Implementing new technological solutions Domestic equipment often comes against practical expediency. An example of climate techniques is most indicative in this sense. So, recently the market is actively filled that are designed to operate indoors. The peculiarities of such systems include the complete elimination of dirty installation operations, which attracts a considerable audience of consumers. But with all the convenience of installation and further content, such models are not capable of approaching the operating characteristics that provide an external air conditioner unit as part of a split system. Another thing is that the owners of external installations have to face troublesome tasks, but already of another kind.
The exterior segment included in the Split system complex includes a capacitor, valve interchanges, pipes, dehumidifier filters and a fan. Depending on the modification and structural design, the internal "filling" may vary, but the traditional air conditioner kit with the remote block has exactly such a set of elements. By the way, the most notable differences are observed in the so-called winter systems that provide for the presence of special controllers to control the fan. Modern air conditioners also use multifunctional power switching relays. Such devices are designed for non-standard compressor operation in conditions of elevated or reduced temperatures. Unlike the inner segment, outdoor block No electronic modules - its work is completely subordinated to the mechanical function.
The outdoor unit is presented on the market in different configurations and forms. And although manufacturers in order to simplify segmentation seek to unify model rules, the choice of sizes is still quite wide. If we talk about the average parameters, it has a width of 770 mm, a height of 450 mm and the thickness has 245 mm. In this case, the radius of the fan is on average varies from 200 to 250 mm. Of course, there are aggregates whose sizes have deviations from these indicators. Thus, in the Mitsubishi line, an external air conditioner unit is presented with an almost square shape, which has 880 mm wide, and in height is 840 mm. As for the parameters of the internal segment, they are not so impressive. These are usually long narrow medium-sized modules - 700 x 200 x 200 mm.
Usually, when choosing an optimal point for mounting air conditioners, users are faced with the problems of combining the convenience of operation and protection of the module. For example, the location of the block at the height is best option From the point of view of its safety, but in this case it is complicated and access to the air conditioner with the goal of care. A good solution can be the placement of the module on the wall near the window opening or loggia. It is necessary to take into account other nuances, among which the lack of direct sun rays and permission to install by neighbors, since the noisy unit can deliver the inconvenience to people living at the same level of the building.
In addition, it produces condensate, which will be dripped down. Accordingly, you have to negotiate with neighbors on the lower floors. In the case of successful harmonization of the installation location with other tenants, you can proceed to direct mounting operations. By the way, another condition for installing an outdoor unit is the possibility of laying communications in the wall.
When installing air conditioners, special mounting kits are used, which include pipes with flex, brackets with sets of fixing hardware, drainage communications, etc. The physical installation of the segment is carried out using carrier components that are embedded in the walls using anchor elements. At the same stage, brackets are used, the power potential of which is focused on a mass of a particular module. Also installing an external unit of the air conditioner provides its communication connection with the internal segment. To do this, the wall is performed in the wall of the desired diameter, which will allow to organize, except for the main wiring, also laying the vacuum pump and the pressure gauge manifold. At the final stage, it is directly connecting communications between two blocks.
When installing evaporative, that is, the internal module of the air conditioner system, it is especially important to observe the correct position of the aggregate. Usually this block is mounted directly under the ceiling surface with a small indent. Mechanical fixation is also performed using the brackets suitable according to the characteristics. True, in this case the mass of the equipment is not so great, which simplifies the workflow. After performing markup, the wizard installs the anchor elements and, if necessary, crucial profiles. Next, an internal air conditioner unit is installed with a clear observance of horizontal position. Also, some models of such segments according to the instructions should have a small bias towards the passage of drainage.
In the standard operation mode, the air conditioner must be serviceed every six months. Most of the work is done precisely with the external block, which is most susceptible to pollution. Experts typically check the condition of filters, the refrigerant level, the operating pressure of the module's highway, etc. The most difficult operation is the replacement of the working fluid. The refrigerant refers to chemically unsafe substances, so his refueling is better to trust experimental masters. But care for the other components is quite accessible and ordinary users. For example, it is quite simple to answer the question of how to clean the external air conditioner unit. First of all, it should be disassembled, after which, with the help of a vehicle or a vacuum cleaner, to save the inner surface of the module from dust and dirt raids. In the process of such a care, outer filters and heat exchange radiators are cleaned, which extends the service life of the air conditioner.
