Muslims strictly observe traditions and covenants written in the Quran. One of the greatest celebrations is holiday Ramadan. This is a holy month, which is of particular importance for everyone wrapped in this faith. We will get acquainted with this traditional religious action closer, and also tell me when Ramadan is celebrated in 2019.
The main thing in the article
Islamic calendar, or as it is also called calendar Hijry. - This is the lunar calendar, whose months begin with new moon. The 9th month of Muslim year is called Ramadan,which can last 29-30 days. He begins at dawn after the ninth noving. Since the calendar is tied to the moon and its growth, then annually (in comparison with our Gregorian calendar), the Ramadan holiday shifts to 11 days.
In 2019, the beginning of the ninth month of the Islamic calendar will fall at Dawn on May 5. It will last a month until the dark time of day on June 3.
This month, representatives of the Arab world will fall into the bright time of the day. This post is obligatory for each "son of Allah", because the power of faith is demonstrated through it, the spirit and will are strengthened. The post implies not only the rejection of food, but also the cleansing of the body and the soul through the refusal of vices, lust and worldly desires (prohibitions).
During Ramadan, the Koran is especially very much studied, the commandments of Allah are fulfilled, believers adhere to the prescribed prohibitions.
It is these last days that are considered the most sacred, because for this period she gets Al-Fold Night (Mound Night). It is believed that on this night, Allah "distributes" the fate of each believer for the next year, based on his acts .
It is not known for certain, in which of the last days the Prophet Muhammad happened to the phenomenon of the Messenger of the Jibril, so he was revered every day. To be more accurate, the night of the definition of fate is celebrated several times over the past 10 days Ramadan in odd numbers of day.
Observe Ramazan rules must be all believers in Allah, but there are exceptions that concern:
Each food in Ramadan is allowed at night, but only twice:
Skip meals are prohibited.
According to the Holy Scriptures, in the bright time of the days, believers in Allah devote themselves to work and prayer (there are 5 mandatory daily prayers) to distract from sinful thoughts and motivations. In your free time you need to read the Quran.
To the actions in the bright time of the day, which may disrupt the sacred post, belong:
Ramadan should be prepared in advance. For this before the onset of 9 months every Monday and Thursday of the Week should be fast. Also refuse food 13, 14, 15th month Shaban
. Stands to introduce a rule get up 20-30 minutes before dawn.
This time should be dedicated to the reading of the Quran and Prayer.
All rules that should be observed a month Ramadan are registered in the Quran. Their observance helps believers to fast and refuse all temptations. To keep Ramadan, you need to remember next:
Muslim faith involves two names like Ramadan and Ramazan. The thing is that the only language in which there is a letter "Dad" used in the name of the month is available only in Arabic. In all other languages \u200b\u200band adverbs, the letter "For" is used. Because of this, the feast of the ninth month can be pronounced both Ramazan, and as Ramadan.
It should be noted that regardless of the specifics of the pronunciation of the Muslim people, when reading the Quran, the name of the holiday is pronounced exclusively as Ramadan. Since the distortion at reading the Holy Scripture is unacceptable.
The answer is unequivocal - drinking in a daytime month of the month of Ramadan is prohibited. This rule applies to all liquids (alcohol, water, juice, morse). The rule is valid until sunset, after which the believer is allowed to get drunk.
It should be noted that the swallowing of saliva is not a violation of the post, but the ingestion of water, which got into the mouth when bathing, is a break of a post for which the debt arises before Allah.
The post on the holiday of Ramadan provides for the rejection of the carnal joy and the fulfillment of marital debt in the bright time of the day. After sunset, this ban does not work, and sex is quite acceptable if you want or need. But if the believer breaks this rule and will make love with a woman in the afternoon, then it is envisaged for it "Punishment" in the form of a post reimbursement for 60 days. Also, the redemption of the failure of the post is considered to be alms and the organization of feeding beggars.
Ramadan happens only once a year. He is tied to the lunar calendar, so his offensive changes annually, informs the site site. The beginning of the ninth moon month is considered to be the beginning of Ramadan. The duration is calculated by lunar days, so lasting Ramadan can 29-30 days.
