If you look at the submersible from a technical point of view, you will have to agree that this is a very high-tech unit:
The cost of the well pump is relatively high, installation in the casing - folded. Hence the conclusion: The well pump is the equipment that needs to be tried as close as possible and change. And for this you need to create for it optimal conditions operation, then the equipment will last as long as possible without breakdowns and failures.
Any electric motor (and the pump is, in fact, the electric motor) at the time of launching is experiencing maximum loads. The less often the engine is turned on, the longer it will last. That is why in the water supply scheme country house The accumulative tank is provided - simple or hydroaccumulatory - so that the pump for one cycle of work can pump up as much water as possible.
In this case, in the work of the water pipeline, the well pump will be involved only when the water level decreases in the accumulative tank. In the absence of a container with a water margin, the pump engine will be started every time an activation of at least one point of the water intake.
The second negative factor is starting currents exceeding the nominal at times. This is due to the inertness of the mechanical part of the electric motor, when the rotation of the components begins slightly later than the power supply. At frequent starts pumping equipment and the constant occurrence of high starting currents gradually due to high heat loads decreases the protective function of the engine winding isolation. And this is already fraught with short circuit and, as a result, breakdown the pump.
To reduce the value of the start current, it is necessary to provide installation of a smooth start system. We bring to your attention two types of smooth starting pump systems:
The principle of supplying power to the pump using SAU electronic stations is the automatic smooth increase in voltage adjustable by phase control. Using the trigger frequency conversion is held at the level of nominal.
The main functions of the SAU:
The disadvantages of SAU include high cost of equipment.
Do you know?
Some manufacturers of borehole pumps offer models with a built-in smooth start system. For example, Grundfos series SQ and SQE.
"Why it is necessary to provide a smooth start of a downhole pump", BC "Search", tell friends: January 3rd, 2016
About how cool to have a well at home know everything. It is convenient and efficient until nothing breaks. And the problems will sooner or later let them know, and according to the law of meanness, at the most inopportune moment. Refuse well and dig well - not an option. It is better to prevent possible accidents and protect against them in advance.
Water from the well rises with a special deep pump. Depending on the design of the water supply, it is pumped into a special tank - a hydroaccumulator or fed directly to the plumbing.
The system with the reservoir is more suitable for a private house. For example, for a family of 3-4 people, there is a middle of 70 liters per day. For such water, you will need a 50-liter hydroaccumulator to the appropriate volume, pressure switch and pump with a pumping speed of 1 m3 / h. All together will cost $ 100.
But, for the hotel for 12 rooms, this option is unprofitable, because you will need a tank of size as a whole number. The 500-liter hydroaccumulator will cost $ 400 and will occupy a lot of useful space. Cheaper and more efficient to buy a frequency converter for $ 150-200.
Plottearter regulates the turnover of the electric motor depending on the pressure in the plumbing. It works like this principle:
US convenience
For example, when a visitor in the hotel room takes a shower, the pressure in the water supply is dropped, and the pump is running faster. When the tap is spinning, the electric motor operates on small revolutions so that the water does not flow from the pipes. So, if you unscrew the crane, it will instantly begin to flow under the desired pressure.
Electricity safety
When turned on, each electric motor consumes 3-4 times more electricity - the starting current occurs. At this point, the network load is respectively 300-400% of the nominal. The peak holds the splint of a second while the electric motor will not be on normal revisions. What is it dangerous?
Let's go back to our hotel. To interrule electricity, no visitors without the benefits of civilization, any responsible host will install a generator. Suppose that power reserve source There will be 20 kW, of which 10 kW will immediately go to lighting, air conditioners, outlets with laptops, etc.
The pump power is 5 kW, but since its starting current is 3 nominal, at the start it will take all 15 kW. The generator can provide only 10 kW, but this will be small to the electric motor. Such a load will output the generator, and as a result, the hotel will remain without light and water.
Frequency converter removes starting current. If there were frequency in the previous example, the load on the generator would not exceed 15 kW and it would work in safe mode.
Long service life
Starting current harms not only the network, but also the electric motor. Each time it is turned on, it works in non-standard mode and briefly withstands the load on which it is not designed. Slow starts and stops increase the wear of the electric motor. The frequency converter makes a smooth stop than increases the service life twice.
