Predatory fish - Almost every large water bodily lies danger. The biggest fear of the seas cause sharks and barracuds, and in fresh waters - Piranhas. Since the release of the film of Stephen Spielberg "Jaws" White shark has become horrified for American bathing bags, convinced that this shark does not think about anything else, as soon as they can enjoy. In fact, it is not.
Shark-cannibal is the human meat, and if a randomly loser falls into her mouth, he will most likely be sprung. Of course, strongly worried.
In California, there were 78 attacks of this shark on people, but only 8 ended with death. Predatory fish - real masters find, grab and kill their victims. Those, in turn, try to avoid the sad end; Therefore, amazing hunters must have very sensitive organs that can constantly monitor both the nearest and more distant surroundings. However, to detect the sacrifice - it is also the beginning of success, because it still needs to catch up. In water, where the resistance of the medium is 800 times greater than on land, the body structure is as important as the power of muscles. And the movement of fish with a spindle-shaped article can be extremely fast.
With these positions, pelagic sharks and barracudes have the best form - their elongated egg-shaped bodies have the greatest thickness about a third of the length, if you measure the muzzle, and then the body of the fish becomes thinner to the tail, as a little less narrows in the opposite direction, ending with blunt which fish during the movement dissects water.
The friction between water and scales is significantly reduced by the discharge of the skin. Sharks inhabit the seas are already 350 million years, and for all this time they have almost changed.
This is an exceptionally successful evolution product. They meet in all environmental niches of the ocean - from coast and coral reefs to open marine expanses and large depths. Usually sharks pursue production, which can be switched out entirely. Unbridled hunting instinct occurs at the time when the predator will feel the taste of blood.
The first shark, looking after the victim, carefully circling around her, not starting the attack until at least one more shark appears. Then the circles are narrowed - and, finally, one of the predators is concerned about the teeth sacrifice and strong jerks of the head tears the first piece from her. This is a signal for the rest.
For some time flowing into the trance, shark loses the instinct of self-preservation. When nothing remains from torn extraction, the killers disappear as imperceptibly as they appeared. Blood they feel from afar, possessing a very subtle sense, but in the persecution of production a considerable role also plays a rumor and superbly developed senses of the side line.
Thanks to these aculing bodies, the vibration caused by sharp movements of a patient or weak fish, which become the first victims of sharks.
The vision of these predators is weak - the eyes have a small allowing ability, and in addition, do not distinguish between colors; Attacking prey, sharks even close their eyes with a solid blinking meal.
In critical moments, the attack accuracy is controlled by the shark-scattered acules by receivers of weak electrical pulses, produced by convulsive cuts of the muscles of the rescious victim. One of the most common sharks is a long, rarely swimming towards the shores.
Most often there are an individual with a length of about 2 meters and weighing several tens of kilograms. This species dwells mainly in the tropical seas, while the blue sharks are common in subtropical and moderate zones - elegant, with long muffles and long-breast fins, having dimensions, as in the previous species.
Tiger sharks, named so because of the bands, clearly visible on the body of young individuals, are considered one of the most dangerous for a person. Adults are 5 meters long and weigh almost 0.5 tons.
When studying the contents of their stomachs, except for crabs, Langustov, squid and all kinds of fish species, there were remains of birds, sea snakes, crocodiles, dogs, cats, canned foods, and even coal bags, which indicates close contact with human housing and penetration into the mouth of rivers.
Tiger sharks are found throughout the sea, and not only in the shelf zone - but exclusively in the tropics. Close relatives of this family of pylosophle sharks - hammers sharks. They have a similar silhouette and arrangement of fins, including a fairly large tail fin with an elongated top blade, which has a protrusion from the end. By their name, they are obliged to form a head.
Smaller copies of shark-hammers eat not only by fish, but also invertebrates, which are found off the coast, as well as in the muddy straw waters of Estairiev. In search of food, they are primarily oriented on their own scent, as evidenced by the method of approaching mining. Since the nostrils are located at the edges of the side processes of the head, then a large distance between them - in any case, several species - forcing the shark to turn to the victim, then another nostril, and the fish approaches the goals with zigzags.
If you close one nostril, the behavior changes - then the shark circles around the source of the smell and swims down the spiral. Large copies of Molotov feed on cipath and fish; At the same time, other sharks are among the victims, and impressive sizes. In the stomachs of fish of this species, the tail spikes are very often found, which indicates that the hammers sharks and at the bottom hunt.
All kinds of hammers, and there are several dozen of them, differ among themselves the shape of the head and the level of development of lateral processes. Large hammers sharks are dangerous, and their attacks on swimming people have fatal junction.
The jaws are also strong, as in the pylosophle sharks, and the teeth, albeit the sharp, but without jarbin in the edges. The worst reputation uses a white shark. The name can mislead because the color is not much different from typical for other pelagic sharks. A distinctive sign is more likely to serve the teeth - smooth and triangular both on the top and on the lower jaw - they are also sharp, which makes it easy to contact and soft, and solid materials.
The length of the teeth in large copies reaches 5 cm, so it is not difficult to bite off the human limb for them. These species grow to 6 - 8 meters long and weigh more than 3 tons. White sharks, which are also called cannibals, live in the waters of all oceans, but still more often in subtropics and in warm areas of moderate zone than in more heated tropical waters.
Despite the fact that they can easily overcome huge spaces, white sharks prefer to live in coasts. Most often they appear there, where the coast is bordered by depth, especially if there is a colony of seals or sea lions on the shore.
Small views are content with fish, among which many representatives of the class of bone fish, as well as other sharks and skates. White sharks are hunting alone or couples, and several pieces in a row can only be found in the places of large concentrations of food. In some regions there are fish that are even afraid than sharks.
Such predators include barracuda in particular, Big Barracuda and Pacific. The length of their body is approaching 3 meters, and the weight is to several tens of kilograms. The body is strongly stretched, and in grazing - powerful fangs.
The lower jaw comes forward, the fangs at the first species are ordinary, the second - bent into the body. At the shores of Central California for 32 years, 41 attacks were committed in swimming, which accused shark-cannibals. But the defenders of these fish claim that they did not have evil intentions and that aggression is the result of a mistake when hunting for another prey. Most tragedies involving sharks are attributed to cannibals - from here and their name. However, it is necessary to take into account that cases of attacks most often occur in the tropics, where much more predators, which are difficult to distinguish from each other.
Large predatory sharks - like, for example, tiger or white - have sharp, as a razor, teeth intended for breaking production. But most sharks, among which the ordinary cat shark, feed in the bottom waters: their strong teeth will crush the shellfish shells and shells. At sharks, hunting on fish, long thin teeth, adapted to capture slippery mining. Barracuda attack people extremely rarely, and most often - scuba dlya. These attacks are caused by either the desire to be reached by the fish caught by a scubaist, or when a predator by mistake takes shiny objects for fish, such as a knife.
