Thanks to the trimming of young seedlings, the following is formed appearance Adult tree. In addition, the number of future harvest depends on the correctness of the process. Therefore, the question appears: "How to cut a seedlock of an apple tree?". Consider the technology of this action at various stages of the formation of fruit tree.
In order for the formation of the crown of an apple tree properly, it is necessary to perform timely and regular trimming. This process also contributes to the stimulation of the right development, growth and formation of full-fledged useful fruits.
Cutting the branches of the apple tree, you can achieve various necessary goals, namely:
It's important to know! Trimming apple seedlings is carried out during the spring and autumn. Very rare this process is performed in summer. Right choice The time of the year depends on the need to obtain a certain result.
But still the question remains, as and when to crop apple trees, because the blurred concepts of "Autumn" and "Spring" do not give an accurate answer. We will try to find answers to all questions.
Late autumn is the most successful moment to trim the seedlings of an apple tree. This is the period when the leaves are completely opal and the tree performs the transition to sleep mode. At that time the main task Trimming is the removal of dead and damaged elements.
Important! In no way, it is impossible to start processing the tree after the onset of frosts, as this can lead to the death of the entire plant.
So, the next question is: "How to trim the apple tree in the fall?". There is a specific scheme, which determines the sequence of actions:
Before cropping an apple tree, it is also important to choose the right to choose the period and explore the exact technology of this action.
The period for trimming is selected the earliest, namely before the swelling of the kidneys.
The spring period is the most successful time for this process, since the tree is rapidly restored and the forces are gaining.
Consider the rules cutting apple trees in the spring: 
In addition to the listed technologies, there are certain recommendations in the processing of annual and two-year apple trees.
When planting seedlings apple trees that have no branches yet, it is necessary to immediately cut the top in such a way that the small village remains left, not more than 1 m high. Such a method allows you to develop new branches in the first year of life, so it will be possible to engage in the first year The formation of the crown.
In the event that annual seedlings already have branches, then the following processing methods are used:
Interesting! A tree with branches of almost horizontal location is much earlier providing an overwhelming crop. In addition, the crown of this type is much stronger than other types.
At the age of two years, the seedling of the apple tree has already a formed barrel of a small diameter and sprigs derived from him. After its disembarkation, it is necessary to remove all the extra branches, leaving from 3 to 5 the most developed shoots. The angle of connecting the barrel and branches must be completely wide. Ultimately, the branches left will become the most strong branches of the formed adult tree.
The most central branch must be formed from the most mature and developed eye. It is from here that the branch should grow in the vertical direction. It is also necessary to take into account that the branch should be longer than the rest for several kidneys. All other branches are cut as follows:
As a result of these actions, Croon is formed, which has the following characteristics: sufficient strength and attractive roundness.
After that, a planted and cropped seedling is not recommended for several years. Only removing damaged and dried branches is allowed.
In order for a planted apple tree seedlock as soon as possible to give a full-fledged harvest, it is necessary to perform timely and regular trimming in accordance with all the requirements. It is required to make a little effort in order to pride in the independently grown fine fruit trees.
Pruning young apple trees determines the future tree view and its yield. Thanks to the processing of branches and the formation of the crown, a good illumination of all its parts is created and a harmonious ratio is maintained between the growth of the tree and its fruiting.
A young apple tree, like in many fruit trees, can easily break the branches. But, thanks to the trimming, the branches become more durable, and the crown is uniform and not very thick. This guarantees a good harvest and high-quality fruits.
The main task of trimming apple trees is to create a balance between old branches and shoots current year: There should be about the same amount. Pruning must be carried out so that the future crown has the right structure.
There are several ways to form a crown of seedlings. The crown formed can be spindle-shaped, soluble, medium-freight, combined, palmette and other forms. For a novice gardener will be easier to form a crown with a soluble method. This is a method at which it is necessary to leave 4-6 skeletal branches at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other.
Very comfortable for the formation of medium-freight forms, in which the lower skeletal branch is located at an altitude of 80-110 cm. To create this form, all branches, the apple tree seedlings located below must be cut.
Trimming young apple trees and care start in early spring Before the vegetation began in the first year after landing. Spring trimming apple trees is very important for the beauty and health of trees, because after it the trees grow more intensively throughout the summer period.
There is also a summer trimming, but it is usually used to shorten the shoots of the current year. It stimulates the formation of fruit kidneys, improves the size and color of fruits.
Having planted for the first time on a permanent place an annual unbranched caplea of \u200b\u200bthe apple tree, it is necessary to simply remove it at about the altitude of one meter from the ground. This will make it possible to form lateral shoots already this year, and then you can already form a crown.
