Energy sources, such as electricity, coal and gas, are constantly becoming more expensive.
People have to think more often about the use more eco-friendly systems Heating.
Therefore, it was developed Technical innovation in the field of alternative heat sources. To do this, began to apply solar collectors.
At the surface of this device there is a low reflectivity, due to which heat is absorbed. For heating room this mechanism uses the light of the Sun and its infrared radiation.
To heat the water and dig a housing is enough power of a simple solar collector. It depends on the design of the unit. A person can independently make equipment installation. For this you do not need to use expensive tools and materials.
Reference. The efficiency of professional devices is 80—85% . Homemade cost much cheaper, but their efficiency no more than 60-65%.
The structure of the equipment is simple. The device is a rectangular plate consisting of several layers:
The system includes 1-2 manifold, cumulative capacity and avankamer. The design is organized closed, so the sun's rays fall into it only and turn into heat.
The basis of the functioning of the installation - the thermophone. The coolant inside the equipment circulates independently, which will help to abandon the use of the pump.
Strong water tends to upwards, thereby cold and moving it to the thermal source.
The collector is tubular radiator, which is mounted in a woody box, one plane of which is made of glass. Pipes in the manufacture of an aggregate are used steel. Disagree and summing up pipes used in the water supply device.
The design works like this:
The device for recycling the energy of the rays of the sun, it has a coolant function. It serves to focus energy at the receiver of the emitter inside the product.
There are the following types:
Hubs reflect radiation with a large plane on a smallWhat helps to achieve high temperatures. The liquid absorbs heat and moves to the heating object.
Important! The price of appliances - notable, as well they require constant qualified service. Such equipment is used in hybrid systems, most often on industrial scales and allows you to increase the collector performance.
Currently, there are several varieties of solar heating collectors.
This device consists of a panel in which the absorber plate is mounted.This type of devices are the most common. The cost of aggregates is democratic and depends on the type of coverage, manufacturer, capacity and heating area. Prices for equipment of this type - from 12 thousand rubles.
Photo 1. Five flat-type solar collectors installed on the roof of the private house. The devices are tilted.
Similar collectors more often installed in private homesfor heating rooms and room supply hot water. The devices cope in order to warm water for summer soul in the country. Exploited them appropriate in warm and sunny weather.
Attention! Surface collectors It is impossible to darken by other buildings, trees and houses. This negatively reflects on performance. Mounted equipment on the roof or the facade of the building, as well as on any suitable surface.
You will also be interested:
The composition of the device:
The collector, which has a tubular coil, is a classic option. As an alternative to B. homemade structures Apply: Polypropylene material, aluminum cans from under beverages, rubber garden hoses.
The bottom and face of the system must be thermally insulated. If the absorber comes into contact with the case, then heat losses are possible. The outer part of the device is protected by tempered glass with special properties. Antifreeze is taken as a coolant.
The liquid heats up and enters the cumulative container, from which in the cooled form moves to the collector. The design is presented in two versions.: single-circuit and dual-integral. In the first case The liquid immediately goes to the tank, in second - It passes through a thin tube through water in the container, warming the volume of the room. As you move, it is cooled and moved back to the collector.
Photo 2. Scheme and principle of operation of a flat type solar collector. Arrows are part of the device.
The aggregates of this type are characterized by the following advantages:
Flat collectors are suitable for working in southern areas with a warm climate. Their minus ishigh sailness due to a large surface, so a strong wind can disrupt the design. Performance falls into cold winter weather. Install the unit ideally follows the southern side of the site or at home.
Device It consists of separate tubes, combined at the top and components of a single panel. Essentially, each of the tubes is an independent manifold. This is effective modern view, suitable for use even in the cold. Vacuum devices are more complex in relation to flat, so it is more expensive.
Photo 3. Solar collector vacuum type. The device consists of a plurality of tubes fixed in one design.
Applied For hot water supply and heating large visits. More often used at dachas and private households. Mounted on facades of buildings, scanty or flat roofs, special support structures. Function in a cold climate and with a short lighting day, without reducing efficiency. Because of high essentiality, also applied on agricultural land, industrial enterprises. This type is distributed in European countries.
The device includes:
The design of the unit is a series of tubular profiles installed in parallel. The receiver and vacuum tubes are made of copper. The block of glass tubes is separated from the external contour, due to which the collector's activity does not stop when the failure fails 1-2 tubes.Polyurethane isolation is used as additional protection.