Published by the author - - November 8, 2013What will happen if not to protect the water supply system?
So that the water supply of the house was uninterrupted and efficient, it still needs protection. Undoubtedly, the pump is the main element in the system, but no matter how expensive and qualitative it is, it will not save him from a short circuit.
Accidents happen not only under water, but also in the submersible cable and even at home. It is difficult to predict what is broken first. In order not to play the lottery, it is better to protect yourself from everything immediately.
High starting current - a problem for systems with limiting maximum power. The machine can knock out the system uninterrupted power Get into overload mode. How to be?
A successful solution will be the use of a device of a smooth start (UPP). For example, we have a single-phase submersible 1kW power pump, located in the well at a depth of 50 meters. For the start of its engine, 4-6 multiple starting current will be required, i.e. The system must withstand short-term power around 5kW. For example, the inverter, calculated on 3kW, simply will not be able to start. The moment of the start will also be accompanied by a sharp increase in pressure, which actually means hydrocating through the water supply system.
In line, feeding the pump insert the UPP. The device for a specified time (usually up to 20 seconds) smoothly lifts the voltage, which will allow the pump with acceleration to promote the impeller, without a jerk. As a result, we equated the starting current to the nominal, i.e. It made up the amount of 1kW and significantly extended the life of the submersible pump (the service life increases somewhere 2 times, given the cost of the pump, the decision to use the UPP, even in the absence of a system of energy reservation becomes obvious):
Imagine a connection scheme that can be used both with single-phase and three-phase equipment:
Is there any restrictions to use a smooth starter? Yes, there are also about them to know:
1) UPP cannot be used with refrigerators. High starting current is necessary for breaking in the motion of the compressor valves
2) similarly for air conditioners and other equipment
If you have any questions, I will be happy to answer in the comments!
Smooth start asynchronous engine - It is always a difficult task, because to start an induction motor requires high current and torque that can burn the winding of the electric motor. Engineers are constantly offered and implement interesting technical solutions To overcome this problem, for example, the use of the inclusion scheme, autotransformer, etc.
Currently, similar methods are applied in various industrial installations For uninterrupted operation of electric motors.
The principle of operation of the induction electric motor is known from physics, the whole essence of which is to use the difference between the frequencies of rotation of the magnetic fields of the stator and the rotor. The magnetic field of the rotor, trying to catch up with the magnetic field of the stator, contributes to the excitation of a large starting current. The motor operates at full speed, while the torque value is also increasing after the current. As a result, the aggregate winding may be damaged due to overheating.
Thus, the installation of a soft starter becomes necessary. The UPP for three-phase asynchronous motors allow you to protect the aggregates from the initial high current and the torque arising from the effect of the slip when the induction motor operation.
Advantageous features of applying a scheme with a smooth starter device (UPP):
There are five basic methods of smooth start.
Most schemes household appliances And electrical instruments were created on the basis of the collector electric motor 220 V. Such a demand is explained by universality. For units, powered from constant or alternating voltage. The advantage of the scheme is due to the provision of an efficient starting point.
To achieve a smoother start and have the ability to set the speed of rotation, revolutions are applied.
Starting the electric motor with your own hands can be done, for example, thus.
Water supply of a private house. Principle of operation. Connection diagram.
The most common option of automatic water supply is as follows.
Water supply scheme of a private house:
Read more on video:
Can't watch video? See the black square
Description of the elements of the scheme
Submersible pump The rotary has protection against dry stroke. Dry protection protection works as follows: Due to the heat relay, the pump power is turned off. This thermal relay is built into the submersible pump. Therefore, when you buy a submersible pump, make sure the pump seller is that the submersible pump has a thermal relay in it. Therefore, the relay of dry stroke is not required.
Other Dry Protection Methods
The design of the heat relay: In the thermal relay there is a special design, which under the action of temperature changes changes the position of electrical contacts. Contacts in turn closure or blur contacts. And if the engine is overheated, the thermal relay turns off. The deviation of the contacts can be caused by changing the position of the contacts using a special alloy of two layers having different thermal characteristics at the expense of which contacts are deviated. Either due to special gas, which, when heated, expands and rejects contacts. In any case, the principle is one: when the temperature is raised to turn off the pump.