The concept of the technical implementation of the split system provides for the possibility of using several internal modules in one complex, which are served by one outer block. In contrast to standard configurations, the external module of such a system has engineering differences. To integrate into the multi-system, it is equipped with an additional thermostat that allows you to efficiently control the fan and compressor settings. In turn, the internal unit of the air conditioner acts as a source of information signals that determine the control of the outer module. That is, the user with a remote control refers to the panel of the indoor unit, and the one, in turn, according to the digital channel, regulates the system of overhead communications on the freon highway.
In modern modifications, air conditioners such as split-systems are not suiced, which is largely due to the complexity of the design. Even in the initial segment, the cost of the air conditioner with the removal unit is rarely less than 20 thousand rubles. Of course, you can find options for 15 thousand rubles. From little-known brands, but their quality is doubts about specialists, and the users themselves often complain about malfunctions.
Worthy models offer Fujitsu, Daikin, Mitsubishi, etc. The average cost of the air conditioner from the range of data firms varies in the range of 30-40 thousand rubles. At the same time, the most technological and productive kits may be estimated at 70-80 thousand rubles.
The use of air conditioners with a design involving the installation of the remote block gives a lot of problems during installation and further maintenance. And this is excluding difficulties in the transportation of equipment. These factors allow us to talk about such aggregates as morally obsolete. Especially against the background of the spread of mobile devices with modest sizes. However, the external air conditioner unit retains its relevance on the market. It is explained by its high performance, functionality and safety during operation, since the main working components are outside the residential premises. And if for household use You can find a low-power replacement of a split system in the form of a monoblock, then in the context of servicing office space, public buildings and institutions, multifunctional complexes are still not equal.
Technical characteristics of air conditioning Reflect its capabilities to work in certain conditions, its cooling capacity, power consumption, energy efficiency coefficients, noise characteristics, temperature range, overall dimensions, etc. Here are the main parameters and specifications of air conditioners of split-systems, as well as comparative characteristics Household and industrial air conditioners, knowledge of which will help you choose and.
N. A, the most common split-system of a wall type. Sometimes wall air conditioners are also called just household air conditioners, because they are most often applied in the apartments. Wall-mounted air conditioning can be installed in any little room - Office, apartment, shop. Their power (2 ... 7 kW) allows you to cool from 15 to 80 m2. The internal block of wall air conditioners is usually installed at the top of the wall, close to the window, and the outdoor - under the window. Such an accommodation reduces the distance between blocks, and therefore the length of inter-block communications, which, if there are no special instructions in the passport, is no more than 15 m with horizontal placement of blocks and not more than 7 m with vertical.
When installing split systems, ventilation of residential premises is carried out naturally. Since such air conditioners work, as a rule, to recycling, if necessary, feeding into fresh air and removal of exhaust air is performed by individual systems. support and exhaust ventilation. Here it is necessary to make a reservation. Today the market contains several models of wall air conditioners. with fresh air First of all it wall-mounted air conditioner Daikin FTXR28E The price of his truth is more than $ 2,000. Alternative to him can serve as less than 900 $ this model produced in Japanthat, undoubtedly, speaks of her quality.
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anal air conditioner is installed behind a suspended or tail ceiling, which completely hides the inner block. The cooled air is distributed through the system of thermally insulated ducts, which are also placed in the interporal space. Thanks to this design, the channel air conditioner can cool several rooms at once. The typical power of these air conditioners is 12 ... 25 kW, which is enough to cool a small office or 4 ... 5-room apartment. The fundamental difference between the channel air conditioner from the remaining split systems consists in the possibility of supplying fresh air in the volumes required for the full ventilation of the premises.
Thus, the use of one channel air conditioner allows you to solve the tasks of both ventilation and air conditioning of a whole office, apartment or cottage.
A split system with a supply ventilation, equipped with an electronic control system, supports the desired microclimate parameters at any time of the year. Summer air is cooled and the set temperature is maintained indoors. In the autumn and spring, the air conditioner switches to the "heat pump" mode and effectively heats the air without turning on the carrier. If the outdoor temperature is lowered below about ° C, an additional calorifer is turned on.
D. To set the cassette air conditioner, as well as for the channel, you need a suspended ceiling. However, in contrast to the channel air conditioner, it distributes the cooled air through the bottom of the block. The main advantage of the cassette air conditioner is inconsistency, since only a decorative lattice is visible. Another advantage is the uniform distribution of the air flow in four directions, which allows the use of only one cassette air conditioner for cooling a large room (when using wall split systems to achieve a similar effect, it would have to use 2 ... 3 smaller power air conditioner).
E. If there is no suspended ceiling in the room, then an alternative to the cassette air conditioner can be an outdoor-sub-band air conditioner (or just ceiling air conditioning). These air conditioners differ in a small size of the retreat of the wall (ceiling) - 18 ... 25 cm. They are installed, as follows from the name, or at the bottom of the wall, or on the ceiling. This design allows you to evenly distribute the cooled air around the room and avoid direct flow to people.
