In the summer, there is a high probability of getting a tick bite. This topic must be treated extremely scrupulously. Today, tick bites are common in humans. This combination of circumstances can lead to serious consequences and even a threat to life. Going to a picnic in the forest, you must follow some rules of conduct there. If a tick is found, send it for examination. These and many other questions will be discussed below.
A84 Tick-borne viral encephalitis
A69.2 Lyme disease
Infection occurs directly through the bite of an arthropod. It is the tick that is the carrier of many dangerous diseases for humans. There have been cases when the infection occurred through the gastrointestinal tract. No, you don't need to eat a tick for this. But cases of tick ingestion, thus, in the body were recorded, but only in animals. It is enough for a person to simply consume the milk of an animal that is infected. The incubation period in humans, after a tick bite, can last up to 30 days. In some cases, it is delayed for 2 months.
Most often, the first symptoms begin to manifest themselves 7-24 days after the bite. There were cases when a sharp deterioration in the condition was observed after 2 months. Therefore, the state of health must be monitored. The incubation period is completely dependent on the blood-brain barrier. The weaker it is, the faster the disease will manifest itself, if any. You need to pay attention to all the strange symptoms, including an ordinary headache. This will allow you to quickly identify the disease and eliminate it.
If the bite was made by an infected tick, then the person has a risk of getting serious diseases. One of them is tick-borne encephalitis. With its rapid development, it leads to damage to the nervous system and can lead to brain inflammation. Disability and death are not excluded. The main symptoms after a tick bite begin to pester a person after a week.
Symptoms after a bite are very similar to the onset of an acute respiratory illness. A person feels general malaise, body temperature rises, body aches appear. All this may indicate the presence of an infection in the body. A slightly different symptomatology is observed with a disease with borreliosis. The whole danger lies in the fact that there may not be any signs for up to six months. Then the bite site begins to turn red and all of the above symptoms appear.
Vomiting, migraine, chills can act as auxiliary symptoms. The human condition is deteriorating sharply. On the fourth day after the onset of the onset of the disease, sluggish paralysis may develop. Sometimes it affects the larynx and pharynx, which makes it difficult for a person to swallow. There were cases when the reaction was so strong that there were disturbances in the work of the respiratory system and heart. Epileptic seizures are possible.
The attachment of a tick to the human body occurs through an organ - a hypostome. It is an unpaired outgrowth capable of performing the functions of the sense organs. With the help of it, the tick is attached and sucks blood. Most often, a tick bite in humans is observed in places with delicate skin, and looks like a red speck, with a dark dot in the middle. You need to look for it on the stomach, lower back, groin, armpits, chest and ears.
Allergic reactions may occur at the site of suction. After all, flared saliva and microtrauma negatively affect the human skin. Suction is painless, so the person does not feel it. The bite site is reddened and round.
The bite of a tick, a carrier of the disease of borreliosis, looks more pronounced. It is characterized by the appearance of a specific spotted erythema. The speck can change size and reach up to 10-20 cm in diameter. In some cases, all 60 cm were recorded. The spot has a rounded shape, sometimes it takes the form of an irregular oval. Over time, an elevated outer border begins to form, it acquires a bright red hue. In the center of the speck, the skin becomes cyanotic or whitish. The stain is somewhat reminiscent of a bagel. A crust and scar is gradually formed. After a couple of weeks, the scar disappears on its own.
It is necessary to understand that a small tick bite can lead to serious health problems. So, encephalitis can cause paralysis of the limbs and lead to death. You shouldn't panic ahead of time. You should be able to distinguish between symptoms and, if they appear, immediately consult a doctor. The likelihood of a favorable outcome is high if the person showed signs of an encephalitis tick bite at an early stage.
Chills appear first. A person thinks that he is getting ARVI or flu. Therefore, he begins treatment according to his own standard scheme, but it does not help. An increase in temperature is added to the chill, sometimes its indicator is 40 degrees. At the next stage, headache and nausea appear, sometimes all this is complemented by vomiting. The person is still convinced that this is the flu. Severe headaches are replaced by body aches. Breathing gradually begins to become difficult, the person is not able to move normally. His face and skin blush rapidly. This indicates that the virus has begun its pernicious activity. After that, irreversible processes begin in the body. Paralysis or death is possible.
A tick bite is safe, but only if the tick was not a carrier of any disease. The whole danger lies in the fact that most diseases manifest themselves over time. The person forgets about the bites and continues to live as before. In the meantime, the disease begins to actively progress, all this is accompanied by certain symptoms. Therefore, it is worth noting that after a tick bite, a person can develop the following diseases: tick-borne encephalitis, borreliosis, tick-borne acarodermatitis and dermatobiasis. The first two diseases are especially dangerous.
This is a dangerous infection that can enter the body after a tick bite. You can cure it with effective treatment... If you do not start it, the person will die. The cause of ehrlichiosis is bacteria, which are transmitted by a tick bite into the body. The likelihood of getting such a disease increases if a person is often in areas where ticks are spread. It is worth noting that a person can develop ehrlichiosis from a tick bite. However, not all ticks are carriers of the disease.
, , , , , , ,
The causative agents of Lyme disease are spirochetes of the genus Borrelia. The phenomenon is widespread on all continents, so it is not so easy to avoid infection. A person who has Lyme disease is not dangerous to others. Bacteria, along with saliva, enter the skin of a person, after a few days they begin to actively multiply. The danger is that from a tick bite a person can develop borreliosis, with further damage to the heart, joints and brain. The bacteria can live in the human body for years and gradually lead to chronic form diseases.