If a young one-year apple tree, a sapling is already branched, then it is necessary to remove all its side shoots up to 70 cm from the soil level. Among the shoots that grow above are removed by the sharp angle with the barrel. The shoots that are located under a wide (close to 90 °) angle are shortened to the third or fifth kidneys. If the escape has a wide angle, then this thread in the future will provide a solid crown tree. It is also important that trees with almost horizontal branches begin to be fruit.
A two-year-old apple tree consists of a stem and several shoots from him. Such seedlings need to leave three-five most developed escapes with wide corners. This will be the main branches of the tree. The rest of the shoots need to be removed. The central conductor shape over a more developed kidney, vertical escape will develop from it. It should be above all skeletal branches about 4-5 kidneys. The closures are cut off so that the lower is longer (up to 30 cm), and those that are above - shorter. Thus, the main skeleton is formed by the most popular crown of young two-year apple trees - durable and round.
Over the next three to five years, young apples are better not to crop and do not shock shoots. Otherwise, there may be delays in their fruiting. Still, a small processing is sometimes necessary for patients and branches. They need to be removed from the very foundation. In the case of a very active growth of the tree so that the tiers of the branches are too distant from each other, you can shorten the conductor, but at the same time not forget that he remains leading.
To form the crown of the correct form, except trimming, use other techniques: for example, a change in the direction of growth or the tilt of the branch. You can change the angle of dulling the branches using the installation of the strut between the barrel and the branch. You can use and delay the branches to the peg driven into the ground. And the empty sections of the crown can be filled with a change in the direction of the branch.
So that the young trees of your garden brought you a harvest in the shortest possible time, you need correct care. The company "Periov" is always ready to help you in this noble matter. We provide services for pruning and forming the crown of trees in Moscow and the Moscow region on professional level and at affordable prices. With us you are guaranteed to achieve success in gardening. And your well-kept young garden will very soon be able to please you with rich harvesting ripe and bulk apples.
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Apple tree in the photo
Apple tree is the most common fruit tree in Russian gardens, partly therefore it is considered a kind of "model" for trimming. Principles, techniques and rules of cropping apple trees, pears and other seeds, as well as bone crops are largely similar.
Proper planting seedlings and care for it is the first half of the success. The second is the competent formation of the crown of a young apple tree. In most cases, sanitary trimming is carried out, its goal is to remove damaged shoots and roots. If the root system is poorly developed, the shoots must be shortened to equalize the above-ground and underground part and increase the chances of the tree on life in a new place. If the landing or transplanting of the tree is carried out in the fall, then the pruning (with the exception of sanitary) is mandatory set aside to the next spring, so as not to reduce the winter hardiness of the plant. If the seedlock did not complete the leaf fall, he will have to help - remove the leaves manually or using a secaterator.
Before properly making the trimming of young apple trees, consider that its degree depends on the age, variety and state of the seedlings. Usually this annual, twilight, three-year-old trees. An annual seedling should have an overwhelmed stem and normally formed top kidney. It should not have leaves.
The largest largests are very bad, and if they survive at all, they delay in development for a long time. The reasons for this are most often objective. Transportation, sharp change of conditions - the strongest stressful situations for a large plant. The problem is aggravated by the location of the nurseries, because they, as a rule, are located where the trees grow faster, that is, in areas with a softer climate. As a result, your large apple top can threaten winter damage.
With proper trimming of a young apple tree, a rarely long-term or long-term crown is often formed - they are easy to maintain and correspond to the biological features of trees. Most often, the scratched-long and long-term crown is chosen for trees on strong and average and medium-sized flows. The difference is that in the Yarny Krona, all skeletal branches departing from the barrel and are included in the tiers, and the scaffolding crown is less "strict", and the branches of the branches alternate with half-plated branches.
Before it is properly formed the crown of a young apple tree, read the sequence of actions that suggested below, or, as fertivities say, with the conclusion of the crown.
With the normal development of the tree every year, starting from the second year of the tree of wood, a new tier is laid out of 3-5 branches. If the leader's length or escape is insufficient, the bookmark of the next tier is transferred for a year later.
Look at the photo, how to trim the apple tree at younger age correctly:
The creation of several tiers when cropping and forming an apple tree is a process to some extent cyclic. In order to stimulate branching and good development of future skeletal branches, the top of the escape escape is shortened and repeated this operation when booking each next tier. The distance between the tiers depends on the type of stock and the characteristics of the variety (in trees on the dwarf dive - less than that of the strongest) and is 50-70 cm, upper tiers It is permissible to place a little closer to each other (the lower limit is 40 cm). When trimming and forming an apple tree, the optimal distance between branches included in one tier is 20-30 cm. Branches in neighboring tiers should not be located over the other. The central conductor or continuation escape must be 15-20 cm above the branches of the last tier (in practice, this means that it should be above its top), and if necessary, the branch and (or) the central conductor is shortened.
