For the protection of communications from mechanical and corrosion destruction, durable and durable devices are needed. These properties have reinforced concrete trays - they are indispensable when mounting cable systems and pipelines, provide free access to them in emergency situations. In addition, products from reinforced concrete, serve to lead from buildings of rain and melting water.
Appointment, features and varieties
The trays are made of M-200 and above concrete, strengthened by its steel rods from class A-I, A-II reinforcement or wire BP-I. Technological process Vibratory pressing allows to obtain a dense reinforced concrete, resistant to aggressive external environmental factors. According to GOST 21509-85, requirements are presented in the following areas:
According to the design, the purpose of use, the method of installation of trays belong to the three main types:
They serve to transport water, differ in purpose and execution and perform the following functions:
Classification of drainage trays in shape:
Depending on the conditions set by the drainage project, they are selected solid or with an opening for vertical drainage. Trays for drains are suitable and prefabricated, various sizes (they are listed in the 3.006.1-2 / 87 series). The marking contains the letter l and two numbers: the first indicates the number in the series, the second is a vertical load on which the tray is calculated (than it is more, the deeper it is mounted). Manufacturers produce their various dimensions, for example, Erba offers products with such parameters: Length 0.72 - 6 m; width 0.4 - 1.84 m; Height 0.38 - 1.32 m.
Heat pipes are protected from corrosion, rodents, heat loss due to the installation of special channels of two types:
The advantages of modern devices before previously used by brick structures:
In the labeling tray for the heating mains indicate the letter (L or LC), its number from the 3.006.1 series, the calculated load. If the length differs from the standard (6 m), the number indicates the proportion of the standard size (2 denotes ½). The width of the products varies from 0.57 to 2.46 m, and the height is from 0.36 to 1.32 m.
Before you buy a progress trays, you should choose the product according to the calculated data: maximum load, sizes and form. After that, the products are selected at cost, checking the availability of certificates for them from the manufacturer. The average prices for trays are given in the table.
If the site is in a problem zone, for example, an uneven surface, then it is necessary to install special concrete trays. Such structures prevent the formation of waterstools. Construction of concrete chutes and canals sends drains into general sewers.
The design of this system is quite simple. The basis is concrete trays, drainage trays themselves are easy and represent a gutter unnecessary formswhich are selected depending on the sewage direction.
The drainage tray is a container that can be different in shape (rectangular, square or rounded) used to ensure the safety level of some objects from stormwater. Trays Washwritten concrete with grille are sometimes equipped with valves and locks.
Distinguish two types of trays:
They differ in form and are used in different areas.
For competent installation The drainage system on the plot will not pudd and dirt, besides, it extends the service life of a nearby surface
You can also divide drainage products by the load class, which they can withstand:
All concrete trays drainage can be divided into size. Now make trays concrete drainage and standard dimensions (1 meter), and different cross-sectional levels (10-50 cm).
Also manufacturers offer trays of water-driven. They are very popular in the area of \u200b\u200bcollecting and removing rain and melt waters. They are also, as well as drainage, are made of concrete. Scope is very wide: private construction, parking, sidewalks, roadside roads. Concrete raids are equipped with grilles and can be vertical water.
During the manufacture of trays of drainage concrete concrete with grille manufacturers adhere to GOST requirements 21509-85. According to him, there are several types of products, installation methods, equipment types, sizes and shapes. Separately, regulations for transportation, production and installation are prescribed.
The scope of application of trays is quite wide, they are:
Dimensions of the gutter determine its throughput and depend on regulatory value The number of precipitation in this area
All products must comply with the requirements of GOST:
Now also use two ways to manufacture concrete trays:
The process of manufacturing trays in such a method is not complicated. It happens as follows:
The concrete mixture consists of cement and a fine filler, which is subsequently fixed with a fiber consisting of polymer, steel or fiberglass. Preliminary all used metal products are processed from rust. Thanks to this production technology, ready-made drainage trays have not only many advantages, but also some disadvantages.
Table where you can see a number of basic qualities:
For drainage cars the most important indicators - It is frost resistance and moisture resistance
Vibrolier is simple, but quite slow and expensive method of production of concrete drainage trays. Products are not high quality. The manufacturing process is as follows: The drainage tray in the form is placed on a special vibrationtol and begins to be compacted by vibration. At the same time, the burden on the load on external part Tray, and the inner remains not sufficiently prophesy. In the future, this will lead to a fairly rapid destruction.
The process of installing trays in drainage systems is almost the same for private and industrial construction.
