Herbal bean plant scanword. Bean plants

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Herbal bean plant scanword. Bean plants

The herbal feed plant of the legume family in Russia is represented by several options. First of all, it is white, pink or it has remarkable feed qualities, is rich in protein and successfully applies like feed for livestock (hence the name is a feed plant).

The most common culture is the red clover, which in our country cultivate more than two hundred years. The plant loves wet soil, a false organic and mineral mixtures, well develops on neutral or weakness soils. The pink variety is more demanding on the ground and has a slightly bitter taste, so the animals are worse.

There is another valuable herb stern plant of the legume family. This is alfalfa. The culture is common due to the high digestibility of feed and record fertility in the southern regions. When providing heat and moisture, you can get up to 7 voids (about 250 centers of the hay) with hectares. In areas with the absence of additional irrigation, you can collect about 90 c from hectare for 2-3 pcs for one season.

Such a feed plant of a bean family, like an esparcet, is growing well on chernozem, in can successfully develop on rocky soils rich in lime, is a honey. Esparcet is cultivated mainly in the North Caucasus, persistently tolerate drought, giving about 22 feed units on the vehicle centner when consuming its animals.

Another herbaceous feed plant of the family of legumes is known since the time of the ancient Rome and is called "Vika". It is grown in the Caucasus, in some central regions of the Russian Federation, as well as in Belarus. From the culture, grain, silo, hay and green food are obtained. In this case, the latter contains 22 feed units per centner mass. From one hectare, under the observance of agrotechnics, it is possible to assemble up to 20 C of grain or about 250 C green vegetable mass, which makes the culture very attractive to participate in the severobors under animal farms.

Where is the most unpretentious herb stern plant of the legume family growing? In terms of resistance to external influences, rank sowing. Its high frost resistance (withstand temperatures up to minus seven degrees Celsius), inconspanding to soils, drought-resistance allow us to extend the cultivation area to Western Siberia. The growing season (about 112 days) makes it possible to obtain in the middle lane of Russia about 230 V plants in a green form or about 17 c grains from one hectare. Culture with pleasure eaten by horses and sheep, less eagerly uses it

Herbaceous Lupine plant was known in ancient Egypt. It was used to feed both animals and a person (beans). Today it is used to obtain green fertilizers, as well as from one hectare of crops, you can collect up to 400 centners of vegetable green mass or about 15 c grains. At the same time, the plant does not contain hazardous alkaloids, since in the mid-30s, new varieties that meet the requirements of food safety were displayed in the USSR in the mid-1930s of the twentieth century.

In addition, in the western regions of the Russian Federation and in Belarus, you can meet such a culture as Seretell, which is perfectly adapted for poor samp and sand soils. When making manure from one hectare, it is possible to obtain up to 298 C green mass, which goes to feed a cattle. Also, culture will quickly grow after the mowing, which provides excellent opportunities for animal grazing.

All adults and even children know the beans and peas, beans and lentils, fragrant acacias and clover, peanuts and mimos, and meanwhile, all this is the plants of the bean family (or moth). An extensive group, to overestimate the benefit of which is difficult for a person. We eat these plants, plant for beauty, improve the soil with their help, we use wood, paint clothes and even treated.

Bean Family: General Characteristics

Familiar to everyone else from school family unites a huge number of species, according to approximate estimates of about 17-18 thousand. Botany share it for three subfaming (based on the structure of the flower): Caesalpiniyev, mimose, moth. It is interesting to note that legume plants include the genus Astragal, the largest species among the representatives of the flowering (about 2400). Plants of this family have a sufficiently large range of growth both in hot tropics (mainly cesalpine and mimic) and in the districts of the Far North, in the deserts and savannas.

Nitrogen fixation is distinctive trait Total family. The roots of legume plants have nodules that are formed as a result of the growth of parenchymal fabric. And this, in turn, is due to the introduction and resettlement inside the plant of nitrogen-fixing bacteria belonging to the genus risobium. They have an amazing ability to absorb and accumulate atmospheric nitrogen, which in the future uses the plant itself for its growth. Such large reserves of a vital element are well affected by the environment. Bean plants perfectly improve soil fertility. It is widely used both in an industrial scale and competent and knowledgeable gardens that are not forgetting alternate landing different cultures At home. Every year they return to the soil of about 100-140 kilograms of nitrogen in the calculation of the territory in one hectare.