Throwing lightning and consists of one blow, but this is enough to apply terrible wounds. Documented and several deaths - mainly in the area of \u200b\u200bthe southeastern coast of North America. Barracudy suspected of attacking people on the beaches, but the facts confirming this is not enough.
It suggests that Barracud has its own hunting areas: they live near rocks or coral reefs, where the prey is still waiting for the prey, as in fresh waters it makes a pike, externally similar to marine predators. However, this refers to large types, and representatives of smaller hunt in motion.
It happens that in small groups they chase for fine fish on the surface of the water or near the shores. Large types of Barraccud are mostly feed on fish, and all that can be grabbed, they attack even the larger than they themselves, victims.
Known 18 species of Barracud. The smallests do not exceed 30 cm, but they also thanks to long grazing are predators. In the color of Barracud, dark on top and silver on the sides, the characteristic feature are transverse stripes and stains on the bottom of the body.
They breed according to the scheme common in the shelf waters, especially among the Okunevy: small eggs are swimming in water, and the firouts immediately after appearing on the light begin to eat with plankton. According to a question, the most terrible predators of freshwater include piras.
These are herd fish, whose representatives are mainly powered by other fish. Piranhas also hunt extraction, which is many times larger - for example, on such mammals, like oxen, pigs. In search of food Piranhas mostly use scent. During the hunt, they float a lot of flocks, try to get closer as much as possible to a potential victim and unexpectedly attack.
First of all, predators unzipped fins so that the victim could not hide - the Piranhas themselves swim slowly. After a moment, the mining is dying, ripped into pieces with sharp teeth of predators. Piras is high, strongly compressed with the sides of the body.
On both jaws are sharp, like a knife, triangular teeth growing in such a way that everyone falls between two on the opposite jaw. The cheeks have a strong muscles that serve for the operation of massive jaws, which with a sharp razor dissect all that they will fall.
Among the 16 species are only two can be dangerous for a person, and then in crowded places, and near the scounding, where bloody waste is reset in the river: the smell of blood excites piras, and they always attack the wounded animal or man. In waters where there are no waste from scotch, you can safely swim among piras.
The most aggressive Piranhas during the drought period, when the space for food is narrowed to small reservoirs. Despite their allegedly extreme bloodthirsty, piras are often bred as aquarium fish.
Fish predators video from the company Discovery and National geographic:
The person still knows very poorly who lives in the ocean depths, but even our knowledge is enough to understand that there, in addition to cute fish, swim and the most nightmarish creatures. At the very least, we can make up the top 10 of the most terrible fish in the world, meaning their appearance or habits.
As far as we are now known, the most terrible fish in the World Ocean is a white shark. It is a very ancient look huge and blood-blooded. The dimensions of the white shark are such that the prey for it is any marine inhabitants, except the taway and large whales. It enters its menu and human meat, but infrequently as a delicacy. In a huge mouth, white sharks are hidden several rows of very sharp teeth, which are constantly updated throughout her life. White shark length can reach up to 10 meters, and a large sacrifice - a seal or person she easily snacks in half.
If you take into account extremely appearance, the fish is the most terrifyingly, the fish is a long-legged saberub, it is also an ordinary saberub and ordinary needles. She actually looks scary and not very nice. This fish has a disproportionately big head. The body in adults is painted in black. Long thin teeth stick out from both jaws of fishery. Interestingly, in appearance, young sabersubes are very different from adults, so scientists even attributed them to another appearance. They have another body structure, pointed spikes on the head and brighter color, and they live in smaller depths.
These fish, reminiscent of Garguli, live on the large depths of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans in tropical and subtropical latitudes. These horrors feed on crustaceans, shallow fish and squid. The young piglee of a long-legged saber itself is food for larger predators: tunats and no less terrible alepizaurs.
The dog has long fallen into the proverb about the best friend of man, with which it is impossible to disagree. Dogs guard the owners and their property, help on the hunt ...
The coast of Australia and Tasmania at a very big depth (presumably 600-1200 meters) is a drop fish, also falling into the list of the most terrible fish. More precisely, it is not so much terrible as unattractive and to some extent it looks frozo. Local fishermen call it an "Australian bull".
The fish resembles at the same time a disgruntled senior face of a person and some kind of embryo because of a watery slippery body. However, for a person, it does not represent any danger at least because the person never appears at a kilometer depth, and the fish does not swim near the surface. Fish drops there is no swimming bubble. The expression of the "face" of this fish is sad, even dull. This fish is inedible, but recently everything is more painted with fishermen, because of what scientists began to fear for the safety of this species - maybe, so the drop fish is so mournful? To restore its population, no less than a decade will be required.
Shark-house (Mitzekurina, Skapanininch) also lives at large depths, but its population is probably not a few. At least today is caught only those of similar specimens (less than 50 fish). Scientists do not have ideas about the habits of this mysterious deep-sea monster. They could only determine that this species dwells in the warm waters of all oceans at a depth of more than 200 meters. This shark is sometimes called "goblin" for its awesome appearance with a huge thief on the head and nominated forward, almost like "someone else's" jaws. Collectors of the Wonders of Nature very much appreciate such jaws.
Lathemeri fish - incredibly ancient view, considered livers. For hundreds of millions of years, she has changed little in its structure. The view of the Latherya has a crazy, but it is not too mobile fish and spends a lot of time in the underwater caves.
At the moment, two types of Latimeri are found, one dwells in the southwestern part of the Indian Ocean, near the coast of South Africa, and the second was discovered at the very end of the last century near the island of Sulawesi. Latimaria is covered, like armor, powerful scales, which is good protection for them. The scaled latimerium is unique, there is no such other modern fish, there are many protrusions on its outer surface, making the scaly of the file. Food with Berix, Anchovy, Cardinal Fish, Changs, Cattle, Cardinals, Cattle, Caracatins, and even naked sharks.
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Sea damn or European fishman - not uncommon, it dwells almost through the entire European coast, from the Black Sea water area to the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Barents Sea. Named fishery so because of her ugly outfice - a naked, rayless body, a huge head with a big mouth.
This messenger is capable of glowing in the dark of the sea puchin - in front of the mouth of the fish, a glowing rod glowing, which loves prey to himself. This fish belongs to the detachment detachment, and if we consider that it reaches an impressive two-meter length and human weight in 60 kg, it is easy to imagine how such messengers can scare.
The frightening appearance became the main reason for the popularity of fish-violent: a long thin body in glowing points, a disproportionately large mouth, littered with sharp, like needles, teeth, glowing fins - a rod that lures ridiculous victims to this mouth. The habitat of this fish is styled - quiet and atlantic oceans. But in this case, this fish is quite small - only 25-centimeters long.
This petty predator is also deep-water - lives approximately at a kilometer depth, and if necessary, it may even drop into a 4-kilometer abyss at all. But this night predator hunting near the surface on a small fish and other living creatures, after which it is immersed in less populated ocean depths, where it can feel in relative security.
