During summer holidays, people are often exposed to sunburn. Not every person seeks to protect the skin while swimming in the sea and reservoirs. The reason for this is the desire to gain a tan in a short period of time. As a result of such actions, people encourage themselves to flour. If you allowed a similar situation, you need to act correctly. Consider everything in order.
Before the holidays in the hot season, try to avoid sunburn. So you will kill yourself and the body of unnecessary stress. Wear the right clothes, on the beach Always use the means of directional action. Drink more purified water and natural juices. Do not neglect practical recommendations to continue to prevent such situations.
Summer bright sun can become not only a source of luxurious bronze tan. Sun burn face is dangerous by their consequences. The emergence of pigmentation, moles, the development of painful sensitivity. Timely treatment will avoid unpleasant phenomena, quickly restoring the properties of the skin.
The sun's rays in small quantities are necessary to maintain human health. Thanks to ultraviolet, the processes of metabolism are improved, immune properties increase, restored sleep rhythm. The growth of bacteria, fungi, pathogenic microflora is suppressed, the blood flow and supply of cover with nutrients are activated. Under the influence of the Sun, the vitamin D is synthesized for the musculoskeletal system. But the excess of irradiation rate leads to the destruction of the protective properties of the skin, its damage.
This is one of the types of radiation burns, due to the effects of aggressive short-wave radiation. Amazes basically the upper layers of the epidermis. The effect of rays with a long range destroys collagen, the thickness and structure of the skin varies. Solar burn is an inflammatory process resulting from natural or artificial radiation.
The sun burn is dangerous to the gradual manifestation. If, with other types of skin burns, signs are manifested immediately, then the effects of ultraviolet exposure are noticeable after 12-24 hours. The most aggressive sunlight is late in the spring and early summer in the intervals from 11 pm to 16 hours. The degree of lesion from the individual structure of the skin, susceptibility to the solar rays.
Symptoms:
Important Council from the editorial
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Sunburns accompanied by redness pass without consequences for several days. Under the influence of rays, benign neoplasms, moles, ribbed stains often appear. There is a manifestation of erythema, a face and body is covered with red and pink spots of various sizes. Under adverse working conditions, life, regular influence of aggressive factors, with time, benign education can be transformed into malignant. With frequent solar burns from natural and artificial sources, the risk of skin cancer has occurred. Excessive rudeness of the tan can lead to dryness, wrinkle, premature aging of the skin.
Upon receipt of heavy solar burns, wounds, burns, cracks are often formed, you can encounter an edema, blisters. Restoration of covers requires a long period, the use of medicines. The consequences may be inflammatory and infectious diseases that require drug therapy.
- Effective remedy for solar burns, based on pantothenic acid. Due to the use of skin regeneration. It is well absorbed by the epidermis, it causes acceleration of tissue updates. Speak dryness, feeling of depth, inflammation, redness. It has a light cooling effect, removes painful sensitivity. Cost 150 ml of about 95 p.
- Released in the form of ointments, gel, active substance - dialyzat of the blood of milk calves. It is an active skin regeneration stimulator. It has anti-inflammatory, moisturizing and rejuvenating effect. It helps to quickly remove painful sensitivity, cope with peeling, ethnicity. Promotes the saturation of cells with oxygen and nutrients. Stimulates the synthesis of collagen, restores capillaries. Cost 5 gr. - 400 r.
- It has antifungal and antimicrobial properties. It is used to treat solar burns of varying degrees. It is recommended to prevent infection of the affected areas. Does not damage the cells of the epidermis. You can purchase 50 ml in 210 p.
- Contains lipids of milk, beeswax, sea buckthorn concentrate, tea tree ester, vitamin E. ointment helps to burn burns, activates tissue regeneration, has moisturizing properties. Removes dryness, irritation, covers the skin with a protective film. Removes painful sensations, softens, does not irritate the epidermis. Price 30 grams. 164 p.
The face after sunburn needs long restoration. Even if the external signs - redness, inflammation passed, often appear by side effects. Pigment stains, premature wrinkles, dryness and sensitivity of covers - the main consequences of the aggressive impact of ultraviolet.
Rare from painful sensitivity, quickly restore the cover of a mask from sunburn. It will also allow to remove extended pores, remove redness, will provide deep nutrition, moisturizing. Thanks to the application, it will be possible to avoid the appearance of freckles and moles.
Oatmeal is crushed at a coffee grinder, pour boiling water before receiving Cashitz, leave for 10 minutes. After, with the help of a whisk, mix with sour cream, add vitamin E. put a mask for 5 minutes cool, after acknowledged the amazed covers with a thick layer. Top to put a wet compress to avoid drying. Leave for 30-40 minutes, repeat the mask 2 times a day for 5-7 days.
Reduce pain, speed up the renewal of burnt leather, soften the natural cream affected by the epidermis. Treatment at home will allow you to avoid dryness, appearance of wrinkles, peeling.
The bee wax is crushed on the grater, put on a water bath, not forgetting constantly stirring. When the wax starts to melt, introduce nutrient oils, the mass should be homogeneous. The resulting liquid is to pour into a clean, dry cosmetic jar, leave thickening. Before applying the shovel, measure the desired amount, warm in the palms, after a thin layer to smear the face. Use the cream in the morning and in the evening for a week.
If the face erased, the temperature rose, it is possible to treat natural methods. Folk recipes will remove heat and painful sensitivity, cells will be poured with nutrient elements. Epidermis protective barriers are restored, update processes are accelerated.
Raw green tea, leave for half an hour to appease. Prepare and strain chamomile decoction. Then add aloe juice and phanthane pantothenic acid. Mocked in the finished liquid is a thin towel, attach to the face, keep around half an hour, after apply a moisturizing cream. Repeat the procedure 2-3 times a day before the removal of the wretchedness.