The installation of drainage concrete trays with their own hands begins with the preparation of the necessary documentation and search for suppliers with reasonable prices for products. If the drainage system is installed on the road surface, the equipment must be prepared according to galvanized and reinforced products. In the arrangement of the pedestrian zone, it is better to put concrete plates.
The main stages of installation work:
Concrete Channels and trays Waterfronts with bars are made from inexpensive raw materials, so the finished product can be bought at a low price.
Tray Concrete drainage is sold in a wide range, so the price will depend on the product size.
The cost depends OT technical characteristics And strength
For example, a pan reinforced concrete, weighing 7 kg, can be sold at a price of 200 rubles, and products, weighing 25 kg - 400 rubles.
Concrete drainage trays for scene can be bought in a specialized store from 300 rubles per meter.
On the installation of the drainage system with their own hands in the country is shown in the video:
Reinforced concrete trays are used for the installation of heating mains under ground conditions. Special requirements are put forward to indicators of the strength of such products, therefore trays are made of heavy concrete and heavy-duty steel categories BP-1 and A-1. The main purpose of the use of the progress tray is the engineering network laying.
In addition, trays accumulate air around the heating mains, contributing to energy saving, and also protect nets from destruction under influence groundwater.
The classification of such trays is carried out depending on the type of construction, the assembly process and functional process.
For example, the bonding trays are widely used for prefabricated drainage structures serving automotive highways. From the name of these structures it is easy to understand that they are assembled along the edges, and the main purpose of their use is the effective leading of water to the dumps of the roadway.
Objectives, the most significant principles and key requirements regarding international standardization work are appointed such a standard as GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions "and GOST 1.2-2009" Interstate standardization system. Standards interstate, rules and recommendations on interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, applications, updates and cancellations »
The standard under consideration regulates the installation of trays, the width in the light of which does not exceed 100 cm. It also concerns those products that are made directly when working, the main material is one-piece concrete. These trays are mounted in close proximity to the roads. This set of rules and requirements describes the standards of protection, labeling and transportation of products, in addition, offers its classification.
In addition, this GOST prescribes the requirements for lattices, a mortgage assist, including embedded, solid and prefabricated designs.
The requirements of the standard under consideration also concern those details of the referee and sandwishing containers that are structural parts of linear drainage structures. Admissible is considered to use drainage trays at the objects of landscaping of the territories distant from the automotive junctions.
The standard under consideration has absorbed such formulations:
Square of the Summer \u003d CO · L, L \u003d L + L+ L.+ L.
The main indicators that assess the quality of trays and lattices, as well as raw materials from which they are manufactured, look like this:
For trays made of concrete and its derivatives, the facial structure must comply with the requirements of not less than being put forward in category A6. External surfaces must comply with category A7 or standards that are relevant on the territory of the producer.
Trays must comply with the requirements of GOST, and those of their varieties that are made from reinforced concrete must meet the requirements for crack formation. The product during the verification process must withstand the loads claimed in the current standard.
The width of the discovery of cracks when checking for resistance to the formation of cracks on the outer walls of trays, livestone and sand-taking capacities, cast from reinforced concrete, should not be higher than 0.2 mm.
The product, on the surface of which, in the process of testing tests, at least minor cracks appeared, suitable for operation is not considered. Lattices must withstand control loads when testing for strength.
Resistance to the effects of low temperatures of concrete trays, livestone and sanding wells, as well as climbing trays should not be lower than the brand F200 when testing the second basic method. Resistance to the effects of low temperatures of polymer concrete trays can not be below the F200 brand when checking the base method NO2.
In cases where we are talking about border and slotted trays, the minimum thickness of the concrete protective layer cannot be below 30 mm.
The lattices produce from the cast iron of the brand not lower than the sch 20 according to GOST 1412, GOST 7293.
In cases where the land plot does not have natural conditions for removal of precipitation or vice versa, the site needs moisture, there is a need to use additional systems. The optimal solution becomes the arrangement of drainage sewage, equipped with concrete trays made.
Pipelines mounted from PVC parts have long been and deservedly popular, but their use is not always effective. In cases where application PVC pipe It is impossible, the use of concrete stocks becomes an excellent way out of their situation.
Concrete trays are the most popular main guides, which are widely used to arrange drainage channels from the territory of the site or vice versa to the site. The use of such effines in a single complex with drainage-type wells and others auxiliary equipmentSuch elements constitute full-fledged drainage sewer.
