Indoor plants are almost in every home. This is the best interior decoration. So that green pets grow beautiful and healthy, they need to ensure the right care. In this article we learn how to care for houseplants.
There are so many different types of indoor plants. Each variety is characterized by its external characteristics and peculiarities. However, there are general rules for growing all home plants. We will analyze according to the items, as for them it is necessary to competently care.
Most of the seeds of indoor plants is simple. Many of the green pets are distinguished by unpretentiousness, so they can be grown by novice flows. In any case, causing in indoor plants, it is necessary to observe moderation throughout. The necessary watering and feeding is required to be made without excessive diligence. The oversupply in liquid or fertilizer should not be in any case. And add them to be timely. If you do not comply with moderation in the care of indoor plants, you can encounter a lot of serious problems.
For example, the mooring of the soil often entails the rotation of the root planting system. As a result, the flowers can begin to hurt much, and subsequently risk perishing.
Caring for indoor plants, you must not forget about the required period of rest.In winter, many famous varieties of domestic flowers go into a kind of "reduced energy consumption" mode. In such a period, there is no need for feeding. Watering and other caring manipulations should be cut.
It is equally important to maintain a healthy and attractive view of houseplants. Required to remove dried buds, inflorescences, leaf plates and shoots. Listed manipulations will contribute to the preservation and attractiveness and health of plants.
Lained dead components, the flowers will not spend the vitality of the vitality, nursing unnecessary parts.
Each flower dealer knows that indoor plants are required Daily inspection. Thus, it is easier to monitor the state of green pets. Subject to regular inspections, a person can notice the originations that touched the plants in time. Most often you can notice on the room colors of damage to fungus or viruses. On time, the proper treatment will be more successful.
Any operations made to care for plants, be it watering, landing, transplanting or fertilizer is carried out using the appropriate inventory. Consider what it will be necessary for the flower for growing green pets.
All needed to care for plants inventory can be bought in special garden shops. Usually, such devices are inexpensive.
Indoor plants need to ensure optimal conditions of content. Consider in detail what flower water should take care of.
Many indoor plants need sufficient lighting. Usually the duration of the daytime should be from 12 to 16 hours per day. At the moments when the plant is at rest, these time frames can be reduced. Since in our country, climatic conditions are not everywhere favorable, people have to often resort to auxiliary illumination (special lamps are suitable). This is especially true of thermo-loving tropical flowers that prefer to grow on the sunny side.
It is not recommended to exhibit room plants on the windowsill under the most straight rays of the sun. In such conditions, green pets risk getting burns. The sun should not be in excess. Ideal multiple light or light half-length - it all depends on the preferences of a certain type of plants. It is worth keeping in mind that with insufficient lighting, photosynthesis processes will inevitably slow down. This will negatively affect the health status of the flower.
At home, the thermal-loving plants are most often grown, which will not be able to survive on the street. Such landings are needed warm, indoor air temperature in the room where they grow. Optimal indicators range from +16 to +22 degrees Celsius.
Even the tropical areas of houseplants "do not like" excessive heat. Do not try to create conditions in your home, too close to the jungle.Rare room colors "will like" the temperature indicators exceeding the +24 degree mark. And there are also such cultures that are better growing in a mild cooling situation (for example, at a temperature of +15 degrees Celsius).
The main percentage of indoor plants refers to the moisture category. The level of humidity should be slightly higher than the average values. At the same time, it is not necessary to forget about the immediate origin of domestic flowers - most of them come from wet tropics. High humidity indicators have a beneficial effect not only in the state of plants, but also people.
Try to ensure that the air surrounded in room colors is dry. It will not affect their appearance and health in general. At the same time, the risk of pest attacks will increase.
It is important to take care of the use of high-quality soil for colors. Roomplants are no longer anywhere to take nutrients, except from the soil. In the soil should contain not only all the necessary nutritional components. The land should also have a suitable structure. It should not be overwhelmed or overly dense. It is important to take care of the drainage layer in a pot with a plant. The drainage layer is needed for almost all domestic flowers.
Modern flower products can choose independently, in which reservoir to grow indoor plants. There is a mass of suitable tanks made from different materials: pots, vases, boxes. All colors dishes are divided into 2 types:
Indoor plants feel better in growing tanks. However, such tanks look much easier, with their help spectacularly decorate the interior can hardly.
Growing favorite plants at home it is important to take care of their proper watering. Any cultures love moisture. In the conditions of a closed soil in a pot of colors, it is nowhere to get it, therefore a person should not forget about the timely fluid emissions. Some cultures are easily experiencing temporary drought (for example, succulent), but there are such varieties that begin to quickly wake, if you skip at least a couple of polishers.
The lighter of the drought is losing bulbous plants.They already have certain moisture reserves that are collected in their fleshy areas. But the flowers having thin stems risk perhaps the lack of moisture. The frequency of irrigation directly depends on the time of year, a certain variety of indoor plants, as well as the ambient temperature. In winter, in the fall and in cool conditions it should be less likely to moisten home flowers. Anyway before irrigating, it is necessary to make sure that the upper earthen layer in pots with plants is already reduced.
To the top of the substrate, the white salt crust, as well as in order to increase the permeable qualities, It is necessary to regularly carry out soil.But you need to pay attention to the device root system of plants - If it is superficial, you need to show maximum caution.
Many of the beginner flower flowers that do not have rich experience are easy fear of trimming the room plants, considering it and complex and traumaous. But there is nothing to be afraid. If everything is done correctly and form a flower carefully, no problems will arise. Green pets will not suffer from this.
If you need to remove the growth point at the top of the landings, here you can use the simplest technology - topping. If the flower has thin stems, the sepitude is permissible to produce 2 fingers. If we are talking about a fleet of a plant, it is best to use scissors - it will be more convenient and easier. For trimming, you should always take a secateur, knife or scissors. Manually implement this procedure.
The transplant is required by all types of indoor plants, especially if we are talking about young landings. They grow pretty quickly, so Transplantation They Need every spring in the first 3 years of life. Adult room colors frequent transplants are no longer needed. To replant them to another place is only possible as needed - depending on the growth rate, plant sizes and other circumstances.
At the time of indoor plants required An unscheduled transplant. Most often it is necessary to resort to it if there are certain diseases or a serious damage to hazardous pests. If there is too strong overvailing of the soil, the plants are better to transplant more, without expecting rotting rotting. If the transplant is planned, fresh flower pot selected by 2-3 cm. More in diameter.
Mature and slowly growing cultures are often transplanted into the same pot, you just need to change the earth in it.
Indoor plants must be fertilized by mineral balanced compositions. They must be saturated required components (from potassium to phosphorus). The use of high-quality fertilizers strictly according to the instructions will result in the overall state of landings, the root formation and rooting will be improved. Fit saturated means of type "corneser".
Liquid compositions should be applied according to the scheme: every 2 weeks during the actual growth (from April to September). Fertilizing candles are simply inserted into the substrate, where they nourish the earth. Granular components are laid out on the surface of the soil. The use of complex feeding needs many indoor plants in August.
There are various methods of reproduction of indoor plants. We will analyze the most popular of them. Generative reproduction occurs with the help of landing new seeds in a suitable substrate.To vegetative methods can be attributed Shining. To do this, cut off the top of the plant's stem. The cutlets need to be planted in soil, water to water. Capacity is covered with film.
Popular breeding kids. They are separated by fingers, plant in the prepared containers from the ground. When young flowers are growing up, they will be searched on separate pots. The reproduction of a mustache is common. The algorithm of action is simple: from the ends of the shoots, the daughter's daughter proceeds - mustache. They should be planted into the moisturized land, if they managed to take them together with the roots. If the sample is taken without roots, the mustache rooted, as in the stinking.
If you want your indoor plants to grow beautiful and healthy, it is worth arming a few secrets of experienced flowerflowers.
Olga Gorbatova
Labor In Nature "Training Children Watering Houseplants" (Junior Group)
Software tasks:
Learn children Practical skills policy
Introduce me to children with the structure of the employment process
Educate plants as living beings, to raise the desire to regret plant, effectively help him
Wordwork:
Plant, watering can, pot with pallet, stem, leaves, root, water, Wet land, beautiful, healthy.
Equipment:
Models labor process, apron, glue, watering can, flower in a pot with pallet
Aprons, skols, watering cans, flowers in pots with pallet
Preliminary work:
Observation by plant.(acquaintance with the peculiarities of the appearance, the structure, monitoring plant. in favorable and unfavorable states (lack of moisture, monitoring labor tutor by watering plants Corner of nature(Acquaintance with the model labor process)
Organization children:
Children stand at the tables arranged by the letter
Input part
Children, a bear came to us and brought a flower with him.
Bear greets with children.
Guys, let's ask the teddy bear, why is it so sad, not fun?
Bear says he is sad because his favorite the plant was so beautifullike in the picture (shows the model, va now has become so (Shows plant) . Bear says that he does not know what happened to him, sorry for him plantThat is why he is sad.
And you feel sorry for Mishkino plant? (yes, sorry)
Let's regret the bear with you, tell him gentle words, do not cry a bear, we will help you, and you will again be cheerful, joyful.
Children, why Mishkino the plant was the same? What did he forget to do?
Let's listen to what asks plant.
Plant requeststo it polilli And then it will recover.
Guys, Bear says he does not know how water and nowprobably his plant will die.
Children, can we help Mishke? (can)
How? (We can teach it water plant)
Setting the goal:
Let's teach the bear correctly water plant
Children we want plant How did you feel? (Okay)
So that it makes it? (with children pronounces; plant It was good that the leaves look up to the stalk look up to the earth to be wet). Not to forget about it, put the picture (model - plant in good condition)
What plant now? (Examination is conducted plants: Leaves, stem, land). So as not to forget what plant now, We will put the picture (model - plant in unfavorable). Plant. It is necessary to help more. To do this, you need to choose the right tools.
Children, Bear says he knows what to do.