To avoid the manifestation of solar burns, it is important to immediately take care of the condition of the skin. Also in the following days, you need to pay attention to food, compliance with the water regime.
Prevention of sunburns:
It is better to warn the burning to protect the covers from premature aging, dermatological problems. Solar burn, like a thermal strike, can be obtained from 11 to 16 hours, after ultraviolet is not dangerous for the skin. Be sure to use sunscreen with a high protection factor.
Consultation of a specialist is necessary with long and slow recovery of skin. With small redness, you can cope with yourself at home.
You need to contact the doctor if:
If you have a sun burn from a child, you must refer to the doctor. Especially dangerous consequences of ultraviolet exposure for kids up to 3 years. Children's skin is much thinner, more sensitive to the influence of aggressive factors, therefore the degree of lesion is often higher than in adults. The doctor will recommend effective means for local applications, adjusts the power mode, prescribe antipyretic drugs. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the lesion of the skin.
"Article author: Veronika Belova": He graduated with honors from the Academy of the Beauty Industry "Lokon". Mother of a beautiful child. I love to experiment, constantly trying various means, masks (including cooking with your own hands), techniques that can make us beautiful and healthy.
Sunburns appear as a result of the impact of invisible eye and the most dangerous of the solar spectrum of ultraviolet rays. Such burns are varying degrees - from easy redness and insignificant swelling to the formation of multiple and extensive blisters filled with yellowish transparent contents, and the subsequent "creation" of the skin (the upper layer - epidermis). With minor burns, there may be a feeling that the skin is "tightened", dryness and itching is felt in the damage zone, pain in touching, chills. With severe sunny burns, the soreness is large, the general condition suffers. Usually these symptoms appear in those parts of the body that are not protected by clothing.At the initial stage of the sun burn, the skin begins to blush 2-6 hours after staying under the sun, irritation appears. The peak of manifestation of symptoms of burning occurs after 12-24 hours.
But it is necessary to understand that, not all redness of the skin is a sign of sunburn. For example, such a picture can sometimes be observed: under the influence of ultraviolet rays and minor injuries on the skin, bubbles, erosion and even surface ulcers begin to appear. In this case, it is necessary to consult a doctor so that it eliminates the late skin porphyria is a specific disease that is manifested as a result of a lack of vitamin RR in the body. Porphyrins accumulated in the skin as a result of improper metabolism in the liver are photosensitizers (substances that enhance the sensitivity of the skin to the sun rays). In the diagnosis of this disease, urine analysis helps (conclusion is fashionable to do even with a simple visual inspection - in such people urine pink-red due to a large number of waterproofers in it).
However, the described diseases are just a fraction of the percent in the entire number of symptoms typical of the average solar burn of varying severity. In the absolute majority of cases, we are dealing with the traditional consequences of the abuse of the Sun. And if it came to those, it is necessary to take action.
First, let's talk about how to remove the sunny burn (or rather, to alleviate the unpleasant feeling of burning and remove the first symptoms) right on the spot, using what is at hand. By the way, so that at hand it turned out to be the most necessary, you need to take care of this in advance.
If your skin suffered from the sun, the first thing you should take care is about the shelter. The best thing - enter the room. If it is impossible - covered with clothes, minimally transmitting ultraviolet. Some experts recommend to wear spacious cotton clothes, moistened in cold water, or hide a wet beach towel.
After that, to cool the skin and reduce painful sensations, it should be attached to the burntable place cool compress. If an extensive sunburn is obtained (in other words, you burned entirely), you can stand under the cool shower. And even better - to lie down in a cool bath. The main thing about it is not to injure the skin too strong jets and rigid washbasin.
The most popular (and, perhaps, the safest) tools of first aid with unlock burns are: sour cream, kefir, sour milk, oak bark, chamomile or hunter, boiled tea, raw potatoes, aloe juice, etc., but sometimes it is easier to get to Pharmacies than to the listed products. And in particularly severe cases without a pharmacy and a visit to the doctor just can not do.
Indeed, the first actions are largely dependent on the severity of skin damage. If we are talking about strong burning, in which it also znobit, sick, consciousness is becoming better to consult a doctor or homeopath. If there are no in the area of \u200b\u200breach, you can take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory means (paracetamol, ibuprofen) or aspirin - the drug from the group of salicylate. But this is for those who prefer to solve problems with the help of traditional medicine, aware of all the consequences of medication treatment. This also includes a hydrocortisone ointment, which quickly relieves pain and redness. But deciding to use this or a similar preparation containing hormones, it is better to preliminarily consult with the doctor.
Very effective in the treatment of sun burns is homeopathy. Usually, homeopathic preparations are selected in accordance with the individual characteristics of each particular person. They quickly stop intoxication and skin reaction. Well-being improved immediately, even in severe cases, and for 2-3 days, general symptoms of the disease become almost inconspicuous, the inflammation of the skin passes, and its damaged upper layers are sprinkling unnoticed for the victim.
From cosmetics, to one degree or another shooting symptoms of solar burns and helping regeneration and skin restoration, can be called spray and Cream "Panthenol", Aloe Vera gel, cream Eveline S.O.S. From solar burns, balms La Roche-Posay Cicaplast and "Rescuer". Reviews for this cosmetics can be found in.
After the first help was rendered, the question arises: how and how to treat solar burns further? How to restore the condition of your skin so that the burn did not get out of you "sideways"? And this is quite real: After deep burns, the skin copes poorly with the protective function and often in these places it becomes more sluggish and flake, loses the tone, wrinkles may begin on it. Therefore, reducing procedures should be given due attention.
Let's start with the fact that burning from the Sun, depending on the degree of its gravity and the funds you use, can pass from 2-3 to 5-10 days, passing more or less noticeable for you and others. Question: How and what can you influence?
