By constructive features distinguish batteries in the form of sliders and clips.
Battery screwdriver in the form of a slider
But these are insignificant differences compared to batteries. And the slider, and the clip is used in different types of batteries.
Battery screwdriver in the form of a clip
There are three types of batteries for a screwdriver:
Lithium - polymer batteries (Li-POL) are not made for screwdrivers. The main areas of their application are: smartphones, cell phones, tablets, laptops, radio-controlled devices, electric vehicles.
Nickel - cadmium batteries are the cheapest, quickly charge, have more than a thousand charging cycles. Batteries are resistant to exploitation at low temperatures. But they have the effect of memory. That is, you can only charge them after complete discharge, otherwise the container will fall. They have a high self-discharge current. They are made of toxic materials and difficult to dispose of them. These batteries enjoy the greatest demand.
Nickel - metalhydride batteries are more expensive, not toxic, have a low memory effect. Self-discharge current is more nickel - cadmium. Capacity above, charge cycle more than five hundred. These batteries are worse to carry high discharge rate. They are less suitable for maximum tool power. They need to be constantly recharged.
Lithium - ion batteries are more expensive, more powerful, quickly charge. They have no memory effect. Low self-discharge current. The voltage of the battery elements is greater, therefore their number is less. Therefore, the dimensions and weight of such batteries are less than Nickel. But they cannot be discharged completely, otherwise they will have to buy a new one through several such cycles. To improve the quality of lithium-ion batteries, manufacturers are installed in the battery case or screw-inserts a micrower controlling the battery operation. Multi-level multistage protection is formed:
The control board installed in the battery case is more efficient. When the battery lies separately from the screwdriver and is not used, the chip controls its condition and in case there are a chain in case of some problems. The battery is completely protected.
What could be the problems with batteries:
Nickel batteries can be restored. And lithium can not, since they are decayed lithium. Here you can only replace the unsuitable batteries.
Be patience and proceed to repair.
Disassemble the battery neatly. Do not use power not to damage the case.
Inside there are several sequentially soldered elements. Such a cassette provides the required voltage and current characteristics for the battery. In some nickel batteries, a thermal sensor is attached to the elements.
The thermal sensor of the nickel battery is attached to the elements
In lithium - ion batteries, everything is more complicated. There is a controlling board, and the elements are closed in a protective case or film.
Lithium - Ion Battery
A new battery before use must be fully charged. The average ambient temperature is from 10 to 40 degrees. On the chargers there are light bulbs. When they show that the battery is charged, you must immediately disable the process.
For the discharge of the battery, the load in the form of a lamp voltage of 12 volts is used. It is connected by crocodiles to terminals. If the battery is disassembled, then to the outputs of the serial circuit of batteries. The discharge process will take less than an hour.
The second way of proper discharge is the use of the "smart" charger of the type IMAX B6, which is very convenient to rock batteries. In it, you can configure the parameters of the current and voltage for charge and discharge of the battery. Install automatic cycling mode for battery roll. That is, you do not need to constantly monitor the container and tension. The device will make it for you. It is provided up to 5 cycles. Moreover, at the end you can see the current and voltage values \u200b\u200bafter each cycle and analyze the result.
IMAX B6 Charger
After complete charging, disassemble the battery. Inspect the items for blinking and oxidation. Multimeter or tester measure the voltage of all items. Voltage limits for different batteries:
Diagnostics tester.
Diagnosis Tester
Battery banks are wrapped in a paper shell. Voltage is applied on each element. If all cans have a normal voltage value, discharge the battery at half the power. Again measure the voltage. Those elements in which the voltage decreased by 0.5 - 0.7 volts compared with the average, to be recovered or replaced. About such banks say "flows."
If the charger is normal, check the contacts between the battery and the charger. Charger contacts could raise. Because of this, the battery does not charge. Disassemble the device and adjust the terminals. The second reason may be failed or disappearing temperature sensor. It must be soldered or replaced with a new one.
When the battery charger and tool, the battery is quickly charged and discharged when oxidizing and contaminated. Periodically wipe contacts.
Swinging electrolyte occurs due to an accelerated charge and reloading. If the items did not swell and after a complete charge show the operating voltage, they can be restored without replacement. It is necessary to fill the empty volume of distilled water.
If this method does not help, then replace banks to new ones.
When you conducted diagnostics and revealed defective banks, you must purchase them to replace. New elements must be fully coincided in size and specifications.
Many screwdriver owners with nickel - a cadmium battery faced such a problem that when they need to use it, the battery is always discharged. And the permanent charging kills it due to the memory effect. Therefore, we rewind such a battery on lithium - ion.
The source of lithium batteries can be an old battery from a laptop or you can buy new ones. Laptop and new banks unprotected. It is impossible to use them without protection, because you will not be able to charge them and control the discharge. And when rechailing, they will safely die. It is allowed to connect in parallel with absolutely identical batteries, then they will work as one. Check the protection module for successively connected batteries, which controls each item separately and takes care of it. Watch for tension and current, provides protection against short circuit. Such modules are for one, two, three and four batteries.
Holder for 1 battery
Holder for 2 batteries
Holder for 3 batteries
Holder for 4 batteries
To increase the tank, you can add parallel to the connected items. Wash lithium batteries can not be soldered. They can be put in Holders and solding the contacts of holding holders. Or connect nickel-plated ribbon and contact welding, which allows you to quickly heat a very small area, and the battery will not suffer.
For contact welding, we will need:
Put the ribbon on the battery, press the contacts in the welding place. Low current short. On the battery it can be made with a sharp short contact with the terminal. The button of the primary winding of the transformer is the button. For the convenience of welding, connect the elements with glue. Boil according to the scheme, bending small pieces for fastening the measuring wires for the module. "+" And "-" all the assembly solder to the module.
Exit from the battery needs to make thick wires. If you do not have a larger diameter heat shrink tube, wrap everything with a tape. The battery thus obtained will be very compact and neat.
Heat-shrink tubing.
Skeeping tube for batteries
Take the old battery and disassemble. Leave only a protective thermal sensor in it, since without it the charger will not work. Sold down a new battery, and free space fill in foam or cardboard.