The structure of leaves of leguminous plants

Bean plants can have a different form of leaves. They can be divided into several groups:

parry peristoids and twice peristoids (peas, yellow acacia) leaves, they are located on both sides of the stem;
simplified (reduced to one top leaf);
false simple, formed as a result of the capture of two top leaves;
filodia (in African species of acacia) - flattened leaf stuffs.

For legume plants, an amazing property is characterized - parsley leaves can be folded overnight. This is due to the fact that the base of the stuffing has thickening, which due to the change of the turgora drive the leaf plate or only the leaflets in motion. For example, Mimosa is able to do it instantly, since even a slight touch of her leaves causes an instant loss of osmotic pressure into them. This property was noticed for a very long time and served as a reason to name the plant so much.

Flower and inflorescence

Bean plants may have various inflorescences, but most often it is a sweater or a brush, sometimes head brushes (clover) are much less likely they are reduced to one flower. For representatives of the family, it is characteristic of cross-pollination, in which pollen from one flower is transferred to another much less often insects (bees, bumblebees) or bats and birds in tropical species.

Flowers of legume plants can be zygomorphic or actinorphic (for example, in mimoshov). A cup of consists usually out of four, less often of five cups that grow together. The petals are 5 (all of the moths and some representatives of the other two submersions) or 4. Their name and separation are very interesting, depending on the function being performed. So, the top and major called the name "flag", it attracts insects that pollinating the plant. Petals, located with sides, is customary to call wings, and this is a kind of "landing site". The most internal, as a rule, they grow together along the lower edge and form a boat that protects stamens and pestle from insects that are not pollinators. But, for example, in mimoshov all the petals of the same form are free or threw.

Fruits of leguminous plants

In this case, there is an absolute unity of all kinds of families. The fruit is called bob (single or multi-semen), opening along the spinal or abdominal seam. Seeds inside the fetus are quite large, with endosperm or without it, cotyledtles are well developed. Appearance Bob can be absolutely any, as well as size. Some species of its length reaches one and a half meters. The spread of seeds sometimes occurs independently when the fetal sash during the disclosure is twisted along the spirals, and they are flying out in different directions, for example, at acacia. Some tropical species are spread by animals or birds. Wrinkle all familiar earthy nuts (peanuts) due to negative geotrophism, that is, the ability to grow and develop in a certain direction when it is formed, goes into the soil at 8-10 cm, where the fruit is then developing.

The value of legumes in the farm

Plants of the legume family occupy the practical significance for a person second place after the cereal. Among them are a huge amount of food cultures that have world importance: soy, peas, beans, peanuts, nuts, lentils and many others. Some of these people are already cultivated by the first millennium.

Great value of legume plants are like feeding herbs, this category includes: clover, alfalfa, lupine, Esparcet, etc. Some tropical representatives of the family (for example, campanery, pericopsis, Dalbergia) are a source of valuable and high decorative wood painted in pink, Almost red, dark brown or almost black colors.

Decorative and medicinal importance

There is I. decorative species Among the legumes, such as wisteria. This woody view of native of China with large brushes fragrant inflorescences. Very popular garden and park plants. Another representative is the acacia whiten, is widespread on the Black Sea coast. From herbaceous in the gardens grow, for example, fragrant peas, Lupins. All signs of Indigo color, but few know that the same name is the dye get from the plant indigofer small shrub From the family of legumes.