The decision on how to form a crown in an apple tree and how much tiers to do, takes the gardener itself, guided by the ease of harvesting and carrying out agrotechnical events.
On video trimming of a young apple tree is shown how to form a seedling:
Usually, when trimming for the formation of an apple crown, 3-4 tiers are laid, in this case the height of the tree on the high-level stock is about 4 m, in dwarf dive - 2-2.5 m. When the tree reaches the desired height, limit growth - the central conductor is cut on transfer.
An annual seedling is similar to a thin twig with roots, less often with the first thin twigs, it depends on the variety and from how the seedlings were cared in the nursery. "Fat" and a powerful branching annual seedling or recalled fertilizers, or was grown in the southern regions.
His winter hardiness in the middle lane is quite problematic. If necessary, perform sanitary trimming - both the aboveground part and the root system. If the seedlock is purchased with an open root system, it is especially important to equalize the underground and overhead part.
Trimming annual apple seedlings after landing is made at an altitude of 80-100 cm to stimulate the growth of the side branches - these are future skeletal branches of the first tier.
All kidneys and branches (if any) from the ground level to the first tier of skeletal branches are removed - this is a zone of the strain. Too low strab will make it difficult to treat the soil, harvesting and other operations, and too high, the straw may suffer from sunburn.
If the branches of the seedlings already have, then when trimming the annual apple tree, we plan on those that will create the first tier - there should be 3-5 directed in different directions. If there are no branches yet, then 5-8 kidneys are added to form a first tier (this amount is taken with a margin). Leave another kidney - it must be located above the tier and look in the direction opposite to the bend in the zone of the eyepiece so that the barrel is smooth. From this kidney will grow continuation escape - it will notice the leader escape, and so that the barrel was smooth, it is tied up to the peg. It is possible to leave a thorns from the removable leader, and cut it completely when the continuation is fixed in a vertical position.
In the process of how correctly cut the annual apple tree, remove all branches forming with a sharp angle, the rest are shortened by 3-5 kidney. This is done for their better development and branching.
These photos show how to cut an apple tree in an annual age:
A two-year seedling begins to branch in obligatory. When trimming and forming the crown of a two-year-old apple tree from the highest kidney, a strong escape is grown, which will be the continuation of the leader escape - it is better to suspend it that the emerging stem is even. If there are shoots-competitors on the top of the seedlings - they are either removed while they are still small, or carefully flex and fix. The branches departing from the trunk at an angle are less than 45 degrees - an unsuitable candidate for the role of skeletal: they can be cut, and you can try to bet with the help of spacers and stretch marks. While the branches are thin and flexible, optimize the angle of departing them from the trunk. The older the tree, the harder it is to do, and an adult tree is simply impossible.
Any fixation of the branches in the desired position must be movable so that the crown does not break the wind - but also strong enough to achieve the desired result. For the winter, the struts and stretch marks are cleaned, and in the spring, if necessary, return to the place.
When trimming seedlings of two-year-old apple branches, growing between tiers, can be shortened and bend under a stupid angle, then they will give the first fruits faster. Subsequently, they are removed if the Yarus Croon is selected.
The side branches of the young apple tree leave, even if they are subject to removal in the future. This approach contributes to the formation of an expanding book and as a result of this sustainable trunk. Excessive branches when trimming a two-year-old apple tree are removed gradually. First, they are shortened, and in a year or two, when the tree will have enough other branches and leaves, cut out completely.
The shoots that will have to turn into skeletal branches are shortened to stimulate branching. The degree depends on the state of the branches and their planned length - the longest in the end should turn out to be the lower branches, so they are often cropped stronger than the top. And although at first Krone, as it were, "inverted", the further growth of shoots will place everything in places, because strong shoots will grow on a strongly circumcision branch. Little sprigs, departing from skeletal branches, preserve - these are the crop in the future.
On the video "Trimming a two-year-old apple tree" is shown how this work is performed:
A three-year tree branching "in all directions", and also has new skeletal branches. The branches of the first tier laid last year are covered by the branches of the 2nd order. If necessary, remove or flexion branches. The second tier is layered at a distance of 50-70 cm from the first - so that the branches of the second tier are in the intervals between the branches of the first tier.