It should be noted that in various Muslim countries the first day of Ramadan may be slightly displaced (distinguished).
The fact is that it is formed first day for 9 months.
These factors lead to the fact that some believers begin to disappear on a day or two before their like-minded people are on another continent.
If you ask Muslims, why to eat in Ramadan is permitted only at night, the answer will be the same: "Such is the will of Allah". True, if you look for explanations in the Quran, it is impossible to find them. But contacting the story, you can clarify such a kind of abstinence.
Even before Islam, Arabs lived on a stationary calendar, and the month of Ramadan fell on the hottest period. It was Know that the ninth month gave name, because the word Ramadan has a translation - a strong heat (so night). At this time, under the scorching sun, it was impossible to be located. The steppes were burned, and people tried to hide from the rays of the hot shining. It seemed that life was silent this month, and only in the dark day over the heads of Arabs, the Moon was raised, which gave a long-awaited coolness. It was at night that people could work, respectively, had a need for food. Since the reserves of food because of the scorching sun were very scarce, and the main source of water was raining, that is, in the period "Nothing" (during the day) was forbidden. It was from these origins that the tradition went to Ramadan only at night.
Of course, everyone cannot be perfect. Therefore, during the Ramadan period there are violations, for these believers and carry debt before Allah. If you explain more clearly, for each relegation in the holy month of Ramadan will need to pay off before Allah. What are the "bets" for the spill in the Holy Scriptures?
The sacred month follows the next Shavval (10 lunar month), in which the celebration of the Celebration of Uraz-Bayram is taken to celebrate the first light day. This day marks the first eats in a bright time, as well as the pronunciation of the prayer of Namaz. Also on this day, the chapter of the family must pay alms to cry al-Fitr (this is mandatory challenge) for each member of its family.
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Why do Muslims fast?
In excess weight, most of us experienced this or that form of abstinence from food. The abundance of diets today allows you to choose the one that soul: without sugar, water, fruit. ... But the full rejection of food from dawn to sunset during the whole month can cause surprise and bewilderment. Especially when whole nations will be satisfied: young and elderly, poor and rich, adults and children. What else other than the shortened working day, the charm Ramadana? Is there too severe such a post? Maybe in Ramadan Muslims are barely touch for work, will only go and sleep during the day? And nights are not sleeping and shed? What is the essence of this month?
In Russian, the post means voluntary abstinence from a certain type of food, or food as a whole, observed by believers. The post is practiced in almost all religions of the world. For example, in Hinduism. "Falls" - a post of pious inductors for special cases, as a sign of reverence of personal gods and repentance. Such a tradition is adhere to the majority of pious industries. In the days of the post, they either do not eat anything, or cost fruit, simple light food ... Jews will fast on Yom-Kipur (day of redemption, celebrated on the tenth day of the month, completing Ten days repentance). On this day it is forbidden to eat, drink, wash, wear leather clothes and shoes, enter into sexual proximity. In addition, the ban on work, as in the sabbath, is distributed on yom-kipour. And Moses (peace to him), according to Torah, also observed the post:
"And I stayed there Moses in the Lord forty days and forty nights, bread did not eat and drink no water" (Exodus 34:28)
Catholics will go to the great post as a symbol of the forty-day post of Jesus (peace to him). In the fourth century, a week post preceded Easter or a passion week. And in the seventh century, this post was extended to forty days. The New Testament mentions the post of Jesus (peace to him):
"... and, having hunted forty days and forty nights, finally discount" (Matthew 4: 2; from Luke 4: 3)
This is what the Lord mean, when he speaks in the Quran:
"Oh those who believed! You are prescribed post, just as he was prescribed to your predecessors, - perhaps you are frightening "(Quran 2: 283)
While in most religions, the post is observed as cleansing from sins, in Islam this type of worship has a different goal - approaching God. The recognition of the Lord is preceded by righteousness, and therefore, the observance of the post is of great importance in Islam. When the Prophet Muhammada, and bless him Allah and welcomes, asked:
"What is the best?" He replied: "The post, because nothing compares with him."(Al-Nasaai)
The post in Islam has many levels. Even performing the same thing, Muslims will fall in different ways. Speaking otherwise, the post at different levels are observed. Below we will discuss some of the main levels.