The incubation period is 30 days. On average, symptoms begin to manifest themselves after 2 weeks. In almost 70% of cases, this is redness of the skin, the so-called erythema. The red spot can vary in size and change. Ultimately, the bite will become crusty, and the skin may remain pale or cyanotic. A red hill appears around the lesion site, all this visually resembles a donut. After a couple of weeks, everything disappears. But the danger has not passed, after a month and a half the nervous system and heart may be damaged.
, , , ,
Tick-borne encephalitis is a natural focal infection that in most cases affects the human nervous system. This can lead to disability and even death. Infection occurs from a tick bite, which can provoke tick-borne encephalitis. People who like to spend a lot of time in nature are subject to this influence. They need to be extra careful and constantly examine their bodies for ticks.
The first signs after a bite can manifest themselves after a week. Sometimes it takes a whole month. The first step is chills, accompanied by an increase in body temperature and a fever. The person sweats intensely, he is pestered by a severe headache and body aches. If symptoms do not manifest themselves for a long time, even mild muscle weakness can serve as a cause for panic.
It is necessary to seek help with a sharp increase in body temperature, severe head pain, sleep disturbance. Often, the disease can cause hallucinations and seizures. All these symptoms should be the reason for going to the hospital.
A tick bite can cause a number of diseases. Naturally, if you do not pay attention to this, serious consequences are possible. So, most often from a tick bite, a person can develop irreparable consequences. They arise due to untimely treatment of encephalitis, borreliosis, acarodermatitis and dermatobiasis.
, , ,
After a tick bite, various complications can develop. First of all, the central nervous system suffers. Development of epilepsy, headaches, paralysis is possible. The cardiovascular system also lends itself to particular influence. The appearance of arrhythmia, constant surges is possible blood pressure... The lungs also suffer, pneumonia can develop and, as a result, pulmonary bleeding from this. The kidneys and liver are negatively affected. In this case, after a tick bite, a person develops complications in the form of nephritis and digestive disorders.
Encephalitis is especially dangerous. At best, everything will end up with chronic weakness. The body is able to renew itself on its own after a couple of months. In severe cases, the process can take six months. In the worst case, the person will develop defects that will interfere with his normal life. Persistent changes in the body lead to the appearance of epilepsy and disability.
, , ,
A sharp increase in body temperature a few hours after the bite indicates that the body has responded to such an intrusion with an allergic reaction. This happens due to the ingestion of saliva under the skin of a sterile or infected tick. Therefore, when a tick bites, a person needs to constantly record the temperature, moreover, it is necessary to monitor the victim for 10 days. Body temperature must be constantly measured. Fever can manifest itself 2-10 days after the bite. This symptom indicates the onset of infectious pathogenesis.
With tick-borne encephalitis, the temperature may rise 2-4 days after the bite. It lasts for two days and then normalizes on its own. The repeated increase is recorded on the 10th day. with borreliosis, body temperature does not change so often. With ehrlichiosis, fever appears on the 14th day. Moreover, it can be increased for 20 days. Therefore, the temperature indicators must be monitored without fail.
This symptom is characteristic of Lyme disease. The tick suction site is redder and resembles a ring. This can happen 3-10 days after the defeat. In some cases, a skin rash is noted. Over time, the redness after the bite changes in size and becomes much larger. Borreliosis is characterized by the appearance of erythema. It is accompanied by severe fever, headache, and fatigue. Motor restlessness, muscle and joint pain are not excluded. Swelling of the tonsils is often observed.
Over the next 3-4 weeks, the rash begins to gradually disappear and the stain may completely disappear. A person, as a rule, does not pay attention to all this. The danger still remains. So, after a month and a half, severe complications from the central nervous system may appear. Therefore, it is imperative to monitor redness and, in general, tick bites!
Often, the human body responds negatively to the introduction of a tick into it. So, the bite site begins to turn red, in some cases, a seal appears. Where does all this come from and is there any danger in this? It should be understood that an ordinary allergic reaction can cause a bump at the site of a tick bite. It occurs due to the piercing of the skin with the proboscis and the ingress of saliva into them. Moreover, it is not necessary that the saliva be infected, even in a sterile form, it can provoke an allergic reaction. Itching, redness and light induration are normal reactions of the body. But, all is not worth it to relax.
If the tick was submitted for examination, and she confirmed the absence of dangerous bacteria in it, there is no reason for worry. When a bump appears after a while, and the tick has not been tested, there is a reason to worry. You need to go to the hospital immediately. This may indicate an infection. Diseases caused by ticks have been described above.
The bump can occur due to improper removal of the tick. In some cases, the body of the tick is safely removed, but its proboscis remains in the skin. Therefore, the removal process must be monitored more carefully. If a lump appears and additional symptoms in the form of fever and headache appear, you should immediately go to the hospital.
Bowel upset is not common, but it can be one of the signs of serious damage to the body. Each person is individual and even the bite of an uninfected tick can lead to a number of negative reactions. The site of the lesion may turn red, over time, itching and rash appear. The intestines can also react negatively after a tick bite, causing diarrhea.
This symptomatology is twofold. In one case, it may indicate the weakness of the body, in the other, it can talk about its infection. Therefore, if negative symptoms appear, including an intestinal disorder, you need to go to the hospital. Even if a person becomes easier after a while. Many diseases carried by ticks begin to manifest themselves 2 weeks after the bite. During this period, the infection can develop in the body and lead to irreversible processes.
, , ,
A lump after a bite may indicate that an infection has entered the body. If this symptom appears, along with redness, itching and rash, you should immediately see a doctor. This can be either incorrect removal of the tick or the development of a serious disease. Often, after a bite, a seal forms, its development provokes an allergic reaction. Perhaps this is the most harmless thing that can happen.