Now the most important thing. How to charge such an assembly? You need to charge the voltage equal to the sum of the maximum allowable voltages on each battery. The recommended charge current must be half the capacity of one battery. Such a custom source is a complex charger of the type of Chinese IMAX B6. In it, you can set the number of batteries and the desired charge current.
Basic methods of restoration of nickel batteries:
Seal (compression).
Eliminating the memory effect.
Adding distilled water instead of a swollen electrolyte.
Squeeze the jar can be tightly and evenly over the entire surface. Try not to damage the contacts. The electrolyte will be densely and its accumulative opportunities will be restored.
The effect of memory is easily detected. After a complete charge, the battery is quickly discharged while working. After a few hours, it functions again. To erase the memory effect on the battery, an electrical capacitance pulse is supplied, greater than usual.
In lithium-ion batteries, elements are not subject to recovery. They are replaced with workers. It is necessary to disappear controlling fee, and non-working elements are replaced and assemble also, as when the battery rewakes in lithium is ion.
If lithium - an ion battery does not charge from native charging, try to do it with IMAX B6. Exhibit the "NiMH" mode and follow the voltage carefully. When it reaches 3 Volt, switch to LiION mode. Continue to charge as usual. This process must be made briefly. And be sure to control the voltage. If you leave the battery on charging and forget about it, he recaptures and fails. If it did not help, then look for defective batteries and change them.
Before use, be sure to read the instructions for the device.
Nickel - Cadmium batteries before storage, discharge, but not completely, and so that the screwdriver does not work in full strength. After a long storage, rally the barathery just as before first use.
Nickel is metalhydride batteries before storage. If you do not use more than one month, recharge it periodically. After long storage, put no charge per day.
Lithium - ion batteries can be charged at any time. They have the lowest self-discharge current. The main thing, do not discharge them completely. If during operation the instrument stopped working in full force, do not risk. Charge the battery.
As you can see, the repair of the battery is not so complicated. If you properly diagnose, you can independently repair all types of batteries.
postroika.biz
Hey! Today we will repair the accumulator of the screwdriver. And you know that the history of the creation of a screwdriver is rooted in a deep Middle Ages - already in the 15th century, when the knights were in front of the battle in the armor, and the squares helped them twist parts of the armor guess what? Screwdriver!
So it lasted for a long time, while in 1907, the Canadian inventor Peter Robertson did not patent the Robertson screw with a standard square hole in which the sting of a screwdriver was inserted. From this time, the screws began to produce on an industrial scale and apply in the household. Later, in 1934, Henry Phillips, the inventor of Henry Phillips frustrated the screw cap and the screw with the crossed notch appeared, the corresponding screwdriver was inserted into the robust. By that time, the engine and the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a "rotator of screws and screws" Vitala in the air was already invented. However, there were big problems with batteries - their weight and dimensions. It was possible to solve the problem only in the 1980s, when the first nickel cadmium Ni-Cd and lithium-ion Li-ion battery elements appeared.
The production of household and professional battery drills and screwdrivers were first mastered the United States and Japan. All this happened due to the emergence of new energy-intensive electricity batteries. Just them and we will be changed in urgency inside the intercole da-10 / 10.8 ER who fell into me in the hands of the battery drill-screwdriver. The fault was such - when the button is pressed, the engine simply did not spin, but the LED lights up, the truth was weakly.
from the handle of the screwdriver and unscrew the three screws, which are located under the sticker below.
After unscrewing the screws, carefully move the latch hooks as in the photo and remove the lower part of the plastic battery case.
Inside, we see the lithium-ion banks of the Chinese company Highstar model ISR18650-1300 Li-Ion - and this means that the batteries have never changed, because it is known that the intercol is purchased by elements of nutrition from this company and inserts them in almost all their rechargeable tools. .
Below in the photo presents the insides of the accumulator of the screwdriver in all its glory with banks in the number of three pieces produced in 2011. Five years have laid these batteries in active operation at a construction site, so that the result is very worthy - they usually die before, probably not exploited them in the frost.
To replace the battery banks, you need to analyze it even more. I advise you to remember the location of contacts of the plus, minus and charging, so as not to confuse the wires when reverse assembly.
Pay attention to the voltage control fee on power elements - stabilizers and protective diodes are particularly often in order. Be sure to sound a multimeter suspicious radio elements on this board.
We check the voltage at the battery output - it turned out 4.4 volts, and it should be 3.7 x 3 \u003d 11.1 volts normally and 10.8 volts with a minimum charge of batteries. In general, banks died - they need to change it unequivocally.
This can be done in several ways - you can disappear wires that go to the board.
You can also simply remove the contacts from the top cover of the batteries - the photo shows what form has curved contacts, so that you can easily remove them yourself.
Under the plastic lid we see how the batteries between themselves are connected - they are welded with point welding - this is used in almost any batteries of another tool - this is a reliable and gentle connection of batteries - with the destructive heating of the lithium batteries themselves is minimal.
Gently we ride or bite the plaques with a metal ribbon to disconnect the cans from each other. On the board, they are also connected to the ribbon and planted on the glue to the cardboard gasket so that nothing closes on the board. You must not forget it to return it to the place when the battery is reversed.
New lithium-ionic elements in the absence of a dot welding machine will solder a good-hot powerful soldering iron very quickly. We remember that the heating of lithium-ion batteries reduces their life and is generally explosive.
Pay special attention to the state of the wires inside the battery - they can be durable or fears - they need to be high quality or replace them with fresh. Since I carried out the repair of the accumulator of the screwdriver on the departure in the field, it was necessary to apply the ingenious invention of the engineering mind - a blue radiotechnical isolate.
When disassembling the accumulator of the screwdriver Interskol Da-10/10.8 ER I was pleasantly surprised - a thermal sensor was put in a budget screwdriver to control the temperature of batteries. It turns out that when overheating lithium cans - the protection circuit shuts off until the temperature is restored to normal. True, the owner never worked to drive it into such a regime. This thermal sensor is gently retreated in order not to break - then place it in the same place on new banks.
you can in different ways, for example thick wires. I decided to solder a torn metal ribbon, removed from the old cans. At first she launched the tapes in the places of future contacts from two sides, then a well-hot soldering iron with a drop of solder was heard the contacts of the batteries, but so that they did not heat them hard - let them cool. Then he pressed the ribbon to the contacts of the cans and soldered the ribbon again without strong overheating of the battery cans.