Some types of long-stayed are used in medicine: a fenugreek, astragal, a donon, etc. Lacrician is familiar, or naked licorice. This is a herbaceous bean plant, which is widely used worldwide as a medicine from cough ( healing properties Known since the times Ancient Egypt). Its roots and rhizomes are used for this. In some European countries, candies made of licorice who even love children are very popular. They have a characteristic black glossy color.

bean feed plant

Alternative descriptions

Feed grass of the family of legumes

Herbal plant of the family of legumes (stern grass)

Female name

Tsyganova

Bean feed grass

Bob grass

Bean grass for livestock

Bean plant

Bob plant

Bean feed for livestock

Beans for animals

Victoria in adolescence

Victoria firstocrat

Polkah Deta

Peas

Girl from the song of the group "Roots"

Decorative grass

Wild peas

Friendly form named Victoria

J. Wild peas, family of moths; V.Cracca, robberry, Vissel, Peas Mock, Goose, Crane, Primer; Sativa, feed peas, seeding, mouse, caravaline, sparrow peas, zhuravlin, konyakovka; Faba, Ruce beans

Famous telegnus

Name "Beautiful Nanny"

The name "my beautiful nanny" from the series

Name of singer Tsyganova

Feed grass.

Feed bean plant

Feed plant

Feed pea

Feed peas

Feed beans

Medonos Herbal Plant

My beautiful nanny

Singer ... Tsyganova

Food for livestock

Plant resembling victory

Bob Family Plant, Honey

Plant, Medonos

The genus of perennial and annual herbaceous plants of the family of legumes; Feed culture

Rosiysk. Singer Tsyganova

Russian singer Tsyganova

Sister clovers and alfalfa

Abbreviated Victoria

Grass on burent food

Grass in cattle

Grass going on cattle

Herbatous plant that brings thoughts about victory

Reduced Victoria

Reduced form of the name Victoria

Tsyganova who sings

Victoria

Feed culture, honey

Nanny - Role of Zavorotnyuk

Victoria, only shorter

Valuable fodder bob

Grass with female name

Feed grass with a virgin name

Grass, as well as a maiden name

Polka dots in the feedushke

Alfalfa

Lucerne (Medicago - Medicago), a bean herbal plant, which is an ancient feed crop. Refers to the most valuable feed crops and in Russia there are the largest squares.
By nutritional value, the alfalonia hay exceeds clutter. Flour cooked from a young alfalon hay, in nutrition, is approaching bran. Green mass and hay alfalfa are rich in vitamins (A, B1, B2, C). Lucerne also has a large agrotechnical significance, since it enriches the soil with a large number of organic matter and has a high nitrogen intimating ability.

Lucerne is prevalent mainly in the republics of Central Asia, Transcaucasia, in the North Caucasus, in the forest-steppe and steppe areas of Ukraine, in Voronezh, Kuibyshev and Saratov regions, in Western Siberia and Primorsky Krai.
Lucerne is sown in its pure form and in a mixture with cereal herbs. The root of alfalfa rod, penetrating to 5 m deep into the depth. The stem is rounded, less rarely quadruple, branching, reaching a height of 1.0-1.5 m (Fig. 86). Inflorescence - brush containing from 12 to 26 flowers. Frub bob, spiral curved (up to 5 revolutions), sickle or almost straight. Bob contains from 4 to 10 seeds.
Seeds are small, beseband, honesty or angular or brown shape, yellow-handed or brown.
Among the numerous types of alfalfa in Russia, they cultivate: Asian, European, Caucasian, Mediterranean, Mesopotama, yellow and blue. The first two types are prevalent: Asian and European alfalfa. The basis of division on the species are given such signs like coloring colors, the form of Bob, the shape and density of the brush, etc.

Asian Lucerne (M. Asiatica - Medicago Aisitian). Flowers have a purple or dark-minded color. The base of medium size, spirally bent (from 2.5 to 4 stars), dark-cut. Facial seeds, brown.
Asian alfalfa varieties: Poltava 1774, Semirechenskaya local, Fergana 700, Khivinskaya, etc.
European Lucerne (M. Eusativa - Medical Estivative). Flowers of light pill, lilac, yellowstower, dark-skinned and yellow paint.
Bob spiral is curved (from 1 to 3.5 cooked), less often sick-shaped, painting light-chicted or brown. Sewage seeds, light luminous color.
European alfalfa varieties: Marusinskaya 425, Poltava 256 Zaisevich, Tibetan, etc.
Yellow alfalfa (M. Falcata - Falcate Medicago) Flowers are painted in yellow. Sickle-shaped beans or straight, blork. Seeds angular, brown.
Sorts of yellow alfalfa: Krasnokutskaya 4009, Kuban Yellow, Kinelskaya 1.