Piercing the skin with its proboscis, the tick begins to stick. This process is capable of causing itching, redness and even rawness. Often, after removal, a seal appears. True, this symptom is not so harmless. It is likely that an infection has begun to develop in the human body. It can be encephalitis or borreliosis. It is worth immediately seeking help from the hospital.
Often people remove the tick itself incorrectly. This leads to the fact that his proboscis remains in the skin. In this regard, the inflammatory process begins, severe irritation and induration appear. Doctors will help to cope with this problem.
The first step is to remove the tick. This can be done both independently and by contacting the hospital. A live tick must be preserved and taken for examination. If, when removed, it was killed, it is worth placing it in a container with ice. In any case, the tick must be submitted for examination! After all, bites can cause a number of dangerous diseases. It is important that after a tick bite, a person is correctly diagnosed with a disease and an effective treatment is prescribed.
The bite is treated with antibiotics. True, they are not always used to eliminate the causative agent of the infection. To eliminate encephalitis, antibiotics are not used.
When a tick bites, you need to follow a special algorithm. The first step is to remove the tick. Then he is handed over to a special accredited laboratory. This will reveal the presence of infectious agents in him. The study is carried out by the PCR method, directly in the body of the tick. A person needs to donate blood to detect antibodies. After all, bites can have serious consequences. The victim is recommended to undergo a course of treatment based on the results of laboratory tests. When symptoms of a flare bite appear in a person, you need to know where to go.
Where can you take the tick and how to check it. It is necessary to find a hospital that does such research. The address of the laboratories and telephone numbers can be found on the Internet. It is enough to visit the site of Ukrainian Consumer Supervision Service. In fact, ticks should be taken in every hospital where there is a laboratory. Most importantly, the research is completely free! It is recommended to clarify this information. The results are provided on the day the tick is delivered or the next day.
If a tick has been found on the body, it must be removed immediately. An experienced specialist can help with this. In the hospital, the tick is immediately submitted for examination, because a tick bite in a person can provoke the development of serious diseases, so you need to know how to treat the affected area. In an outpatient setting, a person is recommended to use immunoglobulins. The most commonly prescribed remedy is Rimantadine. It is taken for 3 days, one tablet in the morning and in the evening.
At home, the tick is removed with oil. It is necessary to drop a lot of it on the head of the tick. For these purposes, alcohol is also used. Removal can begin after 15 minutes. In most cases, the tick crawls out on its own. It is much easier to remove it this way, just use tweezers and pull out the tick in a circular motion. It is recommended to treat the bite site with hydrogen peroxide. Further advice can be obtained from the hospital. Usually, the site of the lesion is not treated with anything else.
If a person is at risk of developing encephalitis or the diagnosis has been confirmed, they begin to take human immunoglobulin. It can be Prednisolone and Ribonuclease. Blood substitutes are actively used, such as Reopolyglyukin, Polyglyukin. All these pills from a tick bite do not give infection, spread throughout the human body and lead to serious damage in the body.
Prevention is entirely based on a few basic rules. First of all, it is necessary to vaccinate. This will avoid serious consequences in the future. If a person is already infected, it is inappropriate to carry out it. The second criterion for prevention is specific immunotherapy. It is a therapeutic measure in which immunoglobulin is injected into the human body. Prevention of a tick bite should be more carefully carried out in people whose activities are directly related to work in nature.
It is important to dress properly when hiking in the forest or outdoors. Special clothing will help prevent ticks from entering underneath. You can use special means scaring away. It can be both sprays and creams that are applied to the skin. All this will help to avoid a bite and further infection. Compliance with simple rules and checking the body after returning from nature will protect a person and prevent possible serious consequences.
The further course depends on how quickly the person reacted to the defeat. If he ignored the manifested symptoms and did not go to the doctor, the prognosis is extremely poor. The fact is that tick bites can manifest themselves only after a while. This is the main danger. The first symptoms may appear within a week and fade away after a few days. Then it flares up with renewed vigor, but already entails serious damage to the central nervous system and the brain. This can lead to the development of epilepsy, paralysis, disability and even death. Naturally, the prognosis in this case is unfavorable.
If a person noticed a tick in himself in time, removed it and handed it over for examination, the likelihood of a good outcome is high. After all, even if the tick is infected, according to the results of the examination, the person will be prescribed high-quality treatment. This will prevent all serious consequences. The favorableness of the forecast depends entirely on the person himself.
Death from a tick bite in humans Death from a tick bite can occur for a number of reasons. In most cases, this is due to infection with serious diseases such as encephalitis and borreliosis. Many people ignore the symptoms shown and are in no hurry to see a doctor. In the meantime, the disease begins to actively progress. Encephalitis is especially dangerous; death from such a tick bite in humans can occur.
The disease can manifest itself on initial stage and then fade away. After which it returns with renewed vigor and leads to serious damage to the central nervous system and the brain. This is often fatal. Borreliosis is also dangerous. He can show himself six months after infection. And everything happens instantly. Animals can die instantly. Finally, dermatobiasis. This disease is fatal in children. The body of adults is more adapted to this infection.
The tick is a subclass of arthropods from the class of arachnids, the body length of a medium-sized individual is 0.5 mm.
Insect activation begins in spring and early summer, the risk of being bitten increases in warm, dry weather. When bitten through the wound, an anesthetic is injected into the body, as a result of which the insect's attacks pass completely unnoticed for a person.