A person who is at this level complies with all the rules of the post: refrain from food, drinking and sexual proximity for 29-30 days annually. A man at this level does not distinguish between the spiritual side of the post. This is the lowest level that must be attended to be considered to be the right one from an Islamic point of view. Of course, there is a spiritual advantage at this level - for following the prescription of God. However, you should not be content only. After all, post is much more than simple adherence to traditions. And the ritual level can not serve the purification of the soul from sins.
At this level, the person also seeks to obtain physical benefits from the post, i.e. Get rid of excess weight, improve well-being. Naturally, it does not abuse food. Flour of hunger and thirst make a person think about the post, how should he be on Sunne. Before the dawn, the Prophet Muhammad, and bless him Allah and welcomes, took only light food, and interrupted the post of moderate meal. He diligently avoided overeating. How came in Hadith:
"Never filled a vessel man, the worst than his own whisper! The son of Adam's a few pieces of food, thanks to which he can maintain his strength, and if it is inevitable for him there is more, let his third stomach be for meals, a third - for drinking, and another third - for the ease of breathing "(Ibn Maja).
The Prophet, and Bless him Allah and welcomes, usually dealt with several fresh or dried doves and a glass of water right before the start of prayer. At this level, hunger and thirst during the post give rise to a sense of compassion to the starving and dying from thirst and hunger in other corners of the world.
At the physical level, the post affects neurotransmitter - chemical impulse transmitter between nerve cells, and promotes emission endorphin - "Hormone of happiness." It is like an effect from exercise. Doctors also confirmed the beneficial effects of the post on health. For example, during the post, the human body consumes accumulated cholesterol, which reduces the risk of heart attack. The difference between the ritual level 1 and the physical layer 2 is that fasting 1 can eat a lot on sukhur (Food taken before sunrise to maintain forces during the day) and iftar (Talk), and not feel hunger and thirst for all month Ramadan. But the post at level 2 also can not be considered full. Without a spiritual side, the post can turn into a simple exhaustion of the body. As the prophet said, and bless him Allah and welcome:
« A person may not get anything from the post anything but hunger and thirst " (Ibn Maja).
Post levels: Libid, emotional, psychological and spiritual.
At this level, a person learns to cope with sexual instinct and excitement. Today, when the media uses the sexual desires of a person as an opportunity to promote and sell certain products, the ability to control themselves is particularly important. The post contributes not only to the physical, but also a mental decrease in excitement, as the fastener is forced to tear through everything that can cause sexual desire. Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and welcomes, said:
"The youth! Let those of you who can marry, will certainly do it! Because it will save the gaze from sin and will help to stay pious. Who is not able to do this, let him be fastened. As this will help him prevail over his temptation » (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Able to restrain itself from permitted intimate proximity during the post will not be difficult to be held from prohibited sexual relations outside the post.
Here a person learns to keep crossing negative emotions, languishing in the head and heart. As you know, one of the most destructive feelings is anger. The post helps to cope with him. As stated in Hadith:
"When some of you fasten, let the inappropriate affairs and useless conversations be avoided. And if someone becomes offended by him or argue with him, let him say: "I am singing" (Sahih al-Bukhari)
So, at this level, the fasting must refrain from all kind of negative emotions: meaningless conversations and hot disputes. Even if the standing is convinced of her right, leaving the dispute, he will only win. During the post, it is easy to tighten even jealousy and envy, since everyone performs the same prescription and no one can stand out.
The psychological level helps to cope with miserness and greed. The Messenger Allah said:
"Allah is not needed neither hunger, no thirst for a person who does not keep himself from lies even during the post" (sahih al-Bukhari)
In our age, when it would seem, everything in the world is designed to satisfy any needs and wishes of a person and, and immediately, the ability to postpone with the receipt of pleasure or remuneration - truly, the great thing. After all, there is a manifestation of patience. The post is a great opportunity to learn patience.