The most difficult of all the minus conclusions are soldered, but with a good flux it goes very quickly. True flux is then better to launder to clean the internal batteries.
Now the most important thing is what elements were used when I did the repair of the accumulator of the screwdriver Interskol Da-10 / 10.8 ER Ask you? Well, I will not hide - these were the most Chinese cheap cans that the owner of the device honestly bought in the store. Bailong firming size 6650 sizes with a fictitious capacity of 8800 mAh. This is certainly laughter and God forbid that there are 2200 mAh, and by how the screwdriver worked for a long time after repairing on a complete charge, I would reduce this figure even twice. Nevertheless, the screwdriver is urgently reinforced and pleased the owner.
When assembling, do not forget to return the cardboard gasket between the banks and the board, so that fresh soldering did not block anything on the board.
On this repair and restoration of the lithium-ion battery of the screwdriver Interskol Da-10 / 10.8 ER completed. Alternatively, almost all accumulators of popular manufacturers of screwdrivers are repaired: Bosch, Makita, DeWalt, Metabo, Hitachi, Elitech, Skil and my favorite bison. This end my story about the repair of the accumulator of the screwdriver. Ask questions in the comments, and even better in the appropriate branch on our forum or write to the mail to the Master soldering.
Sincerely, master soldering. Successful repairs!
masterpaiki.ru.
Any screwdriver is equipped with two batteries, which allows you to work with it for a long time. But sooner or later, it is necessary to deal with the fact that the battery sits down, it does not charge at all and needs to be replaced. It is often necessary to purchase a new one, and if it succeeds, then at a very high price. Therefore, they say it is easier to buy a new tool, or repair the accumulator of the screwdriver itself.
On the Internet there are a large number of videos in which electronics lovers clearly show how to carry out a screwdriver battery with their own hands. If you seriously pose a question, think about saving money and whether it is possible to repair the screwdriver with your own hands, viewing such rollers can be a good start in order to repair the battery in the future.
The rechargeable blocks of the home instrument on their device are almost no different from each other, regardless of the tool model (Bosch, Mcita, Hitachi). They are packed in a plastic housing consisting of two parts. The number of batteries can be different, depending on the output voltage of the tool used. All elements are soldered in a certain sequence. The withdrawal ends or terminals, on which the battery voltage measurements are usually produced, outwardly.
Most of the accumulator blocks of the screwdriver or drills are arranged so that they are very simply disassembled, regardless of whether we carry out the repair of the intercol screwdriver accumulator, or another model. Several fastening screws need to be turned using a conventional screwdriver. There are batteries that disassemble difficult, but can be disabled with a screwdriver and a peer knife. The glue layer is removed by the knife, and two conjugated surfaces are moved to the sharp self-tapping screw.
The difference between the screwdriver batteries from each other can be in the presence or absence of a thermal sensor, which automatically turns off the battery under critical heating conditions (above 50 ° C). The sensor constantly monitors the temperature not only under load, but also under the current charge of the battery. The controller reads all the data and processes them, "remembers" the container and other indicators. As soon as the container reaches 80-90%, and the voltage is 14 V, the control unit turns off. Such batteries serve for years without losing their technical characteristics.
The market offers a large number of inexpensive models of the screwdrivers. Cheaper devices do not have such technical devices, and all the processes should be monitored independently.
How to reanimate a screwdriver battery? Three methods can be distinguished:
Translated from English, this means burning the nickel-cadmium battery, using short high current pulses within a few seconds. It can be said that this is a kind, emergency resuscitation of nutrition elements. Immediately it should be noted that this option is rather risky, and not every battery is able to withstand a high current "shocketer". It is possible to use high current only if nickel-cadmium batteries are installed in the screwdriver. Other acb (nickel-metal hydride, lithium-ion) is categorically impossible to express such an effect.
The essence of purge is to destroy the high current of the crystals formed inside the nickel-cadmium batteries. These crystals are called dendrites, and due to their growth, the capacity of the battery is gradually decreasing. "Pumping" by high currents quickly destroys the formed crystals and sharply reduces the self-discharge of the battery.
It is argued that Zapamping can be effective for any NICD, even if they are completely discharged to zero or lay without use of 10 or 20 years. The question always stands in the likelihood of successful repair in such "heavy" cases - when the batteries are "Read" in this way, it is either crowned with success or not. However, try to revive them does not hurt. Of course, observing the maximum caution.
For recording, you will need:
You should not use an ordinary power supply unit as a charger. Even if the strength of the current in such chargers is 10-15 A, they will not withstand strong tension. With the help of two-way clamp on one terminal, a dense contact is ensured, and the electrode itself will be held on another terminal. It is impossible to keep it with your fingers: during the burning it will grow up. The zero-electrode is a piece of wire, which is rolled by a tight beam (no insulation). It has a maximum of 1.5 mm2, and the length is 6-7cm.
Instead of a more high-quality welding machine, especially bold electronics fans are repaired by batteries, and use the usual soldering iron. But the tool for point soldering will be preferable to repair. Defense means (bathrobe, glasses, special non-flammable substrate) are necessary because during the purge of high current always appear sparks.
It is better to blow every battery separately, an actions algorithm:
You need to poke very quickly and neatly, not allowing the electrode to even deteriorate to the pole of the Ni CD of the screwdriver, in order to avoid full accumulation of the battery. On the plus electrode it is recommended to wear a protective intermediate, or hook "crocodile" to protect the surface of the Pole acb.
The procedure is repeated up to 25 times - as long as the battery capacity is restored. During the entire process, it is necessary to constantly monitor the accumulators temperature. The gaps between the scaves should be at least 15 minutes. Only in this case the reanimized battery will remain a chance to extend the service life.
If the battery capacity drops, it means that, at a minimum, several of its elements failed. All battery can not "sit", so at first it is necessary to find the most informative batteries in the chain, and then disassemble the battery and replace them with new ones.
New batteries can be ordered at any online store. At the same time, it is important to buy those elements, the type and the container of which fully correspond to the previous one. If nickel-cadmium batteries cost in the screwdriver, then it is necessary to acquire the same, with a similar level of container. If you manage to get the same battery, you can remove the most capacious elements from it and put into one that is repaired.