Look, he brought watering can. Look, Watering can have a handle so that we can keep a watering can, the watering can have a spout, the water is poured out of the nose, there is a hole, it is poured into this hole in a watering can.
Children, what is missing in Mishkina? (water)
Which watering can be taken? So as not to forget that you need to take watering can, put the picture (model - funds labor: Water watering can)
And now what will we do?
Children, Bear says he remembered how water And she wants to show us (the bear holds a watering can with one hand, pouring water on the leaves, under the root, wants to pour all the water from the watering can.
Bear, you are not right watering the plant. It is impossible to pour water to the root and on the leaves, and immediately pour all the water from the watering. Plant may die.
Look, children like I will water plant. Before you start work, I put on the apron, so as not to wet and not stain clothes. The flower stands in a pot with a pallet on the glue. I take a watering can with a carriage, I will put the spout to the edge of the pot, I'll slowly go, gradually the water will not appear on the pallet.
So as not to forget that plant need to pour put pictures(model labor actions) .
Kids plantif we are correctly pollying it? ( plant It will be in good condition, the stem will be smooth, lowered sluggish leaves will also rise, there will be even, elastic.)
So as not to forget to put a picture (model - plant in good condition)
Fixing
Before starting work, what will we do? (put on Apron)
How will we hold a watering can? (nose at the edge of the pot)
How much will we pour water? (While water does not appear on the pallet)
What will be plant after irrigation? (plant will be in good condition)
Independent work
Teddy bear, yours we helped the plantNow it will recover.
Some plants in our group also need to help, polick themso that they do not become like in the picture (show the model - plant in unfavorable)
Children want to help?
Then you need to find plantswho want to drink. Here's like in the picture (a model is demonstrated plants in unfavorable)
Mishka, together with the educator watching child laborI ask clarifying questions. When difficulties I come to the help.
I remind you to children that it's time to finish work and that you need to put a workplace in order.
Didactic game "Where did the bear hide?"
Didactic task: clarify the name of the acquaintances plants
Gaming Rule: Find Mishka
Gaming action: Finding a game character and calling plantsbeyond which he hidden
Children, soon our plants will become the same beautiful, healthy, as in the picture (show the model - plant in a favorable)
They will feel good. Today we made two kind cases with you: helped plants and taught a bear to water his plant.
Bear tells you all thanks, now His plant Will feel good. He is very happy about it. Now Bear learned water plantAnd it will always take care of him so that it is in good condition and pleased with his beauty.
Children, and you are glad that they helped plants? (emotionally divided joy children)
How to understand what is the plant that suffers from the convergence? Fallen leaves - one of the symptoms. In a number of plants, such as citrus, they fall off in the literal sense - they darken and fall. In others, for example, among the aroid (Agronami, Diffenbahia) or Marandes, they are darker, but for a long time they still hold on the stems. In plants forming the rosettes of leaves or pseudo sockets (yukki, drazes), the leaves are not darker immediately, and at first discolored, become pale yellow. But in other cases, the characteristic difference between the leaves, dying from the convergence - the darkening of the sheet. The sheet does not just turn yellow, it darkens exactly, the color becomes from a healthy juicy-green dirty-swamp shade, gradually goes into brown. If the overgrowth was preceded by a punch, then the sheet turns turns first, then the sheets of the sheet and the leaf itself darkens.
The reinforced roots are smelling, the top layer of the root becomes dirty-gray, peels, if you carry out with your fingers, there is a thin rigid core. These roots died from the convergence.
And these are healthy living roots - green, yellowish or whitish, in some plants juicy brown color.
Sudden or gradual flipping of leaves, blackening shoots, crude grounding ground ...
The trunk also seems alive, green, but the roots rotted, the plant cannot be saved.
When the plant is not enough water, the leaves are always yellow, while leaf tissue can lose elasticity, drop, and can remain dry. After watering, the turgor is restored, the leaves become elastic again. If insufficient food, mzzhilk chlorosis may appear, the leaves do not go down, continue to grow, but become smaller. When the leaves may lose their elasticity, to lower, but after irrigation, the elasticity is not restored, and the darkening of the leaves, on the contrary, increases. Sometimes the leaves can be poured even without darkening - still green. But the appeal of leaves can occur from watering cold water. Ideally, the water temperature for watering should be 2-3 ° C above the temperature in the room, but not lower than 22 ° C. Cold water is not digested by roots, causes the dying of suction roots from supercooling, and, as a result, the dedication of leaves.
As for the rigidity of water, it cannot be the reason for the sudden fence of leaves and the death of the plant. If we water the plants with hard water, even the most capricious, extensive salts, plants will not start massive leaves. All the harm manifests itself gradually: the chlorose spots appear first, the tips or edges of the leaves appear, one or two leaves will yellow, the new leaves grow small and the plant looks oppressed, but the leaves are not occurring.
With the mass falling of the leaves, when the leaves are not falling off one after another, and immediately dozens, the reasons can be the following: sharp hypothermia (for example, during transportation of home), watering with concentrated fertilizer (root burning), strong punching, and only hygrofitis and mesogigrophyts (and a little of them), and overvoltage. Naturally, the first two reasons can be easily calculated, and the breakdown to distinguish from the convergence is also possible, but for this plant must be removed from the pot. Hurry up the soil with a finger at a depth is not always possible (for example, the roots scattered greatly), and only pulling out a plant from the pot, you can install wet land inside the root coma.
Some flowerflowers to the latter pull, not wanting to remove the plant and inspect the roots. They are either selflessly confident that there was no convergence, or fear that an unscheduled transplant would damage the plant. But if there is at least the slightest suspected suspension, do not even doubt - take out and inspect the roots. Sometimes the root plant of the plant grows in this way: at the top of the roots are not thick, the soil is easily enhancing between them, and at the bottom of the pot of the roots twist a dense ring, the weave of the roots makes it difficult to dry and at the bottom of the plant soil dries very long. This is especially aggravated by the fact that the holes on the bottom of the pot are small, clogged with pebbles or grains of the earth.
On the tangerine, the result of the convergence and overclocking of the Earth. Chlorosis is a shortage of various trace elements.
Such a deplorable state is the result of the root system supercooling: watering cold water or the plant is left with crude ground on a cold balcony, on the street.
There is also a crying symptom characteristic of the strongest long-term overvaluation - darkening, blackening and wilting down the pains of shoots. If a similar picture happened, then the case is already very launched, often save the plant is simply impossible. If they started (wares or darkened) the top of all shoots that there is nothing to save. A similar picture is possible only with a strong recession of the roots, and never occurs when drilled. When driving, the wilment begins with old leaves, from the lower escape, the barrel is broken down. When the leaves, the leaves fade in any part of the crown, but more often from above, from the pains of shoots.
And of course, any softening of stems or leaves in plants with fleshy parts of the body, and these are yukki, drazes, diffenbahia, any succulents (Tolstanka, adenium, etc.), cacti - a sure sign of excessive humidity.
Another symptom, not quite faithful and not always indicating a particular plant, but still forcing the presence of mushroom mosquitoes. If the swarm of the midge takes off from the pot, it means that you walked out the flowers too abundantly, perhaps it was one or two times, and perhaps it was in the habit of watered overly. Unlike mosquito, pins (tears) - white or dirty gray insects, about 1-2 mm, jumping over the surface of the earth in a pot - a sure sign that the flower is not poured.
When you still installed that the plant was flooded, you need to urgently take action. If you have established the fact of overvalued after the plant from the pot was taken out - then you have a transplant. If we determined the fact of overvoltage on indirect signs (the dedication of leaves, crude land to the touch), then the need for transplant depends on the severity of the situation.
Signs of the Bay of Orchids - Falenopsis leaves yellow, they are sluggish, wrinkled. The bark will dry for a very long time, from a permanent contact with the raw surface roots puments.
Rotten roots need to trim. In some cases, the new pot will have to choose a smaller size than it was.
So, you take a plant from the pot, and you need to determine the state of the earth and the roots. Still, raw land and how much? Calculate when you last watered how much she sued. Sometimes a person is convinced that the earth has long been dry, passed, say, a week after irrigation, and when inspection it turns out that there is still very raw in the pot. Then try to remember what the weather was, how it happened that the soil did not have time to die! It is important to at least try to analyze in order to prevent such or calculate what plants could still be filled. Some people have bays systematically over time. This suggests that it is necessary to radically revise the care system: perhaps change the land in pots on a more structured, loose, increase drainage holes, shove more drainage to the bottom of the pot; water smaller; Rearrange the plants into a warmer room or water less often when the earth will dry. Sometimes you need to literally clap yourself, so as not to rise with a watering can above the plant ahead of time ...
Inspect the roots. Rotten can be seen immediately - they smell, if you grab the root with two fingers and pull the skin with it - it is brown or dark gray, it remains a bunch of vessels like a wire, hard rod. If such a bundle occurred - the root rotted. Healthy roots do not smell, if you spend your fingers on the surface, the top layer does not take. In some cases, the roots are not resolved, the fleshy juicy roots rot on completely, and this is also visible immediately - they are dark, dirty gray or brown, sometimes softened. It is often possible to determine healthy roots and rotten in contrast of the appearance, alone bright, white, light brown, other dark, not only outside, but also on the breakdown or places of cliff.
There are cases when rotten roots are easily broken and when removing the plant from the pot, fall off with the ground. If there is definitely rotten roots you did not find, but the earth and root comes are raw, you need to dry them. To do this, wet the Korele com in any hygroscopic material: in the stroke of old newspapers, in a roll of toilet paper. You can even put a plant with an open root system (without a pot) to dry for several hours.
Having discovered rotten roots, you need to cut them off, no matter how much them. This is a source of infection, there is nothing to regret. Sut off all before a healthy fabric. If the roots are fleshy, juicy, watery, then sections of cuts are desirable to spray coal (woody, birch) or sulfur powder (sell in pet stores). If there is neither one or the other, interpret activated carbon tablet. If the roots remained very little, significantly less than it was, you need to transplant the plant into a smaller pot.