If we compare concrete trays with analogues from other materials (plastic, metal), the first are the following advantages:
It is possible to assume that such trays are 100% incorrect, since to increase the strength indicators, a mandatory condition is metallic reinforcement. From a technical point of view, such trays are a simple and reliable design, the basis of which is an open pipe. To date, such varieties of trays are most popular:
If you decide to make a drainage tray with your own hands, then act in the context of the following scheme:
On this video - the handicraft method of manufacture
Even with the total observance of the described technology, the service life of the tray made at home can differ significantly from the period of operation of the factory product, which is in itself logical. However, if followed by the described scheme, the tray you make will not give way to the one that was manufactured in the factory conditions according to the degree of efficiency in the process of work.
We look at how to make U - shaped water removal unit
Roads for cars and auxiliary aggregates on their territory are seriously affected by the destructive effects of precipitation and other atmospheric factors. Rainfalls in the form of rain are seriously changing the operation of roads, so their effective and timely removal plays a fundamental role.
The maximum harm of the stability of the design is becoming so-called. Free water. The process of operation is accompanied by significant fatigue road coatings, destruction of temperature seams, the appearance of cracks. In order to delay this process as much as possible, drainage structures are used.
Video about the installation of concrete trays on the track
The removal of surface water with automotive highways, polygons for testing and embankments exposed to groundwater, is characterized by a list of individual characteristics. Most often, they are due to strictly individual contours of the directional directions in the plan, the presence of the looped areas of the flow and congresses with large-scale multidirectional slopes, neighborhood and interaction with the territory of the city, etc.
The branching of transport arteries need the most efficient tension of water and redirect it beyond the road linen. The drainage systems should provide a stable, unobstructed flow of fluid, directing it along the longitudinal slope in the required direction. If the congresses of the union of highways intersect the embankment, then special throughput pipes are used for drainage.
1. The NO1 scheme is used to maintain the plots of highways, the total number of bands on which does not exceed six. In the context of this embodiment, the surface removal flows are moving parallel to sidewalks and are reset in the suggesting tanks, less often - in the sewer of a closed type.
2. The second scheme is widely used on large bridges and overpars with a significant width of the web, assumes a water removal system using transverse issues through special channels and blocks on sidewalks under the bridge or overpass, and in some cases through water packages with further transportation to the discharge network .
It is important to understand that the water removal system is selected and prescribed in each individual case individually, taking into account the specifics, which is observed in this area.
If railway or highways intersect, the urgent need to reset the water is in the sewage system to avoid contamination of the transport highways. In areas where floods are frequent phenomenon, it is very important to ensure the maximum stability of the slope cones. As a rule, cement or reinforced concrete is used to strengthen them.
Table 1 - Trays Classes
In the Moscow region as a strengthening material, asphalt concrete is quite widely used. The design of this type is characterized by excellent waterproofing qualities and in this sense significantly exceeds the design of concrete slabs.
In addition to those methods of strengthening, the speech-gutter, long-term trays and frame trays are quite widely used. In total majority situations, they are presented and produced only in factory conditions. A special need to apply such trays occurs in cases where the soil in the area of \u200b\u200bthe object is impregnated with liquid and is not stable. It is important to note that such elements are applied only for drainage and use them for strengthening is unacceptable.
Surface drains that play a prominent role in the formation and replenishment of the rainflow are characterized by minimal single-sided and double slopes that do not have the channel. Contrary to popular belief, their origin may not only be artificial, but also natural. The coefficient of water absorption is determined by the type of coating, coating strengthening, separation strips and types of soils of natural slopes of the adjacent territory. Speaking about the coatings of artificial origin It is worth saying that in the absolute majority of cases, their form turns out to be rectangular, which in itself is quite logical.
Table 2 - geometric dimensions of trays and limit deviations
In millimeters
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Name of internal size |
Limit deviation |
|
|
Outdoor tray height up to 500 Enable. |
Outdoor tray height of St. 500. |
|
|
up to 1000 included. |
||
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over 1000 to 4000 included. |
||
|
up to 500 included. |
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|
Height (diameter): |
||
|
up to 200 included. |
||
In addition to hydrotechnical structures in the territory of the Russian Federation, agrotechnical and wooded facilities, however, each of them has significant disadvantages. The first are effective only on those slopes whose steepness does not exceed 4 degrees, and the second becomes effective in no less than 12 years after the arrangement.
The removal of liquid sediments and groundwater through the top points of ravines by speed and water supply in the console type. Adjustment is carried out by earth shafts, specially equipped channels are used to remove water from delaying structures.
In the process of fixing ravines, as well as with the forced intersection of ravines and transport highways, it is required to equip bottom objects to combat erosion. To prevent blur, dams and dams and in general, these facilities justify themselves, demonstrating high efficiency in throughout the life.