Clover

Clover (trifolium - trifolium) is one of the most common leguminous forage plants. As a stern plant, clover is used on the hay, silage, they are seeded with pastures, in addition, it is used as a green fertilizer. Sign it in its pure form and in a mixture with cereals, such crops are the best predecessor for grain and industrial crops. Clover hay is rich in nutrients, but a little inferior to this relation to the Seine alfalfa. The agrotechnical value of the clover is its great effect on the structure of the soil.
Clover cultivated us for a long time and he becomes more and more wide use. It is cultivated in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and other areas.

Clover has a powerful root system. Clover stem is a straight, fluttering and branching (Fig. 87). Inflorescence - head, rounded or oblong-rounded form. A flower curler painted in red, white or pink color.
Frubobob single, two-, three- and four-family. Seeds chalk, ovoid, heart-shaped, rounded-ovoid form. Coloring seeds is diverse: purple, green outlet, dark green, purple. Seed surface brilliant. Absolute weight ranges from 0.68 to 1.6 g. Seed length up to 2.5 mm. There are eight types of clover in culture, of which the greatest spread is red clover, pink, white. These three kinds of clover are perennial plants.
Red clover (T. Pratense - Trifolium Pentenze) is most common in crops (see Fig. 87). For favorable conditions The plant reaches 1.5 m of height. Flowers are red, pink and sometimes yellow wake. Egg-shaped seeds, violet-models or green outlets. The absolute seed weight is about 1.72 g. Seed length up to 2 mm.
Varieties of red clover; Amur 11, Central Russian, Tomsk local, Glukhovsky local, Perm local, etc.
Pink clover (T Hybridum L. - Trifolium Hybrid). Pink flowers. Fruit - Bob single and two-beam. Seeds are small, flattened, dark green. The absolute weight of seeds 0.68
White clover (T. REPENS L. - Trifolium Rensuits) is characterized by a good winter hardiness, appreciated as a pasture culture. White flowers. Bob - two- and four-family. Seeds rounded, small, yellow color.

Sainfoin

Esparcet (onobrychis. - Onorbishis) - a long-term bean feed plant. On the maintenance of nutrients and by yield
when sowing a hay in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Russia, Lucerne is not inferior. The hay from the escape contains over 15% protein. Espartce is a good honey.
His culture was widely distributed during the first and second five-year plates. Currently, the area under the sowing of Esparcet is increasing every year.
Esparcet is cultivated in the forest-steppe and steppe districts of Ukraine, in the Central Black Earth areas, in the Volga region, in the steppe areas of Bashkiria and Tatarstan, in the North Caucasus, in Transcaucasia. Espartce is sown in pure form or in a mixture with other feed herbs.

Esparce is drought-resistant, he has a powerful root system, it grows well on sandy and rocky soils. Espartce contributes to the absorption of soil phosphorus by other plants. The stem dropped, the height of the stem from 40 to 120 cm and more (Fig. 88), inflorescence - brush. Flowers pink colour Different shades. The fruit is a unrelaxing single-seat bob, from 4.5 to 8.5 mm long. The surface of the beans is covered with a network of convex veins. The seeds of a bean-shaped, yellow-walled or yellowing color. Seed length 4.0-4.5 mm. The absolute weight of the seed 13-18
Varieties: Caucasian double-axis, nznihi 18, nznihi 74, Nakhichevansky Local, Sandy 1251, Ukrainian 2795, etc.

Donnik

Donnik (Melilotus - Melilotus) from the legume family is an annual or two-year-old plant. The donon is used to obtain a hay, as a silage and pasture culture, at the same time he is a good honey. Of great importance is the donon in creating a feed base in arid areas.
Its culture is important in areas such as Western Siberia, Kazakhstan, Bashkiria, Volga region, Estonian, Latvia and Ukraine. In a wild form, the donon is widespread in many parts of Russia.