The search for the serving batteries in the chain can be carried out in two ways:
For the first method, you will need only a multimeter:
On batteries that are marked with a cross, "failures" in the voltage will be much larger than that of the others - most often, below 1 V. With regard to the difference between the indicators U in the battery, then if it is for at least 0.5-0.7 V, It is very essential.
The second way of finding the "sorting" batteries is less labor-intensive and simpler. If the output voltage of the screwdriver is 12 V, the lamp is needed with the same output voltage.
Procedure:
"Sorting" batteries are easy to separate because the voltage after the discharge falls the most.
So, elements that have failed, new acquired, and can now begin directly to repair the AKB.
To repair the battery, you will need:
Point welding in the case of partial repair of the battery is optional. But during the soldering you need to carefully monitor not overlay the elements. Connect batteries with each other best with the help of those plates that they have. If they broke while parsing the battery for individual elements, it will be necessary to make new copper plates.
Do not forget about polarity. Each element of the accumulators for the screwdriver is connected to the neighboring principle of a specific sequence. Minus one banks need to be connected with a plus another, and minus other banks must be connected with a plus of the third, and so on.
After the chain is re-assembled, you need to take care that the voltage potential of all elements was equal. To do this, leave the battery on charging for the whole night, then they must cool over the next day. After that, the voltage is performed on each element. If the soldering and the charge cycle were spent correctly, the multimeter will show on all batteries about the same figure U - 1.3 V.
Now you need to spend for a battery at least two charge-discharge cycles in a natural way: put a repaired battery in your native screwdriver and work to them until a complete discharge.
By the way: partial repair of the Li-Ion accumulator of the screwdriver can be carried out by which requires minimal financial costs. If the battery pack 18650 is installed in the block, actually borrow from the old non-working laptop, if there is an opportunity.
The required number of elements can be ordered in any online store, depending on the number of old batteries. It is important to pay attention to that all of them initially the same capacity.
You can completely replace all elements of the battery pack to new nickel-cadmium batteries. They cost much cheaper than nickel-metal hydride, and, compared to other batteries, the most lively and hardy. However, in recent times, independent alteration of batteries "from cadmium on lithium", in other words, installation instead of old Ni-Cd new lithium-ion batteries is still practiced.
Despite its reliability, nickel-cadmium batteries can quickly fail because they have a consistent connection to each other without balancing boards. If the batteries of one batch of manufacture, their parameters will still have a large scatter with each other. With this connection, one element will be charged faster, the other is slower, and the third can and recharge.
If the manufacturers of cadmium batteries did balancing boards, as for lithium batteries, Ni-CD could work much longer. But manufacturers are just unprofitable. As for lithium elements, balancing fees in such battery blocks are established because overheating without them can occur with the subsequent explosion: here manufacturers simply have nowhere to go. About what battery is better for a screwdriver, you can learn here →
To make a complete replacement of batteries in a screwdriver with nickel-cadmium on lithium-ion, you will need:
Before starting soldering, discharge batteries. Select old batteries from the block and release contacts. The old thermal sensor is better not to throw away, but leave it as additional protection From overheating lithium.
Now the main thing is to secure lithium. In advance, cut off the wiring of the desired length, isolated, in silicone, very thick to avoid their melting during lithium heating. The vehicle is cleaned by the platforms of batteries under the soldering.
Heat a soldering iron, up to 300 ° C, and start a soldering with flux and lead solder. Flux must be a good quality, non-conductive current. Never use acid fluxes. It follows at no more than 2 seconds to avoid lithium overheating. In order for heat to go faster, you can apply any iron object after soldering to the battery, taking heat.
Give the batteries to cool and connect the "pluses" with "minuses", as usual. Check the overall voltage. Its indicator should be an average of 20.7 V, if elements 15 pieces.
After measuring the voltage, the board joins. All its wiring needs to be laid with special gaskets so that nothing is "crushed" when working. The entire rechargeable block is scrapped with heat-resistant tape, designed specifically for insulation of batteries and their contacts.
Wires and connector solder. If the contacts are "dangling", they can be put on the thermocons. Now, finally, you can finally collect the accumulator block of the screwdriver and check its work.
Sometimes it seems that the Hitachi screwdriver accumulator is repaired (or another tool) is very difficult. But if you understand general principles, such as the basics of electronics, the battery device from the inside, the types of batteries and the main principles of correct soldering, it becomes clear how to repair the battery for the screwdriver yourself. This will not only save funds, but also will contribute to the acquisition of valuable and useful skills.
batteryk.com.
In the arsenal of any good owner, it will certainly be escaped in everyday life - screwdriver. The main advantage is mobility. After all, this device works from removable batteries, which makes it use as convenient as possible, because it is not necessary to connect to the power outlet. But what if the rechargeable battery (AKB) is a screwdriver failed? Buying a new one will be quite expensive, because its value in some models comes to 50-70% of the price of the screwdriver itself. It will be much more practical to immediately acquire a new tool, which includes as many as two batteries. But it is still possible to extend the service life of the old screwdriver, repaired by the abandonment of the battery.
In any models of electrouds, such an important element, like a battery, looks approximately the same. It is a plastic box, inside which is placed to a dozen (and sometimes more) batteries. They are interconnected into a serial chain and are located in such a way that the conclusions of the first and last bank in the circuit are closed to the contacts that provide power to the tool and connect to the charger.
The accumulator of the screwdriver is a chain of charged batteries connected in series Akb screwdriver of any type has a fairly simple design, in which any person can easily understand, at least a little familiar with the basics of electrical engineering. In addition to batteries, the battery pack can be located:
Depending on the type of power supplied batteries, the screws are screwed in the following types:
Different types of batteries provide different rated voltage and screwdriver power Battery batteries of the first type (NICD) are most common in modern tools, primarily due to their lowest cost. Especially often batteries based on nickel-cadmium alloy can be found in budget models of screwdrivers. They are not afraid of low temperatures and can be stored in a discharged state without losing their characteristics. From the disadvantages of such power items can be noted:
In order for the new battery for the screwdriver not lost the capacity, the first few times should be charged for 10-12 hours, even if the indication appears that it charged much earlier. In the process of operation, the battery is better to use until a complete discharge, after which it immediately connect to the charger until the full charge is achieved.