When trimming a three-year-old apple trees, we comply with the rule of coented branches - the higher the branch is located, the shorter it must be - only so the whole crown will be evenly covered. Branches of subsequent orders should be shorter and located below (conductor at 15-20 cm above the branches of the 1st order, the branches are shorter than the branches of the 1st and 2nd order). The crown of the tree should fit into an anoscele triangle, facing the ground to the ground, ideally, each skeletal branch also fits into an anoscele triangle, facing the base to the trunk. The branches of one tier are usually equalized, that is, trimming the branches of a three-year-old apple tree in the spring is made at one height. If the height of the branches is not the same, then the one is more active, the growth point of which is above. This technique can be used to stimulate or limit the growth of separate branches in the tier.
And how to make a trimming apple tree in a three-year-old, if the branching of the trees is active, and is there a good height? In this case, you can cut branches scheduled to delete in the previous season.
A four-year apple tree trimming technique is produced in the same way: the third tier is laid, extra branches are removed.
And how to make a trimming of the spring apple tree who have reached the five-year-old age? The five-year-old tree is considered to be formed, at this age, modern varieties usually come into fruiting, from now on the tree can be called adults. He has 3-4 beautiful and durable tiers. Often the tree already reaches the desired height. If necessary, its further growth up can be limited. To do this, with proper trimming, the apple tree is removed by the central conductor by trimming on the translation - to a well-positioned branch. If the height of the tree is insufficient - we have a single tier per year until the result is satisfied, and only then cut the central conductor.
Remember that the specified sequence of actions during trimming of young apple trees for novice gardeners is only a landmark, and not a rigid set of rules. If for any reason the tree is developing badly, then it is not scary to transfer the tier or triggering for a year or two later, and during this time eliminate the shortcomings in agrotechnology.
A cupid (or vase) shape of the crown is quite popular. Its removal is very simple - lay one tier of branches at the desired height (usually the strap is low, no more than 50 cm, and in the yarus 3-4 branches, located symmetrically) and remove the central conductor. The apple tree is cut out as early as possible (in the bonphist in 2-4 years). So that the bowl is beautiful, it will take a lot of space and possibly the branch's garter. Typically, such a crown is chosen for trees on dwarf flowing. Her advantage is good sun lighting. Further actions to form an apple crown are pretty simple - timely removal of wolfges, which will often appear on skeletal branches, as well as extra branches, especially directed inward crowns, sanitary trimming. It should be remembered for the rule of the coented when the branching of the skeletal branches is layered - the closer to the trunk, the longer the twigs should be.
In the English gardens, it is often possible to meet an apple tree, which have only one jar of skeletal branches, and the central conductor is removed. Since usually in the fruit garden trees are planted tight, skeletal branches sooner or later begin to grow up. It turns out not a bowl, but rather, "Fuuder" on a high leg, and not always symmetrical, but not devoid of charm.
To improve the lighting of an adult crown, a part of the branches is sometimes removed so that rounding in terms of Krone has become padded.
Spindlebush, or spindlebush - simple in the removal and rather spectacular. At the trunk laying half-plated branches, having them in a helix, and the height of the tree is usually limited to 3 m. With stretch marks, the branches are given close to the horizontal position (in different modifications, the angle of dulling branches may be less, and the length is different). This type of crown is only suitable for trees on the slaughterhouses.
Slender spindle, or sadness - also a compact crown. It is displayed at a low strain, the central conductor is usually cut at an altitude of 2.5 m, and the entire crown is formed by short horizontal converting branches. Outwardly, this form resembles a column-like apple tree and is suitable for trees on dwarf-rods.
In harsh conditions, for example, in Siberia, it is necessary to increase the winter hardiness of fruit trees by any ways.
And how to make a trimming apple trees of dwarf varieties? In such trees, the crown is formed in a bush form (6-8 skeletal branches, the lower arrangements are located in one tier, the rest - singly, all the branches of the second order are shortened).
Since there are most dangerous damage to the stan in the harsh winters, the low-voltage bush crown with a height of the strain is not more than 30 cm. Snow cover in this case becomes a natural shelter, a "warm blanket".
The stalante form is used in the most severe climatic conditions. It is characterized by the lack of a pronounced strap and horizontally arranged skeletal branches, literally lying on the ground. Such a crown completely winter under the snow cover.
Video "Pruning an apple tree for beginners" clearly demonstrates how to form a crown of trees:
Forming Gardening is the creation of artificial forms of crowns possessing high decorative qualities. They can be both flat (palmettes, cordons) and volumetric, more often symmetrical. Artificial forms of crowns are associated with regular-style gardens (so, in England Rare brick wall not decorated with fruit or decorative treeFormed in the form of palmettes or cordon, and in France artificial forms often decorate the famous French decorative gardens with beds, bordered borders from the Samshat).