First, on the duration of the painful sensations and the period of skin restoration. On how to remove pain, it was described above. But most importantly, what should be remembered: after receiving the sun burn, the Sun will have to be avoided, and when entering the street to protect the skin by all available means (closed clothes made of natural fabrics, an umbrella against sunlight, a headdress, a tanning agent with a high protection factor). Be sure to continue to moisturize the skin with natural antioxidants and vitamins, such as hyaluronic acid, cactus or aloe extracts, gamamamelis, sea buckthorn, green tea, ginko bilobo, rosemary, etc. From vitamins, vitamin C and Retinol are excellent.
Secondly, the degree and rate of leather exfoliation. When used, as well as filming cosmetic drugs and procedures, the skin is exfoliated and is less noticeable. And for processing young skin, use the decoction or infusion of Echinacea.
In addition, in both cases listed above, you can accelerate the process, helping the body to fight with free radicals from the inside. To do this, add preparations and products that contain antioxidants for their disposal. The most effective (and for someone - and delicious) are pomegranate juice and green tea. They both possess an anti-inflammatory effect and contain a very large amount of antioxidants. Also, antioxidants in sufficient quantities are contained in other fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts and legumes.
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The first signal of the body when receiving a solar strike is redness, in cases of complications, bubbles with liquid are noticeable. A person feels common fatigue, malaise. In this case, it is necessary to react urgently, to know about help, means to help.
Sunny Burn 1 degree
Most often manifest in the form of easy redness, with complications, bubbles with liquid are observed. It is important to take into account not only the depth of the defeat, but also its scale.
Symptoms characteristic of this situation appear after 12 hours. For the correct, most effective treatment should be paid for help. Dangerous symptoms of burns appear in the form:
Important! In serious lesions, inpatient treatment is appointed.
Sunburn 2 degree
It includes the use of droppers with special saline solutions. Their use has a positive effect on the body, replenishes the lost moisture during dehydration. Possible preparations, relieve pain, uncomfortable symptoms. In cases of existence of obvious complications, antibiotics apply to the appointment of a doctor.
If the burn is light, it will pass in an independent way for 2 to 3 days. Exfoliation, hyperemia will disappear after a week.
Severe skin seals
With light lesions, small redness buy a remedy for sunburns in a pharmacy. They can be divided into several groups.
Panthenol from burns
Among the forms of funds of funds after sunburn, the spray is most effective, which is evenly distributed on the affected area. Depending on the skin, the means combines.
Ointment Salkoseril
Safe, comfortable when used in everyday life folk remedies from sunburn. Allocate several of the most popular options.
Milk products. To remove the inflammatory process, redness of the skin is used acid - dairy food. Their composition contains protein, which when interacting creates a protective barrier. Therefore, in order to moisture, minimizing the evaporation of moisture there are no equal to this product.
Raw potatoes from burns
In therapeutic purposes use potatoes. Allocate several options for its application:
Available aloe juice. Damaged areas are lubricated with juice and water, proportions 1: 1 are observed. Use the napkins using the tool. Apply from 2 times daily.
Another homemade tool from solar burns is compresses from tea. Its use favorably affects well-being, relieves pain, itching. For a positive result, apply compresses 3 times daily for half an hour. To prepare therapeutic welding prepare loose tea, brew half an hour. As prophylaxis, the skin is lubricated with a strong welding. This procedure will protect the skin damage.
Aloe juice for lubrication burns
Herbal decoctions from wooden bark. For these purposes, daisy, calendula, St. John's wort, Ivan are also used. Select the following preparation recipes:
In the hot season, everyone is close to the problem of sunburn. They are distinguished by their depth, the scale of the defeat.
For the removal of symptoms characteristic of such a state, a number of funds apply. In complications, you should seek help from a specialist who will prescribe the drug you need. In case of complications, the patient passes the course of treatment inpatient.
With light burns, the remedies are used, recipes of traditional medicine.
Choose the option that is suitable for you. In addition, remember the preventive measures and the rules of a safe tan.
Melanin is a pigment of dark color produced in melanocytes - protective cells of the skin. These cells are located in the lowest ( basal) Epidermis layer. Melanocytes produce melanin, so that it penetrates keratinocytes and protected them from direct ultraviolet radiation. The presence of melanin in skin cells determines the intensity of the tanning and affects the skin color. The greater the skin of melanin, the more it is darker ( either looks tanned - it all depends on race).
Vitamin D - biologically active substance regulating phosphorous calcium exchange. This vitamin is special, as it compared to other vitamins ( for example, with vitamin A, B, C, etc.), mainly synthesized in the body and, in particular, in the skin, and does not enter it with food products ( with the exception of some types of products - eggs, milk, the liver of halibut and cod, fish oil, etc.). The formation of vitamin d in the skin occurs under the action of ultraviolet radiation. This vitamin regulates the absorption in the intestines and excretion with the urine of phosphorus and calcium and therefore affects their concentration in the body.
Involitionation of the required amount of ultraviolet radiation leads to the appearance of the so-called light starvation ( ultraviolet starvation), due to the disadvantage of vitamin D in the body. Light hunger is characterized by a decrease in total resistance ( sustainability) the body, slowdown in the mental development of children, violation of the ossification of bones and teeth, the appearance of spontaneous bleeding, a decrease in mental performance, a pathological reduction of skeletal muscles.
Ultraviolet radiation is the main harmful factor in the action of sunlight on the human skin and serves the main cause of the development of pathologies with the excessive finding of a person under the open sun.
Ultraviolet radiation can cause the following skin pathology:
Freckles are a kind of skin hyperpigmentation, in which certain areas of the body ( face, brushes, forearm) Multiple, minor pigment spots appear. These stains have a rounded shape, light yellow, brown or dark brown. As a rule, they are present from birth and not all people. Their number directly depends on the duration of the person under the sunny rays. The most often freckles appear in persons having light skin and hair, as well as blue eyes.