Slots see on the seabed there are many diverse stones that differ in color and shape. However, some stones may suddenly be shifted. So mimicrates under the underwater wartwork - the most poisonous fish in the world. The body of the fish is covered with soft skin with the fights, as if warts, which helps her skillfully mask at the bottom, pretending to be a small stone. But the sharp poisonous dorsal fins of this fish are especially dangerous, they were still nicknamed by fish-axes, and Australian aborigines called her warts vampire.
The length of the adult individual warts can reach 40 cm, although some divers claim that they met and semi-meter warts. The colors of the Fish-stone can vary from brown to green, with reddish-orange stains. Despite the danger and repulsive appearanceThe wart is an edible fish from which they are preparing sashimi. But the spines on the dorsal fin with ease can pierce the shoes and painful to the leg, which often ends with the death of man.
Animals, like many people, adhere to one law - survives the strongest. Despite the admonition of scientists who argue that the brothers N ...
This predatory freshwater fish, which is also called a giant hydrocyne or goliath, and local residents - Mbeena. The mouth of predator is armed with rare, but impressive 32 fangs resembling crocodile. She with ease can not only eat a fishing line, but also a rod or a hand of careless fisherman. Goliath is named this not by chance - this is one of the largest freshwater fish in the world, which can weigh up to 100 kilograms. This monster lives in Central Africa, in the Congo River Basin and Lake Tanganica. In the Congo there were cases of attacking the river giant on people. Locals assure that Mtemga is the only fish, not afraid of crocodile.
In the Amazon River Basin, Piyara or Haracin fish lives. But she has another sonorous name - "Vampire" for two incredibly long lower fangs, with the help of which she keeps her prey (usually smaller fish). This fish is welcome trophy for professional fishermen. Adults are growing at the amazon expanses to one and a half meters of length, but we will weigh the relatively few - 14 kilograms. Bottom fangs, which gave a haracin name "Vampire", can grow up to 16 centimeters. With the help of such a formidable weapon, the fish is able to reach deeply hidden internal organs of the victim's attacked victim, since the location is unmistakably determines their location.
Some people on the question: "What kind of fish is the biggest?", Answer: "KIT". But this is a delusion, because whale is a mammal, and not a fish. Of all the living beings on the planet, the whale is undoubtedly the greatest one.
But still, what is the biggest fish in the world? Definitely answer this question is difficult. Some data varies very much, and the recorded indicators differ from unofficial. But if you focus on general statistics, then some sequence is present. Let's see what kinds of fish are the largest, tracing a chain out of 10 representatives in reverse order.
This fish can reach 5 meters in length and 400 kg of weight. But in view of poaching, it became uncommon to meet the catfish of such dimensions. Their weight and size are completely dependent on age. So, for example, a special four-year-old age weighs 8 kg, the fish whose age has reached 8 years - 16 kg, in 15 years the weight of the sieve is from 40 to 60 kg, 20 to 120 kg. Soma live up to 30 years.
- Heat-loving fish and lives in the pools of the Black, Aral, Caspian and Azov seas. In Russian water bodies, Som is the largest predator. He prefers to crash in deep pits, far from the bed. Soma do not like the current and or orst bottom, so the pits in which they stop may become forever their home and they leave there only for hunting.
This type of bitter fish from the Marlinov family reaches five meters and 818 kg. At least this is the highest fixed digit. Blue Marlinins are thermal-loving fish and live in water temperatures from 22 to 30 C. Marlinins are found only in the Atlantic Ocean, in a tropical and moderate part of it.
This breed of fish is migration. They do long distances and is unknown whether back is returned. From the marked individuals, some returned to the previous place, but it does not prove anything else.
The females of the blue marliners are much dimensionless males. They have sex maturity at the age of three to four years. The weight of the individual at this point is 45 - 65 kg. The weight of males to this age reaches 35 - 45 kg.
Adult fish feed on other floating creatures, such as squid and other species of fish, mainly by mackerel. Blue Marlin larvae receive food from larvae of other fish, plaque of plankton, including zooplankton.
The size of the fish, similar to the moon, reaches 3 meters and weight of 1.4 tons. This fish resembles a plate shaped - round and flat. The tail skell of fish of this breed is absent, just like the tail fin. Anal fin with spinal barns do not have. The place of the tail is a leather fold, which creates an imitation of the fin. The skin in adult representatives elastic and thick. It is covered with small fights.
The moon fish is found in the tropical waters of the Antarctic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. In some, more rare cases, this fish can be observed in the Baltic Sea, off the coast of the Kola Peninsula and the middle-resistant sea.
At first, these fish were considered not the best swimmers who are unable to cope with the current, but during the studies, the maximum movement speed of the moon-fish was measured - 3.28 km per hour.
The maximum shark length of Maco, which is registered, is 4 meters, 45 cm. Also, this species is the name of the black and mackerel shark, but Shark Mako is more common.
This fish is attached to the family of herring. Perhaps, they are the most high-speed of all kinds of sharks living in the waters of the seas and oceans. You can see the shark mako in warm waters with a tropical climate in all existing oceans.
Herring black shark carries a threat to people and registered many cases of its attempted person.
The general view of the mackerel shark corresponds to the typical addition of fish of this breed. She has an oblong body with a sharp nose, gray spin color and whitening peritoneum. Shark Mako, like the remaining varieties of herring sharks, can maintain the temperature of his body higher than the temperature of the medium around it. This contributes to endothermia.
The mining shark nutrition is predominantly bony fish, but it is not off and to enjoy other ocean inhabitants. Sharks are multiplied with Mako Eggsayevidity with Ohophagia.
Tiger shark, or, as they are also called leopard from the gray shark family. The maximum weight of representatives of this type is 1.5 tons and lengths of 6.32 meters.
Tiger sharks in the tropical and subtropical waters of the seas and oceans live along the whole globe. Their feature can be considered the complete lack of squeamishness, because they eat in a row. What was not found in the stomach of the leopard shark. During the separation, the remains of dogs, cats, kows and deer hooves, parts from dolphin, tin cans, packs from cigarettes, coal bags and many, many other garbage.
A tiger shark is a paddle and the cases of cannibalism are noticed. So, for example, once with the capture of one leopard shark, the second crammed and ate it. Considering that food is not enough, she devoured and accommodate, thereby having to hook.
The leopard shark is very dangerous for people, as it constantly swims in shallow water. And the dimensions of it are not a hindrance.
A large white shark is lengths up to 5.3 m and weighing up to 1.9 tons. Despite the fact that leopard sharks are frequent guests of shallow water, the attack on the person is recorded more with the participation of the White Shark. In early 2000, 140 acts of the attempted white shark at a person were registered, 30 of which had a fatal outcome.
Given the statistics, it can be said that a large white shark carries the highest threat to a person against the background of all breeds of this species. Not rare attempts to attack white sharks on boats and large vessel. They beat the nose on the stern of the ship. The blow was so strong that people fell over the board, or the boat turned over.