In addition to decorating walls, artificial forms allow you to achieve fruiting from more southern varieties (the brick wall accumulates heat and creates a favorable microclimate, a concrete wall, on the contrary, very cold and contributes to the frozen of plants). In fruiting, artificial forms usually come faster than traditional, and although the total number of fruits is not always large, all the fruits are excellent quality, since they get a lot of sun. it perfect solution For a garden or his fragment in a regular style - or just a raisin of your site. Some identical flat forms (trees can be different varieties) on a common framework - option of a compact green wall for zoning the garden space.
For molding gardening, only trees are suitable on dwarf or semi-caric coloration and necessarily with a ringed type of fruiting. They will need regular trimming, most often a few times per season, and a reliable frame for life, because with all the beauty, such forms are poorly opposed to the elements. Branches, knocking outside the crown, shorten, cut out or tied in the desired direction. To control the power of growth and for better branching, annual growths regularly pinch. Remove the branch usually in parts, since the number of leaves from artificial forms, especially at a young age, is small.
Artificial forms of the crown can be volumetric, from the apple and you can even create a covered alley - Beres.
It can be said that such types of formation of apple trees in gardening are akin to the Japanese art of bonsai, but, unlike him, seeks not to imitate nature, but on the contrary, subordinate it, although the techniques are very similar, the main of them is the search. By the way, Japanese and Chinese masters create bonsai and fruit trees, it is considered a sign of high professionalism.
At the palmettes, all branches are located in one plane, and their direction can be from horizontal to inclined and crankshaft curved, the number of tiers varies depending on the type. Palmettes are usually symmetrical crown options with a well-pronounced central conductor. Each tier branches require a horizontal frame element, most often it is a thick wire or a solid rack.
Cordon is a straightforward barrel (it can be placed and obliquely), as if going along stretched rope (The name of the form comes from the French Corde is a rope), covered with a small number of short converting branches. Cordones are compact, so on a relatively small area can be placed a whole collection. Externally, cordons are something resembled column apple trees, but the first have compact habitus due to regular trimming, the latter - by virtue of their biological features.
It is not always possible to achieve the perfect symmetry of an artificial form with trimming. A vaccination comes to the rescue - if there is no kidney or escape in the right place, then it can be aging artificially.
For bone crops, the strict plane of the crown is undesirable, so skeletal branches are oriented, as a rule, at an angle of 15-20 degrees to the row line.
Finally, your tree is already an adult and entered into fruiting. At this stage it is especially important to extend its "full-fledged life" and increase yield. Ideally, dozens of years have been continuing for adult apple trees, or regulating trimming.
This type of pruning keeps the crown in summary, struggling with its thickening, regulates light and aerial mode, prevents the latter branches, especially in the central part, and thereby increases the bookmark of fruit formations.
It is important to carry out supporting cropping apple trees of adult apple trees in spring regularly. Pause - and the growth of the tree comes out of control, you have to cut a lot and strongly, after which the struggle begins - you cut, and the tree stubbornly seeks to return the lost volume, for example, forms many wolfges. As a result, you and the tree spend a lot of strength.
The normalization of flowers and stocks also refers to supporting trimming. Plants always lay the flowers "about the supply", in some years only every tenth flower becomes a fruit. Therefore, the trees are reset the trees - first of all, non-advocated and damaged. If the dimensions are allowed and if you have enough patience, it is possible to normalize the groceries - the presentation of some of them. As a result, the fruits will be less, but they will be larger and better, and the tree will save their strength. The normalization of the flowers is carried out during complete dissolution (although many gardeners are very sorry for their own hands to destroy the apple-colored), the normalization of the strings - as soon as possible, immediately after flowering. You can completely remove the flowers and wound on parts of the inflorescences, you can leave the best and developed in every inflorescence. Apple tree is central flower in inflorescence.
When the harvest is large, the branches may not withstand the load and break, especially often suffer old grades with periodic fruiting.
The best treatment is prevention, so the backups put in advance until the fruits are still small. After collecting the crop, the backups are cleaned.
Look at the video, how to cut an apple tree in adulthood:
If the young tree has formed correctly, then for many years it will only need a sanitary and supporting trimming - removal of the extra branches and limiting the dimensions of the crown. However, sooner or later the moment comes when the tree begins to grow old.
The signal for the rejuvenating trimming of old apple trees is the reduction of the length of one-year increases. For trees on heavy-random combustion, the critical value is 15 cm. If the tree is an adult and regularly fruits, it consumes a huge amount of forces on fruiting, and growth is "funded by the residual principle", therefore the length of annual growths decreases. In the launched case, young fruit formations no longer arise, and the old has exhausted their resource - you will remain without fruits, and the oppressed and loose tree may die. The task of the gardener is to help the tree maintain the optimal balance between growth and fruiting.
Many trees are trying to "return the lost youth" with the help of wolf. If the tops are located successfully, you can form new branches from them, and gradually remove old.