The principle of operation of the heat relay: Preheated electromagnetic windings transmit heat relay temperature and turns off the pump. And if there is no water, then the thermal relay gets a large temperature overheating temperature. That is, if the engine is knocked, there is no water movement or there will be no water, the engine is strongly overheated and heats the thermal relay, and the relay in turn turns off the pump. After about 5-10 minutes, the thermal relay cools, and the pump is turned on again. This is based on the principle of protection of the pump from dry stroke.
Smooth start of pumps. Some submersible pumps are equipped with smooth start. Smooth start This ability of the pump to work at full capacity is not immediately, but with a gradual increase in power. Usually, a well-known pump is working for me: from 0 to 2 seconds the power increases in proportion to the time passed (0 sec \u003d 0% W, 0.5 seconds \u003d 25% W, 1 sec. \u003d 50% W, 1.5 sec. \u003d 75 % W, 2 sec. \u003d 100% W).
Moreover, the smooth start and thermal relay are already embedded in the submersible pump and are in the well and do not require an additional expensive automation. The smooth start of the pump is required if you have a long pipeline from the well to the house. If the length of the pipe exceeds 30 meters, then it should be alened and buy a pump with a smooth start. That is, 2 seconds of smooth start are suitable for pipe length from 30 to 100 meters of pipe. If the length of the pipes exceeds 100 meters, then a more accurate calculation should be made on overloading pumps and pipelines, including calculating the flow rate of the pump.
Contact calculations to a specialist: Order Service for the calculation
Pump with thermal relay and smooth start: Borehole pumps Grundfos SQ, SQE, download passport:
GRUNDFOS SQ Pump Instructions
By the way, Grundfos SQ borehole pumps, SQE have a sufficiently small diameter to approach all narrow wells having a small diameter. Sometimes it happens that the well is obtained from two pipes of different diameters. A tube with a small diameter is deep. Therefore, in such cases, Grundfos SQ, SQE pumps will help. The pump diameter is 74 mm. Minimum 36mm well diameter
Pump with built-in check valve. Many manufacturers including Grundfos provide pumps with check valves. But if you need to remove this reverse, then this can be done. The instructions indicate just a snack of supports that hold the valve and extracted from the pump.
Removal check valve It is necessary in cases where it is necessary to create conditions at which it would be possible to lower the water back into the well in order to leave the pipe without water. (for winter conditions when disconnecting heating). At high height, hydraulic strikes are possible.
Check valve
Many experienced plumbers can offer for the place of the mud filter to put the filter mesh wash - I will say that this is a banal waste of money. Also, the wash filter according to the degree of cleaning is characterized by a maximum of two times. That is, the degree of purification of the filter of the mud 500 microns. A flushing 200 microns.
Pressure switch
Over the years, the pressure relay is clogged with small crumbs (garbage) and the relay begins to clone. This is due to the fact that the smallest mud grains are accumulated in the pressure relay chamber. In this regard, the mechanism cannot be shifted to the required value to turn on the pump. It happens pollution accumulated even in one year, and it happens and is lacking for a cloud. That is, it all depends on the groundwater. Such blockages can be caused steel pipeswho allocate rusty crumbs of garbage over the years.
The filter of the mud does not help to avoid it. Even if you are ahead of the pressure relay, put the filter of fine cleaning, you will still have a cluster of the smallest garbage in the pressure relay chamber. I had a client, and I made him automation with a filter in front, the practice showed - it does not help.
Example from practice:
That is, the fine cleaning filter does not cope with the shallow garbage.
There is one way out of the position (against the pressure relay break), it is to make a pressure switch on a separate pipeline branch. And exclude the hit and settlement of the smallest garbage.
The smallest garbage will not be able to climb up and part of the water space and the filter of the mud will not be able to mix the smallest garbage for sedimentation in the pressure relay chamber.
Principle of operation of pressure relay
This device has thresholds for inclusion and shutdown. That is, when the lower pressure threshold, the contacts are closed, and with exceeding the upper pressure threshold, contacts are blocked. Thus, including turning off the pump.