Nickel-metal hydride elements in modern screwdrivers are also common. They consist of environmentally friendly elements, but cost more than nickel-cadmium batteries. They have a lower self-discharge and memory effect and a larger number of charging cycles than that of NiCD elements. But they are afraid of low temperatures and in the discharged state also lose their characteristics.
The most expensive are lithium-ion batteries, which, compared to the first two types, have noticeable advantages:
From the shortcomings of the batteries of this type, their short service life should be noted. After three years, lithium begins to decompose, the battery loses its capacity without the possibility of recovery.
Despite the fact that screwdrivers are equipped with different types of batteries, they all have the same design and similar faults. The following breaks of this device are most often found:
The loss of the capacity of the batteries is the most common defect of the accumulator batteries. Its essence is that the loss of the charge capacity of at least one element does not allow fully charged the rest of the banks. Getting a low-quality charge, the battery is quickly discharged.
Such a malfunction may be a consequence of the effect of memory or drying the electrolyte in banks due to their heating when charging or under load. This defect in accumulators of any type can be eliminated independently, without circulation. service center. In this case, you can try to restore faulty items or replace them. It will not be possible to restore only the lithium-ion battery elements that have lost the container as a result of lithium decomposition. Such banks can only be replaced with new, removed from the non-working battery pack.
Malfunction AKB screwdriver can be caused by loss of capacity of one or more batches, so it is easy to eliminate, replacing them with new or obvious workers Most of the defects of the accumulator unit are screwdriver can be eliminated independently, if you know the cause of the malfunction and methods to combat it.
Before reinforcement of the battery, you need to diagnose it and identify the cause of the fault. For this you need:
Having found faulty batteries, it is necessary to determine the way they are repaired. Here are two options for action. The first is to reanimate defective batteries by flashing their current with a higher voltage or add distilled water to the banks in case of electrolyte drying. But these measures are temporary, in the future a malfunction can manifest itself again. Another way to repair is more efficient, which consists in replacing defective batteries with new or more in use, but obviously good.
Restore the lost capacity of the battery is possible only for batteries that have a memory effect. This is nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. To do this, you will need a more powerful charger with adjustable voltage and current parameters. By setting the voltage of about 4 B and the current strength of 200 mA, we act with this current on the batteries in which the maximum stress drawdown was detected.
You can try to restore defective batteries by compressing or sealing. This procedure is the dilution of the electrolyte, the volume of which in the Bank of the AKB decreased. For this you need:
The procedure described in paragraph 5 may be certain conditions Restore the performance of the battery, if the cause of its malfunction has become the memory effect.
The most effective way to repair the accumulator screwdriver is the replacement of a defective bank. To do this, you can use a new battery, which is easy to find on sale today, or remove a good bank with a broken battery pack. Replacement work must be performed in the following sequence:
It is important not to overlay the jar when performing soldering works. Therefore, too long to delay the sting of the soldering iron on the battery is impossible.
Repair of battery packs with lithium-type banks is made similarly. The only thing that complicates the task when repairing is disconnected batteries from the control board. In this case, only one repair method is applicable - replacement of a defective bank.
Often owners of screwdrivers on nickel-cadmium batteries want to remake their batteries under lithium-ion batteries. They are attracted to the advantages that can be purchased by such a reworking of the battery pack:
In addition, with a certain assembly scheme, you can double the charge capacity, and therefore, the operating time is screwed from one charge. The advantages, of course, are obvious, but such a solution has its own drawbacks, which also need to know to weigh everything and against. Of the negative points of adapting the Akb screwdriver under lithium-ion banks, it should be noted:
But if the decision on replacing nickel-cadmium batteries is still accepted, then you need to act further in the following sequence:
It may turn out that the collected design will not be able to charge from the old charger. Then you need to install an additional connector for a new charging.
So that the battery is screwed up as long as possible, it needs to be properly stored, especially when it is used not very often and with long interruptions. It must be followed by some rules.
Cadmium-based batteries have a memory effect that reduces battery capacity with incomplete charge development. Therefore, the battery with NiCD and NIMH nutrition elements should be stored in a discharged state, and the devices of a lithium-type batteries are charged by half the tanks of cans. You can achieve this level in a time equal to about 65-70% of the usual full charge.
If the battery pack of your screwdriver began to quickly discharge and does not hold the charge at all, do not hurry to throw it out and buy a new one. The service life can be easily extended by using the above recommendations. That you get rid of yourself from extra cost, After all, the screw is screwed up more than half the value of the entire tool.
Read 11 min. Published on 11/29/2018
Skipping about the benefits of screwdrivers can be processed directly to the topic. Battery or battery at the owners of the screwdrivers is the largest object for anxiety. It is better to handle them strictly according to the instructions. In case of breakdown, the solution is one thing - buy a new battery. But temporarily you can try to use a problematic battery, for which a number of tips are offered here. We emphasize - repair the battery is a temporary solution, but first you need to accurately investigate the causes of the fault.
The power source for the manual tool should provide its energy at least half an hour of operation at a moderate load or 10 minutes with full. And at the same time rather quickly restore your charge. Without performing these conditions, the instrument loses its entire commercial sense, it will simply won't buy it. Usually, the power of the screwdriver varies within the range of 80-160 W.
Of all the types of batteries, which produces industry, only three types are suitable for these criteria:
Nickel Cadmium appeared before everyone else and showed good operational properties. Such a battery has a voltage of 1.35 in ... 1.0 V. Here and on, we denote the first rated voltage, and the latter is the voltage at the end of the discharge cycle. Ni-CD has the number of cycles charge / discharge, which is in the range of 100 - 900, it depends on the quality of the materials and the mode of operation. For Ni-CD is also characterized by very low internal resistance, they are almost not hot when charging is stored for a long time.
Disadvantages:
Another kind: nickel-metal hydride battery. These batteries were proposed as a substitute for Ni-CD. The justification was the disadvantages of traditional batteries with cadmium. In Ni-MH theory, it is good: has a greater energy intensity (up to 300 W * h / kg), not subject to memory effect. Voltage 1.25 V ... 1.1 B, number of charge cycles 300-800. NI-MH of the old type for the year of storage is completely self-discharged. It is recommended to store them at low temperatures, from 0 to 20 degrees Celsius. Batteries of a new type of LSD Ni-MH (Low Self-Discharge), as their name shows, have a small self-discharge and are heated less when charging.