However, in most cases, wood needs to be seriously helped. As usual, they first conduct a sanitary trimming of old apple trees, then - rejuvenating. For this branch, shocked before the site, where the growth length was full, and also cut off and unproductive. With a high probability, the tree will react to such interference with the rapid growth of the wolfes, especially near the slices - sleeping kidneys will be woken. This is achieved - now you can form new, young and strong branches from the strongest and well-known tops. The remaining tops with proper trimming of the old apple trees are removed, and the sooner, the better. In case of doubt, it is possible to discharge the growing top and solve its further fate during the spring trimming next year.
As can be seen in the photo trimming of old apple trees, many large branches are removed during this work:
Therefore, such rejuvenation makes sense to stretch for 2-3 seasons. It is not necessary to save on watering and feeding, in addition, it is necessary to carefully and regularly examine young growths - a lacquer piece for various sucking and leaf-mating pests.
Sick trees with severe damage to the trunk and skeletal branches are not rejuvenated.
Another advice on trimming the old apple tree is to combine the rejuvenating formation of the crown with the rejuvenating trimming of the root system. For this, the periphery of the crown dig a trench with a depth of 30-40 cm and a width of 40-50 cm and fill it with fertile soil and organic fertilizersAnd also regularly watered. As a result, many young, actively working, roots are formed in this zone.
The problem of reducing trimming is the return of the ability to fruit. For this, for several years, new fruiting branches are brought up, mainly by trimming on the translation into horizontal branches, and the older is then removed.
Look at the video "Crouching old apple trees" to better understand how to care for such trees:
What to do if you got an old tree together with the site, which has long been or never saw a secatera or hacksaw? How to cut the old apple tree to extend his life?
You can leave everything as it is. In nature, trees without trimming are waiting until older years. But still pruning is a way to improve the health and pledge of a tree longevity, as well as a way to give it a presentable species. In the launched gardens, many fruit trees Looks like a "nest" of closely located branches on a high strap. The crown is raised to them high, so that the light penetrate the light, and something else could be grown under the apple tree. Especially often such a picture can be seen in small areas.
Before cropping an old apple tree, you need to give a crumbling tree a decent view, and for this you need to first remove all the "dangerous" branches. After that, proceed to sanitary trimming. Slowly, gradually cut all the patients and dead. Focus on the middle of the crown - there usually hides a lot of dry branches. As a rule, at the launched old trees, sanitary trimming is large-scale, and astounding changes occur to its completion.
At the next stage, to cut the old tree of the apple tree, you need to remove extra branches. It is not worth a hurry here. It is better to pause, distract from the tree and do other things. Perhaps even postpone everything until the next season, there are posses in it. Sometimes it is important not to overdo it - it is possible to make an exception to the rules for some specific branches - in order to subsequently increase the weak branch, to send the trimming on the translation of the further growth of the branch in the right direction, leave the top to grow a fruit branch from it. It is possible that the pruning will have to stretch for two or three seasons (in one year they remove not more than a quarter branches). The solution will have to be taken for each specific cut.
Therefore, from the barrel and skeletal branches, lichens are better to count. It is easiest to do this after the rain - they are easily scraped with a dense mitten or a blunt knife. In addition, when the old bark is removed in front of autumn whitewash, they are automatically getting rid of lichens. In severe cases, it is possible to apply a spraying with a 10% solution of iron vapor - this is a very high concentration that causes chemical burns. Therefore, this treatment is carried out only when the tree is at rest, be sure to be in a windless day, not forgetting all the safety measures that are necessary when working with toxic substances.
Green or brick colors of the raid, usually occurring from the northern side of large branches or trunk - is single-celled algae. They are not dangerous and only indicate high humidity air. Improving ventilation and breaking the crown helps reduce the amount of algae. Again, the removal of the old bark before whitewash decides this problem.
Different varieties apple trees their features trimming.
Varieties with weak branching and low kidney woys (cinnamon striped, etc.). The branches are "bald", with weak branching, the fruits are formed only in their upper part.
Pay attention to the photo - trimming apple trees of such varieties is performed medium or strong to enhance branching and reduce the amount of hazardous forkliving with sharp corners:
Such varieties require more radical rejuvenating trimming.
Antonovka ordinary in the photo 
Borovinka in the photo
Varieties with weak and moderate branching and good kidney woys(Antonovka Ordinary, Borovinka and etc.). Characteristic frequency of fruiting on rings. Stimulate the formation of the thrifting sprigs on skeletal and half-plated branches.
Pepin saffron in the photo 
Melba in the photo
Varieties fruit on fruit twigs (Pepin saffron, Melb and etc.). Protecting growths to enhance branching and the formation of a larger number of converting branches.
Renet Simirenko in the photo 
Autumn striped in the photo
High-forming grades (Renet Simirenko, autumn striped and etc.). Need regular thinning of the crown.
Apple trees on dwarf-dwarf in most cases require minimal forming trimming, especially if the varieties themselves have a moderate branch. In most cases, apple trees on dwarf inventions are well reacting to the rejuvenating trimming.
This video shows the cropping apple trees of different varieties:
Fashionable recently colon-shaped apple trees require proper trimming, which is not as used for other species. Often pruning with colonum apple trees is not needed at all, because it is usually low-grade. The peculiarity of the colon-shaped apple trees is very short increments and the presence of rillies on all branches, including skeletal branches (if they are), and even on the trunk!
To direct all the forces of the tree for fruiting, in the middle of the summer, the long growth of the current year is plugged. If this is not done, the apple trees lose the rigorous colonic appearance, turn with long skeletal branches and it turns out something similar to the tree on the dwarf laying, only with a rare crown. In case of damage or removal of the top kidney, several strong shoots are in growth: if there is enough space, you can leave those that are well located. This option has the right to exist. But if the "column" was acquired with another purpose, and there is little place, then you have to choose one escape and strongly shorten the rest.
Often, gardeners, acquiring a colon-hair apple tree, dream of a "stick", covered with large bulk apples. Alas, a small size of fruits - a varietal feature, pruning and feeding will not make fruit larger. On the other hand, breeders took care of compensation - apples are easy to assemble, they have a rich aroma and dessert taste.
On this video shows the pruning of colonum apple trees on panstone:
In recent years, the apple tree has become a popular decorative culture, you can find many varieties on sale, usually fine-forming, with various shared woodwork (or) of coloring flowers and leaves. Cutting with decorative apple trees will need unequal, its character depends on the shape of the crown. However, any graft forms have shoots that appeared below the vaccination location, remotely and immediately.
Apple tree favings in the photo 
Apple tree favings with bright raspberry flowers in the photo
Apple tree Nedzvetsky Attracts not only with leaves with a purple shade of varying degrees of severity, but also brightly raspberry flowers. The fruits of this species are quite large, and from apple trees traditionally grown in the gardens, they differ mainly unusual, dark, color. The formation of an apple tree of this species, exactly the same as the apple tree usual to us. Similarly come with large-sized decorative varietieshaving a classic crown form.
The ball shape of the apple tree favors in the photo
Character forms, grafted on a high strain, require minimal trimming. Delete all the shooting shoots, if necessary, perform sanitary trimming and maintain the correct crown shape.
Popular rebuilding apple trees will now require a different approach. These are also grafted apple trees at a high strap. In order for the "umbrella" thick and beautiful, regular trimming is required with the beautiful name "Candelabrow". Take care carefully - the branch branches form, ascending bending in the upper part. There and cut on the kidney aimed up. Below this kidney should remain at least two or three. Thus, severe swambering shoots will grow from the remaining kidneys, and the umbrella will be durable and durable. In order not to deprive yourself of joy, it is not worthwhile to "folly" a tree. If you want to admire the decorative flowers and the fruits of your apple trees, you have to trim the crown in parts.
Theoretically, the apple tree can be made and a condensed live elevation, just why? Indeed, in this case will have to forget about flowers and fruits.
In order to protect the fruit trees from death in the harsh winters, they are vaccinated on the strab and skeletons. The variety used as a strain and skeletoid formative must be winter-hardy, heavy, so that the single-air can be chopped at the desired height, with a strong crown skeleton, which would maintain a greater load load, with durable angles (60-70 °) of skeletal drying, Have good compatibility with bring.
All these requirements for the apple are answered by the sort of sharpening, and for a pear - the topic. Sharkay is well compatible even with indicator varieties - papulation and grandmother, characterized by poor compatibility with some ingredients. As a set for growing a strabamine and skeletoid formator for an apple tree, the seedlings of Antonovka ordinary are better. At this sighter in the in the summer or cutlets in the spring, the shackles are vaccinated. After a single-tailed charter is obtained, at an altitude of 110-130 cm vaccinated the required variety ( fig. nineteen). Such a height will protect from low temperatures On the surface of the soil. In the future, the crown will be formed from a graft cutlery. To increase the winter-hardiness of the felling agent, the shooters arising on the strain of the first two or three years should not be cut, but only to pinch over the fifth-sixth sheet and only after two or three years of fruiting cut into the ring.
If you do not form a crown in a timely manner, the apple trees begin to overload the amount of fruits, the quality deteriorates, the frequency of fruiting is formed, the winter hardiness of the trees decreases. Krona Apple trees should have a form that will provide good crops with high quality fruits. In other words, if you do not crop fruit trees, then the crown will grow much faster, before fruiting will begin, the crops will grow faster. But after a few years, the condition of the trees will begin to deteriorate significantly.
Trimming over the kidney spend a sharp secret, without cutting too much over the kidney (without damaging it), but not leaving hemp;
Choose the kidneys forming the crown, that is, the kidney at the end of the escape after it trimmed should be directed to the desired side. So, the kidney at the end of the side escape should not be directed upwards and inside the crown;
The thinning of the branches of a thickness of up to 2-3 cm is carried out by a secateur, cutting them into the ring (this is a thickened place at the base of the branch);
Thickens Thicker 2-3 cm are removed by a garden saw. At the same time, at first, it should be done under it, otherwise it can break away under its weight and damage the central trunk or the bearing skeletal branch.
During thinning, the branches of the apple tree, reaching the crowns, unsuccessfully located and intersecting (thickening), patients and demolished apple trees going inside the crowns, unsuccessfully located and intersecting (thickening), patients and durable, wen grew on the strains and in the development of branches.
Preferably, branches are removed to the top of the bearing skeletal branches (in order to give them a more horizontal orientation).
Apple trees planted as autumn and spring, cut off in spring (before the swelling) after landing and equally.
Annual apple seedlings are usually still without side branches and cut them at an altitude of 80-100 cm from the soil level.
If annual seedlings with branches, then remove all shoots at an altitude of 40-70 cm above the ground. From growing above, those shoots that form a sharp angle are removed (such branches are often rolled under the weight of the fruit). If these shoots should be left, then it is necessary to pull them off their lobs (to the horizontal position). Apple tree with branches, located almost horizontally, earlier comes into fruiting.
The shoots that form a wide angle of dulling is cut off, leaving on them 3-5 kidneys. At the same time, those kidneys are chosen to trim so that after trimming, the final kidney was directed down and away from the conductor.
It is necessary to shorten the conductor (main trunk) so that it is higher from the ends of the side shoots by 15-20 cm.
Two-year-old seedlings having a trunk and several side shoots are cut into an aliest one-year escapes.
Leave 3-6 the strongest with the wide angles of severity of shoots, evenly located in the crown, the rest are removed. The false shoots are shortened: below the shoots are made up to 30 cm long, above are somewhat shorter, so that the lower tier is not higher than the subsequent. The conductor is cut into so that it is about 15-20 cm above the side shoots. If in parallel with the conductor grows competing escape, it is cut or delayed to horizontal (they make side).
In the first years of the growth of the apple tree, the purpose of its trimming is to form a uniformly desirable, well-lit and comfortable apple tree crown.
During this period, it is necessary to cut an apple tree on the ring, going inside the crowns, unsuccessfully located and intersecting (thickening), patients and durable.
During the first 3-5 years, the pruning should be minimal, otherwise the entry of an apple tree will be delayed in fruiting.
For the third year after landing, competitors of the continuation of the skeletal branches and the central conductor are completely removed before the rise of the vegetation, the increase in the central conductor is also crushed. It must be 15-25 cm above the tops of the side skeletal branches.
All other shoots are shortened to a length of 15-25 cm. It first serves to thicken the trunk, and then they turn into fruit sprigs. In places of thickening, part of such growths (especially competing, directed upwards and inward crowns or with sharp cast angles) are cut onto the ring. Fruit formations of the type of rill, kopec, spur, fruit branches do not touch.
In the fourth year, pruning is carried out, as in the third year. Continue to form a crown so that 5 skeletal branches are 5 skeletal. The increase in the continuation of the conductor is shortened by 1/4 - 1/3 (so that the remaining one-year part is 50-60 cm long).
Slipping, remove long (more than 70-80 cm).
In the figure, the carved branches are shown by an intermittent line.
From the fifth year, the apple should be correctly formed Krone, and the tree is ready for fruiting. Now every year only thinning the crown, remove the competing last year's gains, patients and damaged branches. The apple tree is fruit on branches laid last year, so they are cut care carefully.
For the convenience of care of the apple tree, dwarf varieties are chosen. Either, accordingly, form an apple tree, removing the central vertically growing conductor.
During the fertilization and aging of the apple tree, annual growths weaken, their length becomes no more than 15 cm, and the rejuvenating trimming is required. She starts by S. strong thinning Crowns: Cut the crowns going inside, thickening, crossed branches. It is better to remove 1-2 large thickening branches than a significant number of small twigs. To reduce the crown and improve its illumination, the leader is cut out with branches at an altitude of 3-3.5 m. Side branches are cut out branches growing up.
Read more about pruning a book.