Although the white shark is not omnivorous, as it is a tiger, but still she prefers to try tooth. This is how its frequent attack on people is determined. She most likely just wants to try what it is, biting.
If the white shark is offered to choose between a meal, it will prefer what it is already known and is familiar. If there is no choice, then the white shark will not refuse anything. It is believed that these sharks are confused by divers with lastonous animals, which, in turn, are a frequent dish in their diet.
Shot by Stephen Spielberg Thriller about shark called "Jaws", issues these fish for murderers of people. But in reality, these individuals prefer food familiar to their environment and do not hunt for a man.
The grenland polar shark is called an atlantic polar shark or a low-head shark. The length of this bar reaches 7.5 m and weight of 1.5 tons. The Greenland Polar shark is very slow, feeds on fish and padal. Do not mind snack yourself like small size individuals.
Of all the representatives of the shark, the Greenland Polar Akula prefers cold water and it lives in the north of the Atlantic Ocean: in Denmark, Russia, USA, Norway, Germany, Greenland and Canada.
Attacks on people with this type of shark practically does not occur due to their cold habitat. They are more likely pests, breaking through networks and releasing fisherman extraction, so those caught the Greenland polar shark, cut off the tail fin and release it back.
Beluga is a fish from a sturgeon family. Its unofficial maximum length Body reaches 8.9 meters and weight of 2 tons. The maximum weight of Beluga was 1.5 tons and a length of 4.2 meters. Fish life expectancy - about 100 years.
This sturgeon dwells in the Azov, Caspian and Black Seas. Spruce fish goes into the river. Pretty Volga, Urals, Terek and Kuru. After orcromet, the female returns to the waters of the seas.
Callery in white blessing with black sampling. It is expensive and very tasty delicious food. Previously, she was free from Russia to other countries, but later there was a ban due to the great growth of poachers. But, despite the law, for poachers, the caviar Beluga is a valuable and difficult catch, which they are trying to illegally sell. We repeatedly, such attempts were taken by law, and the violators received deserved punishment.
A giant shark is up to 16 meters long (according to unofficial data) and can reach up to 4 tons. Despite its impressive dimensions, this kind of shark threats for a person does not bear. Fish allows divers to swim to her and calmly feels themselves in their environment. When approaching the vessel, the shark is not in a hurry to hide from it.
Giant sharks are the only filter players in the shark. They do not suck water, drinking plankton, and pass it through the gills. For an hour up to 2 thousand tons of water filtered. For this shark just floats with a wide dismay. Simultaneously, in the gastric, a giant shark may be up to 500 kg of food.
This type of shark decreases in numbers due to poaching hunting, confusing in networks, low birth and long pregnancy. The International Union of Nature Protection by giant sharks was assigned the status of "vulnerable".
So we got to the largest slave of the planet. The whale shark reaches 20 meters in length and weight of 5 tons. Just like a giant shark, the whale is not dangerous. Some divers dared to touch her and even tried to ride. Friendly giant fish, unlike his bloodthirsty relatives, is content with the eating plankton, as well as a giant shark. Only she does not filter the plankton, but swallows it along with water.
Whale shark prefers swimming on the surface of the water. The speed of its movement does not exceed 5 km per hour. The largest fish lives in a tropical climate throughout the world Ocean. In some ranges, the population of whale sharks is significantly superior to other places. These individuals are preferred by small flocks, but also it is often possible to meet a single representative of this species. In rare cases, mass associations are observed (up to a hundred heads), it happens with the clusters of plankton. This large flock simply together will be trapese.
Unlike its predecessor in size, a whale sharp is difficult to confuse with another type of shark. It has a massive body with a flexible head. And the closer to the road, the more so flattened. The fall at the largest fish is at the end of the digging, and not under it, unlike other representatives of the shark genus.
So this is the way - the largest fish of the planet turned out to be one of the most innocuous tremendous creatures of the planet Earth.
Predatory call those fish that eat other fish, sometimes frogs, mice, as well as other animals and birds. Painted fish mouth is very large and armed with a numerous amount of sharp teeth. The category of such fish primarily includes pike, Sudak, Nalim, Okun, Som, eel.
Pike. In the reservoirs of the Pike Belarus (Fig. 10) is common everywhere. But far from everyone knows what size it can reach. Pike is sometimes higher than human growth and weigh up to 60 kg. Maximum sizes of pike - 1.5 m, weight - 30-35 kg. She reaches sexual maturity at the age of 2-4 years. The life expectancy of this fish is interpreted differently. The ultimate age of Pike is 33 years (V. D. Lebedev, 1960). She is predatory so much that it rushes on everything, even on his relatives. Pike is very strong, mobile and tirelessness. There are cases when the pike attacked another, almost the same value as herself. Sometimes you can watch like a pike-female in artificial pond (spawning) After the completion of the "marriage rite" (spawning) and the appearance of offspring immediately, "seed" with their "beloved", especially since the males fit for spawning are significantly smaller than the sizes than females.
However, with all its greed, the pike shows some intelligibility. She prefers more carp fish, hiding, roach, redfall, crucian. With a lot of alertness refers to the barbed fish: Yershu and perch. If the pike and caught such a fish, then it does not swallow it right away, and keeps in the teeth until it stops moving.
Pike grows very quickly. In the pond farms of Belarus, the pikes, placed in the ponds for joint cultivation with the carp, if there are enough feeds in the form of a weed fish in one summer, reach weight 350-400 g and 30-40 cm length. According to the growth rate, it occupies one of the first places among the lake sputum in spring species of fish.
One fish pike, however, is not limited. She eats frogs, attacks ducks and other waterfowl. Pike does not brups and water rats, mice, earthying, squirrels and other small animals, swimming through the water. No wonder it is called "thunderstorms" of the reservoir. Sometimes there is an opinion that pike as a predator hurts great harm to fish reserves. This look is based on the incorrect assessment of the value of any predator in nature in general and pike in particular, on exaggerated concepts about the number of fish, it is exterminated.
Pike is a regulator of the Fishetic Population: Singing low-value trifles, sick and weak fish, it thus makes it possible to grow faster and more healthy offspring.
Pike - Fish is not a mustache. Both in rivers and lakes is held in places with moderate flow, not very deep, grassy, \u200b\u200brelevant around the banks. Pike is quite somewhat fishing and only in spring, in front of spawning, climbs up the river, and it goes into the pool. She eats a lot, but digested food very slowly.
The painting of the pike body is good masks it among overgrown vegetation. At the extraction of pike attacks usually from the ambush rapid, but a short throw. At the same time, it flies very rarely. Maching, usually does not repeat the attacks, but returns to the ambush to wait for another sacrifice. Pike mining most often enough across, but it always swallows from the head, turning it into the mouth of the movement of the jaws. And it does it on the go, without stopping in place after the throw. On this habit and is based on her fishing gear.