According to psychologists, it is sometimes useful to abstract from the material benefits of this world. Naturally, there is nothing wrong with enjoying the life of complete wealth, simply worldly should not become the main thing in our existence. And the post just helps get rid of such addictions. Food, for example, is a pleasure for many. For such people, abstinence from her if not a feat, then a very big plus, which means that the sense of satisfaction with its own excerpt.
The highest and most important level. The level where a person feels in touch with God. To climb him, it is necessary to update its intention before each day of the post. Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and welcomes, said this:
"If, before the onset of dawn, a person has not been removed to fast, then his post will not start" (Abu Daud)
We reserve our intention daily, and then every day anew configure the post. So, the observance of the post is not limited to the external abstinence from food, but turns into something spiritual. It is at this level that the post clears the souls of people. Hadith:
"Who will fasten to Ramadan sincerely and seeks to get a reward from God, the previous sins will be forgiven."
« Between one and other ramadan - atonement for sins»
Sincere post brings together with the Lord. For him, a special reward is prepared. The Messenger of Allah reported to gates to paradise called Ryan, through which will be passed:
"Ramadan Gate Paradise is open" (Sahih al-Bukhari)
The post initially happens only between man and God, because no one can know for sure that he will fasten. The Prophet Muhammad handed the words of the Lord about this:
"Every deed of Adam's sons for themselves, except fast. Post only for me, and only I will reward it for it. " (Sahih muslim)
The spiritual level, having connected with the rest, changes man from the inside: revives his spirituality and transforms his essence. Such is the great reward for the sincerity of the belief and wearing God in his heart.
On the first day of the new month, after the emergence of a new moon, Muslims are celebrated by Al-Fitr. Early in the morning they make complete ablution, wear better clothes and hurry to a common prayer. Then visit relatives and loved ones. Also on this day, it is customary to file alms in need - al-Fitr coaches (a certain number of the most common in the country of food).
Muslims will fast not only in Ramadan. Six days of the month Shaula., every Monday and Thursday, the ninth and tenth or tenth and eleventh month of Muharram are the days in which it is also advisable to comply with the post. The post on the tenth day of Muharmah is divided by Muslims (Ashura) and Jews (Yom Kipur). To differ from the people of Scripture, the Lord commanded Muslims to fast for two days in a row (and not only this day).
While the post itself is considered one of the best ways to worship in Islam, the continuous observance of the post is rebeling the same as the monasticism, the rite of celibacy or any other form of complete renunciation. Compliance with posts on the days of two holidays - ID al-Fitr, ID al-Adha (sacrifice festival) - strictly prohibited.
Dr. Bilal Philips
The patrimonial feature in the summer is that it falls on the longest day day. So, in Kazan, believers will begin to fast on June 18 at 0.57 and will be finished only at 20.31. For each region, it is set to its time depending on the time of sunrise and sunset. How to prepare for the 20-hour abstinence?
General recommendations are as follows: After sunset, the fasting takes the lightweight food, in two hours before the salary - more dense food. Since the time to talk this year is very limited - about 4.5 hours, which come overnight - it is better to avoid fatty and acute food, which can cause thirst.
Muslims, annually observing the post, notice that it is hard for the first two days, and then the body is rebuilt. The main thing is not to go immediately after Iftar, first eat the dates, drink water, and after a while, go to the main dishes.
In Uraz, give preference to light dishes. Photo: AIF / Alia Sharafutdinova "If you choose correctly, the post is easy to observe. The main thing is to tune in, - says head of the Union of Muslims Tatarstan Naila Zyganshina. "If a person decorates his day with good deeds, he will distract himself from thoughts about food and the day will pass unnoticed."