TO Olon air conditioner is used where large cooling capacity is required and there are no tough requirements for the design of the room. Internal blocks of these air conditioners for overall dimensions Correspond to the refrigerator, have a lot of weight and are installed on the floor. Column air conditioners create a strong cooled air flow that does not allow them to be in close proximity to the air conditioner, so these air conditioners require a relatively large area for their placement.
In the air conditioning system, a chiller device with air-cooled condenser can be used. (Chiller is a refrigerator with an intermediate coolant.) In the residential premises there are heat exchangers "Fancoils" with fans. The fan coil system can be two-pipe (work only on cooling, but in winter they can switch from chiller to an individual heating system) and four-pipe (such funkowns in winter work as heating radiators).
Air conditioners Cabinet autonomous with air-cooled condenser are designed for year-round air conditioning rooms. Air conditioners work in different climatic conditions, including wet tropics, at ambient temperature up to 45 ° C, providing maintenance of air temperature in the range of 12 ... 28 ° C and its moisturizing.
The air treated in the air conditioner comes or directly into the room or by air ducts in the maintenance zone of comfortable conditions.
Convarers provide five functions - cooling, ventilation, purification, moisturizing and air ionization. Using these devices, a constant cooled air flow is supplied without using environmentally harmful gas and air recycling. Mobile evaporation air humidifiers cooled air with water evaporation technology.
With an outdoor temperature in the range from 25 to 40 ° C and the relative humidity of air 30 ... 55% of the device provide a room temperature in the range of 20 ... 29 ° C with a relative humidity of 45 ... 70%.
The principle of operation of the conveyor is based on the use of air cooler, having an inside a special filter, which is constantly saturated with moisture. Built-in fan, picking up warm air out of the room, passes it through a filter that cleans the air from dust, then the air passes through a special wet filter, gives energy to evaporation of moisture and cools. As a result, pure, cooled air enters the room.
Evaporative coolers increase the humidity indoor air humidity, since ordinary water is used as refrigerant, which evaporates in the process of passing warm outer air through water filter. Therefore, one of the basic principles of the effective functioning of air coolers - the amount of air supplied through the cooler must be equal to the same amount of air removed from the room through open doors, windows, exhaust ventilation. Otherwise, humidity can achieve a level of discomfort for indoors.
Air coolers provide reliable cooling at the relative humidity of the outer air to 60%. The effectiveness of their work increases with a decrease in the relative humidity of the outer air and increasing its temperature.
And here we will talk about the functions and characteristics of air conditioners of the most common type - wall split systems. Note that the majority of the described characteristics are applicable to other types of household and industrial air conditioners.
The power consumed by air conditioning is about three times less cooling power.
Power consumption is sometimes confused with cooling power. In fact, air conditioned power is about three times less cooling power, that is, a 2.5 kW air conditioner consumes only about 800 W - less iron or electric kettle. therefore household air conditionersAs a rule, you can include in a conventional socket, without fearing the "knocked" plugs. There is no paradox here, because the air conditioner is a refrigerator that does not "produce" cold, and "takes" it to the outside air and tolerates it.
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The ratio of power cooling to power consumption is the main indicator of the energy efficiency of the air conditioner, which technical catalogs denotes the coefficient Err. ENERGY Efficiency Ratio). Another parameter - Cop (Coefficient of Performance -Etell coefficient) is equal to the ratio of the heating power to power consumed. The ERR coefficient of household split systems is usually in the range from 2.5 to 3.5, and COP - from 2.8 to 4.0. It can be noted that the COP value is higher than ERR. This is due to the fact that during the operation, the compressor heats up and transmits the freon additionally heat. That is why air conditioners always highlight more heat than cold. This fact is often unscrupulous manufacturers, pointing to advertising to confirm the high energy efficiency of their air conditioners COP coefficient instead of ERR. To designate the energy efficiency of household appliances, there are seven categories denoted by letters from A (better) to G (worst). Catering category A have Cop\u003e 3.6 and ERR\u003e 3.2, and category G - COP< 2.4 и ERR < 2.2. It should be noted that the power consumption and cooling power are usually measured in accordance with the ISO 5151 standard (indoor temperature 27 ° C, outside 35 ° C). When these conditions change, the power and efficiency of the air conditioner will be less (for example, at an outdoor temperature, equal to minus 20 ° C air conditioner power will be only 30% of the nominal). |
There are air conditioners that can only cool the air, called only cold and air conditioners with air heating, called heat - cold, heat pump, reversible air conditioning or simply " warm" air conditioning. Models with the possibility of air heating are 100 - 200 dollars more expensive, but in the offseason (autumn and spring) can replace the heater.