Melama is a pathology for which uneven hyperpigmentation at certain areas of the skin of the face ( lips, cheeks, back of the nose, forehead, etc.), less often in the area of \u200b\u200bthe neck. Unlike freckles, with melasm, pigmented zones have wider distribution and less decorated borders. The occurrence of melasma is associated not only with the effect of solar ultraviolet radiation and genetic predisposition, but also with the use of photosensitizing agents, mainly cosmetic used women in the process of care for their skin.
A man with sunshine herodormia looks greatly older than his years due to excessive amounts of wrinkles and dry skin. This disease most often appears in men who are in mountain and tropical areas with light skin and hair and exposed to their daily activities to the long-term exposure to sunlight. This is usually found in sailors, builders, farmers, athletes, fishermen, etc. The degree of severity of solar herodermia is also directly dependent on the total dose of solar radiation obtained during the life and the presence of a tan.
Premature skin aging ( solar Herodermia) There may also arise in women conducting most of their free time in the open air ( for the purpose of Zagara) On various mountain and beach resorts.
Depending on the pathogenetic mechanism(development mechanism) Skin inflammations The following types of photodermatosis are distinguished:
Types of phototraumatic photodermatosis
| Type of photodermatosis | The reason for its appearance | Characteristic symptoms |
| Sunburn
(sunny dermatitis) | Long exposure to direct sunlight on the skin. | Limited erythema ( redness) And the swelling of irradiated leather, sometimes pain, itching, an increase in the temperature of the skin and the body as a whole. Dizziness, headache, nausea, weakness, disaggeasing disability can also develop. |
| Pellagra | Disadvantage in the body of vitamin RR ( nicotine Acid or Niacin), Amino acids tryptophan and action on the skin of ultraviolet rays. | The clinical picture of Pellagra is characterized by the appearance of pronounced dermatitis ( skin inflammation), as well as the presence of gastrointestinal ( nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, tongue swelling, cracks in the corners of the mouth, etc.) and neurological disorders ( dementia, depression, feeling of fear, psychosis, hallucination, etc.). The ingress of ultraviolet radiation on the skin of patients with pellagra, causes them the appearance of severe redness ( from cherry to red-brown) and skin edema ( dermatitis). Redness ( erythema) The skin is often combined with a pronounced peeling, the appearance of bubbles, cracks, scars and ulcers on it. |
| Blum syndrome | Congenital genetic anomaly associated with the presence of high instability in the genetic apparatus of skin cells. The impact of ultraviolet rays causes instant damage to skin cells. | The presence of erymetric ( red) Bashes on the skin in contact with straight sunshine. It is usually observed on face, hands, neck, legs. Erytematous ( red) rash is very often combined with hyperpigmentation ( the appearance of brown spots on the skin), keratosis ( peeling), a decrease in the body's immune protection and some anomalies of development ( hypogonadism, a narrow face, protruding nose and ears, underdevelopment of the lower jaw, etc.). |
Photo allergic photodermatosis
Photo-allergic photodermatoses are due to the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the skin, in which there are certain photosensitizing chemicals, that is, substances that enhance the effect of sunlight onto the skin. Such substances can be exogenous ( external) and endogenous ( internal) Connections. Exogenous substances penetrate the skin from the external environment. They may be the components of cosmetic, detergents, drugs. Endogenous means fall into the skin with blood flow. Usually, they are some drugs ( for example, sulfonamides, barbiturates, etc.). Rightly, the cause of these photodermatosis can be poisoning tetraethylswin, contact with chromium salts.
The mechanism for the development of photo allergic photodermatosis is associated with the fact that the ingress of ultraviolet rays on the skin causes photochemical reactions, in the process of which the above-mentioned photosensitizing agents interact and are connected to the skin structures. So the alien molecules are obtained with which their own immune cells interact. With a repeated collision of the immune system with these alien substances ( for example, when reducing sulfanimamides, barbituratesAllergic reactions arise. Most often, photo-allergic photodermatoses are characterized by the appearance on the skin of the solar urticaria ( red blisters), solar eczema ( redness of skin with swelling) and Sunny Prurigo ( nodel shiders).
Photodynamic photodermatosis
Photosensitizing substances participate in the development of photodynamic photodermatosis. With these pathologies of skin, photosensitizing substances also indirectly provoke skin inflammation, as in photo-allergic photodermatoses. However, the effect of these substances in this case is due to the fact that they are able to increase the effects of the ultraviolet radiation falling on the skin, so that it begins much more and more detrimental to act on the skin.
Fogging into the skin of photosensitizing substances and the development of photodynamic photodermatosis is often associated with the presence of diseases in humans characterized by the violation of the exchange of porphyrins ( part of hemoglobin) so-called Porphyry ( hepatic, erythropoietic porphyria). Another common reason for the appearance of photodynamic photodermatosis is the use of some drugs ( for example, methotrexate, tolbaticamide, amitriptyline, indomethacin, fluorouracil, promethazine, vinblastine, etc.). Dermatosis data can also cause various vegetable oils ( sandalwood, lemon, bergamot, lime, cedar, etc.), part of personal hygiene and cosmetics objects.
Clinical manifestations of photodynamic photodermatosis are always individual and depend on the genetic predisposition and the number of photosensitizing agent penetrated into the skin. Most often in such patients after the use of any photosensitizer ( photosensitizing substance) on the skin ( on that of her part where sun rays fall) Redness arises ( erythema), swelling, itching and a feeling of tingling. In severe cases, peeling, papules, cracks, erosion, bubbles, epidermis detonation may occur. It is worth noting that not for each person the same substance may be photosensitizing.