Disadvantages: Ni-MH batteries is a 10% discharge during the first day, and significant heat release during charging.
Li-ion batteries have a voltage of 3.7 in ... 2.5 V, but in reality with it a little more difficult, it all depends on the battery usage. The number of charge cycles is approximately 600, but this is provided that no more than 20% of the container take away from the battery. Lithium-ion batteries do not like a deep discharge. From this they quickly fail. The internal resistance of Li-Ion is very small, 5 ... 15 mill. Self-discharge about 1.6% per month with full charge and lack of load.
Disadvantages: High cost, limited shelf life, independent of use. Danger of explosion and fire with improper handling.
Suspecting the fault of the screwdriver battery or it is necessary to carry out its recovery, but first try to replace it on the second from the kit, before having charged it as it should. If the screwdriver rotates badly, it can be caused by breakdowns in its mechanics (motor or gear). In case of doubt, it is necessary to replace the power supply, if there is such an opportunity. If everything points to the battery, then you can proceed to its diagnosis and recovery.
First of all, you need to find out the type of battery. It is written on its enclosure and the possibility of recovery depends on it. Nominal voltage should also be specified. It usually lies within 14 ... 19 V. Then, without sacrificing the housing of the battery block, hold it. For this you can use two methods:
Multimeter can be used in two modes: voltage measurements and current measurement. If there are two instruments, it is even better, it will not be necessary to make unnecessary switches.
The measurement circuit is shown below: 
One multimeter switches to the voltage measurement mode (voltmeter), the other - to the current measurement mode (ammeter). If the device is only one, then instead of the ammeter we will have to use the wire. The wires from the battery to the voltmeter can be thin, and the wires from the power supply to the battery are thoroughly, but you should not be too carried away, in the end the wires 0.5 of the cross section of M.KV are fitted for the entire chain.
If the battery voltage is normal, but the charge current is small, significantly less than one amp, then for a Ni-CD battery, this may mean a malfunction of one of the battery elements. The recovery of the accumulator of the screwdriver is canceled here, repair is needed. For Li-Ion, this means that either it is normal or also a malfunction of one of the elements.
Let the Ni-CD battery have a 18 volt rated voltage. Then it is easy to know how much inside the elements without opening the housing. Knowing the nominal voltage of Ni-Cd 1.2 B, exercise: 18 / 1.2 \u003d 15. So, in the case 15 elements. If the voltmeter shows an idle voltage of 16.8 V, then this can also be closed by one of the cans, and simply the discharge of a normal battery. Such a battery in a discharged state gives 15 V. If the charged shows 16.8 V or so, it means one of the elements is closed in short. It will not be possible to restore either, you will have to replace.
If the battery when charging passes the current more than one amp, and the voltage is gradually growing, increasing by 0.1 in every 5-10 minutes, and at the end of the charge voltage slightly more than a nominal value, then the battery is in order, recovery is not required.
This method is similar to the previous one and it is probably easier. No need to disassemble the charger, or use the laboratory power supply. It will only be necessary:
Checking scheme: 
For such a check, you must first put the battery for charging and charge in the usual way. Then the rated load is supplied. To find out the current is easy, for this, divide the power consumed to the rated voltage. For example, if the screwdriver consumes the power of 50 W (a typical case), at a voltage of 18 V, then the current should be 50/18 \u003d 2.77 A. to achieve this current, or close to it, you can dialing in parallel car light bulbs.
If the battery gives the rated current within a few minutes, the voltmeter shows the voltage slightly lower than the nominal, and the light bulbs do not fade, then the battery is working. Maybe however, it will happen that for Ni-CD soon the current will begin to weaken. This is a manifestation of "memory." In this case, you need to recover. Lithium-ion batteries do not have the effect of memory, although in theory it exists, in practice it is believed that it is simply not.
This method requires disassembling the body of the battery pack. It is applied when the battery or its element ceases to give a good current, and the recovery attempts are unsuccessful. It is enough for one bad link here, since they are connected consistently. But to find such an element, you need to check the internal resistance of each of them.
Of course, it is necessary to start with the general inspection of all cans: there is no cracks, leaking, etc. The faulty element will immediately give itself an appearance.
Check for current returns are made using the Ohm law for the full chain (it is also the first law of Kirchoff). To do this, take resistance with a par value of 10 ohms, designed for 25 W and an ammeter. The checked element is embedded on the resistance included in series with an ammeter.
For example, even for a Ni-CD battery with a voltage of 1.2 V, a current is obtained 100 mA. We write it and re-measure, but no longer current, but voltages on the element. First, measure idle voltage, without connecting the resistor, and then connect the resistor and see how much the voltage fell. Let the first time it was 1.2 V, and after connecting the resistor, 1.05 V. Then the internal resistance of this element was:
It is not too small if all the elements are such, the battery will be able to provide a screwdriver of only half power. The smaller the internal resistance, the better the element, but at an indispensable condition: it should give a nominal, or a stress close to this. If the voltage is too small, or close to zero, then the element is shortened, it is not suitable and cannot be restored. If the internal resistance is greater than 3 ohms, then you can try to restore (see below) or replace.
There are several ways to achieve normal battery operation and reanimate it at home. First, it is the restoration of the normal charging and discharge cycle. You can also, in case of failure, open the battery case as an extreme measure and explore the individual status of the elements. In some cases, it allows you to completely repair the battery (if there are similar to replacement).
This restoration method is applicable to nickel-cadmium batteries. Run it is very simple. First, the battery is discharged completely by a screwdriver or other load, such as lamps or resistance. Then it is made full charge. And so need to do several times. If there are no other defects at the battery, it will be completely restored. Restore thus lithium-ion batteries makes no sense.
There are ways of "restoration" asymmetric current when the charge current pulse is larger, and the discharge lapse after it is less, so the difference turns out to be positive. This method is incorrect, it does not take into account that the chemical processes proceed much slower. Even more wild is the method of recovery of high current pulses. Do not use them.
To restore the NI-CD battery, you will need:
It is better, of course, to have a simple special stand for recovery, but it is more suitable for professionals to repairmen than regular users of the screwdrivers. But no matter how, it is much more convenient to work with two multimeters than with one.