Pike can be found in all reservoirs of the republic. In Belarus, they are engaged in artificial cultivation of pussy in ponds together with carp. The pike catch in natural reservoirs is 3.5 thousand centners per year.
Zander - It is a large predatory fish, reaching lengths up to 1 m or more, weighs up to 10, and some copies and up to 20 kg (Fig. 11). It is found mainly in large rivers and those communicating with them. Sudak lives up to 15 years old (V. D. Lebedev, 1960). Sexual maturity comes on the 4-5th year.
In the reservoirs of the Belarusian Sudakov, not so much is caught. Mainly, it lives in rivers such as Dnipro, Pripyat, Mountain and Coolant, as well as in the lakes located in the north of the republic (Vitebsk and Minsk region).
To preserve the number of the herd of puddler, its colors for industrial purposes is strictly limited for each water separateness. Every year, a certain group of Lakes of the Lakes of Pupil's Paschadge.
Sudak - Heat-water fish. It grows best at a temperature of 15-18 °. Poor tolerates the lack of oxygen. Young for her favorable conditions grow rapidly. For 2 years, Sudak can reach a mass of 1 kg or more. By the nature of the feeder, animal fish. Its young during the first period feeds mainly by zooplankton and partially insect larvae and fry fish, in the future goes to food with small fish, and in our conditions - Ukley, the droplets, shallow roach, etc. Large fish pike perch is not able to capture due to small The size of the grazing and pharynx.
Sudak dwells at different depths, depending on the placement of its main food and temperature conditions In certain periods of the year. Unlike Pike, he is actively hunting for his prey and avoids areas with thickets, since here he himself can become food for pike. It is increasing at a temperature of about 15 ° in April - June, depending on the climatic conditions of the area.
Sudak - Staya Fish. It dwells in deeply reinforced, aligned pits, quarries, Rips, old river rivers, etc. However, the location of the pike perch is non-permanent. Where he was well caught on the day before, the next day he may not be.
Sudak catch in the reservoirs of the republic does not exceed 400 c per year.
Burbot - This is the only representative of the Cod Family, which lives in fresh water. Nalim (Fig. 12) has a peculiar body shape, sharply different from other fish. He has a flat head, the body to the tail part on the sides is very compressed and stretched out. Cleaning is dense, protected in gentle, small scales. It has two dorsal fins: the first is short, the second is long, the same length and anal fin. Inherent in a grayish-green spin painting with dark spots and stripes. The belly is pronounced sharply, has a whitish shade. The body slippery, on the chin in Nalima is one mustache.
The lifestyle is very peculiar. He does not like sunlight, sleeping in day, and at night goes on hunting. Nalm is extremely greedy and insatiable predator. He eats other fish more than pike.
The number of Nalim in the reservoirs of Belarus is relatively small. The main places of his habitat are rivers, as well as lakes of the Braslavskaya, Polotsk and the Narcanic groups. Nalim reaches the length of 1 m, the mass is up to 5 kg, although there are separate individuals, weighing up to 24 kg. In our water bodies, the mass of Nalima reaches from 1 to 2 kg. Sexual maturity reaches aged 3-4 years. Very fruit. There are females that take up to 3 million eggs. It is spores in January, when the reservoirs are covered with a thick layer of ice. Lives up to 22 years old. He loves cold clean water and extremely susceptible to its pollution. In the summer months, when water is strongly heated, it goes into deep pools, darkened places, hides in the holes, under the squigs, stones. It becomes a larger. In the heat of Nalim does not eat. When the location is found at this time, it can be easily caught hands.
Nalim - Fish is a bottom and, despite the lazy and sluggish appearance, very quickly and deftly floats. Adult Nalim feeds on fish: Most of all sandwiches, hersha and small perchs, does not neglect their own young. Sometimes at the opening of a mass of up to 1.2 kg in the stomach, over 40 perchs weighing 3-5 g. Especially strong empty produces in winter when his appetite increases, and the other fish is more sleepy and sluggish than in summer. In recent years, there is little in the catches.
Perch - Typical representative of lakes and rivers (Fig. 13). Like a pike, is the widespread spread in the reservoirs of Belarus. The average lifespan perch is 17 years old. Sexual maturity comes on the 4-5th year. It is evidence that the perch reaches sizes to half a meter and mass from 2 to 5 kg.
By his predatory greed, the perch is not inferior to the pike. Unusually voracious. If in front of him is a rich prey, he, barely swallowing one fish, immediately after her swallows the second, etc., so that often caught fry, without placing him in his stomach, sticking out of his mouth. The perch is a long time in the ambush, from where it rushes to prey or chasing small fish. Eats perch any fish, if only she was a suitable magnitude. Do not give mercy and their own offspring. They do not cease to eat in the fall, nor in winter. Favoric food of the perch is the caviar of the valuable rocks of fish.
In winter, when the reservoirs are covered with a thick layer of ice, the perch does not stop the robber lifestyle, destroying fish-kids. Especially voracious he after spawning. Spawn shortly after pike. At this time, good time begins for fishermen lovers. The perch prefers cool water and does not like to swim near the surface of the water, but when the flocks of small fish appear, for which he hunts, immediately rises from the depth. However, he does not live at the very bottom, and he keeps the unfortunate from him. The perch is actively swimming in the afternoon, and after the sunset ceases to move and, as it were, sleep. It does not completely tolerate heat. At this time he hides in shady places Or in plants, and then continues to hunt. The catch of the perch make up 3-4 thousand centners per year.
Som. - one of the largest freshwater predatory fish (Fig. 14). It reaches dimensions up to 5 m long, and the masses are sometimes over 300 kg. Such giants consider scientists, usually have an age of 80-100 years (V. A. Movchan, 1966).
In Nutrition, Som does not happen anything. Eats mollusks, frogs, even large fish. Often in the mouth of the catfish, ducks, geese, water rats and other birds and animals, which float in the habitat of Soma.
Som spawn spring or early summer, in clean and quiet water on "nests". The female breast fins digs in the soil the nest in the form of a fossa in which the caviar posts. The number of iconic reaches 130 thousand caviar of female swords aged 4-5 years at a water temperature of 18-20 °.
Soma belong to the number of caring parents. After spawning, they guard the fertilized caviar in the "nests".
In the fall of the Soma go to the wintering, they are often located in the pit often quite numerous groups, burling the heads in il.
Catch the catfish with hook tools, caidal non-divas, fishing traps.
Som - Fish is strong. The experienced fishermen claim: if Som got on the fishing rod, it is not so easy to pull it out. Fighting him at the very beginning promises many surprises. It happens that non-fisherman dismisses catfish, and COM lead a fisherman with a boat. Feeling the resistance of the tackle, he tries to overcome it with a rapid movement in a straight line. It makes no sense to restrain it at that moment. It should be released 20-30 cm fishing line, sometimes more, not allowing the struggle in the short distance. The further the predator leaves from the coast, the more he is tired and the more real than the chances of fisherman to win. In the process of buying CSR, it is tired and runs on the bottom. Then it is easy to take it.