Example of pressure switch (sequential action)
Pressure is 0 Bar \u003d\u003e Relay Contacts Closed \u003d\u003e Power supply 220 volts \u003d\u003e Pressure increase \u003d\u003e Reaching 2.8 BAR Contacts Unlock \u003d\u003e Power pump stops \u003d\u003e Pump does not work.
Water consumption \u003d\u003e Pressure drops \u003d\u003e Reaching 1.4 bar Contacts closer \u003d\u003e Power supply 220 volts \u003d\u003e Pressure increase \u003d\u003e Reaching 2.8 Bar Contacts Unlock \u003d\u003e Power pump stops \u003d\u003e Pump does not work.
By default, these thresholds are equal: (factory settings) Lower 1.4 BAR, the upper pressure threshold is 2.8 Bar. Pressure Range 1-5 Bar.
Download instructions for use of this PM5 and RDM5 relay: Passport Pressure Relay Instructions
Setting up pressure relay
If globally: the pressure of the pressure differential instrument increases or reduces the difference between the on / off thresholds. That is, if you delay the spring, then the difference between the thresholds will be increased (P2-P1).
An example of adjusting a small spring,
P1 - Nizhny Turning Threshold (contact closure) (default P1 \u003d 1.4 BAR)
P2 - the upper shutdown threshold (contact opening) (default P2 \u003d 2.8 BAR)
P3 is the difference between the thresholds (P2-P1) \u003d (2.8-1.4) \u003d 1.4 bar
An example of a low spring tightening leads to an increase in P1 and an increase in P2. With the only difference that P2 will increase more. As a result, we get an increase in the difference between P1 and P2. The difference is (P2-P1).
Suppose that P1 pressure increased to 1.6 BAR? Whereas P2 increased to 3.4 BAR. (3.4-1.6) \u003d 1.8 bar. Thus, we have increased the difference between the thresholds (P2-P1).
An example of setting a large spring,
Tightening a large spring, we increase the pressure of both thresholds with the only difference that P1 increases more. That is, we regulate the pressure threshold P1.
Outcome: The large spring is more affected by P1, and the small spring affects the P2 anymore.
An example of setting up both springs
1. To begin with, set the lower threshold P1. We increase or reduce the strength of a large spring, achieving the desired pressure.
2. then set up the upper threshold P2. Increase or reduce the strength of a small spring, achieving the desired pressure.
3. When adjusting a small spring, the threshold of the lower pressure P1 has changed. The setup cycle is repeated to achieve the necessary thresholds.
Electrical Pressure Relay Connection Scheme
Grounding to a greater degree protects a person from shocking in cases of phase contact in the housing. And also protects devices from the side effects of the contact phase of the body. And only if a differential automaton is present in the system of the electrical node. Which will register the contact phase contact and turn off the power network.
If you do not connect the Contact Earth (PE) you still will run the pump. Because most often, the grounding serves as evil protection of a person from shocking and side effects of contact phase-land (body).
Filters
As you can see, the choice is great, and for the trunk filters with good bandwidth, a diameter of at least 1 "inches is selected (vn. Diameter \u003d 25mm.).
For our scheme, the following are suitable main filters (Kristal):
Only mechanical cleaning cartridges are inserted into them:
Chemical and other cleaning cartridges in trunk flasks are not inserted. In order to clean the water to receive inside use 3 or 5 speed filters to obtain drinking water. Read more:
Water purification filters
Cartridges for mechanical (fine) cleaning is used with bandwidth from 5 to 20 microns. (Micrometers). 1 mm. \u003d 1000 μm. It is much smaller than the filters of the mud (500 microns.) And washing filters (200 microns). So, it is possible to obtain more purified water from fine-grained sand.
Why do you not put filters ahead of the automation? Filters type filter mud, washing filter and trunk filters of fine cleaning.
Answer: Because the filter creates hydraulic resistance. The filter of the mud and the wash filter can reach 10, a fine filter from 1 or more, depending on the filter bar.