Strong photodermatosis
Frequency photodermatosis are due to the prolonged effect of ultraviolet radiation on the skin. They are represented by actinic paracratosis and solar keratosis ( aktinic keratosis). Both are characterized by the appearance on the skin of multiple, small hyperkeratostous ( strongly peeling) Hearts with a high degree of peeling. With an external inspection, such foci is similar to peeling, dry, limited spots having pinkish brown and dimensions from 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter.
Solar burn ( sunny dermatitis) - acute inflammatory pathology, appearing in open areas of the skin after entering them natural ( in the composition of sunlight) or artificial ultraviolet radiation. Externally, sunburn looks like strictly limited redness ( erythema) Skin. Skin cover can be eaten, painful, sometimes in the affected area there may be a burning, itching and tingling. With long-term depression under the sun in Erythema, other signs of skin lesions may occur ( bubbles, vesicles, etc.), testifying to the more severe flow of the inflammatory process. Solar burns on the skin irradiated with ultraviolet rays does not develop immediately, and after some time ( usually after 3 - 12 hours after its irradiation) and disappears also suddenly, as it appeared, due to the regenerating ( self-leveling) The ability of the skin. Solar burn is never accompanied by a rash ( papula, plaque) Unlike photo-allergic photodermatosis. Sunny dermatitis can be associated with various signs of intoxication, such as headaches, dizziness, an increase in body temperature, nausea.
It is worth noting the fact that after sunburn, in most cases, only the peeling of the skin is observed due to the desquamation of damaged epidermis, and the skin pigmentation does not occur, that is, the tan is not formed. In some cases, after exposure to ultraviolet radiation, partial skin pigmentation may occur, but this is not a consequence of the mining melanocytes of melanin, and the result of them ( melanocyte) Approximation to the surface of the skin due to the destruction of more surface layers of the epidermis.
Sunlight in its spectrum has ultraviolet radiation of three types of waves ( long wave, medium-wave and shortworn). Sunburns on the skin are formed precisely under the action of the middlewall ultraviolet. Such radiation is also called ultraviolet type in ( UVB rays). It has electromagnetic waves with a length of 280 - 315 nm.
The mechanism for the development of sunburn under the action of average-wave ultraviolet radiation is associated with its high energy and the degree of penetration into the thickness of the skin. When it gets into the skin, a large number of photodicals are formed inside the skin ( toxic exchange products), having a damaging effect on the membranes of epidermis cells, as a result of which they are violated ( membranes) Permeability. This leads to gradual and partial cell death, which explains the peeling of the skin after sunburn.
Erythema appearance ( redness) The skin under the action of this type of ultraviolet occurs due to the fact that the products of cell destruction, as well as photoeodicals stimulate the cells of the immune system, which are released, in the process of immune response inflammatory substances ( prostaglandins, kinins, histamine, acetylcholine, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, etc.). A large release of these substances leads to a local expansion and an increase in the permeability of the walls of small arterial vessels of the skin, which is accompanied by an increase in the inflow of arterial blood to damaged tissues of the skin and the development of edema and hyperemia ( or Erythema).
Middle-wave ultraviolet radiation has not only harmful effects on the skin. It is due to this type of radiation in the skin of a person, vitamin D. It is often used in physiotherapy to stimulate exchange and immune processes in the skin, its anesthesia and in order to achieve an anti-inflammatory effect in certain diseases of the skin.
Long-wave ( UVA raysradiation with wavelengths from 315 and up to 400 nm) penetrates the skin together with the average waist radiation in the composition of sunlight. It stimulates melanogenesis ( education of melanin in melanocytes), as well as a harmful factor provoking the development of solar allergies, malignant neoplasms, skin aging. Therefore, this type of solar radiation is considered the most harmful and dangerous for human skin.
Shortwave ( UVC rays) ultraviolet radiation ( radiation with wavelengths from 100 and to 280 nm) It does not reach the earth's surface, as it is absorbed by the earth's atmosphere. Therefore, such an ultraviolet does not fall into the skin when a person is under the action of direct sunlight. This radiation is often used in physiotherapeutic purposes ( that is, artificial radiation sources are used to generate it.), due to the fact that it has high bactericidal ( killing microbes), mycoocidal ( killing fungal infections), immunostimulating, metabolic ( stimulating exchange reactions) Effects.
Despite the fact that the sensitivity to ultraviolet rays in various people is always individual, the speed and intensity of the development of solar burns on the skin is always subject to certain patterns, which are due to the presence of certain predisposing factors.
There are the following basic predisposing factors that accelerate the appearance of sunburns on the skin and increase their intensity:
The skin of the remaining three phototypes is sufficiently resistant ( stable) To the action of ultraviolet radiation, and therefore people having such skin, it is easily transferred and they rarely have sunburns. The skin of the last three phototypes sunk less or does not light up.
Main phototypes skin
| Name of phototype skin | Alternative Title Title Skin | Color of the skin | Additional features of this photoType | Predisposition to sunburn burns |
| First Phototype | Celtic Phototype | Milk-white leather with lots of freckles | Light or redhead hair, light blue or light green eyes | Very high predisposition |
| Second phototype | Aryan phototyp | Light pink leather with a small amount of freckles ( or freckles are absent at all) | Light, blonde or brown hair, eyes of blue or green | High predisposition |
| Third phototyp | Middle Eastern Phototype | Light darkness ( ivory) Leather | Light brown hair and light brown eyes | Medium predisposition |
| Fourth Phototype | Mediterranean phototype | Dark dark skin | Dark brown eyes and dark brown hair | Low predisposition |
| Fifth phototyp | Indonesian Phototype | Yellow-brown leather | Dark brown eyes and dark brown or black hair | |
| Sixth PhotoTip | African phototype | Black skin | Very low predisposition |
The degree and rate of burning of burns in artificial irradiation depends on the duration of contact with the source of harmful radiation, as well as the length of the electromagnetic waves, which reproduces this source. As mentioned above, average canal ultraviolet radiation - this radiation can cause sunburn - Erithema ( redness) On the skin, and the radiation itself is a combination of electromagnetic waves with a wavelength range from 280 to 315 nanometers. In this range, each wavelength has a different ability to cause erythym ( skin burns). This ability is called erymetric efficiency. Knowing this fact is very significant, since under normal conditions, the sources of artificial radiation generate average-wave ultraviolet radiation with certain wavelengths, that is, monochromatic radiation.