Reference. Distinctive feature The collector is the composition of the alloy from which the pipes are made. it aluminum and protected by polyurethane copper.
Work design based on zero thermal conductivity vacuum. An airless space is formed by the tubes, which reliably retains heat formed from the rays of the sun.
Vacuum collector works like this:
Thanks to such work much heat transfer, and heat loss low. Energy can be maintained due to the vacuum layer, which effectively catches heat.
Photo 4. Scheme of the device of a vacuum solar collector. Composite parts of the device are indicated by arrows.
The advantages of this type of devices:
Equipment expensive, recoup which will only work in a few yearsafter use. The price of components is also high, if they are replaced, the help of a professional can be required. The system is not capable of self-cleaning from ice, snow, inlet.
Products are two types:with indirect and direct heat feed. The functioning of structures with an indirect feed is carried out from pressure in the pipes.
In devices with direct heat supply, the coolant container and glass vacuum fixtures are mounted to the frame at a certain angle, through the connecting ring of rubber.
Equipment connects to the lines of the water supply line through the valve of constipation, and controls the water level in the tank fixing valve.
You will also be interested:
Water is much more heathed than air. However, its use is associated with a number of household problems during operation (corrosion of pipes, pressure control, change of aggregate state). Actual collectors not so worst, have a simple design. The devices cannot be considered a full-fledged replacement by the rest of the species, but they are able to reduce utility costs.
Equipment of this type is used in the air heating of houses, drying systemsand for recovery (processing) air. It is used for drying of agricultural products.
Comprises:
Photo 5. Air solar collector for heating at home. The device is fixed vertically on the building wall.
The device is located close to the heating object.because of the larger heat loss in air highways.
Unlike water collectors, air do not accumulate heat, and immediately let it in insulation. Sunlight falls on external part Devices and heats it, the air begins to circulate in the design and heats the room.
Design the air collector you can independently using in the manufacture of sweater materials:beer cans made of copper or aluminum, chipboard panels, aluminum and metal sheets.
Photo 6. Scheme of the air collector device. The drawing indicates the main parts of the device.
Advantages:
From shortcomings:limited scope of application (heating only), low efficiency. At night, the equipment will work on air cooling if it is not closed.
Selecting a device depends on the purposes to which the work will be directed.Heliosystem is used to support air, ensuring hot water, water heating for the pool.
To calculate the possible power of the helium system, You should know 2 parameters: Solar insolation in a specific region at the right time of the year and an effective collector absorption area. These figures must multiply.
Vacuum devices Cool with work in the cold climate. Flat Show low performance in the frost and it will be better suitable for southern regions.
Less than others for functioning in the cold suits air construction So, at night she is not able to heat the air.
Inconvenience deliver severe precipitationAfter all, in winter, the equipment often falls asleep with snow and regular cleaning is required. Frosty air selects the accumulated heat, and the collector itself may be damaged by hail.
In industry, the use of heliosystems is more common. The energy of the Sun is used in the work of power plants, steam generators, water cleaners. To heat the water, garden or bath heating in domestic conditions, vacuum collectors are more often installed, less often flat. Aerial systems Help reduce the cost of heating, due to air heating during the daytime.
(Canada) developed a universal, powerful, efficient and one of the most economical solar parabolic hubs (CSP - Concentrated Solar Power) with a diameter of 7 meters, both for ordinary homeowners and industrial use. The company specializes in the production of mechanical devices, optics and electronic technology, which helped her create a competitive product.
According to the manufacturer's assessment, the Solarbeam 7M solar concentrator exceeds other types of solar devices: flat solar collectors, vacuum collectors, solar concentrators of the type "chute".
Appearance of solar concentrator Solarbeam
The automation of the solar hub tracks the movement of the Sun in the 2-planes and directs the mirror exactly in the sun, allowing the system to collect maximum solar energy from dawn to late sunset. Regardless of the season or place of use, Solarbeam supports the accuracy of guidance in the sun to 0.1 degrees.
The rays falling on the sunny hub focus on one point.
Stress - Testing
For the design of the system, 3D modeling and software stress testing methods were used. Tests are performed according to the MCE method (analysis by finite elements) to calculate the voltages and movements of parts and nodes under the influence of internal and external loads to optimize and check the structure. Such accurate testing suggests that SOLARBEAM can operate under conditions of extreme loads from wind and climatic conditions. Solarbeam successfully passed the wind load modeling up to 160 km / h (44 m / s).