The donon has a powerful root system, straight, high stem, sometimes reacing the height of 3 m. Inflorescence - brush. Flowers white or yellow. Fruit - bob, more often single-bedded, rounded shape. The length of the beans is 2.5-5.0 mm, the painting of Seroburia, yellow, yellow-wurading. The surface is mesh or wrinkled (Fig. 89).
Seeds of oval shape, monophonic or patterned.
The plant and the seeds of the color contains the Kumarin, giving them a strong smell. An impurity of the seeds of the colorist in the batch of grain crops is undesirable. When stored, the grain perceives the smell of the donon, and this smell is transmitted by processing products - flour and cereal.
Currently introduced into agriculture Bred by Soviet breeders, a variety of a colorist not containing Kumarin.
The absolute weight of seeds on average is 20 g, in the crops the greatest distribution has a white (Melilotus Albus) and a yellow donel (Melilotus officinalis).
The white donel has the greatest practical importance among the species of the donon. It has a two-year-old and annual shape. White flowers. Bob -Ommed with a mesh surface. The seeds of a rounded-ovoid shape, slightly flattened, with a length of 2.0-2.5 mm, yellow-colored, with a smooth, matte surface.
Site of white donel: Omsk 4032, fun-Podolansky 1146, Lucerne-shaped 9654, Siberian and others.
Yellow, or medicinal, donon - two-year or annolete plant. Used as feed or medicinal plant. Flowers of his yellow color. Bob single-bedded, less often two-way. Seeds rounded-ovoid, slightly flattened, long 1,75-2.00 mm. On the surface usually have purple spots or smears.

Lupine

Lupin (Lupinus - Lupinus from the legume family) has one-year and long-term shape. The root Lupine system is strongly developed and has the ability to absorb nutrients from hard-soluble compounds.
The stem is ribbed or rounded, reaching the height to 1.5-2.0 m in some varieties. Inflorescence - top brush flowers white, pink, purple, yellow, blue. Fruit - bob, elongated-rhombic shape, sown. Bob contains from 2 to 8 seeds and most varieties are cracking during ripening. The seeds of the kidney, egg-shaped rounded, flattened, with characteristic tubers at the roster, pink-axes with black specks, gray with marble pattern, white and rosette. Lupine seeds are rich in proteins, the content of which ranges from 32 to 48%. In lupine seeds contain alkaloids (1-2%); Lupine - C10H19NO, Lupinidine - C15H26N2, Lupanin - C15N224, etc., which cause poisonous properties and bitter taste of Lupine seeds. The presence of alkaloids in Lupine seeds prevents the use of it for feed. Therefore, it was mainly used as green fertilizers.
Based by Soviet breeders, the varieties of MajalesOwall and Bescaloid Lupine offer ample opportunities for the use of lupine to feed livestock, as well as in the food industry. The main districts of Lupine culture are the northwestern regions of Ukraine, Belarus, the southwestern regions of Russia and the Transcaucasus.
In the crops in Russia, the following types of Lupine have the greatest distribution: narrow, yellow, white.
Nickname, or blue, Lupine (L. Angustifolius - Lupinus Angustifolius) is an annual plant with narrow leaves. Flowers blue, purple, blue, pink, white. Seeds are large, 6-8 mm long, a honesty, gray with marble pattern. Absolute seed weight 130-200 g
Yellow Lupine (L. Luteus - Lupinus Lutheus) - Alphareate Her Plant with yellow flowers. The seeds of the kidney, Borerose or sickle, on the content of proteins occupies the feet place among other types of Lupine. Absolute seed weight 110-200 g
Lupine White (L. Albus - Lupinus Albus) Annual Plant with White Flowers. Seeds are flattened, quadrangular, with slightly rounded corners, white with a slight pink and cream tint.

Seretela

Seredell (Ornithopus Sativus - Ornithopus SATIVUS) - Annual herbaceous bean plant. The culture introduced relatively recently. It is usually cultivated to obtain green fertilizers and as a honey. It is a valuable feed plant (pasture and silage). In nutrition is close to red clover.
They cultivate it in the Leningrad, Smolensk and Tver regions, in Belarus and some regions of Ukraine.
The fruit of Siecelelands is a bob with a grid-starving surface, greenish or gray, decaying when ripening on segments that are sometimes called seeds.
Seeds rounded egg-shaped shape, a bitten color. Seed length 2.0-5.2 mm. Absolute weight 3-5 g