Somma meat tasty, contains a lot of fat and few bones. Soma can be breed in special ponds, where many low-value fish. Going it, it grows relatively rapidly. Som dwells in deep-sea water bodies, pools, near the dams in old mills, in the relevant areas.
Within Belarus, COM most often found in the basins of Western Dvina and Nemman.
On the role of predatory fish in the reservoir. To have a lot of fish, you need to know the reasons from which it depends on both the increase in the number of fish in the reservoir and the reduction of its number. What role in this belongs to predators? In all cases, it is necessary to reduce the number of predatory fish?
First of all, the fact that predators in large quantities eat a low-value weed and sick fish, thus, thus sanitation reservoirs.
So, in ponde farms, pike increases the fish productivity of ponds, eliminating carp from low-value and weed fish species. Therefore, in Belarus, it has long been bred together with carp. By one-year-old carp weighing 20-25 g and above, the spring larva pike at the rate of 200-300 pcs. On 1 hectares of the pond water area. An unwanted little trifle of small and weed fish in the pond as they grow up with an excellent feed for pike. As a result, she quickly gains a living mass and in one summer herself becomes commodity fish. Why should it be destroyed when the benefit from this exceeds the damage?
But it is in pond farms. And what about the reproduction of pike in the lakes, in the abundance of "clogged" low-value fish species? For some reason, we still have the main object for ripping the lakes is considered carp and Sazan. It is necessary to directly recognize that if the carp received a wide generally accepted registration in pond farms, he did not "entered" widely in our natural reservoirs. From grinding lakes, the carp industry does not yet receive a planned commercial return. Here, of course, there are reasons that lie primarily in the unpreparedness of water bodies, small fishing material, the complexity of the region, because the carp is very difficult to catch up with existing industrial fisheries tools, etc.
However, it should not be considered that predators, especially pike, apply an irreparable damage to the fishing flock of valuable fishing fish. Carp is good for ponde farms and dried heated water bodies, from where its full catch is guaranteed. But it relates more to the sphere of industrial fish farming.
It is quite another thing if it concerns amateur and sports fisheries. Carp, as you know, prefers warm water and therefore pecks a few days in a year when it is greatly hungry. In winter, he does not eat at all. The active nutrition period of the carp is 3-4 months, so it turns out to be not quite promising fish for love by amateur gears.
Another thing is pike, this insatiable predator can fall on an fisherman's bait at any time of the year and any tackle. However, its reserves in our reservoirs are unnecessarily reduced that it cannot but cause anxiety from both employees of fisheries and amateur fishermen.
If the catch of Pikechi industrial enterprises Fisheries until 1975 accounted for 3.5 thousand c, in 1980, only 1.2 thousand c and in 1984 - 1.2 thousand c, that is, decreased almost three times .
In Belarus, there are more than 10 thousand lakes, large and small, forest and marsh, deep and small ones. However, they all have low fish productivity. The "yield" of them on average is 12-15 kg of fish with hectares of water area. It is extremely small. With the above 70% of the total ulov, there are low-value types of fish. It is characteristic that the quantitative composition of these fish in the reservoirs of the republic does not decrease.
What is it caused? The answer to this question should be sought in the underestimation of the two main factors affecting the increase in the number of low-value fish species in our reservoirs.
First, the intensity of the fishery has fallen sharply. Fishermen are not interested in increasing the catch of low-value species, since the existing rates do not stimulate their catch. From the catch of these fish industry suffers losses. Therefore, most of it is simply not covered by its fishery.
Secondly, an important impact on the increase in the number of low-value fish in our reservoirs has a lack of pikes in them. A small number of her creates ravar conditions for breeding and the development of unwanted ichthyofauna fish for us.
A number of Western European countries have special farms for pike breeding.
Pike and pike perch meat has fewer bones compared to other particle fish and is distinguished by special taste. That is why Pike should become an indispensable object of amateur and sports fisheries. Only in this case fishing can be fascinating and interesting throughout the year.
The process of obtaining the larvae pike is simple. In early spring It is necessary to organize cack manufacturers from natural reservoirs where it is found. Of these, form sockets (one female, two or three male) and put them in shallow-water overgrown ponds for natural spawning. The resulting young after 7-12 days to catch and transplant in the reservoir for feeding. In addition, the collection of frys of pikes and transplanting them in reservoirs from the twisted bochages, canvas, other shallow days after the spring downturn in the rivers.
In addition to the pike should be maintained at the proper level, the number and other predators from among the valuable large-particle rocks of fish - Sudak, Nalim, Soma in those reservoirs in which many low-value and weed fish species divorced.
If we continue to do only with the withdrawal of predatory fish, without worrying about the replenishment of their number, then this may lead to undesirable consequences. Separate natural reservoirs may be in excess of populated low-value fish species that do not represent a large nutritional value.
In the reservoirs of Russia and Belarus, Pike is common everywhere. But far from everyone knows what size it can reach. Pike is sometimes higher than human growth and weigh up to 60 kg. Maximum sizes of pike - 1.5 m, mass - 30-35 kg. She reaches sexual maturity at the age of 2-4 years. The life expectancy of this fish is interpreted differently. The extreme age of Pike is 33. It is predatory so much that it rushes on everything, even on his relatives. Pike is very strong, mobile and tirelessness. There are cases when the pike attacked another, almost the same value as herself. Sometimes it is possible to observe how the pike-female in an artificial pond (spawning-wik) after the completion of the "marriage rite" (spawning) and the appearance of offspring immediately "seed" with their "beloved", especially since the males-fitness are significant for spawning smaller in size than females. However, with all its greed, the pike shows some intelligibility. She prefers more carp fish, hiding, roach, redfall, crucian. With a big alert refers to barbed fish; Yershu and perch. If the pike and caught such a fish, then it does not swallow it right away, and keeps in the teeth until it stops moving.
Pike grows very quickly. In the pond farms, the pussy fry, placed in the ponds for joint cultivation with the carp, if there is enough feed in the form of a weed fish in one summer, they reach the mass of 350-400 g and 30-40 cm of length. According to the growth rate, it occupies one of the first places among the lake sputum in spring species of fish. One fish pike, however, is not limited. She eats frogs, attacks ducks and other waterfowl. Pike does not brups and water rats, mice, earthying, squirrels and other small animals, swimming through the water. No wonder it is called the "thunderstorm" of the reservoir. Sometimes there is an opinion that pike as a predator hurts great harm to fish reserves. This look is based on the incorrect assessment of the value of any predator in nature in general and pike in particular, on exaggerated concepts about the number of fish, it is exterminated. Pike is a regulator of the Fishetic Population: Singing low-value trifles, sick and weak fish, it thus makes it possible to grow faster and more healthy offspring. Pike - Fish is not a mustache. Both in rivers and lakes is held in places with moderate flow, not very deep, grassy, \u200b\u200brelevant around the banks. Pike is quite somewhat fishing and only in spring, in front of spawning, climbs up the river, and it goes into the pool. She eats a lot, but digested food very slowly.