Ticks are known to carry tick-borne encephalitis, borreliosis and other dangerous diseases. If a person is bitten by an infected tick, then the virus quickly enters the bloodstream and infects the entire body.
After a walk, examine the body for ticks:
The main danger to humans is infection with diseases, carried by a tick:
At the site of the bite, redness and swelling occurs in some cases, allergic reactions may occur.
The tick has a peculiar organ - a hypostome (proboscis), with which it pierces the victim's skin and is attached inside the wound with the help of special saliva, it simultaneously anesthetizes (which is why a person does not feel the moment of the bite) and fixes the proboscis in the wound. The size of the tick is about 0.3-0.4 mm, the females are 1 mm larger. Sucking blood, the tick increases in size by 2-3 times.
It is possible to identify the main symptoms in humans associated with a tick bite, they can appear after 2-3 hours, namely:
The following symptoms of a tick bite in a person may include the following factors:
In addition to these symptoms, it is necessary to take into account the presence of secondary signs that provoked the tick with its bite, namely:
Ticks are carriers of many diseases, including tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease), rickettsioses and other infections. When you find a sucked tick - remove it as soon as possible! It is impossible to delay the removal. The longer the tick drinks blood, the more infection will enter the body.
Lyme disease (borreliosis):
Tick-borne encephalitis:
When these symptoms appear, you urgently need to consult an infectious disease doctor or a polyclinic therapist, to the admission department of an infectious diseases hospital, and in a serious condition - to an ambulance.
The area around the bite is pink to reddish, depending on the reaction of the body. In the center there will be a noticeable deepening deep into the skin.
Since the tick is a carrier of serious diseases, when you return home after a trip to the park or forest, you should not immediately lie down on the sofa. It is important to carefully examine yourself and your loved ones for the presence of a tick on the body.
If a tick was found, then it is necessary to remove it from the human body as soon as possible. There are several ways to do this at home.
If you have not had the opportunity to go to a medical institution and conduct a tick analysis, then it is advisable to observe the affected person for a month.
It is also worth knowing that the incubation period in Lyme disease from the onset of infection to the onset of symptoms is usually 1-2 weeks, but it can be much shorter (several days) or longer (from months to years). In the case of tick-borne encephalitis, it is generally accepted that from the moment the virus enters the bloodstream to the onset of the first manifestations of the disease, it takes from 1 day to a month. On average, the period is 1-3 weeks, since the forms of development of the disease are different.
The tick bite itself is not dangerous to humans. Serious consequences after a bite can occur only if the insect has been infected.
A tick can be the source of a fairly large number of diseases, therefore, after removing a tick, save it for testing for tick-borne infections (tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease), if there is a possibility for other infections), usually this can be done in an infectious diseases hospital. You need to understand that the presence of an infection in a tick does not mean that a person will get sick. The analysis of the tick is needed for peace of mind in case of a negative result and vigilance - in case of a positive one.
Here is a list of diseases that a tick can transmit:
Most often found on the territory of Russia and pose a serious danger to human health - tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis. Of course, the likelihood of getting infected by a tick bite is not too high, because 90% of ticks, according to research, are sterile. However, it is present.
Unfavorable outcome:
Favorable outcome:
Of course, you should not deprive yourself of the pleasure of walking outside the city under the shade of trees, because ticks can overtake in the city. Simply, going to the forest, you need to adhere to certain rules of prevention in order to maximize your protection from these blood-sucking insects:
Prevention of the consequences associated with a tick bite is based on:
Also, remember that a bite does not usually spread the infection immediately. The longer the tick stays on the body, the greater the chances of contracting encephalitis or borreliosis.
(Visited 18 139 times, 1 visits today)
An unpleasant and threatening opportunity for everyone to become a victim of a tick-borne attack makes them, closer to the peak season, become interested in the signs of a tick bite in humans and what its consequences may be, as well as whether there is a treatment for them.
Those who have not previously known personally with such a nuisance as the fact of a bite of a blood-sucking ixodid or argas tick are most interested in whether they will get sick after, and also what symptoms they should expect from a tick bite.
Argas and Ixodid ticks
Only a complex of all these factors is responsible for what happens from a bite of a particular tick and what kind of symptoms will appear after it.
A tick is capable of transmitting such infections to people at the time of a bite:
Important! One by one appearance it is impossible to recognize whether a tick that has bitten a person is infected! Only a study of a bloodsucker removed from a wound or a blood test of a bitten one can give an answer whether he has pathogens in his blood, the cause of which was a tick bite.
The reason is that the tick-borne bite remains unnoticed for the victim due to its painlessness at all stages - the moment of puncturing the skin, inserting the proboscis and the very process of sucking out blood, because the tick's saliva contains a specific natural anesthetic to lull the victim's vigilance - a human or a warm-blooded animal.
The tick must have time to find a vulnerable spot for a bite, make a puncture of the skin, where the oral apparatus is introduced, completely saturate and fall off. In time, its "feast" can take from several hours in males and drag on to several days in nymphs and adult females, so evolutionarily the tick has adapted to remain unnoticed on the victim's body for as long as possible.
How, then, can you determine that a person has been bitten by a tick? It is necessary after returning from a walk, if you have visited places with thickets of grass or shrubs, first take a good look at your body, including in the mirror, in order to see yourself from behind. You can trust someone close to you.
Usually, experienced tourists, vacationers on hikes, or foresters, hunters, beekeepers - all those who are constantly busy in nature know how to correctly recognize a tick bite in a person, what first symptoms and possible diseases it can cause, and what to do next with a bloodsucker ...