ERICTE EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT SIGNS OF MONOCHROMATIC UV RADIATION
| Wave length of ultraviolet radiation in nanometers | ERICTER EFFICIENCY |
| 280 | 0 |
| 285 | 0,09 |
| 289 | 0,25 |
| 290 | 0,31 |
| 292 | 0,70 |
| 295 | 0,98 |
| 297 | 1,00 |
| 300 | 0,83 |
| 302 | 0,55 |
| 305 | 0,33 |
| 310 | 0,11 |
| 313 | 0,03 |
| 315 | 0,01 |
The ozone layer is very well delays solar ultraviolet rays of types with ( shortwave) and in ( middle-wave). There are geographic locations ( places), where the thickness of this layer is much thinner than in all other areas of the Earth, therefore it is precisely in them you can get stronger solar burns for a less long time. These locations are the land zones ( for example, Peru, Chile, Cuba, Botswana, Angola, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Brazil, etc.), lying between 35 degrees of the northern latitude and 35 degrees of southern latitude. The ozone layer is also very thin over large industrial cities, where many different chemicals are distinguished into the atmosphere ( tetrachlorouprid, tetrafluoroethane, trichlorofluoromethane, methylbromide, etc.) capable of destroying it.
Skin area is very big.
Gradual increase in solar activity by noon ( and falling him in the evening) is explained by various angles of falling sunlight on the surface of the Earth ( and on the skin). In the morning, when the sun can be seen on the horizon, the sun rays fall on the ground ( on that of her part we see) under an acute angle. By noon, when the standing height over the horizon reaches its apogee, the sun's rays fall on the surface of the earth ( and on the skin) Almost at right angles. The intensity of solar ultraviolet radiation falling on the skin at a right angle will always be greater than the intensity of the same radiation falling onto the skin under an acute angle.
It is worth noting that sunlight usually do not let the clouds localized in the lower tier ( i.e. located closer to the surface of the earth) - layered rain, layered-cumulus. The remaining types of clouds ( pirish, high-alone, peristo-layered, etc.), which are above, most often passed the sun rays ( at a certain height of the sun over the horizon).
The emergence and increase in the emergence of solar burns on the skin can be facilitated by the following drugs:
There are two main types of skin protection from sunburn. The first type is the use of a variety of sunscreens ( sunscreen creams, canopies, clothing, etc.), which in one way or another can minimize the effect of ultraviolet onto human skin. The second type of protection against adverse solar radiation is the time that includes the concept of moderation of stay under the sun and the optimal insolation time. The following main types of prevention tools from solar burns are distinguished:
All sunscreens on the mechanism of their action are divided into screens and filters. Screens are photoprotectors, the main active substance of which mineral components are ( zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, etc.). The protective effect of screens is repulsive ( reflection) From the surface of the skin of ultraviolet rays. This type of sunscreen is considered to be more bad compared to filters, since when they are ( screens) Use part of the ultraviolet nevertheless penetrates the skin.
Filters are photoprotective agents that have chemicals in their composition capable of absorbing ultraviolet radiation that falls on the skin. The composition of these ( filters) Sunscreen can include para -aminobenzoic acid, autobenzon, salicylates ( homosalat, salol, octyltriasone, octylsalicylate, etc.), benzophenones ( oxybenzon and others.), cinnamata ( okokrylene, ethylhexylmetoxycinnamate, etc.) and etc.
Available on sale sunscreens can separately protect the skin from the action of average-wave ( ultraviolet type B.) or long-wave ( ultraviolet type A.) ultraviolet radiation. There are also photo protector with a combined effect ( i.e. protect the skin and from A and from in ultraviolet).
Learn from what kind of ultraviolet protects this or that sunscreen is very simple. You just need to look at the packaging. Photoprotectors that protect the skin from sunburns ( that is, from average canvas ultraviolet radiation), have a letter designation SPF on the packaging and after it is a certain digit. Sunscale products that only ppd letters are on the package ( persistent Pigment Darkening), Protect the skin only from long-wave ultraviolet rays and do not protect the skin from solar burns. If SPF and PPD are present on the package, this sunscreen protects the skin and from A and from in ultraviolet.
So, all sunscreen having a SPF marking protect the skin from solar burns. SPF ( sun Protective Factor) Is the relationship between the minimum dose of ultraviolet radiation capable of entry ( redness) On the skin when applied to it, sunscreen and the minimum dose of ultraviolet causing erythym, but without using the photo protector. In other words, this indicator indicates the degree of skin protection ( and not for a possible duration of stay under the sun) When using this sunscreen from medium-wave ultraviolet radiation. This degree in SPF is quantitatively numbered from 1 to 100. The larger the digit, the more powerful protection against the middlewall ultraviolet.
Classification of photo prototypes according to the degree of protection
| Degree of protection of the skin | Numeric valueSPF. |
| Maximum protection |
|
| Increased protection |
|
| High defense |
|
| Moderate defense |
|
| Minimum defense |
|
In order not to get a sunny burn, it is necessary not only to apply photo prototypes to the skin, but also know the basic principles of their proper use.