Stress - Testing the compound of the frame of the parabolic reflector and racks
Photograph of the SOLARBEAM hub fixture
Stress testing of the rack of the solar hub
Level of production
Often, the high cost of manufacturing parabolic hubs prevent their massive use in individual construction. The use of stamps and large segments made of reflective material, reduced production costs. Solartron used many innovations used in the automotive industry to reduce the cost and increase the volume of products.
Reliability
Solarbeam was tested in the harsh conditions of the north, provides high performance and durability. SolarBeam is designed for any weather states, including high and low ambient temperatures, snow load, icing and strong winds. The system is designed for 20 -th and more years of operation with minimal maintenance.
The solarbeam 7M parabolic mirror is able to hold up to 475 kg of ice. This is about 12.2 mm the thickness of the ice cover across the entire area of \u200b\u200b38.5 m2.
The installation is working in the snowfall due to the curved design of the mirror sectors and the ability to automatically perform "auto cleaning from snow".
Q / a \u003d f '(τα) en kθb (θ) gb + f' (τα) en kθd gd -c6 u g * - c1 (TM-TA) - C2 (TM-TA) 2 - C5 DTM / DT
Efficiency for non-concentrating solar collectors was calculated using the following formula:
Efficiency \u003d F Collector Efficiency - (Slope * Delta T) / G SOLAR RADIATION
The performance curve for the SOLARBEAM of the hub shows a total high efficiency in the entire temperature range. Flat solar collectors and vacuum shows lower efficiency when higher temperatures are required.
Comparative SOLARTRON and flat / vacuum solar collectors
Efficiency (efficiency) SOLARTRON Depending on the difference in DT temperatures
It is important to note that the above diagram does not take into account the heat loss from the wind. In addition, the above data indicate the maximum efficiency (at noon) and does not reflect efficiency during for. Data is shown for one of the best flat and vacuum collectors. In addition to high efficiency, Solarbeamtm produces an additional up to 30% more energy due to the tracking of the sun on two axes. In geographic regions where they prevail low temperaturesThe efficiency of flat and vacuum collectors is significantly reduced due to the large area of \u200b\u200bthe absorber. SOLARBEAMTM has an absorber area of \u200b\u200bonly 0.0625 m2 relative to the energy collection area of \u200b\u200b15.8 m2, which is achieved by low heat loss.
Note also that in connection with the use of a two-axis tracking system, the SolarbeamTM hub will always work with maximum efficiency. The effective SOLARBEAM collector area is always equal to the actual surface area of \u200b\u200bthe mirror. Flat (fixed) collectors lose potential energy according to the equation below:
PL \u003d 1 - COS I
where pl losses in energy in%, from the maximum when displaced in degrees)
SOLARBEAM management uses EZ-SUNLOCK technology. With this technology, the system can be quickly installed and configured at any point of the Earth. The tracking system monitors the sun with an accuracy of 0.1 degrees and uses an astronomical algorithm. The system has the ability to general dispatch through remote networks.
Non-standard situations in which the "plate" will automatically be parked into a safe position.
In any case, especially for industrial use, it is very important to know the status of your system to ensure reliability. You must be warned before the problem arises.
Solarbeam has the ability to monitor via a remote Solarbeam monitoring panel. This panel is easy to use and provides important information about the status of SolarBeam, diagnostics and information on energy production.
Remote setup and management
Solarbeam can be remotely configured and quickly change the settings. "Plate" can be controlled remotely using a mobile browser or PC, simplifying or making unnecessary control systems at the installation site.
Alerts
In the event of alarm or need for maintenance, the device sends an email message to the assigned service personnel. All warnings can be configured according to custom preferences.
Diagnostics
Solarbeam has the capabilities of a remote diagnosis: temperature and pressure in the system, energy production, etc. At first glance, you see the status of the system.
Reporting and graphics
If it is necessary to obtain reports for the production of energy, they can be easily obtained for each "plates". The report may be in the form of a graph or table.
SOLARBEAM 7M was originally designed for large-scale CSP installations, so the installation was made as simple as possible. The design allows you to quickly collect the main components and does not require optical adjustment, which makes the installation and launch of the system inexpensive.
Montaja time
Brigade of 3 people can set one solarbeam 7m from beginning to end for 8 hours.
Requirements for placement
The Solarbeam 7M width is 7 meters with a 3.5 meter indent. When installing several Solarbeam 7m, an area of \u200b\u200babout 10 x 20 meters is required for each system to ensure maximum solar collecting with the smallest shading.