With a close examination, it is necessary to especially focus on places vulnerable to the tick:
A well-fed tick that has bite and is saturated with blood looks like a volumetric dark mole, and if you look at the bite with a magnifying glass, you can find paws sticking out to the sides of the swollen body.
The area around the buried tick often looks reddened and may show mild signs of swelling. Sometimes the local temperature rises around the area of the bite.
Mite on human skin
As soon as a bloodsucker adhering to the skin is found, it must be removed as soon as possible, while not panicking and observing the right ways... Actions must be competent and confident. It is better if the extraction is carried out by a health worker, but when it is far from that, you will have to perform the manipulation yourself.
How to remove a tick correctly
For this, tweezers are better suited, in the absence of one - a strong thread, and if you have nothing at all with you, then you can pull out the tick with just your hands.
The main thing is to do it right: do not pull out, do not grab the body itself, so as not to crush; do not use gasoline, kerosene, oil, vinegar or other tick-killing liquids. Otherwise, at the moment of death, he will relax the oral apparatus and the entire contents of the abdomen and salivary glands will enter the bitten person's blood, along with the entire "stock" of pathogens, and then signs of the disease will become more likely!
After extraction, the bitten place must be thoroughly disinfected with an antiseptic, it depends on what symptoms a person will experience with a tick bite in order to minimize their intensity.
But if such an opportunity is not available at the moment, then it is better to burn it, scald it or crush it well between layers of napkin, paper, fabric.
That is why the intensity and severity of the disease, if any, as well as how severe the symptoms turn out to be, depends, among other things, on how quickly the tick is removed.
The manifestation of signs of a tick bite in humans and the symptoms of possible infections again depends on a number of factors, the main of which is whether pathogens have entered the bloodstream, which one, and in what quantity.
Important! If the bitten bloodsucker was a carrier of infection, then the first characteristic of man symptoms after a tick bite may not appear immediately, depending on the type of disease involved.
Specific symptoms after a tick bite in an infected person directly depend on the type of diseases introduced into the body or their combination, because one bloodsucker can infect several infections at the same time.
It is no less responsible for what symptoms after a tick bite the disease manifests itself, the state of immunity of the bitten person.
Symptoms of the disease after being bitten by an infectious tick in humans depend on the internal picture of the development of a particular infection.
This deadly viral infection, which has the most ominous signs after an encephalitis tick bite, in a person can begin to show the first symptoms after a week or two.
Symptoms include initially headaches and muscle pains, the temperature rises strongly, and nausea with vomiting appears. Then, after a short relief, there are glitches in nervous system and meningitis ensues, ending in a disturbance in consciousness.
Without adequate help, if there is no treatment, a patient who has suffered a tick bite is doomed to disability, and sometimes death.
The most common bacterial disease provoked by the bite of an infected tick, its symptoms are expressed mainly in the occurrence of only its inherent rash - erythema migrans.
Lyme disease symptoms begin with fever and pain in the head, joints, muscles. After that, the heart, eyes, nerves are connected.
The treatment consists in antibiotics, which in a short time relieves Negative consequences after a tick bite in a sick person.
But if the treatment is not prescribed on time, it will turn into a disability for the person who survived the bite, there are cases of death.
A high temperature with a bite of an infectious tick is also observed with other types of infections, accompanying a person in most cases.
Symptoms such as general malaise, fever, indigestion are characteristic of more rare diseases that occur in humans as a consequence of a tick bite.
Important! From how quickly the pathogen is determined and therapy is prescribed, it will depend on what symptoms a person will experience after a tick bite, and what their severity will be.
The fact of a tick bite and the symptoms that have arisen in a person cannot be ignored, treatment should begin as early as possible, then the prognosis will be favorable.
For encephalitis in Russia in the past year, about half a million residents who have suffered a tick bite applied for help.
The causative agents of encephalitis were found in about 2300 bitten. Not everyone received the help they needed on time, and 24 people died.
Of the victims of a tick bite, only 7% were vaccinated against encephalitis.
About 20% of those who survived the infection remain disabled afterwards. The mortality rate for the European part is up to 2% and increases for Of the Far East up to 25%.
Blood sucking ticks- Potential carriers of pathogens of some infections that are dangerous to humans. The most famous infection of this group in Russia is. Also dangerous (Lyme disease), ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and a number of other diseases transmitted by ticks.
Annually up to 400 thousand Russians apply to medical institutions for tick bites, a quarter of the victims are children under 14 years of age. How many tick bites citizens of our country receive during foreign travel is unknown.
The maximum number of suction is recorded in Siberian, Volga and Ural federal districts, the minimum - in the South and North Caucasus.
Tick attacks are seasonal. The first cases of bites are in early spring with an average daily soil temperature above 0.3 0 C, the last - in late autumn. The maximum number of tick bites occurs in the period from mid-spring to the first half of summer.
Not all ticks carry infections. Free from pathogens on average in the regions of Russia are up to 80-90% of ticks.
However, an attack by sterile ticks (not carriers of infections) is also dangerous for humans! Mass suction is accompanied by sensitization (allergic reactions) of the body.
Ticks are potential carriers of one, and sometimes several types of microbes and viruses. Accordingly, the carriage of one pathogen is mono-carriage, and two or more are mixed carriage. In regions with a high population density, ticks are carriers of:
mono-infections - in 10-20% of cases;
mixed infections - in 7-15% of cases.
The tick is attached to the human body using a hypostome. This unpaired outgrowth performs the functions of a sense organ, attachment and blood sucking. The most likely place for a tick to stick to a person from the bottom up:
groin area;
belly and lower back;
chest, armpits, neck;
ear area.