Naila Khanum advises the time of talking to drink as much as the body requires. The food must be balanced according to the composition: "We at home we add a lot of vegetables and fruits into the diet, eat fish, we prepare meat for a couple. Such nutrition will not cause thirst and stomach disorder. "
"To in the heat during the post, you wanted to drink less, you need less. For example, I don't eat food during the last morning eating, but only drink water. I feel so easier to transfer the post, "says deputy Mufti of Tatarstan Rustam Hazrat Batrews. -
"It is necessary to pray that the Most High relieved the severity of the post," adds Naila Zigrosh. - Last year, the onset of Ramadan stood the heat, and after the collective commitment of prayer, cool weather was established for the whole month. Therefore, I wish everyone to easily facilitate! "
Compliance with the 30-day post is associated with reference to the Quran that in this month Allah across the Archangel Jabrail sent the prophet Mohammed in the form of revelation Koran.
"The post was known to the Arabs even before Islam and was observed not only due to the lack of products, but had a certain religious meaning: it was possible that the Arabs knew about the healing properties of hunger, since all the peoples of thousands of millennia copied knowledge about the human body. This is evidenced by the availability of post in all religions, "says regional and Haji Abdullah Dubin.
Why is the start time of uraces constantly shifting?
Muslim summer is conducted through the lunar calendar, which is shorter than sunny. Therefore, the time of the month of Ramadan and all Muslim holidays is constantly shifted by 10 - 12 days ahead. Thus, for the entire 33-year-old cycle, Muslim passes through all seasonal and hour periods - from the summer to the winter solstice.Uraza is to complete abstinence in the bright time of the day from meals and chewing chews, drinking, smoking, alcohol, sexual relationship. But in addition to bodily cleansing, you need and spiritual.
"This is a chance given to each of us to reflect your morals, to overcome bad habits and lose the grave load of your own sins," says mufti Tatarstan Camille Samigullin. - People relatives close to us, relatives, friends, our neighbors and acquaintances need kind words, help and compassion. Let this month become time for cohesion of hearts, will make us generous and responsive. "
Throughout the sacred month, Ramadan Muslims should not quarrel and argue, testing negative emotions, but should begunny things, to give alms, to help those who need and, of course, pay more attention to prayer. Time prayer for Tatarstan see here.
Ask Most High to facilitate the post. Photo: www.russianlook.com The post is required for all Muslims over 12 years old, with the exception of those who cannot comply with him for valid reasons - illness, pregnancy, deep old age. Islam makes adherence to post only, if it does not harm human health. In the Quran it is indicated that sick, old people, travelers, pregnant women and all those for whom the post in a burden can postpone it until more favorable time. For example, a traveler - before returning home, the patient - to recovery, a pregnant or nursing mother - until the end of the child feeding the baby's breastfeeding period.
If Muslim for some reason held Uraces not completely, he is obliged to compensate the missed days after the end of Ramadan. For each day of the post, missed for health, you can pay fidia - 200 rubles. The size of Fitr Sadaka (gracious talk) This year for Tatarstan residents are set 100 or 500 rubles - how much to pay, the believer chooses himself.
During the sacred month of the Muslim calendar, which is called in Arabic Ramadan, or in Turkish Ramazan, Muslims are obliged to observe a strict post - limit yourself in drinking, eating and intimate proximity.
Following Ramadan rules, mature people refuse their passions. So they are reproached from negative.
Ends the post of the great holiday of Uraza Bayram.
Post. believers check the power of the human spirit. Compliance with Ramadan's rules causes a person to comprehend his lifestyle, helps to determine the main values \u200b\u200bin life.
During Ramadan, Muslim must limit yourself not only in food, but also carnal satisfaction of your needs, as well as other dependencies - for example, smoking. He must learn control yourself, your emotions.
Observing simple rules postEach muslim believer should feel like a poor and starving, since the benefits are often perceived as ordinary.
In Ramadan, it is forbidden to swear. There is an opportunity to help in need, patients and poor. Muslims believe that prayers and monthly abstinence will enrich everyone who follows the dogma of Islam.
There are two main post instructions:
And here are some conditions that a person must be:
There are those who are the post is contraindicated, and they have the right not to abide by him. These are juvenile children, older people and pregnant women, as well as those women who have menstruation, or they are experiencing the time of postpartum cleansing.
Post Ramadan has several traditions
We list the most important:
During the whole Ramadan muslim food intake is held early in the morning, even before dawn. They believe that Allah for such an action will reward very much.