Assembly
The parabolic hub is designed to build on Earth using a mechanical lifting system, which allows you to quickly and easily install farms, mirrored sectors and fasteners.
Obtaining electricity using ORC installations (Organic Rankine Cycle).
Installations of industrial desalination of water
Heat energy for water debris plant can supply Solarbeam
In any industry, where many thermal energy is required for the technological cycle, such as:
A suitable place for installation are regions that receive at least 2000 kW * h sunlight on M2 per year (kW * h / m2 / year). The most promising manufacturers consider the following regions of the world:
Overall dimensions of the reflector
Details Published: 12.10.2015 08:32
Free step by step guide Contains all the necessary information to create your own 0.5 kW with your own hand. The reflecting surface of the device will have an area of \u200b\u200babout 1 square meter, and the cost of its production will cost $ 79 to $ 145, depending on the region of residence.
SOL1, such a name has received a sunset from Gosol, will take approximately 1.5 cubic meters of space. Work on its manufacture will take about a week. Materials for its design will serve iron corners, plastic boxes, steel bars, and the main working element is a reflective hemisphere - it is proposed to perform from pieces of ordinary bathroom mirrors.
The solar hub can be used for baking, frying, heating water or preservation of food, by means of dehydration. The device can also serve as a demonstration example. efficient work Solar energy will help many entrepreneurs of developing countries begin their own business. In addition to promoting a decrease in harmful emissions into the atmosphere, Gosol's sun hubs will help reduce the cutting down of the forests, replacing the heated wood with clean energy of the Sun.
The Gosol instruction can be used not only to create and practical application, but also for the sale of solar hubs that will help to significantly reduce the threshold of access to solar energy, which is mainly generated by photocalvanic solar panels. Their cost remains at extremely high level In regions where other ways to extract energy are often simply not possible.
Free solar concentrator instructions are available on the Gosol website, and to get it will need to leave your email address to which updated information will be sent. If you wish that the "sunny" initiative moves rapidly and on a larger scale, then you can support the company financially - startup still accepts cash contributions, the award for which will depend on the amount of donation.
A huge amount of free energy of the sun, water and wind and much more of what nature can give, people use long ago. For someone, it is a hobby, and someone cannot survive without fixtures that can extract the energy of the air. For example, in African countries, solar batteries have long become a saving satellite for humans, in arid villages, irrigation systems are introduced on solar panels, "solar" pumps for wells and others are installed.
In European countries, the Sun does not shine so brightly, but the summer is rather roast, and it is a pity when the darum energy of nature disappears in vain. There are successful developing furnaces on solar energy, but they use solid or prefabricated mirrors. This is firstly expensive, secondly takes the design and therefore it is not always convenient to use, for example, when the low weight of the finished hub is required.
An interesting model of the self-made parabolic sun hub created a talented inventor.
It doesn't need mirrors for its manufacture, so it is very easy and will not be a heavy cargo in the campaign.
To create a self-made solar concentrator based on the film, it takes quite a few things. All of them are sold on any broad market.
1. Self-adhesive mirror film. It has a smooth shiny surface and is therefore an excellent material for the mirror of the solar furnace.
2. Sheet of chipboard and the same size leaf of organics.
3. Thin hose and sealant.
First, two rings that need to be glued to each other are cut out of the wood-chipboard. In the photo and video appears one ring, but the author indicates that later he added the second ring. According to him, it would be possible to limit ourselves to one, but it was necessary to increase the space for the formation of sufficient concavity of the parabolic mirror. Otherwise, the focus of the beam will be located too far. Under the size of the ring, the circle is cut from the organity to form the rear wall of the solar hub.
The ring should be glued to the organic. Be sure to wake all the sealant well. The design should be completely sealed.
From the side carefully so that there are smooth edges, do a small hole inserting a thin hose to tightly. For tightness, the connection of the hose and rings can also be treated with sealant.
Tow the ring pull the mirror film.
Pump the air from the installation housing and thus form a spherical mirror. Hose Bend and clamp the clothespin.
Make comfortable stand For a finished hub. The energy of this installation is enough to melt the aluminum jar.
Attention! Parabolic solar reflectors can be dangerous and can lead to burns and eye injuries in careful appeal.
Look at the process of making the solar stove on video.
Used material from the burning site.ru. How to do sunny battery – .