Tray - Device open typeAligned cross-section. Applications are used for non-pressure water and hydraulic removal. Made trays of wood, reinforced concrete, metal, large number of other materials. Cross section Such structures may be:
If you classify such designs in the application area, then they can be:
Their main purpose is to protect cables and pipes, water removal. Contrary to popular belief, without the use of such structures, not only the construction of transport highways, but also therass, garage and parking complexes, high-altitude buildings of other objects is impossible. The main and main advantages are the rational application of the territory of the structure (roofing and premises of the land), the real perspective of cost reduction.
With a financial position, the use of trays fully justifies itself, because when mounting the designs of another type, but with similar trays, trays are much more reliable and cheaper.
Reinforced concrete structures, based on technical purposes, assembly varieties and installation order can be:
If we are talking about trays for pipelines, they are actively used for montage of communications laid underground. The most in demand in the housing and communal services. The drainage trays are used in the construction of hydraulic structures, it is assumed to be used to effectively remove groundwater and precipitation.
Actively apply to ensure the full operation of the runway, road highways, railway canvas.
But drainage reinforced concrete products Actively used as the main element of casting drainage and drainage designs. These systems are universal and widely used for improvement as large-scale, industrial facilitiesand private sites.
Cable reinforced concrete trays, as follows from their name, are used to layer power lines.
The generally accepted designation of this type of trays - UBB, their main purpose - the defense of the elements electrical systems From mechanical damage with possible contact with moisture and soil. Interport and inter-ship trays are used to effectively drive water from the railway canvas.
The main advantages of pipelines collected using such trays are traditionally and well referred to:
It was these factors that the products under consideration are indispensable.
1032 View
Concrete waste trays are one of the most necessary parts in the construction and organization of rainwater removal systems from buildings and with cable systems. Consider what trays are and how they are used.
The strength and durability of concrete structures ensures the quality and water resistance of the concrete brand, which is used for the shape bay. That is why, at the base of the trays, the mixture of the brand is not lower than M-200. In addition, the base is the rods from the class A reinforcement or the wire base of the BP-I brand. The quality of the finished product is regulated by the requirements of GOST 21509-85.
Here are the main parameters that are spelled out in GOST:
Depending on the ratio of all the parameters listed above, three directions of using concrete drainage trays are distinguished:
From the title of the product it is clear that they are used to organize drainage and wastewatering. Functions performed by these products:
In accordance with GOST distinguish three main types:
At the same time, the first and second form can be both with a flat flat inner base and in the form of a circular gutter.
All major characteristics, as well as, the scope of their application can be found from the marking. It is especially important to explore the labeling during the construction or installation of pipelines in complex natural conditions. For example, when laying the tracks in soil susceptible to seasonal fluctuations: a swampy terrain, the presence of a clay layer, the presence of groundwater.
This can also include work that are manufactured in the conditions of the Far North. Here, the most important requirement is resistance to low temperatures.
Water-graded trays are marked with the letter l, and two digits mean the number of the series and the maximum vertical load.
For the convenience of mounting, trays are two types: prefabricated and holistic.
Common models: Lengacles range from 0.72 meters to 6 meters, and width from 0.4 meters to 1, 84 meters, edge height from 0.38 meters to 1, 32 meters.
The main purpose of these trays is the reliable protection of the pipeline from corrosion, cutting heat loss and pipe protection from rodents. For sewage and heat mains I use two types of trays:
The advantage of concrete trays in front of brick analogues:
To use the sewage trays, the letter K, and for the heatingrass letter L.
Compare the cost of various concrete trays.
Buying a tray, you need to analyze all the parameters of the product you choose: load, dimensions, method of assembly and availability of a certificate.
The average price for one tray of the LC type 350 mm is 350 mm and by 2970 mm, will be 1,700 rubles. It can be used to provide drain systems. For example, during the construction of highways or bridges.
The product l 2-8 \\ 2 with parameters 360 mm by 570 mm and by 2970 mm will cost 2450 rubles. These trays are broader and ideal for the construction of drainage systems of pleasure tracks and removal of rainwood from residential buildings.
LC 300. 4 5.30-1, has the following dimensions of 280 mm per 430 mm and 2990 mm. The price of this tray will be 3315 rubles. Such products are ideal for mounting the heating systems and laying the cable.
The most expensive option is L 10-8 \\ 2 with parameters of 550 mm by 1480 mm and 2970 mm. The cost of this product is 6600 rubles.