Warm air conditioner highlights heat at 3 - 4 times more than electricity consumes, but it cannot work in the winter.
Name heat pump It is not accidental. It shows that the air conditioner heats the air is not electrospiral or by the electric heater, and the heat taken from the outside air (heat transfer from the street to the room). Thus, in heating mode, the same process occurs as in cooling mode, only the outer and internal blocks of the air conditioner are changing in places. Accordingly, in heating mode, as in cooling mode, the power consumption is 3-4 times less heating power, that is, 1 kW of the energy consumed, the air conditioner allocates 3 to 4 kW of heat.
Please note that all air conditioners with a heat pump can effectively work only at positive outdoor air temperatures, so it is necessary to warm up with air conditioning in the winter (it is written below).
Any correctly selected air conditioner can maintain the temperature indoor at level 20 - 22 ° C at an outdoor air temperature of 30 - 35 ° C. If the street is not too hot, the air conditioner power will be redundant, but it is impossible to change it, because the compressor of the usual (non-inverter) air conditioner has a fixed power. At the same time, to accurately maintain a given temperature, the air conditioner must have a cooling power variable. This problem is solved simply. When the air conditioner is turned on, its sensor constantly controls the air temperature in the room and when it falls at 1 - 2 ° C below the specified value of the compressor is turned off. The internal unit fan continues to work, so the compressor shutdown is not noticeable and manifests itself only in a gradual increase in temperature. When it rises at 1 - 2 ° C above the specified value, the compressor turns on and the entire cycle is repeated. The disadvantage of this technology is the strong fluctuations in the room inside the room, since for more accurate maintenance it would have to turn on and off the compressor too often, and this would lead to its rapid wear. Another drawback is manifested that when the compressor is turned on, very cold air begins to blow from the indoor unit - when it passes through the evaporator, it is cooled at 13 - 15 ° C. For example, if the current air temperature indoors is 24 ° C, then the air flow will be generated by air conditioning will have a temperature of 9 - 11 ° C, regardless of which temperature is set on the control panel. Located under direct flow of such cold air not only uncomfortable, but also dangerous to health.
Eliminate all these shortcomings managed only in 1981 when the first inverter conditionershaving a cooling power variable (heating). The inverter unit in such air conditioners converts alternating supply voltage to constant (this process is called invert), which allows smoothly to change the frequency of the compressor revolutions and thereby adjust the power of the air conditioner. In the process of operation of the invertor air conditioner, there is no permanent circuit in / off compressor, so the inverter split systems more accurately supports the specified temperature and are usually noisy. In catalogs for inverter split systems, not one power value, and the range in which it can change is indicated. Than this range is wider, the more accurate the inverter air conditioner will be able to maintain a given temperature. Therefore, when choosing an inverter split system, you should pay attention not only to the nominal power, but also on the ratio of maximum power to the minimum - the more this value will be, the better.
If you are going to install air conditioning in the bedroom, or if the window of nervous neighbors next to the outer block is located, then you should pay attention to the noise level of the purchased air conditioner. Noise level is measured in Decibelch (dB) - relative unit showing how many times one sound is louder than the other. For 0 dB, the threshold of hearingness is adopted (we note that the sounds with a level of less than 25 dB are actually not heard). The level of whisper - 25 - 30 dB, the noise in the office space, like the volume of the usual conversation, corresponds to 35 - 45 dB, and the noise of a lively street or loud conversation - 50 - 70 dB.
For most household air conditioners, the noise level of the indoor unit lies in the range of 26 - 36 dB, the outdoor unit is 38 - 54 dB. It can be noted that the noise of the working indoor unit does not exceed the noise level of the office space. Therefore, pay attention to the noise level of the air conditioner makes sense if you plan to install it in a quiet room (bedroom, personal account, etc.).