By steps, recovery looks like this:
In practice, make from 3-4 to 7-8 cycles. If you reach the condition 11 in the recovery algorithm fails, then the battery needs to be repaired.
This is done when disassembling the body and if the internal resistance has increased (significantly more than 0.3 ... 0.6 ohms). A small drill (0.5 mm) is carefully drilled by the housing of the element and the syringe in it is admired several milliliters of pure distilled water. Then the hole is sealed with a soldering iron. These manipulations require skill and newcomer may not succumb.
After some time, about 12-24 hours, the electrolyte will come to a normal state and the element will be restored to a more or less long period.
It will take:
Place where you need to do a hole:
The sequence of action is:
Restored items can be collected in the battery.
An example of how to do it with your own hands on video:
This is the most competent technical condition of the repair, as chemical sources of current are considered non-separable and non-repaired, they can only be disposed of at the end of the service life.
For such a repair, you can use two faulty batteries, and the probability of making "of two one" is very high. Elements should be one type and size. And also preferably close to the time of manufacture. Conclusions when assembling should be high quality, and the entire assembly is placed in the housing without testes and efforts.
For work you will need:
Here the order of work is:
Council: In order for no problems with brings the elements, overheating that in no case cannot, you need to warm the soldering iron and use an effective flux. Suitable aspirin tablet. Make a job when exhausting air, since the decomposition of aspirin is formed harmful and irritants. Flux residues rinse with acetone or alcohol.
As a result of the improper operation of the Li-Ion elements (recyclable abuse) is bloated. As a result of the decomposition of salts, oxygen is released and creates a high pressure in the body of the sealing element. These gases are manufactured using special valves, but in small elements there may not be.
ATTENTION! Forcedly produce gas from the disclosed Li-Ion batteries, by destroying their enclosure, is strictly prohibited by any instruction for their operation, this is a gross violation of fire safety!
The consequences of such an autopsy can be viewed on this video:
Accumulators for screwdrivers is better exploited by following the instructions. Ni-CD batteries discharge up to 0 before the next charge, and Li-ion recharge, if possible, more often. Partial recovery is subject to only dry nickel-cadmium elements, lithium-ion recovery is not subject to. When handling accumulators, keep care!
Screwdriver - one of hand toolswhich should be in the arsenal of each wizard. With proper handling, it can serve for many years. But when "goes", the repair happens anything, and in case of falling, even with a slight height, he or his battery can get damaged and stop working. What happened to the tool that I was brought to repair. When the screwdriver falls, the battery failed (found out by rearranging the worker). This problem is quite possible to solve on your own without spending money on a new tool!
The lid of the battery compartment was fixed with four cogs. By reloading them, I saw that jumpers (plates) between batteries were simply broken.
Jumpers to batteries are usually welded with spot welding. Since I do not have such welding, the jumpers always solder with a soldier with a regular solder.
When replacing or repairing cut-off cans, first of all, I can read the places of the fears of sandpaper. So that the quality of the soldering itself can also be dependent, the quality of the soldering itself can also be dependent on it, which, in turn, will also affect the bandwidth of the current passing through it.
Instead of flux, you can also use rosin (in this case it is not entirely convenient), soldering acid (some destroy the soldering, toxic couples), aspirin tablet (strong smell when melting). We do not advise you to use the last two ways at home.
In conclusion, observing the polarity, soldering the torn batteries into its places and collect the battery.
It seems that there is nothing simpler than to take a soldering iron and non-hard manipulations to solder batteries into place, but not everything is so simple when solding nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cad), nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) and the like batteries there are some nuances. Failure to comply with subtleties can lead both dissent of the battery (sharp drop in the capacity) and its charger.
If you decide to repair the battery failed, be sure to pay attention to the following points!
Batteries are connected in series, that is, minus batteries to the plus of the next, etc.
On the batteries, polarity sometimes does not indicate in such cases it is desirable to recognize its multimeter (as a rule, convex and smaller diameter end plus).
If the device is not, then you need to see how other banks are interconnected and soldered in the same sequence.
Ni-Cad, Ni-MH and similar batteries are very sensitive to high temperatures, so the contact of the soldering iron with the battery must be minimized! The soldering iron itself is better to take more powerful (60 watts and higher) so that with short-term touch to have time to get into and solder the place of soldering, but without having to warm up the body of the battery itself.
Houses for tinnitus and soldering is better to use flux or rosin.
A lot of convenient and multifunctional power tools appeared in our workshop, without which it is difficult to do. Screwdriver - one of them. No repair with him is not afraid. Especially convenient is such a tool that works on an autonomous power supply - batteries. Charged in advance where there is electricity, and you can work all day in any corner distant from the network.
Akb is the most important detail In the screwdriver. If the tool has become bad to work, then one of the reasons is the failure of batteries. The new battery pack stands slightly smaller than the screwdriver itself. And you need to make a serious choice - buy a new block or a new tool. No cheap pleasure.
But, if it created a person, then a person can and repair. The main thing that the head worked, and the hands had the right source. You can make the repair of batteries, which will then work for many more years.
Rechargeable batteries consist of several elements. They are very similar to ordinary batteries, but they can charge. The number of charge cycles determines the basic price of elements. By type of material, rechargeable elements are divided into:
In the list they are located at the frequency of use. Nickel - cadmium elements (NI-CD) are most often found in the screwdrivers of different brands. This is explained by a comparative cheap. But they have a low voltage and the number of charge cycles - the discharge is also low. Voltage on one such battery about 1.2 V. If the screwdriver requires 12 V, the battery should consist of at least 12 such elements.
They are long stored in an uncharged state and are not afraid of temperatures. But the level of self-discharge makes it often charge the battery, which is a reason for the failure. Ecology of production of such batteries is acceptable not in every country of the world, but maybe therefore they are cheaper.
Lithium - ionic (LI - ION) batteries have best indicators. The voltage on a separate instance reaches 3.6 V. High charge tank. For the operation of the tool four pieces. It is very pleased with the hands, because the tool must be transferred and keep in hand at any height. The number of charge cycles is high, but the price is also not low. But the battery does not have "memory" to the level of charge. And a small self-discharge. In short, everything is fine except the price.
Nickel - Metal - hydride (NI - MH) Batteries have almost all disadvantages of previous brands. With nickel quality, the cadmium elements are equal to the value of lithium-ion. Application in practice is very low where there are low temperatures. Low temperatures Displays the entire battery at once.