There are the following basic principles of the rational use of sunscreen:
Clean skin
Before applying sunscreen to the skin, you should make sure that it is dry and clean. You do not need to use different cosmetics, which disinfect, nourish, tone and moisturize the skin and others.
Preliminary application
The sunscreen must be applied to the skin in advance, preferably in 20 - 30 minutes before the moment the contact between it and ultraviolet rays will occur.
The bigger, the better
Each time in front of contact with sunbeams, it is recommended to apply as much sunscreen to the skin. It is done, not to increase the duration of protection, and then to accurately ensure uniform protection of various parts of the body and be sure that it does not burn.
Periodic application
During the entire period of stay under sunshine, sunscreen should be periodically used. At the same time, it is not necessary to hardly rub them into the skin for better protection. On average, it is recommended to apply each new portion of the photo protector every 1.5 - 2 hours. Do not forget that the sunscreen must be applied again and after wiping the skin with a towel or after bathing ( despite the fact that on the packaging the means is written "Waterproof" or "Water Resistant").
Transition from a large SPF to a small
When using sunscreens also recommended the principle of smooth transition from large SPF values \u200b\u200bto smaller. This is justified in cases where the skin did not continue to contact with a large amount of ultraviolet for a long period of time and is not prepared for high radial load. For example, when arrival for summer holidays on the seashore after a long and cold winter and spring. Staying considerable time in the sun every day, it is worth decreasing the value of SPF ( with maximum and high to medium values) As the skin is tanning.
It is worth noting that this principle is recommended to persons who have the third and fourth phototypes of the skin. It does not fully relate to people with the first and second phototypes of the skin. They always need to use sunscreen with the maximum ( 50+ ) Degree of protection. The use of this principle of those whose fifth and sixth phototypes are not particularly significant, since they have skin less sensitive from birth to ultraviolet rays.
Critical zones
When applying sunscreen on the skin, special attention should be paid to those places that are more sensitive ( for example, leather belly, loin, chest, back, neck, face) To the action of the average waist ultraviolet. It is also necessary to know that the skin of various anatomical formations protruding on the surface of the body ( nose, shoulders, cheekbones, ears, etc.) It is strongly exposed to risk of developing sunburn.
People with the third and fourth phototypes can be under the sun longer ( from 10 and to 60 minutes). The presence of fifth and sixth phototypes allows their owners to contact with solar rays for more than 60 minutes due to the presence of a huge number of melanin and melanocytes in their skin. It is worth noting that, despite the high protection of the skin, the face with dark skin can also burn in the sun, so do not need to abuse the time of stay under sunlight.
The time of staying on the Sun largely depends on the measures that a person takes to protect his skin, that is, from what sunscreen it uses and how high quality and quantitatively it uses it. Do not forget that it is possible to get a sunny burn much faster if you have long to stay in the same position for a long time. Such, for example, often happens when a person during the rest on the beach falls asleep for a while.
At the possible time of staying in the Sun also affects a lot of predisposing factors, which we were talking about a little higher ( climate and season, daily time, condition of cloud cover, reception of drugs, elevation of space above sea level, etc.). Therefore, to say a specific concrete person about the exact time, during which it can be under the action of sunlight, it is not possible.
Based on all above, we can conclude that it is always, before going to the street for a long time, under the open sunny sky, it is worth using sunscreen to prevent the development of sunny burn. This is especially true of those people who belong to the first, second and third phototypes.
In the second place, damaged skin must be treated with local (drugs in the form of ointments, creams, sprays) antihistamine and anti-inflammatory (local glucocorticoids) by means. This will help reduce redness, swelling and painful sensations in the focus of inflammation, which appeared against the background of sunburn. With severe pain, local cooling anesthetics can be used (painkillers). After the edema slightly subsides the burnt skin, you can lubricate the tissue regeneration stimulants for faster healing of damaged skin sections.
Three times, damaged skin must be treated with local ( preparations in the form of ointments, creams, sprays) antihistamine and anti-inflammatory ( local glucocorticoids) Means.
In the absence of nearby drugs on the affected skin, it is possible to impose Cold ( but not ice) Compress. This procedure will slow down the inflammation in the tissues and reduce the intensity of symptoms.
With severe forms of sunburns ( when bubbles and skin appear on the skin and skin swells) Bubbles are recommended not to open, but use cold wet-dried compresses with topical steroids ( local glucocorticoids) In a complex with a 2% solution of Tanin. With extensive sunburns, which are accompanied by the phenomena of general intoxication of the body ( headache, Breakiness, Dizziness, Nausea) You can use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory funds ( aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen, etc.), which will reduce the discharge of inflammatory mediators to the blood ( substances) and improve overall well-being.
Also, it is worth the maximum avoiding contact between the skin, which received a sunburn, and sunlight. To do this, when entering the sun, wearing clothes, hats, use canopies, umbrellas and stay in the open air in the morning ( until 10 o'clock) or evening ( after 16 hours) clock. It is also worth remembering that water does not waste the skin from the action of sunlight, but, on the contrary, can enhance them, so it is necessary to be in the water in the water as possible in the presence of a sun burn.