I have already said that in itself too spacious pot, not filled with roots, does not contribute to the rapid growth of plants, and in some cases it even harms. In a spacious pot, the plant fill the lighter of the lung. And even if we water carefully, the plant seeks to increase the root system, master the large surface of the earth and only then increases the growth of the ground part.
Substrate for aroid, bromels and other plants. Instead of a pot of a basket, a substrate: Land Coconut fiber, coconut substrate, wine cork, pine bark and moss (his albeit). A replancing anthurium, transplanted into this mixture, bloomed in a month, and produces the third bud.
If you tend to pour plants, then use clay pots for planting plants. But there is one important point: from the inside the pot should not be glazed. If the walls of the clay pot from the inside are covered with icing, it is no better than plastic.
So, you need to choose a pot under the left after removal of the root com. In this case, the rule will be effective: better less pot, the larger. Nothing terrible if the pot is small, they will grow healthy roots, they will celebrate you with their appearance of drainage holes, and you simply translate the plant into a big pot and that's it. During the growing season, plants can be relocated at any time and more than once. Most plants, if they fall ill after a transplantation, stop in growth, then it is most often due to incorrect care after transplanting, and not from the roots injury.
After transplanting, it is impossible to put plants in the sun, even the most light-minded, they should be trained under shading. It is impossible to water the plants on the same day, especially reanimated from overflow - these are in 2-3 days after 2-3 days. It is impossible to fertilize the transplantable plants within 1-1.5 months. And when transplanting patients (including flooded), dry fertilizers should not be added (neither manure, no litter, nor granular fertilizers. It is impossible to block a transplanted plant in a plastic bag. This very package sometimes becomes a very evil. The fact is that transplanted plants devoid of watering in the first days need to be placed in the conditions of high humidity. And many seek to shove the plant in the package and tie a stronger. In this case, the importance, of course, increases. But the access of oxygen is reduced. As we remember, the plant is breathing and roots and leaves, if the plant was flooded, it especially needs fresh air, and if pathogenic microorganisms developed on it - various spots of fungal or bacterial origin, it is simply necessary for fresh air!
Here you can do this: put the plant into a transparent package, straighten it to straighten, but do not tie. If the weather is very hot, then you can spray 1-2 times a day if the plants do not tolerate water from the fall on the leaves, then simply put the pot on a wide pan with water on an inverted saucer.
If the plants have planted crowns, the ends of the shoots, they must be cut to healthy tissues. If there is an opportunity, at the same time, and draw the plant - cut off healthy twigs on rooting to be able to preserve at least something if the bay has already led to irreversible consequences. Sometimes it happens that the roots rot on completely, but some of the shoots still keep in vigorous until it fades (it is temporary) and you can still cut cuttings with them. In some cases, when reinforcing roots in the vascular system of plants, toxins fall (the aforementioned marsh gases, the products of bacteria and mushrooms) and cut cuttings, even healthy ones are not rooted, they are already doomed ...
After the transplantation, the flooded plant can be made of growth stimulants (epin or charm), only in the dark (in the dark, most stimulants decompose). If there are dark spots on the leaves, releasing the pains of shoots, it is advisable to spray a plant with fungicide, or add fungicide to water for watering. Fonggicides are suitable: Fundazole, Maxim, Hom, Oxychik (and other copper containing drugs). 3-4 days after a transplantation to fresh dry ground, the plant can be poured with a zircon solution.
If a plant with a wide rosette of leaves turned out to be filled, in the form of a funnel, like bromeliev, then it is necessary to dry the bases of the leaves. To do this, you first need to flip the plant down with leaves. When water strokes fall asleep into a rosette 2-3 tablets of crowded activated carbon. After 3-5 minutes, carefully remove it with a soft fluffy tassel. Many bromellese boot when they watered them through the rosette of the leaves. Read more recommendations on the cultivation of a particular plant, and especially care in winter time.
Another important point: After the gulf of the soil in the pot, the roots of the plants continue to highlight carbon dioxide, slow down the humus update is slowed down, and humic acids accumulate, which increases the soil acidity, many batteries are transferred to the unavoidable plants. For example, iron turns into an oxidized form (F3 +), from which rust-brown crust is formed on the surface of the Earth. Oxidized iron is not absorbed, as a result, the plant exhibits all signs of its deficiency - strong chlorosis. This is especially noticeable on fruit plants: signs of calcium, iron, nitrogen deficit appear. At this stage, some flower products do not pay attention to the state of the soil, and hurry to treat a consequence, and not the reason. As a result, the plant continues to suffer, turn yellow. At times it becomes better (for example, after spraying by the Ferovit), and after making fertilizers in the soil - even worse.
In such a situation, the only way out is the complete replacement of the Earth. And if you hurried to make fertilizers, it is advisable to rinse the roots when transplanting under the jet of warm water. Then to dry, remove rotten, spray coal and plant in fresh dry ground.
If you have a white or red-haired salt crust on the surface of the Earth - this is the signal: the earth will dry for a long time! A similar salt crust must be removed, replaced the top layer of the Earth for Fresh.
Without watering the garden and the garden, fruit trees and other cultures will not give the harvest to which you expected, and in the arid seasons they will die at all. There are several ways to irrigate the garden and the garden, and before resorting to one of them or use a whole complex, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules of watering.
Watering the garden in summer, in the spring and autumn is a difficult, but the necessary thing. Therefore, watering plants must be simple in manufacturing, reliable and safe for maintenance.
The small spare nozzles manufactured by the industry will greatly facilitate labor during watering. The nozzle is inserted into the hose, which is vertically fixed with a wire or a hometomb on a pole, stuck in the ground. When applying to the hose, water is sprayed, moisturizing the soil. Having finished watering one site, the hose with the sixth rearranged to another place, and the process is repeated.
You can conduct a pipeline with vertical pipes, securing on each by the nozzle, and, opening the valve, water the entire plot immediately. Often used pipe irrigation. In this case, pipes with holes are placed in the garden. The water supplied under pressure through the holes falls into the furrows, digging to a depth of 20-30 cm near the plants at a distance of 0.5-1 m from their trunks (depending on age).
For the need for water, fruit cultures can be positioned as follows (from more demanding less demanding): quince, apple tree, pear, plum, walnut, sweet cherry, cherry, peach, apricot.
Watering fruit gardens Given the phases of vegetation of fruit plants. Before the start of flowering, there is usually enough moisture accumulated soil in the winter.
During the flowering period, the gardens are watered if the soil is dry, and bloom is abundant.
In June - July, the garden usually requires watering if the amount of precipitation is not enough. Water during this period is required for the growth of shoots, fruits and bookmarks of fruit kidney.
Fruit gardens during the summer are recommended to water in case of insufficient rainfall five or six times in southern areas and 3-4 times - in the north, and young plantings are 3- 4 times more often. With a high yield and sufficient fertilizer, the number of irrigations should be increased.
Garden irrigation standards depend on the age of plants, the composition of the soil, the amount of harvest, etc. It is believed that for the garden of the garden 5 acres (0.05 hectares) is required on average 15-30 m3 of water by one watering. 1-2 days after each watering, soil loosen is necessary. In the case of soil mulch, the number of irrigation can be reduced twice.
The amount of water available for plants depends on many factors. Including from the type and depth of the soil, the depth of the root system, the speed of water loss during evaporation, on temperature and the rate of moisture flow into the soil.
The rate of extracting water from the soil is the function of the concentration of roots. The deeper the root system, the speed below. More than 40% of the water is extracted from the upper root layer.
Water incoming to the soil moves with the speed with which field moisture is created. Water movement in the soil from bottom to top is carried out by capillary forces. Water loss on evaporation affects only the upper soil layers. In a period of long droughle, it is easy to recognize plants with a finely occurring root system.
The correct time of watering is especially important for the development of vegetable crops and obtaining the maximum harvest. In addition, it is necessary to observe and irrigation norms. For example, to penetrate water to the root system, it is not enough to simply moisten the surface of the soil. According to the observations of specialists, the 3-centimeter layer of water penetrates into the soil to a depth of up to 25 cm. To rush into such a depth of a plot of 0.5 hectares, 130,000 liters of water should be spent. During prolonged drought, frequent minor favors do not benefit by plants, as water does not reach the main volume of the root system, and a solid crust appears on Earth. At the same time, planting side roots are formed in plants, which also suffer from tightened dry weather.
Sand soils dry out much faster than clay and require more frequent irrigations. To find out how things are concluded with soil moisture on the site, you need to dig a scoop with a depth of 20-30 cm. If the soil at such a depth is slightly wet or dry, watering should be immediately made.
Most of the moisture requires vegetable cultures during intensive growth, that is, from the end of the spring until the middle of the summer, when the development of plants is determined precisely by water. In late summer, excess moisture may harm some cultures. For example, melons and watermelons are not watered during the ripening period. Tomatoes can also crack from excessive moisture, without having to redden. But still, for most plants, the irrigation norms are determined at the rate of 10-15 l / m2 per week. Organization rates of decorative crops are close to norms for vegetable.
The main amount of water is absorbed by plants in spring and summer. Special attention should be paid to watering when planting trees and shrubs so that the soil tightly fitted their roots. Plants in the open soil are susceptible to natural dried in the influence of sunlight, although they get enough moisture with winter sediments. Interestingly, a layer of rainwater in 1 mm gives per 1 hectare of 10 m3, that is, 10 tons. Snow plates with a thickness of 40 cm - 1000 tons of water by 1 hectare, or 100 liters per 1 m2. It is necessary to ensure that the soil near the walls, fences and under the trees fully received moisture, as there are certain difficulties when watering in these places. Plants in pots and ads are susceptible to rapid drying and in the summer need regular irrigation.