You can repair battery batteries with your own hands, but this does not mean that one element can be repaired. One element can be tried to restore, and if the recovery does not help, it is necessary to just replace it. You can replace all battery items. It is very the best way - Buy new items and make a replacement. But it is not always fast, and the tool is needed now.
Battery malfunction can hide in some one element or in several. Rarely fail at all. This gives hope for the ability to fix the tool. To find a faulty item, you will need any multimeter, which should be in the workshop necessarily and the car light with a power of about 20 W.
We charge the battery, then load it on the light bulb. While the light bulb is glowing - the device is chosen by those batteries, on which the voltage will be the lowest. Most likely, they are the cause of failure. For more accurate diagnostics, these elements must be dropped from the battery.
The battery is paired, and rather cooked with the help of connecting plates by point welding. It is necessary to neatly by rapidly or other suitable tool to tear the plates. 
In detached elements, check the ampermeter of the same multimeter current of direct closure. Just closer "+" and "-" apps of the device. The current on the faulty battery will be noticeably less than the rest.
What is the crime of such a phenomenon? The fact is that the "bad" item does not allow to charge others normally. It becomes a kind of resistance to the current path, and the entire battery becomes uncharged to the desired value. After a while, due to the constant low level of charge, it will be all out.
The effect of "memory" of the battery has a lot of interpretations, but the meaning of this phenomenon is that the element with each charging reduces the charge capacity. Restore a separate battery, it means to restore the efficiency of the entire battery.
Methods of recovery are different, but not everyone gives the result. Often helps a reusable charge cycle - discharge. Separate element charge, and then discharge on the light bulb. After a complete discharge, the charge is repeated. This manipulation is performed until the element starts to gain sufficient charge tank. If this does not occur - it is disposed of, and easier - throw away. 
Sometimes experts use a shock charging method. On a hopeless element that did not respond to restorative measures, not 1.2 V, and all 12 V. Such a shock shake sometimes brings the result. This is another attempt before the final emission.
Interesting methods for restoring non-specialists. Of course, they look like shamanism, but also exist. They only belong to NI-CD samples. It is proposed to put an element in the freezer for 1 hour, and then put it in a plastic bag and simply knock on it some object. If throwing a pity - try.
When all recovery methods did not succeed, and the discarded elements went into oblivion, it is necessary to find a replacement. An ideal replacement will be a new element or a set of elements, but due to the lack of such you can choose a lively element from another served battery. You can select it with the same method as the element from the battery is rejected.
The replacement for an element was not so unreasonable, as it seems. If you take a new element, then its qualities can be lost on the background of an old battery, and the old alive element will work in equal terms.
At the factory, the batteries are welded with spot welding. But it is not in every domestic workshop. Persistent opinions go that the effects of high temperature on the elements are out of order. There are opinions, but there is no evidence. Therefore, connect the elements into the battery using a regular soldering. The method was checked on Li Ion batteries.
For this, an electric soldering iron is taken with a capacity of 40 - 60 W, flux for soldering nickel or the one that is and strips of non-footing tin. Connectors are made of tin.
Before assembly, it is necessary to post all the contact points of the batteries and connecting plates. Then we put the plate on the contact and press the soldering iron. A powerful soldering iron can quickly discharge the tinted layer. For this, quite a split second.
Checking a soldering on a physical gap. Similarly, it is necessary to overpass the following contacts. There is nothing complicated in this process. Need a certain accuracy and skill to do everything yourself. After the soldering, we wipe all the places with alcohol to remove the flux residues, we collect the battery into the case and put for charging. After complete charging, we make a complete discharge to align the elements and the battery is ready to use.
Operation rule One thing - maintain battery in working condition. Once a month it is completely charged and discharge, simulating the operation of the screwdriver - it repeatedly turn it on and off. At least idling. That's all the trick.
The task is very simple: make such a battery so that it is quite easy to charge and replace the elements inside with simple manipulations.
At the beginning, we consider the insides of the usual accumulator of the screwdriver. Inside most of the screwdrivers there are a lot of "cans" 1.2 volts manufactured using Ni-CD or Ni-MH technology. In the screwdriver on top of such cans 12, i.e. The final battery voltage is approximately 12 * 1.2 \u003d 14.4 В. Capacity does not exceed 1.5 A / h. The batteries themselves serve quite a long time, but among 12 pieces are often 1-2, which cease to work much earlier than their colleagues. It turns out that after a while the battery dies because of the small part of its internals. There is a recipe: replace the jar that does not work, and the rest is left unchanged. But with this, these banks are difficult to find and if you change it, then everything is better. Even plus them is very difficult, you need to have a welding machine. As a result, I came to the following conclusions:
It is necessary that the battery capacity is more to steal less frequently
Replacement of cans occurred in a couple of minutes
Do not buy charging
Modern technology Batteries that are used everywhere is a lithium (Li-Ion). It is used in phones, laptops, players, lanterns and much where. An affordable solution is the battery of 18650. If you disassemble the usual laptop battery, then they can be found there:
These Akb can be bought or get from the old laptop. If you buy recommend that price / quality ratio "Sanyo 2400 MA / H Red". Keep in mind that they should be unprotected. Otherwise, they will turn off when the current occurs 2a, which happens often in the screwdriver. I recently bought an alloy on eBay, unfortunately my seller is no longer available, because I do not bring the link.
To make it convenient to change us, we will still need the so-called spring holder for 18650:
Many people have seen for conventional AA batteries. There are 1-4 acb. What is strange, in the radio store or on the market such find it difficult, it is easier to order on the Internet on sites with cheap Chinese things on request "18650 Holder". The cost of the last is about 1-2 $.
The last important thing for homemade battery is a smart charging. I had such a sideline, I highly recommend "IMAX B6" or analogues: 
Now there are two ways to connect:
1) Just connect successively all the batteries using holders and to the ends by connecting the cleaner of the smart charger. Plus this system - simplicity. Minus banks must be the same otherwise everyone can spoil. The fact is that if on any 18650 voltage will fall below 3 volts, it will be possible to throw it soon. If your Akb is different, then you will not be able to control this news. If something happens with one bank, you will need to change everything together, otherwise there will be problems.
