is determined by the customer and is not limited if not specified by local authorities.
10.4 If the possibilities of power supply are limited, the estimated load of electrical receivers should be taken at least:
5.5 kW - for a house without electric stoves;
8.8 kW - for a house with electric stoves.
Moreover, if the total area of the house exceeds 60 m 2, the design load must be increased by 1% for each additional m 2.
With the permission of the energy supplying organization, it is allowed to use electricity with a voltage of more than 0.4 kV.
10.5 The following types of electrical wiring can be used in the premises:
Open electrical wiring laid in electrical skirting boards, ducts, beads and on building structures;
Hidden electrical wiring, carried out in walls and ceilings at any height, including in the voids of building structures from non-combustible or combustible materials of groups G1, G2 and G3.
Electrical wiring in the premises of residential buildings is carried out with wires and cables with copper conductors.
Cables and wires in protective sheaths may be passed through building structures made of non-combustible or combustible materials of groups G1, G2 and G3, without the use of bushings and tubes.
10.6 Places of connections and branches of wires and cables should not be exposed to mechanical forces.
In the places of connections and branches, the cores of wires and cables must have insulation equivalent to the insulation of the cores of whole places of these wires and cables.
10.7 Wires laid hidden must have a length of at least 50 mm at the points of connections in branch boxes and at the points of connection to lamps, switches and sockets. Hidden devices must be enclosed in boxes. For concealed cable routing, tap-off boxes must be recessed into building elements, flush with the finished outer surface. Wiring connections when passing from a dry room wet or outside the building should be made in a dry room.
10.8 The passage through the outer walls of unprotected insulated wires is carried out in pipes made of polymeric materials, which must be terminated in dry rooms with insulating bushings, and in damp rooms and when going outside - with funnels.
APPENDIX A
(informational)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Autonomous systems of engineering equipment for residential buildings and public buildings. Technical solutions. - M .: Trading house "Engineering equipment", GUP TsPP, 1998
A guide to the design of autonomous engineering systems for single-family and block-out residential buildings (water supply, sewerage, heat supply and ventilation, gas supply, electricity supply). - M .: Trading house "Engineering equipment", GUP TsPP, 1997
Key words: engineering systems, residential houses, single-family houses, heating systems, cold and hot water supply, power supply, gas supply, sewerage, special systems
Introduction
1 area of use
3 General
4 Water supply
5 Sewerage
6 Heat supply
7 Heating
8 Ventilation and air conditioning
9 Gas supply
10Power supply
Appendix A Bibliography
Directory of GOSTs, TU, standards, norms and rules. SNiP, SanPiN, certification, technical conditions