It would seem that now enough to choose air conditioning with the lowest level of noise, and comfort is guaranteed. But not everything is so simple: it may turn out that air conditioning with a noise level of 26 dB in practice will work louder than air conditioning with a level of 32 dB. And no deception is not here, and all the measurements were carried out correctly. And the thing is what. Any air conditioner can work in several dozen modes, and each mode has its own noise level. Since the main source of noise of the indoor unit is the flow of air passing through the fan, radiator and switchgear, it is logical to measure the noise level at the lowest fan speed and even make this speed as low as possible. The problem is that in this mode, the air conditioner will not produce the stated power and with hot weather or will automatically switch to a higher speed (with an increase in noise), or it will not be able to maintain the specified temperature. In complete description of the air conditioner, as a rule, the noise level for all modes of the fan or, at least, the maximum and minimum value is given. At the same time, the typical noise level of the inner block of the premium air conditioner is 27 - 31 - 34 dB for a three-speed fan. In the advertising booklet, only the smallest figure of 27 dB can be shown, and not more correct maximum The value of noise in 34 dB.
The quietest internal and external blocks in the inverter air conditioners of the upper price group.
It should be noted that air conditioners can be a source of not only monotonous noise generated by air flow, but also some other sounds - cracklers, hissing, bunglaughs, clicks. Usually, these noises are noticeable only in complete silence, but they can prevent calm sleep, because sudden sounds of sounds annoy much stronger than the monotonous noise. These sounds have different nature. Pressuring occurs when expanding and compressing parts of a plastic case caused by a change in its temperature. Freon can be boured and hiss when the compressor is turned on and off. And clicks arise when switching relays, fan control, compressor and other air conditioner nodes. Of all these noise, the greatest discomfort delivers the crackling of the housing - such sounds can even wake up among the nights. Recognize "Cracker" The internal unit is possible on cheap plastic, which in appearance and to the touch is significantly different from plastic from which premium air conditioners are made. Inverter air conditioners usually make less extraneous noise, since they do not occur in the temperature changes associated with the periodic turning on and off of the compressor.
If you really need a "quiet" air conditioner, you can advise before buying to bypass several firms that have demonstration halls with acting samples of air conditioners, touch the internal blocks, listen to how they work in different modes. In general, as a rule, the most "advanced" and expensive air conditioners are simultaneously the quieter.
A few words about the outdoor unit. With closed windows, otherwise the air conditioner is not allowed to operate, the noise of the outer block is practically not heard. But this noise is well heard by your neighbors if the air conditioner is not installed and all windows are open. Although the noise of the outdoor unit of a serviceable household air conditioner never exceeds the level allowed for the residential area, this noise can still interfere with residents, especially at night. Note that the difference in the noise level of external blocks of air conditioners of the upper and lower price group is significantly higher than the difference in the noise level of the internal blocks. In some Daikin split systems, there is even a "low noise outdoor" function, when the noise level of the outer block is reduced by two times.
Household split systems cannot submit fresh air into the room. This requires a separate ventilation system.
There is a delusion that any air conditioner can not only cool, but also to ventilate air indoors. However, the fully air function can be fully implemented only from channel air conditioners. Conventional Wall Split Systems can only cool or heat the air indoors, and the "ventilation" mode, which is written in the instructions to the air conditioner means that in this mode only the inner block fan works, without switching on the compressor.
To control all modern air conditioners, an infrared remote control with a liquid crystal display is used, which allows you to install the operation of the split system, the desired air temperature, program the timer to turn on / off the air conditioner, etc. As a rule, according to the number of functions, the air conditioners of the economy class differ little from the models of the upper price category. The reason for such a unification is that for implementation additional features You do not need to change or complicate the design of the air conditioner, it is enough just to reprogram the microcontroller, the operation of the air conditioner and add buttons to the remote control.
Due to this, manufacturers can be added to air conditioners new modes of operation or additional functions and successfully build their advertising campaigns based on them. As a result, from the point of view of consumer opportunities, the difference between air conditioners of various price groups is often absent. Less often meet functions that truly lead to the appreciation of the air conditioner, as their implementation requires a change in its design. For example, a built-in motion sensor allows you to save electricity, and the temperature sensor in the control panel allows you to maintain a specified temperature not in the area of \u200b\u200bthe indoor unit, and where the remote is located. How much these features are needed and whether to overpay them for the air conditioner to solve you.
The main modes and functions of air conditioners:
In most economy-class air conditioners, there are no protection systems from improper operation.
If consumer functions in all air conditioners are the same, then the protection functions from improper operation or adverse external conditions, on the contrary, differ significantly. The full-fledged system of control and control of the air conditioner involves the installation of a large number of sensors and additional devices in the external and inner blocks, which increases the cost of equipment by 20-30%. At the same time, it is impressive to advertise, say, the presence of a low pressure relay will not work and, accordingly, it will not be possible to get a quick return from the attached money. Therefore, in budget air conditioners, the control and protection system is practically absent. Even in the first group, many air conditioners have only partial protection against improper operation.