The lack of water adversely affects the growth, fruiting and winter hardiness of fruit trees. But even more detached excess of moisture for them. In the overwhelmed soil, gas exchange decreases, life microbiological processes slow down, the temperature in the habitat of the root system is reduced, which can lead to the dying of the root parts. For fruit trees, frequent watering is harmful when only the surface layer of the soil is moistened. It brings only harm because it hinders the free air exchange. Watering fruit trees should be carried out on a depth of 60-80 cm. To determine the soil availability with water, it is necessary to dig a scoop to a depth of 40-50 cm, take a lounge of the earth and squeeze tightly. If it keeps his form, it means that the humidity is normal, and if the land on the palm crumbles, watering is required. True, for the sand soil, such a way is less indicative.
Before it is properly watering fruit trees, you need to determine the time when you do. Under one of the trees when landing at a depth of 1-1.5 m, a plastic vessel filled with half gravel, and then the soil from the surface of the site. The vessel with the hose is connected to another, buried nearby at the same level. Above it in the ground, the neck is plugged with a bottle of 20 liters. Through the tube, 2 tubes are passed through the tube: atmospheric air flows into one, and the other is lowered into the second plastic vessel.
As the moisture tree is consumed, its number in the first vessel will decrease, and the water from the bottle will flow into the second vessel. To know exactly when to start watering, on the wall of the bottle make a marker of a critical level. The soil layer in the garden should be moistened to the depth of the life of the root system, for which 600-1000 m3 of water should be spent on 1 hectare. If we talk about watering each tree, then for a 3-5-year instance, one-time irrigation should be 5-8 buckets, for 7-10-year-old - 12-15 buckets, and older trees are watered even more. For example, with the diameter of the Krona of the Apple tree 3 M, it takes 20 buckets of water during the first spring watering and 30-35 buckets during the second.
And how to water the garden, taking into account the composition of the soil? With light sandy soils, more frequent watering are needed, but with a lower water consumption rate; With severe clay - rare, but abundant.
Here you can watch the video watering video with the most common method:
With a lack of moisture in the soil, the growth of grown crops is suspended, water evaporation occurs through the leaves, from the surface of the soil around the plants.
On a hot day, the evaporation of moisture can reach 5 l / m2. But this does not mean that watering vegetable cultures need daily, excessive moisturizing, as already mentioned, can also slow down growth.
For the germination of seeds and the normal development of seedlings, there is a lot of water, but how much exactly it depends not only on weather conditions, but also from the type of culture. Sheet vegetables that have to eat leaves or shoots (color and white cabbage), react well to frequent regular watering, starting from the seeding phase. The optimal weekly norm in the arid periods in vegetation is 10-15 l / m2.
In such cultures, such as peas and beans, excess soil moisturizing at the beginning of the growing season can cause increased growth of leaves to the detriment of the development of fruits. In this case, in the phase of germs there is no need for artificial irrigation (except for drought period), but during flowering and the beginning of the formation of fruits is required by watering 1-2 times a week at water flow 5-10 l / m2.
According to the rules of watering plants in the garden, irrigation of vegetable crops is best carried out in the evening or morning clock. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the soil moistened to a greater depth.
When watering vegetable crops, the splashing of water on the surface often leads to excessive evaporation, and the moisture does not even have time to go to the root system of plants.
At the same time, evening irrigation can lead to the development of some diseases of vegetable crops, as the soil may not dry until the morning.
In order to avoid the need for constant polishes, moisture-holding activities should be carried out.
On those soils that weakly hold water, deep people is recommended, which contributes to an increase in the power of the rooted layer and, as a result, water reserves available to plants. The most effective way to preserve moisture is to enter the soil of manure, compost, peat, humus. All organic substances should be thoroughly mixed with soil.
In order to save moisture, it is important to destroy weeds in time, at the very beginning of their growth. The width of the rod and the distance between the plants in the row also matter to determine the irrigation rate. Experimental means optimal food areas of various vegetable plants.
To reduce water losses from the soil surface, mulching of crops with compost or overwhelming leaves. Mulching material must be laid after rain or watering.
To avoid sealing the top layer of the Earth, it is necessary to braid well before mulching. In addition, mulch prevents the growth of weeds. And if they appear, they are easier to pull them out of a loose substrate.
To germinate seeds, a certain amount of water is necessary, so the soil when crops should be wet. It is usually watered in 1-2 days. In this case, a favorable water-air mode is formed in the soil to appear germs. You can hide the grooves and in front of the sowing, consuming 0.6-0.8 liters per messenger meter.
After planting seedlings at a permanent place it is necessary to water. Before rooting, water consumption per 1 plant should be 0.1 liters per day, provided a thoroughly altered soil.
For the right watering of vegetable crops, it is best to moisten not all the beds, but only the roasting zone. On large areas, such watering is not proteomic, in this case it is recommended to use sprinklers and exercise soil moisturizing daily, although it is fraught with water overrun.
There are 4 main types of watering plants: superficial, sprinkle, rode and jet. With surface irrigation, water is distributed over the soil surface.
When sprinkling under pressure, water sprinkles in the form of rain. With under-irrigation, it enters the root system of the plant, passing over the impermeable soil layer. With the ventilation of irrigation, water rises under pressure on thin pipes to individual plants.
The simplest view of watering of the garden - with the help of watering. This garden tool is available on sale in several types of various volumes, but it is advisable to use a 10-liter watering can on the site. Wheels of larger volume are heavy in use, and smaller - require frequent filling.
The leaks should have a comfortable handle and long spout. Most of the slabs are equipped with low-hole nozzles or grid, which are used when watering seeds and shoots. It is starting on the one hand, carry the watering can be thrown over the seedlings, trying to maintain a constant water pressure.
It is known for all gardeners such a method of moisturizing the soil on the site, as watering from the hose, which is connected to the water tap or drain crane from the tank. When using the hose, it is necessary to ensure that the water jet so that the soil does not blur and exposed the roots of the plants.
How to water the plants in the garden with the help of the hose? When watering vegetable crops, it is necessary to direct the hose on the aisle to ensure the rapid flow of water to the root system of plants. The hose should not be twisted on bends, then it will save elasticity for several years. The most durable are hoses with a nylon braid.
Many use for watering hoses equipped with holes done at different angles.
Such perforated hoses are stored across the irrigated area and for uniform moisturizing the soil constantly transfer them from place to place.
A rain installation can be connected to the hose. The spinner of the oscillatory type consists of a perforated tube, swinging from side to the side and distributing water along a rectangular or square bed. The sprinkler of the rotational type sprays water through one or more nozzles that make circular motions under water pressure. Rainers of both types are installed in parks, on lawns and country and household plots. At the same time, the uniformity of irrigation is determined by the amount of water falling into empty banks, placed around the perimeter or circumference of the site.
For the gradual distribution of water supplied to flower beds, greenhouses and plants in pots, long tubes with fine holes for drip irrigation are used.
The listed methods relate mainly to watering vegetable and decorative cultures.
In the technique of irrigation of the fruiting garden, there are some features. If the garden is big, the trees are watered along the furrows in the aisle.
At the same time, the distances between the furrows on the pulmonary soils should be 70-80 cm, on heavy (clay) - up to 1.5 m. The depth of furrow - 20-25 cm, width - 0.5 m.
But in the gardens in the country and household plots, as a rule, watering trees are traditionally carried out in the rustic circles, or rather, in the ditches, dug around their circumference. After watering, the circular ditches fall asleep the earth. It is impossible to water the trees in the deepening of the priority circle, divert in the form of a funnel. In this case, the water does not reach the terminal roots of the tree, and watering closer to the strain has no practical benefit.
For watering the garden very effectively use subsorative irrigation. For example, on each square meter of the area of \u200b\u200bthe priority circle, the soil brown is drilled by a well with a diameter of 10-12 cm and a depth of 50-60 cm, which is clogged with rubble, broken brick or coarse sand.
Trees are watered through such wells, liquid fertilizers are made through them. At the same time, a crust is formed on the surface, and all nutrients and precious moisture penetrate immediately into the deep layers of the soil. Such holes can quickly perform their functions.
A simpler plant irrigation method - penetration of wells for watering with a scrap, followed by falling asleep their land.
Often, gardeners watered trees with the help of a hose by throwing it into the rolling circle and doing other things. After a while, the hose is moved to a rolling circle of another tree, without taking into account the amount of water entered the roots of the first tree. And it is completely easy to determine the norm. You just need to know how many buckets are necessary for irrigating a tree and the time of filling one bucket from the hose. Then it will be possible to judge the amount of water entered the rolling circle.
Terms of watering for the garden also have their own peculiarity. The most optimal for fruit trees in the central regions of Russia is the following:
When choosing a source of economic and drinking water supply of a dacha or a manor house, local conditions should be taken into account that determine the choice of one or another water intake system. This requires calculation of water consumption standards, which depend not only on the level of improvement of the house, but also from the presence of a garden, garden, utility farm. It is necessary to take into account the considerable consumption of water for economic needs.
Very often, water into the centralized water supply is supplied according to a specific schedule. Therefore, it is recommended to have a guaranteed stock on the site. In most cases, when organizing a garden irrigation system, underground sources are preferred.
For watering water, it is sometimes possible to organize a special water supply with water supply through land pipes or special watercourses.
The garden and the garden can be easily water with rainwater, which should be collected and stored in open tanks installed in the locations of it from the roofs.
In places with shallow lounge groundwater It is satisfied with the shallow pads for one or more of the plots adjacent to each other.
In order for fruit and berry cultures in time and high-quality moisture, the gardener needs to know and apply several types of irrigation. Each of these species is suitable for a certain time of the year and plays a special role in the development of the plant and its protection against unfavorable conditions.
Summer Polish. (Watering in the summer, seasonal watering) is also called conventional, or vegetative, regular irrigation. It is carried out not only in the summer months, but during the entire active growing season (since the end of spring frosts before the beginning of the first autumn frosts). Trees and shrubs begin to need to irrigate immediately after the onset of warm sunny days, when their kidneys and flowers bloom, come to the shoots. But with a sufficient snow cover thickness in the first days of a warm period, irrigated sometimes does not need: Plants feed on moisture from melting snow.