During the traditional Sukhura do not moveBut you should eat enough food. Sujur gives strength for the whole day. It helps Muslims to stay in the mind and not be evil, as often hunger causes anger.
If the believer does not accomplish a tee, then his day of fasting remains in force, but he will not get some reward.
Iftar is evening foodwhich is also performed during the post. You need to start talking immediately after sunset, that is after the last day (or the fourth, the penultimate of the prayer in these days). After IFTAR follows Isha - Night Prayer Muslims (Last of five mandatory daily prayers).
What to eat during Sukhura:
What can not eat during Sukhura
What not to use in the evening after Azana
Despite prohibitions and tough rules, there is also benefit from post:
IN 2015. The post Ramadan will begin on June 18 and will end on July 17.
Here are the following dates of the sacred Ramadan:
2016 year - From June 6 to July 5th.
2017 year - From May 26 to 25 June.
2018 year - From May 17 to June 16.
2019 year - From May 6 to June 5.
2020 year - From April 23 to May 22.
It is worth noting that the rules of the Ramadan post act only during the daytime. Some actions committed during the post are considered prohibited.
The actions, interrupting Muslim Ramadan include:
but condescetently refer to similar actions. Despite similarity, they do not violate post.
They are counted:
Punishment violating the post Ramadan:
Those who unintentionally
violated the post due to the disease, should have a missed day on any other day.
For sexual intercourse, perfect in the day of day, the believer is obliged to defend another 60 days of fasting, or feed 60 in need.
If a pass of the post is allowed by ball , It is necessary to make repentance.
AdvertisingThe sacred ninth month of the Muslim calendar is called Ramadan. In 2018, it begins on the evening of May 15th. This is the ninth month of the Lunar Islamic calendar. The word "Ramadan" in translation from Arabic means "sultry", "hot." This is due to the fact that, as a rule, Ramadan comes in the hot season. For Muslims, this is a holy month of the mandatory post and daily prayers.
Since the Muslim calendar depends on the cycles of the Moon, each year the holy month falls on different dates. In 2018, he will be held from May 17 and until June 16. It is worth noting that according to the Muslim calendar, the new day starts not from midnight, and then when the sun hides behind the horizon. To date, Muslims live in a variety of corners of the globe, so the onset of Ramadan can shift a little over time. At the same time, the word "Ramadan" itself is translated from Arabic as a "scorching" and this is true - the month falls on the hot season.
In Islam, during the post there is two night meals: Sujur - predestinous and Iftar - evening. It is preferably to complete the predestal meal, at least half an hour before dawn, and Iftar needs to start immediately after the evening prayer.
Compliance with these two meals is encouraged by an additional reward, although the pass is not a violation of the post. According to the Quran, the best food for night meals - water and dates.
Pre-regulating trapes
Another Prophet Muhammad spoke of the importance of predestous meals. He said: "Take food before dawn in the days of the post! Truly, in Sukhura - God's grace (praasta)! "
Muslims throughout Ramadan conduct morning meals before dawn. They believe that for such an action Allah will reward very much. You should not overeat during Sukhura, but you should eat enough food - it gives forces for a whole day.
Evening Trapeza
For the evening reception, you need to proceed immediately after sunset, that is, after the fourth, the penultimate prayer on these days.
IHA - Night Prayer - the last of five mandatory daily prayers, follows after IFTAR. Doctors do not recommend missing, it may well affect the body.
At this time, Muslim believers hold the post. It is very important! During the post, no physical cleansing occurs, how much and spiritual, every Muslim becomes closer to Allah. This month is the most important thing for the Muslim world and revered. At this time, Muslims rethink their lives, their actions, are not distracted by entertainment and physical satisfaction, they have time to think about the future, about the strength of their faith, think about the bad features of their nature, try to find ways to change yourself for the better. That is why during the post a believer Muslim observes the following things:
At the same time, during the daytime, believing Muslims are allowed to brush their teeth, but so that the water does not fall into the mouth cavity, you can kiss close people, you can swim, donate blood or to make injections if it is extremely necessary.