That is, on the line the pump-hydroaccumulator should not be elements that create explicit hydraulic resistance. Since the flow rate of the pump hydroaccumulator should always be good. If the filter is clogged, this will lead to the fact that the pump will work in the load. Getting trash in the hydroaccumulator is not scary.
But the filter of the mud is allowed to be installed, since during installation or repair in the pipeline can fall different garbage. This filter of the span will not miss an unexpected trash. Also, the filter of the mud with 500 μm is not clogged, as a stray filter is already present in the submersible pump. As a result, the filter of the mud at the entrance serves only as a guarantor from not foreseen garbage in the system.
As already mentioned in this scheme, there is no filter of the mud on the line pump-hydroaccumulator, which increases the capacity of the bandwidth. And the filter of the mud on the pressure relay line serves as a kind of protection against garbage from entering the pressure relay chamber.
Cranes on the line pump-hydroaccumulator are strictly prohibited.
When the crane is closed, the pump will continue to work and it will cause very large pressure in the pipeline on the line pump-hydroaccumulator. Pressure relay will not register the pressure, since ball crane Will not do this. Just protect yourself from the fool and do not put the crane. Because sooner or later there is some person who will close the crane with the pumping of the pump.
Hydraulic shock protection Using a safety valve.
Hydroat may occur if the hydroaccumulator comes out of normal operation. That is, when the pump turns on, the hydroaccumulator does not take into itself an excess pressure. In other words, this is a peculiar protection of the pipeline from the hydraulic impact. That pressure that can be created will be thrown through a safety valve.
If the water supply pressure is approximately in the range of 1.5-5.5 BAR. It is not difficult to assume that the trigger pressure should be 6-7 BAR. To eliminate the flood, it is necessary that the pump is not able to exceed the pressure of 6 bar.
In a private house, the pressure is enough to keep no more than 3 bar. But if suddenly the pressure relay does not correctly respond or disables it to 3 bar, then it is not pipe to assume that the pressure can reach 6 Bar under the condition that the pump pressure is sufficient for this. And then it will be later. And to exclude then, then you need to connect the fuse in sewer pipe. So that surplus water went into the sewer.
Flexible hose to hydroaccumulator
Hydroaccumulator. Principle of operation, assignment and configuration.
A flexible hose can be used for the pipeline. This is a rubber hose coated with steel wire in order to restrain the expansion of rubber.
We do not use a flexible hose for two reasons:
1. It is not always possible to buy it in the market. That is, sometimes you need to try to find the desired length and size.
2. Similar flexible hoses Once showed their noise in the strength of steel. That is, they could simply overcome or crap, which caused more foster.
Submersible pump
There are two types submersible pumpswhich differ among themselves:
1. Baby Vibrating Pump
2. Submersible rotary Sosel.
Some pumps have the protection of the pump from dry stroke. Thermal relay. How the thermal relay works was described above.
And also have a smooth start function, for example pump Grundfos. and is 2 seconds. This feature is suitable for whom the length of the pipe from the well to the house reaches over 30 meters. It was described above.
If there is a choice between pumps: vibration and rotary, then choose a rotary pump. Vibrating pump is a kind of cheap toy.
FirstlyThe vibration pump works as a piston pump in which constant vibration is underway. And the vibration in some wells is very detrimental. Vibration contributes to the rapid sand tap in the well. And no filters in the borehole pipes will not help the sand collapse and yals. Since today in boreholes are made simple holes. And these holes are not made from grids. In addition, if your well is in stony places, the pipe does not start at all. It's just a stone, and a pipe is not mounted inside the stone. And on top for convenience, a meter tube 2-4 is mounted.
Secondly Babe vibration pump has a small consumption of up to 1 m3 / hour. Unlike the most common submersible up to 4 m3 / hour.
Surface pump
This is a pump that is at the top and not immersed in the well. But these pumps have shortcomings. About this below.
Selection of diameters
Read more about the selection of diameters is written in the sections:
Hydraulics and heat engineering
Designer of water heating
Private case
Most of the hosts of private houses will prefer to go to the store and consult with a consultant. Consultants will ask a couple of questions and will say to buy a self-priming pump. And make a fatal error.
Read more about self-priming pumps: automatic water supply with the use of self-priming pump.