Basic monitoring and protection systems:
Of course, the air conditioning protection is not limited to the listed systems, but we considered those systems, the presence of which is very desirable to ensure that the air conditioner takes care of you, and not you about the air conditioner.
Freon is a refrigerant, that is, the substance that carries the heat from the inner block of the split-system into the outer (more about this process is written in the section of the air conditioner operation). Freons (Other Their name - chlorofluorocarbons) is a mixture of methane and ethane in which hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine and chlorine atoms. All refrigerants used in household appliances are non-combustible and environmentally friendly substances. There are several types of freon, different chemical formulas and physical properties. In air conditioners and refrigerators, freons R-12, R-22, R-134A, R-407C, R-410A and some others are most often used.
Previously, almost all household air conditioners, delivered to Russia, worked on Freon R-22, which was distinguished by a low price ($ 5 per 1 kg) and was easy to use. However, in 2000-2003, legislation restricting the use of Freon R-22 entered into force in most European countries. It was caused by the fact that many freons, including R-22 destroy the ozone layer. To measure the "harmfulness" of Freonon, a scale was introduced in which the ozone-separating potential of Freon R-13 was adopted, on which most old refrigerators work. Freon's potential R-22 is 0.05, and new ozone-safe freons R-407C and R-410A - zero. Therefore, by now, most of the manufacturers focused on the European market have been forced to switch to the release of air conditioners using ozone-safe freons R-407C and R-410A.
For consumers, such a transition meant raising both the cost of equipment and rates for assembly and service work. It was caused by the fact that new freons in their properties differ from the usual R-22:
Currently, in Moscow, you can buy air conditioners using both new, ozone-safe freons and "classic" R-22. However, in all new models of famous brands, ozone-safe freons are used.
When placing the blocks of the split system, it is desirable that the length of inter-block communications does not exceed 5 - 6 meters, otherwise the cost of installation will increase and the air conditioner power will increase.
The interconnection distance is of great importance as for the cost of installing the air conditioner and for its service life. This distance is determined by the length of inter-block communications - copper pipes and cable. The standard installation typically includes 5-meter highways - in most cases it is quite enough. In principle, the maximum length of the highway for household air conditioners is 15-20 meters (depends on the split system model), but the route of such length is not recommended for a number of reasons. First, the cost of installing the air conditioner is significantly increasing - 700 rubles for each additional meter of communications, and if the wall is required, the total cost of each additional meter may increase to 1200 - 1800 rubles. Secondly, with an increase in the length of the route, the power of the air conditioner drops and the load on the compressor increases. When the split-system blocks are placed, it is also necessary to take into account the limitations on the height difference between the inner and outer block (usually 7-10 meters).
Oddly enough, but too short route can also lead to problems. Freon pipes connecting the inner and outer blocks of split-systems are an element of a refrigeration circuit, so any deviation of the length of communications from the calculated 5 meters will lead to a change in parameters refrigeration cycle. Even if the split-system blocks are located just 1 meter from each other, the length of the track should be about 5 meters (its surplus turns into a ring that hides behind the outer block). notice, that budget air conditioning More sensitive to the deviation of the length of the track from the optimal value, since they have a simplified control and control system.
If the length of the track exceeds 15 - 20 meters, then you will have to use not household, but semi-sensitive conditioner. For example, the semi-industrial series of wall split systems FDKN Mitsubishi Heavy It is designed for the length of the track to 30 meters with a drop of heights up to 20 meters. A multi-zone VRV systems allow you to cut up 150 meters with a 50-meter height difference.
Correctly chosen air conditioner is capable of installing and maintaining a comfortable room temperature in the room - usually from + 18 ° C to + 28 ° C. With the outdoor temperature is more complicated.
For cooling mode: The lower limit is from -5 ° C to + 18 ° C for various models, the upper is about + 43 ° C.
For heating mode: the lower limit is from -5 ° C to + 5 ° C for various models, the upper is about + 21 ° C.
A significant variation in the lower temperature boundary is explained by the fact that to ensure normal operation of the air conditioner in a wide range of temperatures, the installation of additional sensors and the complication of the air conditioner scheme is required, and this increases its value. If you plan to include air conditioner for cooling at an outdoor temperature below + 15 ° С, we recommend paying attention to the working range of the selected model. The operating temperature range is always indicated in the technical directories or in the user manual. Operation of the air conditioner at a temperature below is permissible leads to unstable and cooling the radiator of the inner unit, with the result that water can drip from the air conditioner.
The difference between the air conditioners of the first and third group is manifested in the operating range of the outdoor air temperatures - stable operation at a temperature of -5 ° C to + 40 ° C is possible only if there is a high-quality and expensive control system. Most air conditioners are not designed to work at an outdoor temperature below -5 ° C.
If the outdoor temperature dropped below -5 ° C, then the air conditioner is not categorically recommended. For low temperatures The physical properties of freon and compressor oil change. As a result, when starting, the cold compressor can jam and it will have to be changed. But even in the case of a successful start-up, the compressor wear will be significantly higher than the permissible. Therefore, the operation of the air conditioner in the winter will inevitably lead to the failure of the compressor for 2 to 3 years. In addition, at negative temperatures, the drain hole of the drainage hose is freezing and the entire condensate begins to flow into the room.
However, not everything is so bad. Many manufacturers have air conditioners adapted to the conditions of winter work. What these split systems differ from their non-adaptive fellow - in the next paragraph.
All-season block allows air conditioning to operate at outdoor temperature up to minus 20 - 30 ° C, but the cost of air conditioner increases by $ 150 - 200.
So that the air conditioner can work in winter, in it is embedded additional device — all-season block or winter setwhich heated drainage and compressor crankcase, and also controls the operation of the outer block fan. In this case, the air conditioner can operate at low outdoor temperatures (usually up to -15 ° C ... -30 ° C). It should be borne in mind that even the adapted air conditioner under the temperature decreases the efficiency and cooling / heating power. At -20 ° C, the CPD of the air conditioner falls about three times compared with the nominal value. Therefore, in winter, it is better to use heaters for heating, which is also the same time in ten air conditioners. You can use non-adapted air conditioner for heating only in the offseason - in the fall and in the spring when the heating has not yet turned on or already turned off.
Air conditioning with a winter kit may be useful in two cases. First, to increase the reliability of the air conditioner. In this case, you can adapt almost any split system. Adaptation will allow you to turn on the air conditioner at any time of the year, without fear of the puddle on the floor and failure of the compressor. Secondly, the "winter air conditioning" will simply be needed in rooms with a large number of fuel technology, for example, in server, for cooling not only in summer, but also in winter time. Since there is little moisture in the cold outer air, the cooling of such a fitting room by the method reduces air humidity up to 20 - 30% (with optimal meaning 55%) that negatively affects not only people, but also on complex electronic equipment. Therefore, the only version of the server is the use of adapted air conditioning. The air conditioner with the factory adaptation of the first reliability group is best suited as an air conditioner for the server.
In the process of operation of any air conditioner on the surface of the evaporator (the radiator of the inner block), water is formed. It condenses when cooled through the air evaporator and flows into the pallet located under the evaporator. From the pallet, water on the drainage hose is removed from the air conditioner. Usually, the drainage hose through the hole in the outer wall is removed on the street, the plums are less common in the sewer. In any case, the drainage drainage should be lower than the pallet level so that water under the action of gravity could freely flow from the air conditioner.
However, there are cases where drainage drainage has to be located above the pallet level, for example, when installing an air conditioner in the basement. In such a situation it is necessary to use drainage pumpwhich can raise water to a certain height. Structurally pump is performed as a small rectangular block, in which the pump and the miniature tank with a water sensor is located. When filling the tank with water, the sensor turns on the pump, water is pumped up, after which the pump turns off and the cycle is repeated again. The pump installation leads not only to the appreciation of the air conditioner, but also to a noticeable increase in noise level. Therefore, it is desirable to install air conditioning in the apartments so that you don't have to use drainage pump.
Sometimes during the installation of the outer block of the split-system, a metal visor is installed above it. The main task of the visor is to protect the outer block from falling icicles and snow while cleaning the roof. However, when installing an air conditioner with a visor, most likely, you will have to use the services of an industrial climber. In this case, the outer block will have to be lowered for 25-30 centimeters below normal and it will be impossible to mount it from the window. For the same reason, to establish a visor over the already mounted block, as a rule, it is impossible without disassembling it / installation.
A protective box or grille is installed to protect the outer block from vandalism or theft. This box is a rectangular frame, covered with a metal large-scale grid and clinging out the outdoor unit from all sides, except for the bottom (access to the bottom is necessary for service). Such protection is used in cases where the outer block is installed in an easily accessible place - at low height, on the roof, etc.
Type of compressor, distinguish inverter or non-inverter;
Noise level indicator, depending on the device model, this value is 19-48DB;
Energy efficiency class;
Location of the indoor unit of the unit: outdoor or wall;
Type of refrigerant: R410A, R22, R410.
The above characteristics have a direct impact on the efficiency of the conditioning apparatus, which acts as an indicator of the expediency of purchasing this climate technique.
Cooling power aggregate
Perhaps the main purpose of any air conditioner is a decrease in the temperature of the air flow. That is why in the process of selecting the unit, first of all, it is worth paying attention to the cooling power.
The necessary performance of the apparatus will depend on the number of people living in the room, the size of the building, as well as the height of the ceiling.
Remember, if a large number of windows are provided in the construction, which goes to the south, or glazing occupies a significant area, cooling power must be increased by 20%.
The consumption of the energy of the device that works from the mains is 1/3 of the intensity of the cooling / heating of the air flow. In such conditions, the efficiency of the air conditioner reaches 300%, namely, the production of 3kW heat / cold electricity consumption is 1kW.
Remember, during operation, the device consumes energy only to move air from one environment to another, for example, from the street to the building, excluding the cost of its cooling / heating.
Given this fact, air conditioning, 2kw power, uses up to 700W electricity. At the same time, the energy consumption for the functioning of the split system is much lower than the same indicator for the operation of the electric kettle or iron.
It is an opinion that acquiring climate techniques of less power can significantly reduce the cost of electricity, as well as the expenses of the family budget, but this is not quite so. because of incorrect selection Equipment for the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, to cool the space, the device will spend additional electricity, which contributes to the rapid wear of the component parts of the mechanism. In addition, in a particularly hot period, for the production of coolness, the unit will function only on maximum revolutions, increasing the load on the components and creating a significant level of noise. As a result, climate technique will quickly come into disrepair.
If the air conditioner is acquired with high power, the unit will produce a strong cold air stream, increasing the risk of the development of colds from households. Also because of the rapid injection of gas to a given temperature mode, the interval between the processes of turning on the compressor will be insignificant, which is the cause of breakage of air-conditioning equipment.
The possibility of operation of the aggregate for heating
Currently, in addition to climatic equipment, awarded air cooling, a wide range of devices are presented on sale, which are also capable of producing it. As a rule, the cost of such devices is 15% higher, while during the cold season they are able to replace the heater.
In the process of the "Warm" air conditioner consumes four times less electricity than heat produces.
The principle of operation of such an aggregate is based on the heating of the air flow by pumping it from the street in the apartment. Given this fact, the cooling modes or heating are two opposite process, in which the reactions proceed with the accuracy of "to" on the contrary, while the conditional change in the places of internal and external units blocks occurs.
Remember, air conditioners equipped with a thermal pump are capable of functioning only under conditions of positive ambient temperatures. At the same time, for heating the room in winter it is necessary to give preference to inverter installations.
Air conditioner noise level
During the operation of the air conditioner, the noise level of the outdoor unit, depending on the model, is 39-53DB, and internal - 22-35DB.
That is why when selecting the unit, it is important to pay special attention to the volume of its functioning, since the construction that is optimally suitable for equipping the office space, can absolutely not fit for installation in a quiet room (for example, bedroom, personal account).
Remember, the noise level of air conditioners with identical indicators from different manufacturers may differ significantly.
Consider the main causes of this phenomenon
The use of various noise measurement techniques in the process of making the device. As a result, the results obtained from different manufacturers companies have some discrepancies.
Mode of operation. Given the fact that the main source of noise of the indoor unit of the air-conditioning device is airflow, passing through the distribution-fan-radiator fan, unscrupulous manufacturers measure the volume level of produced sounds at the minimum fan speed.
Remember, the volume of the air conditioner buzz depends on the selected mode of operation of the device. That is why before buying the device should examine its specifications in detail. In the description of the air conditioner, two noise level values \u200b\u200bshould be indicated - minimal and maximum.
The appearance of foreign sounds: crackle, click, hissing, bungalum.
As a rule, the crash-published from the air conditioner occurs as a result of expanding / compressing parts of the plastic case due to changes in its temperature.
Hissing or bullshit often appears when the compressor is turned on / off. At the same time, clicks are formed as a result of switching relay. Perhaps the greatest discomfort person feels due to crackling of the case. In order to minimize the likelihood of this sound, the air conditioner of the well-known manufacturer should be purchased, the inner block of which is made of high quality plastic.
Currently the most popular companies that produce split systems are Mitsubishi, Gree, LG, Samsung, Haier, Aeg, Daikin.
Remember, the smallest noise level makes an inverter unit in which there are no jump-shaped changes in temperature.
Selecting the unit, you should pay attention to the following functions:
These characteristics for air conditioners are not mandatory or characteristic, but most of the manufacturers have some of them our goods, as they improve the convenience of operating climatic equipment.