Refreshing watering, or sprinkling, spend in hot weather. This type of irrigation is not allowed for all cultures. In especially hot hours, it should not be sprinkled. This type of irrigation increases the humidity of the air and slightly reduces its temperature. Spring is a fine watering, so it is necessary to use a sprayer, sprayer or a special nozzle on the hose, just watering plants on top of water flows.
Featuring watering - This is watering a special purpose, the method of introducing liquid fertilizers into the soil. But simultaneously with the preparation of nutrient elements with such watering, a tree or shrub takes and the moisture you need.
Waterproof (coded) watering is used in autumn. It is necessary to create moisture in the soil. In the fall, after the end of fruiting, trees and shrubs begin to actively develop their absorbing roots, accumulate nutrients in the tissues. Although the active suction area of \u200b\u200bthe roots can almost absent, for all listed processes, constant optimal moisture content is necessary. Summer layer of soil, in which the roots of plants are located, significantly dries, so before the start of preparation for the cold period of the year, this layer needs quality moisture. Roots of plants, by the period of fruiting beginners to experience the deficit of moisture, also need waterproof irrigation. In this case, the mechanical absorption of moisture begins to prevail (through the pores in the roots of roots), and not physiological (with the help of active absorbing roots).
After properly spent the autumn floors of the soil trees, it becomes more resistant to cooling, slowly gives it heat (i.e., after irrigations, its heat capacity increases). The plants themselves with their kidneys are better to reduce temperatures.
Waterproof irrigations begin with the second half of September and finish at the beginning of October. These watering should not depend on rains or missing during the specified period: even abundant shower cannot compensate for the lack of moisture in the root of the soil, so this type of irrigation must be carried out with any weather.
Soil with autumn watering the garden moisturizes on a sufficiently large depth (more than during summer irrigation). For each plant, there are recommendations for conducting waterproof irrigation, including the depth of soil misses and the depth of the ring groove for watering. The fact is that the soil should be moistened to a depth of 90-100 cm, and it is impossible to achieve this in conventional surface irrigation, so ring grooves are needed (the exception can only be sandy soils, even on light loams need grooves). W. different plants The root system is located on a different distance from the soil surface, therefore the depth of the grooves, for example, for apple and cherries, will not be the same. Grooves are digging around the trunk at a distance of 60-80 cm from each other.
How to water the trees in the garden in accordance with the norms? The irrigation rate is determined in liters for each tree, depending on its breed and age (fruitless or young). The norm can be reduced if, in the main vegetation period, seasonal watering was carried out regularly and abundantly. At the same time, the state of the soil first check the shovel. Unlike summer irrigation, the earth is missed not only to the depth of the placement of thin roots, but a little deeper (about 10 cm). After watering, the grooves fill (if necessary) fertilizer and storm with hoe.
Waterproofing watering of trees is carried out by uniform moisturizing the soil in the rolling collar, pouring water into specially done in the rich circle of the well or in a furrow, which is swam around the rolling circle. The main thing is that the soil is impregnated with water to a greater depth, to the root location zone.
At the same time, it should be careful: it is impossible to moisten the soil, i.e., water during the sprinkle should go in small quantities and through a very fine grid of the sprayer. It is also important to know that the most dangerous impact on the plants of night frosts (up to 5 am).
Anti-crossed irrigation (watering before frosts) is carried out in early spring and late autumn to protect the vegetative parts of plants from frosts. Fruit and berry cultures are especially affected by frost damage during flowering and formation of the margins: the harvest may not just decrease, but completely die.
Water has a large heat capacity, with a decrease in temperatures, it highlights heat, increasing the thermal conductivity of the soil after moistening the latter. In the spring, the messengers are less affected by the plants, if the soil under them is moistened to measure. In autumn, the danger decreases due to the heat supply associated with the heat capacity of water. Water for watering plants in front of frosts at low air temperatures (but not negative - in this case, watering contraindicated) is often warmer than soil and air, i.e. itself is a source of heat. In this case, the leaves can be completely wetted using a sprayer or spray nozzle on the hose. But this event is effective only in the absence of a threat of severe frosts. Anti-crossed watering with spruce is carried out at a temperature not colder -2 ... -7 ° C. Behind the temperature are observed at the level of the layout of flowers and kidney plants. Under negative temperatures, the sprinkled suggests on the leaves of the ice crust, under which the temperature does not fall below 0 ° C, due to which the vegetative parts of the plant are not freezed.
Water in front of frosts begin approximately two days before the onset of cold weather. For spontaneous, sprayers are used, as a rule, on automatic watering devices. The fact is that during the freezing, the sprinkle cannot be interrupted by more than 20-40 minutes, otherwise the air temperature can dramatically decrease, and the reverse (negative) effect will come from the procedure. Therefore, the sprinkle should be continuous, in extreme cases it can be carried out with breaks with a few minutes.
There are three methods of watering the garden: superficial, watering the method of sprinkling and subsorative irrigation.
Surface watering multiple, for garden plot Not all of them are suitable.
1. Surface watering by furrows. It is carried out as follows. In the aisles, the furrows are made of 20-30 cm wide with a small slope, in which water is supplied from the watering hose. At the end of watering after a while, the furrows close up.
2. Surface watering through the bowls. When applying this method, a hole in the form of a bowl is digging under the crown of fruit tree. The size of the bowl, i.e. its diameter depends on the age of the tree, landing density, but it should not be less projection of the crown of the tree itself. At the edges of the finished well, an earthen roller roller with a height of 20-25 cm. Bowls under neighboring trees are combined with a common groove. This groove serves water from a watering hose, and already in the groove water enters the wells.
When using watering by sprinkling moisture, not only in the soil, but also in the air. Water, falling into the soil through the air, is enriched with oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds. The difference between the watering system of sprinkling from the surface irrigation is that with surface irrigation, careful layout and leveling of the land plot are needed. This is due to the fact that water during irrigation does not move along the surface of the soil, thereby preventing its fertile layer.
Before watering the garden, the soil is necessarily frustrated, and if there is a need, fertilizers contribute. For such irrigation, special devices will be required - spinners. These devices can be fan, impulse or as a gun. They spray water into different heights and in different direction, and the height, direction and even the size of the drops can be adjusted. Devices are installed under the crowns of shrubs and fruit trees and is used for watering the surface layer.
Watering the garden, lawns and flower clump spend only in the evening when there is no bright sun. If you do this day, the leaves of the plants will receive burns, since the droplets of water act as collective lenses and focus the sun's rays.
There are several ways to irrigate the garden, the most popular of them are enclosed and drip.
Breaking irrigation. When using this method of irrigation, the system of pottery, asbetic or polyethylene pipes, through the holes of which water under pressure is supplied to the soil. Sometimes with such irrigation of the fruit garden, along with water to the roots of the plant, fertilizers are served.
The main disadvantage of this method is its high cost. Laying pipes around the plot is a very laborious thing, and should be carried out at the stage of planning a garden and construction. In addition, the quality of watering water often leaves much to be desired, so the pipes serve relatively shortly, quickly clogged and styled.
Drip irrigation. This is a kind of pine irrigation. This method is very convenient and easy to execute. Drip irrigation is carried out on the system of plastic pipes of a small diameter. Under one fruit tree or berry bush, there are 2-3 drops at a depth of 30-35 cm. The advantage of this type of irrigation is that the water consumption is several times, and it is possible to constantly maintain the necessary moisture content of the soil. In addition, fertilizers can be made together with water supply.
Rational watering of plants according to the rules includes several mandatory components.
1. Optimal temperature Watering water.
2. Watering method. Possible watering under the root and together with the leaves, as well as sprinkle (watering through the sprayer from above). Sprinkling can be not only superficial (with wetting of leaves and branches), but also in prikorev - in this case, only the soil in a rigous circle is wetted, but with the help of rainy nozzles, so that the soil is not working and washing the nutrients from it because of the large water pressure. For different plants, these types of watering in different ratios are required during different periods of the year.
3. Watering time. Usually, watering is carried out in the morning or in the evening. In the hot period of the day during the sprinkle, burns may appear on the leaves, and watering it is better to spend better at the very midst of the day.
4. The amount of water. The irrigation norms usually indicate either a unit area or one plant. For trees and large shrubs, the last option is more characteristic.
5. But there are also general rules of irrigationapplicable to all fruit-berry crops.
6. The humidity of the soil must be optimal. The overwhelmed soil is a serious problem, as well as soil drying, because it can reduce the stability of the plant to pests and diseases, worsen soil aeration. A lump of optimally moistened soil should shrink in hand without selection of water and without scattering. This indicator is suitable even for sandy soils.
7. From the mechanical composition of the soil depends the speed of absorption with soil moisture. Heavy loams are impregnated with water slower, so it is better to moisten the soil not too strong water pressure (for longer time), but using more of its number. Sand soils should be watered more often, since the moisture is not able to linger for a long time in such soils, and the soil dries faster. Observing this Rule Watering Rule, clay soils are pouring less frequently, so as not to cause the convergence, because moisture is able to "stand" enough.
8. Watering of rustic plants should be rare and abundant. Frequent watering "on a slightly" are more harmful than helpful. Watering is carried out, as a rule, to the depth of the occurrence of active (thin, absorbing) roots of the plant.
9. The average rate of one-time irrigation for the age of age is 3-5 years It is 50-80 liters per plant or more. The same indicator for the age of 7-10 years is 120-150 liters.
10. Fruit trees and shrubs We need more abundant irrigation, rather than young plants of the same species.
11. Any watering under the root (not only moisture profitable) can be carried out in annular grooves. After irrigation in the groove, if necessary, fertilizers are poured, fall asleep with their soil or mulching material.
12. Do not water trees and shrubs in the rolling funnel, Moreover, pour water on the root cervix. With this irrigation, the moisture will flow in excess to the main (rod) root and in a disadvantage - to the peripheral (active) roots. But it is the peripheral roots that are absorbing, i.e., absorbing the bulk of the beneficial substances and moisture for the plant. Therefore, the main place for irrigation is a circle, which is a projection of the crown to the surface of the Earth, as well as the soil near this circle. In general, watering in the rolling circle should be uniform, without "dry" places.
13. Unusual, but effective watering method - With the help of a 10-12 cm diameter of 10-12 cm in advance and necessary for watering a certain culture of depth. The wells are done by the brown and fill in pebbles, rubble, brick fighting or large sand. On m2 of the area of \u200b\u200bthe priority circle, one well is arranged.
14. In the usual watering with the hose It is difficult to determine the volume of water that fell into the soil. It is possible before the start of such irrigation, turning on the water to a certain pressure, to calculate, for what time the water with such pressure will fill the container, for example, with a volume of 10 liters. Then, by simple calculations, it is easy to find out how long it will be necessary for watering a particular plant in this way.
15. Seasonal watering is necessary, as a rule, in the following periods of vegetation of trees and shrubs: in front of the spring blown of the kidneys; 2-3 weeks after the end of flowering; 2-3 weeks before harvest. The rest of the time, watering is carried out as necessary and for special purposes (moisture-proof, anti-frozen, refreshing, helpful).
16. Tree or shrubs Usually determine approximately by the diameter of the crown (a little wider projection of the crown on the surface of the Earth). This indicator is useful to know to calculate irrigation.
17. If during watering a young church or shrub Surface roots were exposed, they should be filled with damp soil immediately.
To understand whether it is necessary to irrigate this or another plant, it is necessary to estimate the state of the soil next to it. Its humidity should be determined not by the upper layer, which is most often dry (this is due to the fact that from the soil surface, most of the moisture is lost during evaporation). Attention should be paid to the active layer of soil, where the root plant of the plant is located. If we talk about fruit trees, such as an apple tree, a pear, this layer is at a depth of 90-120 cm, in cherry, plums and apricots - at a depth of 80 cm, in berry crops - 50 cm.
To estimate the moisture content of the soil along the periphery of the crown of the plant dig a small well depth to 1 m, from the walls of the holes take the soil lumps and squeeze in the hand. If the lump is formed and is not divided when dropping from a height of 1.5 m, it means that the soil moisture is about 70%. If the earth lumps crumbles, it means that the soil needs watering.
The optimal level of soil humidity is considered to be 75-80%. In order to keep moisture in the soil as long as possible, after irrigation, it looser and make a peat or overwhelming sawdust.
And a few more advice, how to water the garden to provide abundant flowering and good yield.
First Polish. We need plants in the spring when the kidneys did not dismiss. During this period, the phase of its active growth begins, and it really needs moisture.
The second polyv It should be carried out approximately 15-20 days after the end of the vegetation period of trees and shrubs, since it is at this time that there is an increase in barring, and if the soil is too dry, the falling can happen only to the fruit.
Third watering spend 15-20 days before the removal of fruits from trees and shrubs.
If the third watering is carried out immediately before harvesting, it can lead to the falling and cracking of fruits.
And the last watering is carried out in late autumn, when an active leaffall begins. It is also called moisture profitable.
Early varieties of apple and pear trees require less water than the late.
If we carry out excessive watering of pear trees, they may suffer from excess moisture.
Konefront rocks of fruit trees (apricot, cherry, plum) should be watering less frequently than seed (apple tree, pear).
Expecting a rich harvest from certain trees or shrubs, watering exactly these trees or shrubs special attention should be paid. They will need more water than trees with less yields or those resting from fruiting.
Rain watering helps save trees with blurred kidneys from frosts that often happen in spring. Swuffled kidneys and floral buds - the most vulnerable parts fruit-berry treesAnd they need to be protected from the impact of lower and negative temperatures to preserve the crop.
Young fruit trees need to water less than adults. This is especially true of the second half of summer, since excessive moisture provokes additional growth of shoots that will be freezed during the winter.
In addition to the use of fertilizers and accumulating in the soil of the garden of salts, which harms the growth of most plants, carrying watering irrigation. A large amount of water is flushed with salt dissolved in it to a large depth, cleaning the soil layer in which the bulk of the roots is located. For flushing irrigation for every 10 m2, the soils are consumed in 2000-8000 liters of water. The need for it may occur if the plants have been used for pasting for a long time in large quantities of mineral fertilizers, natural organic fertilizers (Compost, manure, peat) do not cause such an effect, although they also need to be dosed.
Iris (Iris) is a huge genus, uniting a wide variety of plants that have a "iris" type of flower. At the same time, the biology of these plants is so diverse that it is difficult to suspect close relatives in them.
Of course, every amateur of plants saw - familiar flowers, often grown in the gardens and decorating cities.
In this article, I would like to introduce flower water with much less frequent groups of Iris - Juno, IRIDODIKTYUM, REGELIO-CYCLUS. These species are distinguished by their biology from rhizable irises.
These are spring-driving plants, many representatives of which bloom exclusively early.
And since they are mountainous plants, then well-drained soil is the main condition for their successful cultivation.
Junon (Juno) - A group of spring-working irises with a very peculiar biology. Junon is wonderful a form of flowers, in which the top shares of the perianth are reduced and reacted down.
The overwhelming majority of Junon grows in Central Asia, rising from the foothills to the Tien Shan glaciers.
Many of the Junon were described by the Pioneers-researchers of flora of these places for hundreds of years ago. However, until now, the opening in this reserve Yongon is possible (and happen).
A peculiar exotic beauty of Junon immediately attracted the attention of plant lovers. Attempts by cultivation did not stop since their opening never. Nevertheless, most of the Junon did not become common garden plants. However, several species are grown by nurseries constantly and can be attributed to plants that grow well in temperate climates.
Junon hybridization was launched by the famous flower Tomas Hogue, which created three hybrids at the end of the 19th century. On this selection and stopped, although there is opportunities for its continuation.
Yong's cultivation is akin to collecting jewels - they are fond of experienced flowerflowersnot indifferent to these plants.
Now there is a revival of interest in junctions due to impressive finds made during the Central Asian expeditions (sponsored by the Gothenburg Botanical Garden).
Juno bulbs have perennial roots - in their foundation there are kidneys, giving life to replacement bulbs.
With all operations with junctions, you must try not to form their roots.
In horticulture, the following types and forms of Junon are found:
- Iris (Juno) Aucheri -rod from Yu.V. Turkey. Beautiful view, long and successfully grown in Europe, but somewhat demanding to heat. Therefore, years happen when it may not bloom in the open soil.
In the photo: Iris Aucheri Blue Star; Iris Aucheri Purple Star; Iris bucharica.
- Iris (Juno) BUCHARICA HORT. - Poistered it is unknown. Cultivated for a very long time. The natural forms are distinguished by two-color painting flowers. One of the most unpretentious representatives of Junon, well multiplying vegetative and successfully growing even without an annual digital.
- Iris (Juno) Cycloglossa - This species found relatively recently (in 1972) in Afghanistan. The very peculiar one of all Juno, in Lithuania it grows well. It has a branching leafless bloomon. Almost flat flower with very large shares of fill. It is breeding vegetative, usually giving 2 subsidiaries.
- Iris (Juno) Graberiana -the origin of the species is unknown. Two forms are cultivated, in which the structure and painting of flowers are somewhat different. More often there is a shape with a white spot on the fifters of the lower flower petals. A rare shape - with a yellow spot on the fibs. Testing seeds from both varieties I did not observe. Perhaps these are interspecific natural hybrids. They are some of the few tall Juno, well-growing in our open ground. Every year and abundantly bloom.
- Iris (Juno) New Argument -hybrid derived by me. His name variety did not accidentally. His appearance confirmed the assumption that the famous hybrid Wang Tubegen Iris Warlsind, most likely, the result of accidental pollination I. Warleyensis Pollen I. Bucharica Hort, and not I. Aucheri (as previously thought). The hybrid is sterile, grows perfectly and breeds.
In the photo: Iris HYB. New argument; Iris Magnifica Alba.
- Iris (Juno) Magnifica Auva -the white-color form of the species of J. Magnifica is an endemic of Zeravshan Mountains. The tallest of all Juno, in good conditions Reaching almost meter height. Flowers are large, 7 - 9 pcs., Bloom consistently. The bulb has numerous thick rhizomes that make a digging of difficult work (however, it is not possible to dig it annually). This variety is one of the few, which perfectly feels in the garden and relatively undemanding. As a rule, the Mother Lukovitsa gives every year two subsidiaries. Well tying seeds, but seedlings do not always repeat the painting of parents and can have flowers with a bluish tint.
- Iris (Juno) Blue Mystery - Received as a seedman I. Willmottena. However, the plants were unusually large for this species and sterile, which clearly indicated their hybrid origin. According to them appearance It can be assumed that the parent couple was: I. Willmottiana and I. Magnifica. Yet it is nothing more than an assumption, so the hybrid and called the Blue Mystery. Beautiful junoon, growing perfectly and breeding in our climate.
- Iris (Juno) Kuschakewiczii -this is the case when miniature does not diminish the merits. A real small diamond section of the genus of the North-Western Tian-Shan Toggers. The plant is rare in culture and not easy. Of course, it will "disappear" in planting tall species, but on and in - irresistible.
- Iris (Juno) Nicolai -the view is widespread in the mountains of Tien Shan. The earliest of Juno. Flowers after melting of snow almost without leaves, they appear later. A great impression produces its large flower of frosted shape, growing directly from someone else-covered soil. Plants from different types of species differ in coloring flowers. The view is not enough frostons for our climate, Juno landing must necessarily warm the peat.
- Iris (Juno) Orchioides -it has a wide range in the mountains of Central Asia. Plants from different areas differ from the height and painting flowers. Pretty high shape with bright yellow flowers Obtained me from the Alma-Ata Botanical Garden. Good grows in the open soil. Heat-loving; It is better blooming if the preceding summer was warm.
- Iris (Juno) Sindpers - Famous hybrid van tubgen. The plant is low, but its flowers are huge, beautiful shape and very fragrant. The thermal-loving, does not like cool rainy summer, should be planted in a sunny place. If you have the opportunity to grow a plant in a cold greenhouse, then you will fully enjoy its enchanting blossom.
- Iris (Juno) Shocking Blue - Selected from Seedlings I. Willmotteana. The flowers are similar to the Blue Mystery grade, but their color is more saturated. Sterile.
- Iris (Juno) Vicaria - The view is widespread in the mountains of Central Asia. Flowers are predominantly light, almost white color. Rarely meet populations with more or less violet petals. Unpretentious, grows well and breed.
- Iris (Juno) Warleyensis "One of the most beautiful Junon growing in the Western Song of Tien Shan (Zeravshansky Ridge, Cugitang Ridge)." Plants from different natural populations differ in the height of the stem from 15 to 40 cm. It grows well in the open soil. However, abundant flowering is difficult to achieve, especially if the previous summer was cold. Good results are obtained if the bulbs do not dig up, but after the vegetation is completed, it is covered with a glass of rain with glass or other transparent material. You can also put the bulbs in dry sand and warm them in a greenhouse. The view was used by Van Tubgen when creating a hybrid Warlsind. Despite the multiple introduction, the culture is still rare.
- Iris (Juno) Warlsind - The tallest hybrid van tubgen, as I. Warleyensis and I. bucharica Hort is now recognized. It grows perfectly in our climate, it blooms annually, it develops well and breed vegetatively.
Iridodictyum (Iridodictyum)- a group of elegant bulbous irises blooming early spring. Interesting faceted hollow leaves of iridodics growing vertically. The leaves at the plant can be exactly as much as the bulbs subsequently formed. In the structure of the leaves, only a few species (Central Asian), which have groove leaves are exception.
In the photo: Iris Reticulata (Iris Reticulata)
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Pretty rare frames of a water sparrow - Osoapki made an employee of the Kohlovdinsky reserve Igor Mavrin, working on Cordon Buquun. And these photos are unique in that this bird is a rare guest in our territories.
Dipper , or random Olyatka (Cinclus Cinclus.) - Bird sparrows detachment. It is also called water Drozd.or water Sparrow. Bird of small size, plumageit has dark-brown, thick. It lives on the shores of rapid transparent rivers and streams.
It is powered by water insects and raffs, which Olenyka collects on shallow water, between stones and under water. The main feature is the ability to swim well and dive even in cold water. Rising wings, deftly maneuvering in the flow of water, the bird is "running" along the bottom. Under the water, Olenyap can stay up to 50 seconds, running during this time up to 20 meters. She is very careful and sensitive bird.
"Recently Ya i met the bird rare for our places - Olenupka. About rarity it says the fact that for 28 years, that I live in the badykal, saw her for the second time"Commented on the author of unique pictures, Igor Mavrin, and most importantly, I managed to make some photos of this feathery."
It is very interesting about this amazing bird wrote at one time Ivan Sergeevich Sokolov - Mikitov Russian writer - traveler: "You need to be a skillful observer of nature to see the wonderful bird, Osolyapka. If you have to visit deserted forests or mountain places, look at and listen to good. On a clean and fast creek or river, perhaps you will be lucky enough to see Oãoapka! "
Drought - a long period with an insufficient amount of precipitation, which is most dangerous for plants at high temperatures and low air humidity. It is necessary to help plants survive into this difficult time, otherwise, due to the lack of moisture, their development stops.
The first sign of dehydration at the plant - lost the vehicle, sluggish leaves and buds. If we do not fill the water loss plant at this stage, then its leaves and buds are then started to shrink, dry and fall; Soon the process will spread to the entire aboveground part of the plant. While the root receives at least a small amount of moisture from the ground, the plant in most cases can still be reanimated. Drying the root system means the death of the plant.
It may seem ridiculous that living in the UK can be complained to a long lack of precipitation, because the old woman-Britain is known for its rainy climate. However, the southeast of England, where we live, is probably the most "dry" place in the country - drought here happen quite often. In winter 2004-2006 There was a lack of rain, which broke all records since 1933!
According to information BBC WeatherFrom November 2004, we had only 72% of the average precipitation. By the beginning of July 2006, about three weeks stood drought: actually the complete lack of rains at the air temperature above 30 degrees Day and 15-17 at night. Before the end, it will be possible to evaluate the damage from drought next year, if it affects the flowering of azaleas and rhododendrons, which at this time laid the buds of next year.
The arid beginning of the 2006 season inspired the designers of the Competition Gardens of Chelsea-2006 on the subject associated with droughts. Interesting element B. African garden (GardenAfrica.): The beds are located on a spiral under a slope. When watering water flows from top to bottom down, and collected in the center of the spiral, where the most moisture-boring plants are located
Of course, the negative impact of drought on the plants as a whole is determined by several factors: the durability of drought, air temperature and wind power during this period, the possibility of accessing water and the presence of the necessary human resource. However, if you keep in mind the possibility of drought still during strategic planning of the garden and landing, you can initially take measures to help plants survive in drought, and work and time will save the hosts for the owners.
> Try to sow and plant new plants in spring or autumn, when a sufficient amount of rains falls out, and plants are easily rooted and coming up. On the other hand, it should be remembered that in general plants in containers are more vulnerable to drought than plants in the open ground. Therefore, if a new plant from the Garden Center may somehow need a transplant to the garden, I would transfer it in the summer in the heat, be sure to provide regular abundant watering and direct sunlight protection at first.
\u003e When planting and transplanting plants, dig a deeper hole in the soil and be sure to add sheet humus or garden compost into it, which improve the structure and composition of the soil, allow moisture to freely penetrate the roots and delay it there for a long time.
> Use special moisture reducing granules or gel, which are copiously drinking with water during irrigation, and then gradually give this water to the roots. These funds should be mixed with land when planting or transplanting plants. They are especially important for plants in containers.
> Be sure to use a mulch on flower curbs, around shrubs and trees, as well as on the surface of pots and baskets with plants. Fold the mulch in the spring - after warm weather is established, and the earth warms up and will be saturated with moisture. As a mulching materials, it is possible to use chopped wood bark, sawdust, chips, chew, gravel, the same garden compost or special synthetic garden material. The selection of mulch depends on the type of plant (for example, bark, sawdust and needles, acidify the soil, so they are well layered under hydrangeas, rhododendons, camellias, heers and other acytophiles). Mulching plants allows moisture to penetrate into the soil during rains or irrigation, but it makes it difficult to evaporate, and also suppresses the growth of weeds.
> Delete weeds in a timely manner, which will be toughly compete with the "cultural" plants during drought. Weeds easier to delete when they are just shown from under the ground.
> Soot adjacent plants closely, leaving only the space between them necessary for the development of roots. Fixed close leaves of plants reduce moisture evaporation and soil drying
>
If you, like me, live in the region with frequent droughts, then consider this when placing plants in the sun and shadow zones of the garden. Give preference to drought-resistant plants. Often such plants have silver foliage, chevy or thick leaves. Decorative drought-resistant plants include: purple, wormwood, syngue, lavender, Santolina, Lanenik, Mac, Mokha, Yarrow, Iris, Echinacea, Akantus, Bergia, etc.
It does not need watering, for example, meadow flowers, succulents and decorative herbs, aromatic plants, pumpkin, corn.
Ideal time for regular, planned irons - a windless late evening, when the heat slept, ahead is a cool night, and the evaporation of moisture is minimal. Suppose to watering and early in the morning, before the onset of heat. However, if on a hot day, the plant looks dehydrated, then it should be poured immediately, not allowing water from entering the leaves to avoid the occurrence of sunburn.
If you use an automatic watering system, do not forget to reinstall the timer in accordance with the changed weather conditions - then the plants will receive a greater amount of moisture necessary for them in the arid period.
In hot weather, plants in containers should be watered twice a day: early in the morning and late in the evening. Place the pots on deep pallets or in Cachebo, which can delay at least a little water. If you do not have the ability to provide regular watering by container plants, it is better to rearrange them into the shadow.
Plants in greenhouses and greenhouses may suffer from overheating during the heat, because the temperature in a closed room is raised much higher than in the open space. Do not forget to open the doors and greenhouse windows through hot days and use fans (if any).
Use sprinklers for daily watering of young crops of grass or freshly founded rod. Put an open glass judge in the area of \u200b\u200bthe sprayer and finish irrigate when water is dropped to the level of 13 mm (fewer does not cause benefits, and more wasting it).
Due to the lack of rains and the dangerous low level of reserves of drinking water, during drought we have introduced an official ban on watering private gardens. water water From hoses. Theoretically, at this stage we have no restrictions in the use of tap water for watering (though, they may arise later if the drought continues, and the water reserves - to disappear, then more tightened rules come into force). However, in practice, the need to use the watering can instead of the hose alone imposes these restrictions, because the costs of time and forces for watering the garden increase many times. Then you have to do a very hard choice: which plants you need to pour today, otherwise they can almost completely dehydrated.
If you have similar or some other restrictions, and it is not possible to water well, it does not work efficiently, you can use several simple methods that I use to save water, work and time:
> Before watering plants, determine your priorities and follow them clearly. Watering is vital to the seedlings, just planted in open soil with young plants, plants in containers (especially in small), plants in greenhouses, fresh crops of grass, which has just been laid by the rolls of rods and moisthed plants (for example, coastal or swamp). These plants will die without water.
In second place there may be plants that will not bloom with a lack of water, or fruit cultures that will not be able to successfully be fruitless without irrigation (or any other plants, depending on your goals).
Watering more needed plants on light, sandy soils that breathe faster heavy, clay.
> Abundant I. rare watering Preferably stingy and frequent. The fact is that a small amount of water penetrates only in the upper layer of the soil, contributing to the development of weak, highly located roots, which suffer from the first of the drying of the soil or frost. For the development of a strong and deep root system, which can support a plant in harsh weather conditionsIt is required that water penetrates deep into the soil around the plant. The correct depth of soil moisturizing when watering is about 60 cm.
> If you plan to purchase and use a watering system in the garden, then invest in modern drip or inkjet (instead of the traditional splashing system). Water delivered by such systems appears at the right time (late evening or even when you are not at home) Thanks to the timer on the tap, it falls precisely to the appointment to the roots of plants and absorbs to the last drop, without spending on watering the neighboring weeds.
> Before watering, breaking the soil around the plant and make a small well so that the plant turns out to be in the middle of the deepening. All water after irrigation remains in this well and as the plant roots will fall into roots, and it does not grow by drying soil. In the fall, with the arrival of rains, you can dip a plant, comparable to a hole with the level of the ground surface to eliminate the stagnation of water from the roots. Other time, try, if possible, do not disturb the soil during the drought period: any loosening contributes to the additional evaporation of moisture from the soil.
> Remove the shower nozzle from the waters (or hose) and water the plant under the very root - then all the water falls as prescribed, and not spread around the plant.
> For watering plants in containers, I use a large wide capacity, filled with water, into one in turn I put pots and hanging baskets for a while. Thus, all the soil in the container flows through, and the plants receive a large amount of moisture. It is also an excellent way of urgent resuscitation of already affected plants with a dry earthen room, for which ordinary watering is completely useless. This method of moisturizing is not harmful even in the most sultry hours, because water does not fall into the leaves of plants.
From time to time, water from the tank can be poured under some shrub, because it accumulated a significant amount of useful substances from the soil of container plants.
> Find the opportunity to use the so-called "secondary" water (remaining after washing, cleaning, washing dishes or soul) for watering ornamental plants, trees and shrubs. To do this, you may need to change the drain system of your home. In secondary water, together with the remnants of household detergents, there are many phosphates that your plants will be repaired as a good fertilizer.
Remember that water from the dishwasher and washing machine before watering plants should be cooled to room temperature. It is advisable to use not harmful to the environment, decaying under the action of microorganisms detergents. Cannot be used for watering plants water with remnants of chlorks, bleaching, disinfection drugs and other strong chemicals.
> Purchase and install special rainwater barrels in the garden. Such barrels are directly connected to the pipe into which water falls from the grooves located around the perimeter of the roof of the house or greenhouse. The barrels are installed on the elevation so that the watering can be substituted under the opening crane (or attach the hose to it). You will be able to use water accumulated in barrels for watering plants as needed.
Lavender English (England)
Country Life (CountrySideliving.net)
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Among other species in your collection, you will definitely ask what kind of variety it applies and find information on the features of home care - including that how to pour it right New "Green Pet".
Below you will find practical recommendations that will help you correct the majority of popular types of home plants. We will look at issues as a choice of dishes for watering flowers, which water watering flowers, frequency of irrigation, signs of lack of moisture, watering methods, how to water orchids and other indoor plants during your vacation.
♦ Dishes for watering room colors:
Like with a long nose. Practical inventory - long spout can be easily directed through a thick crown, under the bottom leaves or right under the root outlet, so as not to drop the water on the delicate leaves of the flower. Very convenient inventory for watering plants in phytosten or in phytomoduls (vertical landscaping);
flask. Special device with an elongated tip and spherical container-container for water. Such an inventory is great to help you retrieve when you need to leave for a long time. It is enough to fill the tank with water and stick the splash splas in the soil, which will gradually be saturated with moisture as drying;
Spraying pulverizer (sprayer).
With the help of spraying with water from the spray, you can provide additional flow of moisture through the tops of the plant. This method will help you preserve the decorative quality of the plant in the summer heat or during the heating season, when the level of humidity in the room is very low;
Pallet with water. An excellent way to extract soil in a pot, if the room is too dry air. It is desirable to put a flower pot right into the water, but on a wet clay or pebble in the pallet.
♦ Water for watering room colors:
Rain, river, pond water.
Some flowerflowers prefer to water the bedroom plants with melt and rainwater. Flowers react well to watering with soft water from natural natural sources. But it is necessary to disinfect water, add several pieces of charcoal;
tap water.
Most of the inhabitants of megacols watered their flowers with water from under the tap. But it is important to remember that chlorinated tap water with low-soluble calcium salts is very tough. Be sure to defend this water for at least 24 hours (and better - a few days) before watering colors, and the remnants from the bottom pour out. Water the plants with water room temperature or slightly warm.
- In the photo: signs of lack and overalling water
♦ Roofing frequency:
❂ Most indoor plants love regular and uniform watering so that the substrate is in moderately wet state. If the period of abundant soil moisturizing is sharply replaced by a period of insufficient moistening, the flower begins to stick and may die;
❂ In the winter period, many indoor plants slow down the processes of growth and development (or stop at all). The need for water with dissolved nutrients is significantly reduced and water should be watered much less often (or not to water at all). And in the spring-summer period, with an increase in the duration of solar illumination and increasing temperature, the irrigation frequency increases to 1-3 times a week;
❂ Plants with large and wide leaves are watered more often (Ficus Benjamin and Rubbone, Anthurium Andre, Spathifulum, Home Begonia, Gloxinia Sinningia, Gardenia Jasmine, Gerbera, Balzamin, Sheffler, Diffenbahia). The bulbous species should be watered moderately and less often, as the overvailing can lead to the rotation of the root system (Hippeastrum, Clivia, Amarillis, Calla Zanyadesquia, Oxalis, Hyacinths, Euharicis Amazonian Lily). Most species of potted orchids (phalaenopsis, dendrobium nobile) are watered no more than once a week in winter and no more than two times a week in summer. there is room specieswhich are easily transferred long breaks between watering (succulent species - a thickness of money tree, aloe vera or amender, a threshold triangular, Sygocactus Decembrist, as well as species such as Kalanchoe Blossfeld, chlorophytum, "Techin language" or Sansevieriya);
❂ Ceramic (clay) pots have a good porous structure, circulation and evaporation of moisture occurs more actively. But plastic pots are well delayed water in the substrate. Therefore, water the flower placed in a ceramic pot is necessary more often than in plastic.
In the photo: rare, moderate and abundant watering
♦ Watering methods of indoor plants:
❀ Upper watering. For watering the flower on top it is desirable to use a special dishes with a long nose (watering can, flask). It is advisable to guide the spout closer to the stalk so that the water does not fall on the leaves. If the plant has a developed sheet socket, try to direct the water stream under it so that the water is not stored. Water the plant evenly, in small portions so that the water is not stood on the upper layer of the soil. Whole dragging in the pallet water. This is a versatile way of watering room species. The disadvantage of this method - the useful substances of the substrate are quickly washed. Therefore, do not forget to feed plants on time.
❀ Lower watering. Some types of decorative-deciduous plants lose their attractiveness if water drops fall on the leaves (yellowish or black spots appear, the sheet plate is deformed). Therefore, water for watering is filled with pallet. Within 30-40 minutes, the substrate is moistened to the upper layer and all extra water from the pallet must be merged. The disadvantage of this method - mineral salts are not washed out on the contrary - delay in the soil for a long time. If a lime crust appears on the surface of the soil, then carefully remove it along with the top layer, adding a fresh substrate.
❀ Immersion Pot into the water. Very good humidification method, allowing the soil to be completely soaked with water. Lower the pot with a flower in the water capacity so that the water does not register into the substrate through the edges of the pot. Water quickly impresses all the layers of the substrate through drainage holes. Then place the pot on the lattice so that all excess water flows down. It is not desirable to use this method of moisturizing during the flowering period of the plant, when moving the pot can cause the extinguishing of buds and petals.
- Tables with factors affecting the abundance and frequency of irrigation
♦ Watering indoor plants during the holidays:
√ Vacation up to two weeks.
The soil is abundantly moisturizing the immersion method of each pot into the water;
☛ Less frequent plants with small fleshy leaves, which are in the period of rest in a cool room with high humidity, grown in plastic or glassware;
☛ If the water from the tap contains too much lime, it is desirable to skip it through a special filter to use soft water to watering;
☛ Never use cold water for watering, as this can lead to gradual die in the peripheral roots, the appearance of viral and fungal diseases;
☛ The most ideal time for the polishes of most indoor species is an early morning (with sunrise);
☛ In hot summer days and during heating it is necessary to spray plants from the spray gun. Near the plants, you can put a water container for additional humidification.
♦ How to water orchid at home:
❶ Water orchids can only be warm with soft water. Rare collectible and whimsical room types of orchids are desirable to water diluted with distilled water. The resistant water of medium hardness stirred with distilled water in proportion 1: 1. And too hard water stirred with a 1: 2 distilled in proportion;
❷ If orchid without boulevards, then water it after the substrate is completely dry, and the lower leaves begin to lose the tour and shrink. If orchid with bulbs, then water the flower after the bouches begin to shrore a little;
❸ During flowering, most popular home species (phalaenopsis, dendrobium nobile) watered very moderately 2-3 times a week. Watch the water in a pot around the roots, water has never been caught and flowed out freely from drainage holes;
❹ the best way Watering orchids in the summer period - soaking the pot in warm watering water 10-15 minutes. Be sure to make the water completely left the holes at the bottom of the pot after soaking;
❺ How often watered orchid at home. Full soil drying is much safer for the root system than overflow. Most species can be watered with a frequency that is determined as follows: as soon as a completely dry substrate, the next day you can moderately pour a flower. But do not forget that the frequency of irrigation also depends on the following factors: the type of orchid, the growing season or the period of rest, humidity and temperature in the room, the composition of the soil, the pot (volume, from which material is).
♦ Video:
How to moisturize the soil in the pot (on the example of room begonia):
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