Examples of drugs that can be assigned in the treatment of solar burns
| Group of drugs | What are these funds assign data? | Name of the drug | Dosage |
| Tissue regeneration stimulants | To accelerate the processes of dividing and the growth of cells in the skin. Thus, these drugs contribute to its rapid healing. | Bepanten | Available in the form of 5% cream or ointment. Applied to damaged skin 1 - 3 times a day. |
| Dr. Panthenol | Also available in 5% ointment or cream. It is necessary to use this tool 2 - 4 times a day, applying it with a thin layer on the surface of damaged skin. | ||
| Antihistamines | These drugs block the action of histamine - biological substance that causes inflammation in the skin with a sunrobe. | Phenistil | Available in the form of 0.1% gel. This agent is recommended to be applied to the affected skin 2 - 4 times a day. |
| Ppi-balsam | There is a 1% gel. It is evenly applied to damaged areas of the skin with a frequency of 3 to 4 times a day. | ||
| Sentol | Sold in the form of 2% gel. It is used locally in the field of skin ( 2 - 4 times a day), where the patient received a sunburn. | ||
| Local anesthetics
(anesthetics) | Reduce the pain appearing in the burn. | Amprovizol | Produced in the form of an aerosol can. The remedy is sprayed over the burnt leather from a distance of 20 - 25 cm for 1 - 5 seconds 1 - 3 times a day. |
| Local glucocorticoids | Remove pain and reduce inflammation in the tissues that got a sunburn. | Advantan | Available in 0.1% cream or ointment. The drug must be applied once a day. |
| Afloderm | There is in two forms - in the form of 0.05% of the cream and in the form of 0.05% ointment. It is allowed to use it from 1 to 3 times a day. | ||
| Momat | This remedy is sold in the form of 0.1% ointment or cream. They are applied to damaged skin 1 time per day. | ||
| Belloderm | Available both ointment and cream in a dosage of 0.05%. It can be applied to the skin area, where there is a sunburn, only 2 times a day. |
Folk treatment methods have less medicinal efficiency compared to drugs. Therefore, it is not necessary to apply them as the main method of treatment, but only in a complex with medication therapy. Before applying such methods, you should always consult with the attending physician and do not make decisions yourself. It should be known that in the treatment of sunny burn, it is categorically impossible to use vegetable or butter, sour cream, vaseline and other means that have a lot of fats in their composition. These fats, when fading the above-mentioned means on the skin, smoothly distributed over its surface, form a thermal insulating film on it, which prevents the removal of excess heat with the skin damaged from the sunny burn. It slows down its normal healing, and also enhances the unpleasant feeling at its injury.
For the treatment of solar burns, the following folk treatment methods can be used:
At sun burn there are three severity. The first two degrees are equal to the first degree in the usual burn. The third degree of sunburn is usually equivalent ( equalcenna) Second degree of ordinary burn. The severity of the sun burn is determined by the depth and power of damage to the surface layers of the skin. The deeper and stronger it is damaged, the more serious skin burn. Also, do not forget that the severity of symptoms with a sunburn always depends on its area. She is ( symptomatics) It will be more significant with more extensive lesions of the skin. For example, with a slight burn of the whole back and hands, sunburn will deliver much more discomfort and other symptoms than with a burn ( same) Only one leg. Solar burn can have the following severity:
The speed of the restoration of the skin from the resulting solar burn, mainly depends on its severity. With the first severity, the solar burn usually passes after 2 - 3 days. With moderate ( middle) The degree of skin can recover in 3 - 7 days. The longest recovery time can be observed with severe. Serious sunburns, on average, pass for 7 - 12 days without the formation of scars on the skin. Skin culding rate from solar burns also depends on many other additional factors ( for example, from the age of the patient, the area of \u200b\u200bdamage, the localization of the sun burn on the body and others.).The following factors can affect the restoration of the skin from the sunny burn:
The swelling of the face, hands, legs, backs and other parts of the body after sunburn is always a consequence of the appearance of inflammation in the affected skin. Inflammatory reactions with this pathology arise due to the fact that the average-raid ultraviolet rays ( ultraviolet type B.) There are malicious effects on surface layers of skin and, in particular, the cells of the epidermis. They damage their membranes by education in the epidermis of photopidicals ( toxic chemicals), which cause an inevitable death of its cells. Defrost products of dead epidermal cells ( epidermis cells) stimulate the immune system, resulting in a large number of inflammatory mediators ( substances), for example, prostaglandins, kininov, histamine, leukotriene in the skin. Inflammatory mediators contribute to attracting even more immunocytes ( immune cells) In the focus of the defeat, and also cause expansion and increase the permeability of the vessels in the surface layers of the skin, which received solar burn. Pathological changes in the wall of the vessels ( extension and increase in permeability) When inflammation, lead to an increase in blood flow and partial extravagation ( exit vessels) Liquid into the cloth surrounding these vessels, which explains the appearance of edema and erythema on the areas of the skin of the body with a sunny burned.
The skin of children in its anatomical structure is not fundamentally different from the skin of adults. Therefore, when they appear, solar burns are most often used exactly the same drugs that are usually assigned to people older age. At the first signs of sunburn ( redness, pain, itching, burning, skin swelling) It should be placed in a cool place and not allowing him to go out again in the sun due to the fact that sunburn can increase. Then it is necessary to lubricate damaged skin antihistamine ( for example, phenyistil, app) and anti-inflammatory ( afloderm, Advantan, etc.) creams ( or ointments, gels). On the skin you can also apply drugs that contribute to its rapid healing ( panthenol, Bepanten). Data local drugs are better used in a complex with cool compresses that can be made from a conventional sterile bandage, which should be mixed with cold water before use. In such cases, it is not recommended to place pieces of ice on the burnty skin, as they can mechanically injure and so damaged skin.
For large burns, a child may have fever, headache, dizziness, nausea, weakness. These symptoms are signs of general intoxication of the body ( which develops in response to extensive tissue damage) and is associated with the ingress of cellular degradation toxins into the blood of the child. In these cases, unnecessary anti-inflammatory drugs can be used - ibuprofen, indomethacin, aspirin, etc.
In any case, before applying a means, it is necessary to consult with a specialist doctor ( for example, a dermatologist, therapist, traumatologist, surgeon), as well as read on the packaging drug contraindications to its use, since many drugs have their own requirements for use and can not always be suitable for the treatment of sunny burns in a specific case.