The painting of the pike body is good masks it among overgrown vegetation. At the extraction of pike attacks usually from the ambush rapid, but a short throw. At the same time, it flies very rarely. Maching, usually does not repeat the attacks, but returns to the ambush to wait for another sacrifice. Pike mining most often enough across, but it always swallows from the head, turning it into the mouth of the movement of the jaws. And it does it on the go, without stopping in place after the throw. On this habit and is based on her fishing gear.
Sudak is a large predatory fish, reaching lengths up to 1 m or more, weighs up to 10, and some copies and up to 20 kg. It is found mainly in large rivers and those communicating with them. Sudak lives up to 15 years. Sexual maturity comes on the 4-5th year. Fish pike perch can also be called sea and freshwater fish, as in large quantities it is seen both in the Azov, Aral, Black and Caspian seas and in large lakes and rivers. Closer to the northern regions of Russia, as well as in the West and the south-west of Europe, Sudak meets rarely or not at all. This fish is found in reservoirs with clean water. Every year, a certain group of Lakes of the Lakes of Pupil's Paschadge. Sudak - Heat-water fish. It grows best at a temperature of 15-18 °. Poor tolerates the lack of oxygen. Its young under favorable conditions is growing rapidly.
For 2 years, Sudak can reach a mass of 1 kg or more. By the nature of the feeder, animal fish. Its young during the first period feeds mainly by zooplankton and partially insect larvae and fry fish, in the future goes to food with small fish, and in our conditions - Ukley, the droplets, shallow roach, etc. Large fish pike perch is not able to capture due to small The size of the grazing and pharynx. Sudak dwells at different depths, depending on the placement of its main food and thermal conditions in certain periods of the year. Unlike Pike, he is actively hunting for his prey and avoids areas with thickets, since here he himself can become food for pike. It is increasing at a temperature of about 15 ° in April - June, depending on the climatic conditions of the area. Sudak - Staya Fish. It dwells in deeply reinforced, closed pits, quarries, Rails, old rivers of the rivers of the city of P. However, the location of the pike perch is non-permanent. Where he was well caught on the day before, the next day he may not be. Sudak catch in water bodies sometimes exceeds 400 c per year.
Nalim is the only representative of the Cod Family, which lives in fresh water. Nalim has a peculiar body shape, sharply different from other fish. He has a flat head, the body to the tail part on the sides is very compressed and stretched out. Cleaning is dense, protected in gentle, small scales. It has two dorsal fins: the first is short, the second is long, the same length and anal fin. Inherent in a grayish-green spin painting with dark spots and stripes. The belly is pronounced sharply, has a whitish shade. The body slippery, on the chin in Nalima is one mustache. The lifestyle is very peculiar. He does not like sunlight, sleeping in day, and at night goes on hunting. Nalm is extremely greedy and insatiable predator. He eats other fish more than pike. It has circumpolar distribution. Usually it is found in the rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean. On the territory of Russia, Navy is common in the reservoirs of the Arctic and moderate zones, in the basins of the Baltic, White, Black and Caspian Seas and in the basins of all Siberian rivers from Ob to Anadyr throughout their length. Nalim reaches the length of 1 m, the mass is up to 5 kg, although there are separate individuals, weighing up to 24 kg. In our water bodies, the mass of Nalima reaches from 1 to 2 kg. Sexual maturity reaches aged 3-4 years. Very fruit. There are females that take up to 3 million eggs. It is spores in January, when the reservoirs are covered with a thick layer of ice. Lives up to 22 years old. He loves cold clean water and extremely susceptible to its pollution. In the summer months, when water is strongly heated, it goes into deep pools, darkened places, hides in the holes, under the squigs, stones. It becomes a larger. In the heat of Nalim does not eat. When the location is found at this time, it can be easily caught hands. Nalim - Fish is a bottom and, despite the lazy and sluggish appearance, very quickly and deftly floats. Adult Nalim feeds on fish: Most of all sandwiches, hersha and small perchs, does not neglect their own young. Sometimes at the opening of a mass of up to 1.2 kg in the stomach, over 40 perchs weighing 3-5 g. Especially strong emptying produces in winter when his appetite increases, and the other fish is more sleepy and sluggish than in the summer, in the last Years in catch meets less often.
Okun is a typical representative of the lakes and rivers. Like a pike, is the widespread spread in the reservoirs of Russia and Belarus. The average lifespan perch is 17 years old. Sexual maturity comes on the 4-5th year. It is evidence that the perch reaches sizes to half a meter and mass from 2 to 5 kg. By his predatory greed, the perch is not inferior to the pike. Unusually voracious. If in front of him is a rich prey, he, barely swallowing one fish, immediately after her swallows the second, etc., so that often caught fry, without placing him in his stomach, sticking out of his mouth. The perch is a long time in the ambush, from where it rushes to prey or chasing small fish. Eats perch any fish, if only she was a suitable magnitude. Do not give mercy and their own offspring. They do not cease to eat in the fall, nor in winter. Favoric food of the perch is the caviar of the valuable rocks of fish. In winter, when the reservoirs are covered with a thick layer of ice, the perch does not stop the robber lifestyle, destroying fish-kids. Especially voracious he after spawning. Spawn shortly after pike. At this time, good time begins for fishermen lovers. The perch prefers cool water and does not like to swim near the surface of the water, but when the flocks of small fish appear, for which he hunts, immediately rises from the depth. However, he does not live at the very bottom, and he keeps the unfortunate from him. The perch is actively swimming in the afternoon, and after the sunset ceases to move and, as it were, sleep. It does not completely tolerate heat. At this time, he hides in shady places or in plants, and then continues to hunt.
Som is one of the largest freshwater predatory fish. It reaches dimensions up to 5 m long, and the masses are sometimes over 300 kg. Such giants consider scientists, usually have an age of 80-100 years. In Nutrition, Som does not happen anything. Hells mollusks, frogs, even large fish. Often in the mouth of the catfish, ducks, geese, water rats and other birds and animals, which float in the habitat of Soma. Som spawn in spring or early summer, in clean and quiet water on the "nests". The female breast fins digs in the soil the nest in the form of a fossa in which the caviar posts. The number of iconic reaches 130 thousand caviar of female swords aged 4-5 years at a water temperature of 18-20 °. Soma belong to the number of caring parents. After spawning, they guard the fertilized caviar in the "nests". In the fall of the Soma go to the wintering, they are often located in the pit often quite numerous groups, burling the heads in il. Catch the catfish with hook tools, caidal non-divas, fishing traps. Som - Fish is strong. The experienced fishermen claim: if Som got on the fishing rod, it is not so easy to pull it out. Fighting him at the very beginning promises many surprises. It happens that non-fisherman dismisses catfish, and COM lead a fisherman with a boat. Feeling the resistance of the tackle, he tries to overcome it with a rapid movement in a straight line. It makes no sense to restrain it at that moment. It should be released 20-30 cm fishing line, sometimes more, not allowing the struggle in the short distance. The further the predator leaves from the coast, the more he is tired and the more real than the chances of fisherman to win. In the process of buying CSR, it is tired and runs on the bottom. Then it is easy to take it.