During a bite, under the influence of tick saliva and microtrauma, inflammation and local allergic reaction develop on the skin. The suction site is painless, manifested by rounded redness.
The place of a tick bite in Lyme disease (borreliosis) looks characteristic - in the form of a specific macular erythema, which increases to 10-20 cm in diameter (sometimes up to 60 cm). The shape of the spot is round, sometimes irregular oval. After a while, a raised outer border of intense red color is formed along the contour. The center of erythema becomes cyanotic or white. The next day, the spot looks like a donut, a crust and a scar are formed. After two weeks, the scar disappears without a trace.
Video: bitten by a tick, what to do? Urgent care:
A tick bite is not accompanied by pain in humans. A sucked tick is able to remain unnoticed for a long time.
weakness, drowsiness;
joint aches;
photophobia.
the number of sucked ticks;
individual characteristics of the human body to which the tick has sucked.
Strong manifestation of signs of a bite should be expected in the elderly, children, persons with a history of chronic diseases, allergies and immunodeficiency conditions.
hyperthermia up to 37-38 0 C. against the background of a decrease in and;
tachycardia (more than 60 beats per minute);
labored, hoarse breathing;
nervous reactions in the form of hallucinations, etc.
An increase in temperature in the first hours after a bite is a sign of the development of allergic reactions to the saliva of a sterile or infected tick.
After a tick bite, you need to record your body temperature every day for ten days! Fever diagnosed 2-10 days after the bite is one of the signs of the onset of infectious pathogenesis.
Features of fever in major tick-borne infections:
cardiovascular system - surges in blood pressure;
Persistent organic syndrome with a significant decrease in the quality of life in the form of a defect in motor functions without progression of symptoms;
A persistent decrease in the quality of life with the progression of symptoms (continuous progression, abortive - recurrent).
Contribute to the progression of symptoms: alcohol, overwork, pregnancy. Long-term persistent changes in the form of epilepsy, hyperkinesis are the reason for determining the III, II, I group of disability.
Group III disability: moderate paresis of the extremities, rare epileptic seizures, loss of work skills, a significant decrease in professional qualifications;
Disability group II: severe paresis, hemiparesis in combination with epileptic seizures, pronounced mental changes, severe asthenia, loss of work activity and the ability to self-service;
Disability group I: severe movement disorders, frequent Kozhevnikovskaya epilepsy (a type of epilepsy), widespread hyperkinesis in combination with epilepsy, dementia (acquired dementia), persistent loss of the ability for self-care and self-control of behavior, inability to move without assistance.
Tick-borne diseases include viral, microbial (including rickettsial) and protozoal infections. Such diseases are diagnosed in almost all continents of the globe.
Tick-borne encephalitis (territory of Russia, Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Sweden, Switzerland, Poland, Slovakia, Baltic countries, Kazakhstan, China, Japan, Korea, others);
Tick-borne hemorrhagic fevers (Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever (South of Russia, China, Serbia, Bulgaria, Central Asian countries, Congo, Kenya), Omsk hemorrhagic fever (Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tyumen, Kurgan, Orenburg regions);
Rare tick-borne fevers (Lipovnik fever (European countries), Kemerovo fever (Kemerovo region).
Borreliosis (ubiquitous in Russia, Eastern Europe);
Ehrlichiosis (Russia, Eastern and Western Europe, USA, Japan, China);
Anaplasmosis (Russia, Europe, North America, China).
Marseilles fever (southern Europe, South Africa, Asia, in areas with a humid hot climate, Crimea, Dagestan, the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea);
Astrakhan spotted fever (Astrakhan, Volgograd regions, Republic of Kalmykia, west of Kazakhstan);
Tick-borne typhus of Northern Asia (Siberia, Khabarovsk, Primorsky Krai, Northern and Eastern Kazakhstan, Armenia, Turkmenistan, Mongolian People's Republic);
Tick-borne typhus of northern Australia (Queensland);
Smallpox rickettsiosis (found in Central Africa, Southern Europe, USA);
Tsutsugamushi fever (Primorsky Territory, Kuriles, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Japan, Korea, China);
Q fever (Regions of the Volga Region, Western Siberia, Central Black Earth Region, India, USA, France, Canada, Tunisia, Mali, Morocco, Western Ukraine, Spain, other countries);
Tick-borne paroxysmal rickettsiosis (previously in Western Ukraine, there is currently no data on its distribution).
Human babesiosis (Scandinavia, France, Germany, Yugoslavia, Poland, Russia, US East Coast).
The first step is to remove the sucked tick. A live tick must be stored / moved at ambient temperature, killed (crushed) - in a thermal container with ice.
Tests for tick infestation are carried out in Rospotrebnadzor laboratories (they are accredited and certified for these analyzes). In some regions, research is carried out by other laboratories, their addresses and phone numbers can be found on the Internet.
Video: how to properly pull out a tick with a thread:
Antibiotics are not always used to suppress tick-borne pathogens.
In the treatment of tick-borne encephalitis (the causative agent of the virus), antibiotics are not used.
Bed rest in the hospital for the entire period of fever and seven days after its end;
In the first three days - human immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis;
Shown are prednisolone, ribonuclease, blood substitutes - rheopolyglucin, polyglucin, hemodez;
With meningitis - increased doses of B vitamins, ascorbic acid;
In case of respiratory failure - intensive ventilation of the lungs (IVL);
During the recovery period - anabolic steroids, nootropic drugs, tranquilizers.
Depending on the form of tick-borne encephalitis, an antibiotic may be prescribed as an auxiliary drug to suppress the microflora that caused complications in the lungs, intestines, kidneys and other organs. The type of antibiotic is selected by the doctor, based on the sensitivity of microorganisms to it.
When treating borreliosis (Lyme disease), antibiotics are always used! They are used to suppress pathogens. Lyme borreliosis is caused by a microorganism from the spirochete group.
Hospitalization is required for neurological disorders;
At the stage of erythema (redness), tetracycline and drugs of its group are prescribed. Bacteriostatics (this group includes lincomycin, chloramphenicol, macrolides) prevent the development of later stages of the disease;
Neurological syndrome is helped to stop intravenous injections of bactericidal antibiotics of the cephalosporin and penicillin series. The group of bactericidal antibiotics also includes aminoglycosides and polymyxins;
Restoring water balance - blood substitutes, saline solutions, prednisone, vitamins, drugs that normalize cerebral circulation, anabolic hormones.
As a means of etiotropic therapy in the treatment of tick-borne infections:
viral nature (see list above) antibiotics are not used to suppress the virus; instead, the method of specific immunotherapy is used;
bacterial nature (see list above) antibiotics are used;
protozoan nature (see list above) use medicines, suppressing the growth and reproduction of the simplest microorganisms.
The victim should be helped to remove the tick, place it in an airtight container and sign the label accompanying the biomaterial sample.
The suction of a tick provokes an allergic response of the body, sometimes in the form.
Eyelids, lips and other parts of the face;
muscle pain;
shortness of breath.
This is a very dangerous manifestation of an allergic reaction, you need to immediately call an ambulance and try to help the victim before the doctors arrive.
give one of (claritin, suprastin, erius, telfast, zirtek and others);
provide access to fresh air;
inject prednisolone (dexamethasone) at a dose of 60 mg intramuscularly.
Diagnostic and treatment measures for possible infections are carried out in hospitals.
It is necessary to perform the following sequence of actions:
remove the sucked tick;
hand it over to an accredited laboratory to identify infectious agents by PCR (see below for how to find out the address);
donate blood (if necessary) for the detection of antibodies to ELISA in human serum (details below).
undergo a course of treatment based on the results of laboratory tests and clinical indications.
The suction of the tick occurs after it is fixed on the human body. This process takes from several minutes to several hours. Blood absorption lasts from two hours to several days. Suction is imperceptible to humans, and a tick already drunk with blood has a round shape and gray color.
The sucked tick must be removed urgently, but very carefully! It is necessary to protect its abdomen from damage and leakage of hemolymph and human blood. Hands and the wound at the site of the bite should be treated with an alcohol-containing solution (vodka, cologne, alcoholic solution of iodine or brilliant green).
Throw the thread in the form of a loop around the proboscis (close to the skin), tighten and slowly pull out with swinging movements. Instead of thread, you can use nails, two matches, and other suitable items.
Place the tick inside a plastic bag, tie the neck.
Sign the package label (indicate the date, time, place of detection, name of the person from whom the tick was removed, contacts for information on tick infestation).
Use medical (manicure) tweezers or devices (Tick Twister, Tick Nipper, Pro tick remedy, Trix, Tricked off, others);
Place the tick in an airtight container (medicine bottle, for example);
Sign the container label (see above).
If you cannot remove the tick yourself - contact the nearest emergency room, admission department of a medical institution, a surgical clinic, or a polyclinic. The list of institutions that work around the clock and provide emergency assistance in case of tick suction can be found on the website of the territorial department of Rospotrebnadzor in the corresponding region.
Analyzes are carried out free of charge, but be sure to clarify this information. PCR study based on ready-made diagnostic kits AmpliSensTBEV (encephalitis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis), distributor of InterLabService LLC. You need to know when the results are ready. Usually the same day or the next morning.
Within 10 days after tick sucking, on the recommendation of a doctor, it is sometimes necessary to donate blood for the detection of antibodies in humans to infections transmitted by ticks. For diagnostics, use the test system "VectoVKE –IgG-strip" JSC "Vector-Best" ". Analysis time: 2 hours 30 minutes.
When donating blood, it is necessary to indicate the date of vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis (if any). The presence of vaccine antibodies gives false positive results. The information provided will shorten the time it takes to make a diagnosis and increase its accuracy.
Based on the results of testing the tick by PCR and / or blood serum for ELISA, on the basis of the doctor's recommendations, specific immunotherapy is carried out.
The introduction of human immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis is paid!
Free gamma globulin is administered to certain categories of citizens and on the basis of a VHI policy for the tick-borne encephalitis treatment program (be sure to contact the medical institution specified in the contract within 4 days after the bite).
The time during which a specific treatment is possible, the period, the frequency of administration of globulin should be found out from the attending physician. Delivery point address curative care with encephalitis it is indicated:
in the VHI policy;
on the bench in the laboratory.
The likelihood of a tick attack on a person depends on:
epidemiological well-being of the territory of residence;
profession associated with frequent presence in the forest, field;
the likelihood of visiting places that are unfavorable in terms of tick-borne infections.
Prevention of the consequences associated with a tick bite is based on:
vaccination, but this is a preventive measure, when a person is infected, it cannot be used;
specific immunotherapy is a therapeutic measure (the introduction of immunoglobulin only in case of infection or suspicion of infection after a bite);
health insurance to pay for possible treatment;
using special clothing and devices to prevent ticks from entering the body;
the use of agents for scaring away, killing ticks;
limiting the number of ticks in biotopes, places where people are likely to be found.
Vaccination significantly reduces the risk of disease, it is shown to all people living in disadvantaged regions, and to people professionally associated with the forest (drillers, geologists, surveyors, foresters). If desired, the vaccine can be given to everyone who is interested in it, in the absence of contraindications.
Primary vaccination is possible from the first year of a child's life, and then at any age. Adults can be vaccinated with domestic and imported drugs, children are better with imported ones. Six variants of vaccines from four manufacturers from Russia, Germany and Switzerland are available in Russia.
Concentrated inactivated vaccine, indicated for use from three years of age and older;
EnceVir, Russia, shown from eighteen years of age and older.
FSME-Immun Junior, shown from one to sixteen years;
FSM-Immun Inject (FSME-Immun Inject), indications are similar.
Encepur Children, shown from twelve months to eleven;
Encepur adult, indicated from twelve years of age and older.
Preventive vaccination provides protection against ticks for the first year, and after revaccination for three years. Re-vaccinations are carried out every three years.
Emergency vaccination provides a short protective effect. Indication - urgent trips to regions unfavorable for encephalitis.
Vaccination is carried out after a preliminary survey of the patient for allergic reactions, clinical examination, thermometry. Persons with health impairments are not allowed to vaccinate. There are contraindications and limitations.
In Russia, "Human immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis" is produced by FSUE NPO Microgen. The drug contains ready-made antibodies to viral encephalitis. It is administered intramuscularly for the purpose of treatment, usually after infection or at threat of infection. Doses and frequency of administration can be obtained from your doctor.
It is advisable to recommend insurance as a supplement to vaccination or as the only measure if vaccination is impossible. Tick-borne encephalitis insurance is carried out within the framework of VHI - voluntary medical insurance. The payments are intended to offset the cost of treatment for tick-borne encephalitis and other similar infections. When choosing an insurance program and an insurance company, you need to pay attention to:
the insured has permits for the execution of voluntary medical insurance;
the cost of VHI services and the reputation of the policyholder;
availability of documents for the right to provide medical and preventive care or an agreement with a person authorized to provide such assistance on behalf of the policyholder;
availability of a round-the-clock free telephone line for emergency consulting assistance.
Going to the forest or out of town, choose suitable clothes in light colors:
anti-encephalitis suit;
a jacket (shirt) with long sleeves and cuffs and trousers tucked into socks;
a hood that fits snugly around the head and protects the neck.
Every hour, you need to inspect your clothes from the bottom up to identify ticks. It is recommended that you examine your body every two hours, primarily your armpits, neck, groin, chest and head. It is worth avoiding or minimizing being in tall grass at the edge of the forest, along the paths.
Various devices are commercially available to prevent ticks from entering the body in the form of insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets, special shoes, clothing, and so on.
For these purposes, repellents and acaricides can be used.
Repellents repel ticks and insects - these products are suitable for use on exposed parts of the body and for dressing. The active ingredient is DEET (diethyltoluamide).
Ultraton USA - lotion, aerosol;
Biban (Czech Republic) - aerosol;
DEFI-Taiga - solution, pencil, lotion, emulsion, aerosol, balm, cream, gel;
Off extreme - aerosol;
Gall-RET - aerosol;
Raptor - aerosol;
DETA-prof - aerosol;
Anti-mite breeze - aerosol.
Acaricides (kill ticks) - have only a contact effect. They should be used exclusively for processing outerwear fabric and anti-mite processing of territories and premises! Modern acaricides are made on the basis of permethrin and alphacypermethrin:
Raftamide-taiga is an aerosol that can be used to treat an anti-encephalitis suit, dry it and wear it over underwear that has long sleeves and pants. Acaricidal action lasts up to 10-15 days;
Picnic Anti-mite - aerosol, apply in the same way;
Tetrix (concentrate) - a liquid suitable for processing change houses, produced in 0.25 liter bottles and 1 liter and 5 liter canisters;
To prevent the spread of ticks, you should regularly:
mowing the grass on the site (ticks guard the victim in the grass, usually at a height of 0.6 m, the maximum height is 1.5 meters; in a hungry state, ticks live from two to four years, according to some sources, up to seven years; development from egg to adult individuals - adults take two to three years or more);
clean shrubs, remove fallen leaves (mites lose their own moisture in the sun, and restore balance in wet shelters);
to destroy small rodents - hosts of ticks (the circulation of the pathogen in the wild fauna is a natural focus of infection);
to carry out processing of places of probable concentration of ticks (ticks of the middle lane move within 5-10 meters, southern ones - up to 100 meters, guided by receptors, concentrate along paths, forest edges - in places of probable contact with the victim).
Anti-mite treatments based on knowledge of mite biology are effective when performed annually. In many regions there are organizations that carry out deacarization, deratization, disinfestation, and implements equipment for mowing grass, chemical agents for anti-mite treatments.
Education: in 2008 he received a diploma in the specialty "General Medicine (General Medicine)" at the Russian Research medical university named after N.I. Pirogov. Immediately passed an internship and received a diploma of a therapist.
Not all tropical diseases can be avoided by vaccination. Use personal protective equipment (repellents, insecticides, bed covers, mosquito net Pavlovsky, fumigators, electronic scarers) when visiting natural objects. The usual precautions are - effective remedy prevention of contagious diseases.
|
Bed bugs are blood-sucking insects that inflict characteristic painful bites on humans. To feed the bug, there is a special piercing-sucking apparatus, which was formed from its two jaws and looks like a pointed tube. The bug does not bite, but rather pierces the human skin and tries to reach the blood vessel with its proboscis. Sometimes insect bites disappear completely without leaving any consequences. But it also happens that they can cause serious complications or even death. Therefore, it is very important to take into account the possible subtleties and mechanisms of their appearance. This will help to determine in time threatening situations and take appropriate measures to eliminate them. |