Somma meat tasty, contains a lot of fat and few bones. Soma can be breed in special ponds, where many low-value fish. Going it, it grows relatively rapidly. Som dwells in deep-sea water bodies, pools, near the dams in old mills, in the relevant areas.
Choil, one of the most beautiful fish of our reservoirs. Speaking of "ours", there is due to the reservoir of the Lipetsk region, although this is true, probably for the entire middle strip of Russia. That's what, for example, Leonid Pavlovich Sabaneyev writes about him - the description of Glavaniva: "... Haval is very beautiful. The back of him is a dark green, almost black, sides of silver with a yellowish tint, the edges of individual scales are shaved with a brilliant dark border, consisting of black dots; Breast fins Orange, abdominal and rear-in-interest - with a reddish tint, and the spinal and especially tail feather - dark blue, sometimes somewhat sophisticated; The eyes are relatively very large, shiny, with a brown-green spot from above. In general, a major chub is only closer to a phenomenon, but much longer, the thicker and the latter's latter ... ".
At the chunks of the dorsal and tail fins are dark, with black edging around the edges. Most likely it is due to the features of habitats, therefore, in some other rivers, the color and exterior may differ slightly from the above. "In the river", because it is in small rivers and in the upper reaches of large rivers, where the abundance of throws and springs with cold waterHe is the most numerous: it is easier for him to withstand food competition with other predators, there is an abundance of feed from the sky, and from the bottom in the form of all sorts of larvae, raffs and grass, and in addition, and a huge amount of fishes that he will eat with pleasure .
Among the major predatory fish are the most famous sharks, 20 families of which include about 250 species. For a person, about 50 of their species are clearly and potentially dangerous, attacks 29 species documented. It is almost difficult to distinguish predatory views from unsoligious. Therefore, any shark should be feared with a length of 1-2 m or more, with the exception of the largest (length of up to 10-15 m) whale shark, which is fed by plankton.
The most dangerous for a person is the big white shark, or the "shark-cannibal", which has a length of up to 11 m, a tiger shark, shark Mako and Australian shark. They attack a person and hammerhead sharks, whose head has two large growing in the sides, on the outer edges of which are eye. In the territorial waters of Russia there are no dangerous sharks, with the exception of the Japanese Sea, where they can meet in the summer. In the Black Sea there are 2 types of small sharks: Katran ("Sea dog", "barbed shark") up to 1-1.5 m and small (up to 1 m) spotted shark sillium. To bite these sharks can only randomly with careless behavior of the diver. Katran, bent by the body of the arc, can rapidly cut a cut and injection spicy spike. These wounds are very painful and heal for a long time.
Large sharks apply the most severe wounds, which in 50-80% of cases lead to the death of victims of bleeding and shock. The force of compression of the jaws shark reaches 18 vehicles. A few shark bite can dismember the human body into parts. The rigid shark skin can damage soft hydraulic displacement or wetsuit and harass the skin. Shark can catch the fluctuations in water noisy floating person at a distance of 200 m long before it honors the smell of blood. The most often sharks attack in tropical and subtropical waters between 15 and 16 hours.
It is also dangerous to mureens, which reach a length of 3 m with a thickness of a body of 30 cm. They are hidden in underwater caves, rafts, thickets of vegetation and corals. If a person suddenly appears to be moray or injured her, then she can cause deep painful wounds with their teeth. Cases of the death of divers, who were able to free the hand from the dead grip of Moray. It is common that with the bite of Moray makes a poison. However, the poisonism of Muren is not reliably established, and most researchers consider them non-union.
Some fish can strike a person with electric shock. These include electric catfish, electric eel and several types of electric cattle rods, which are widespread in the tropical and moderate areas of the oceans. Meet in black, Japanese and Barents seas. Delivered in shallow water, most of the time spend on the bottom, burning in the sand. Electric acne and skates are capable of giving electric current discharges from 8 to 350 V and more. When touched to a large electric slope, the current discharge can be so strong that he knocks down a person with legs and causes severe weakness, dizziness, heart activities and respiration. The current of the electric eel is rather weak (usually shares of the ampere), but sometimes the appearance of short current discharges with a frequency of up to 300 pulses per second with a power of 1 kW (500V2 a) is possible. First aid and treatment of lesions by predatory fish is made under the general rules for surgical processing of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Measures are taken to stop bleeding, anti-co-therapy is carried out, tetanus anatoxine is introduced, antibiotics are prescribed. The victim must be hospitalized as soon as possible.
Under damage to the current of the electric slide, the patient needs peace, according to the testimony, anti-shock treatment is carried out. Recovery usually passes without complications. Prevention of lesions by predatory and dangerous fish is to comply with precautions during diving descents in habitats of hazardous marine animals. The divers should be instructed by the possibility of the appearance of these animals, safety measures and the applied tools (repellents, emitters of various designs, asylum arbor, remedies, etc.). The descents should be carried out by a group of divers at least two people, of which one is insistent and observes the appearance of predators. Divers must be dressed in waterproof clothing, since it is noticed that shark is much less likely attacks a dressed man than naked. Diver equipment must be painted in a monophonic dark color. Near the divers should be a gazebo-shelter with a door open and taken to the stopper. The place of descent must have a boat with insuring diver and a team for circular observation of the surface of the water and scaring the marine predators. During the period of diving work in the habitat area of \u200b\u200bdangerous marine animals, it is strictly forbidden to throw out food waste aboard.
Not less danger than shark, a sword-fish, having a length of up to 4.5 m and armed with a solid bone sword. Large barracudes, the length of which reaches 2-3 m, quickly float, can suddenly and rapidly attack, inflicting serious, difficult wounds with their sharp large teeth. Barracuda persistently react to bright items and movement of water. A sailboat can harm the person with a sword with a blow that distinguishes mucus. At the site of the lesion, a ulcer is formed, prone to suppuration.
Divers should move under water calmly and smoothly, to show attention and carefulness, avoid contacts with unfamiliar representatives of the sea fauna, to conduct narrowness examination only with a sixth or diploma. When predators, divers should immediately report to the manager of the descent, cut a package with a repellent and go into a gazebo-shelter or climb up, using a diving knife to protect against a predator if necessary. In the absence of gazebo-asylum, diving should rise at the same time "back to back", repulcing predators with remedies. In some cases, the shark managed to drive, hitting her on the nose, eyes or gowns. Being in the area of \u200b\u200bthe possible appearance of sharks, diver when receiving even a minor scratch should get out of the water. Diving work in the habitats of dangerous marine animals are prohibited:
