Shcherbakova Elizaveta
Project Manager:
Shcherbakova Lidia Vasilievna
Institution:
MBOU "Poroshevskaya main comprehensive school"The village of Poroshevo
In the presented research project in mathematics "Is it profitable to keep a cow?" Due to the fact that the number of cows in Russia has significantly decreased in recent years, the author studies how beneficial it is to keep a cow for rural residents, and whether it is generally beneficial.
In the process of working on research project in mathematics "Is it profitable to keep a cow?" A 9th grade student set a goal to find out whether it is profitable for a rural family to keep a cow on their personal subsidiary plots.
In the proposed project on mathematics "Is it profitable to keep a cow?" the author proposed mathematical formulas, according to which the calculation of financial costs and profits of a rural family, keeping one cow and a calf in a subsidiary farm, was made.
Introduction
1. Keeping a cow: pros and cons.
Conclusion
Literature
A person gets the main amount of calcium from milk. Milk, in terms of its importance in the nutrition of the population, ranks second after bread. The choice of my research work was based on the words of my grandfather that it is profitable to keep a cow, but in our beloved village in recent years, for some reason, there are fewer cows. Any Slavic village is unthinkable without a cow.
There were times when a cow was kept at every yard, regardless of social status and wealth. The cow itself was considered a symbol of wealth. But times have changed, and so have priorities. According to many people, it is more profitable now to earn money in the social sphere, and not in the agricultural one.
There is a version that today it is easier to slaughter or surrender livestock than to feed them. Many do not even think about it - they keep it in order to feed their families. After all, you can sell milk, sour cream, butter, cheese and eat it yourself. You won't stay hungry. But again, you need to work around the clock, 365 days a year, without holidays and days off.
According to economists who calculate the profitability of keeping livestock, it is more profitable to rent than to feed. Especially in recent years, when due to weather conditions quite a large amount of grain harvest is lost, and not only.
Problem: Despite the benefits of milk and dairy products, various programs aimed at the development of agriculture, including cattle breeding, in recent years in Russia, there are fewer and fewer cows. There is an opinion that keeping cows is not profitable.
Target: find out whether it is profitable for a rural family to keep a cow on a personal subsidiary farm
Tasks:
Object of study : cow of black and white breed,
For reference: After interviewing the villagers, we found out that the black-and-white breed of cows is most widespread in the village of Poroshevo. Therefore, the object of research is this breed of cows.
From scientific literature it turned out that in terms of development these are rather large animals: the live weight of calves at birth is 30-35 kg, heifers at one year of age - 322 (in breeding farms 355-370 kg), cows - 488 (in breeding farms 524-541 kg), bulls - 850-1070 kg. Adult animals are quite tall (height at the withers of cows 128-135, bulls - 138-156 cm).
The color is predominantly black and white. In herds in breeding farms, the average milk yield of cows is 6306 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.82% (milk fat production is 241 kg). In fact, when interviewing the inhabitants of our village, the milk yield of a cow of this color is approximately 3060 kg. (2750 liters).
In black-and-white cows, the protein content in milk is 3.2-3.4%, and the udder index is 40-43%, the milk yield is 1.68 kg / min. Animals are rather early maturing: the average age at first calving is 31, in breeding plants and breeding farmers - 29-30 months.
Hypothesis: Subsistence farming helps in saving family budget our families.
Research method :
The results and the course of the research allow expanding and deepening knowledge about economic costs and profits from home farming.
Practical value
: Finding out the benefits of subsidiary farming for the budget of a rural family.
Keeping poultry and small pets is a common option among farmers and villagers. But keeping a cow is a much more difficult task. Is it profitable to keep this animal on the farm? And if so, how profitable is it? Detailed answers to these and other questions in a real story from a girl who just has a cow in her household.
Why cow and dairy? Yes, because, as our grandmothers used to say: "A cow in the yard means wealth in the family." One cannot argue with this even today.
Indeed, if there is a cow in the family, then you will never be left hungry or without money.
More than one hundred dishes can be cooked from cow's milk, and the cow milks enough to feed a large family, and even will remain for sale. And the calf meat that the cow brings every year is enough for the family for a year.
The good thing about cattle breeding is that it doesn't matter which region you live in. The main thing is that there are areas for grazing and harvesting hay, because a lot of it is needed even for one animal.
There are, of course, restrictions: for example, for mountainous terrain, sheep or goats are more suitable, because cows are still not adapted to gallop in the mountains. Well, or for the tundra, for example, it is better to breed deer, since there is relatively little grass there.
Cattle are raised primarily for milk and meat production. Depending on the direction of the business, you can choose dairy, meat or meat and dairy breeds.
There are a lot of options for milk processing, for every taste, as they say: this is milk itself, and cottage cheese, cream, sour cream, yoghurts, fermented baked milk, yogurt and much, much more.
The same is with meat: it is possible to sell not only meat directly, but also the production of semi-finished products, sausages, smoked meats. And the more stages of processing meat or milk has gone through, the more expensive it is at the exit. However, please note: each stage of processing requires additional equipment. 
We keep cows for milk. Is it profitable: on the diagram, milk processing products in numbers.
Also, with a competent business organization, additional profits are received by:
The main advantages include a constant and very high demand for meat and milk. Moreover, this demand will never disappear, under no circumstances: a person always needs to eat, and meat and milk form the basis of the diet. At the right choice breeds profitability of breeding is quite high. And for the owners of personal subsidiary plots, the cow is generally the first thing, it seems to me.
There are also enough disadvantages in this business:
And perhaps the most painful, for me personally, disadvantage: it is a constant attachment to home.
You need to milk and feed strictly according to the schedule, and if you are the owner of a private household and you do not have hired employees, you can forget about trips for more than 4-5 hours, and forget about vacations and weekends.
If you plan to have 1-2 cows in a private household, and do not plan to deliver large volumes of milk and meat to retail outlets, then you do not need to formalize anything special. It will only be necessary to register at the veterinary clinic and regularly undergo a medical examination of the animal by a veterinarian.
It will take a lot more effort and investment to set up a cattle breeding business.
First of all, you need to register with the tax office. The form of management can be chosen at your discretion: it can be a peasant farm, individual entrepreneur, LLC, or even a joint-stock company, if you plan to open a large enterprise at once.
But it is best to register as a peasant farm. Moreover, in connection with the protracted crisis, the state actively supports peasant farms by issuing various grants and subsidies.
After registering with the tax office, you can already resolve issues with construction, land lease and the purchase of livestock.
As for the choice of breeds: try to choose one of those breeds that are in close proximity to you.
For subsidiary farming and for small farms, it is better to take meat and dairy breeds. Because meat, as a rule, give much less milk, and it may happen that there will be nothing to sell. And dairy breeds, with proper feeding, give a lot of milk, but they have such a constitution that this animal is large, tall, and has a large skeleton. And since a cow brings a calf, then a large skeleton is not needed, it is muscle meat that is needed, and there is more of it in meat and dairy breeds.
In addition, the cow will have to be inseminated every year. In order not to keep your bull, you need to have access to the seed in the immediate vicinity, and preferably not expensive.
In our area, for example, the most widespread are the Yaroslavl, Holstein and Black-and-White breeds.
I, personally, have a cross between Yaroslavl and Holstein. Within walking distance, I have a small still operating collective farm, where a cow and a bull for mating can generally be put for a box of chocolates.
Keeping a cow at home: personal experience small farming (LPH), advice on the content, technology, calculation of expense and income.
From the main nuances of breeding: it is not necessary to cover a cow of the Yaroslavl breed with a Holstein bull. It's just about the size different breeds... With this insemination, the calf often turns out to be large, and it often happens that the cow simply does not give birth.
If you are planning a large farm, then you should choose the breed depending on the main focus of your future production. If you plan to breed them for meat, then choose meat breeds. If for the sake of obtaining milk, then dairy. However, for large enterprises, meat and dairy breeds are often purchased as a universal solution.
In addition to the animals themselves, a forage base is needed. Think right away where you will get the feed.
It takes me one cow and calf a year:
Of all this, I buy only compound feed, the rest we grow ourselves.
During the start-up period and immediately after calving, I pierce the vitamins for the cow. For the rest, I add only chalk and salt, we go through a veterinary examination and pass tests.
I have wooden house with a yard, so where to put the cow was not a question. In general, the size of the stall should be 1.5 by 1.9-2 meters.
We also have a plot of 30 acres, which is enough for planting vegetables. But, of course, much more is needed to make hay.
Approximately 2-2.5 hectares for hay production + at least 1.5 hectares for summer walking or grass mowing.
In our village, when we moved here, most of plots were abandoned: people do not keep livestock, and cultivate only their own garden. Therefore, the neighbors were even glad when we brought in a cow and began to mow the grass in the plots outside the village. Many even mowed for us themselves, and we only took the finished grass or even hay. This is an undeniable plus. Because if there is no free space where you live, you will have to either buy hay or look for a plot for rent. And not the fact that he will be near the house, like mine.
I have an ordinary village courtyard, and there is a povet - this is a place under the roof, above the courtyard, in which hay is laid for winter storage. It also serves to preserve heat, so we do not use additional heating even in severe frosts. In addition, there is an underground in the house, where, in fact, all root crops are stored until spring.
We also store compound feed in the yard in iron barrels. Therefore, I have no storage problems, and the additional costs associated with it, too. But if you do not have one, then it is better to take care of where you will store supplies in advance. We'll have to build a house for a cow, make a cellar, and build a bed or a shed for hay.
If you plan to keep one cow and a calf, then a large room is not needed, a 3x3 meter insulated barn will be enough.
But I would advise you to make it with a high roof, for storing hay, and attach a prikalit under different inventory, feed and other necessary things.
There should also be a place for slaughter. I have this small fenced-off corner in the prialit.
As for the equipment: not much is needed for personal subsidiary plots.
We do not use hired labor yet, we manage with our family: for one cow this is quite enough.
If you are hiring employees, then it is best to hire someone from the local, and entrust the implementation of individual tasks, and not hire for a permanent job.
For example, remove manure and scatter it over the site before plowing; or harvest vegetables; or remove hay for the povet; or hire a dishwasher who comes once a day, for example, to wash the dishes after cooking cottage cheese in a Russian oven.
For a small subsidiary farm, constant hired labor is unprofitable.
There is not much profit to pay a stable salary to an outsider.
Well, if you decide to expand and keep a larger livestock, then you will have to hire workers on a permanent basis: you will definitely not be able to cope with it yourself.
As for sales, I have never had any problems with this. On the contrary, I even have an appointment. Now it is even fashionable for city dwellers to buy food from private households.
Dairy products from supermarket shelves are unlikely to be natural and healthy But there is important point: Products must always be fresh and of very high quality. It is not allowed, for example, to dilute milk with water. This will take a ride on city market stalls, and only if buyers are not very versed and find fault with quality. And even then it is not a fact that the taste of such a product will be pleasant, and people will follow it again.
I always sell only to end consumers, I don't work with intermediaries. Selling dearly and can justify the price. I have delivery to the regional center before the entrance, 2-3 times a week. Everything that is more complicated than cottage cheese, I do only to order (cheeses, fermented baked milk, butter and ghee). This is done to ensure that the product is always fresh, and in no case from the freezer.
If we are preparing to slaughter a bull, then I notify all clients in advance, and I say how much meat I can sell. There has never been such a thing that was enough for everyone.
Now I already have my own base of regular customers who sort everything out, sometimes I do not have enough. But when I was just starting, I was faced with such a moment that people, without even trying, said “yours is very expensive, milk in the store costs 45 rubles!”.
I don’t work with such people right away: I’m not going to prove anything to anyone, if you want store milk at 45 rubles / liter, go and buy. And the backbone of adequate people who have now become my regular customers, and do not even require discounts, was formed in a couple of months.
At the very beginning, I told all my friends and acquaintances that now I sell milk and meat. She posted ads on social networks in her city, served free ads on Avito and from hand to hand. And nothing more, word of mouth went on. Because the products are actually very fresh and tasty, and delivery to the entrance played a big plus: it turned out to be very convenient for people.
Consumer prices for farm products in our city vary greatly.
These are the main products for sale. Please note: prices may vary depending on the season, and may be different in your regions.
To start making a profit from the sale of milk, I only needed to buy a cow and compound feed. It was a planned purchase, and first in the spring we planted a vegetable garden and all the fodder, began to mow hay, and the cow itself was bought in August, when vegetables appeared.
The first 2 years we dug the garden with our hands (now a walk-behind tractor), we still cut the hay with a trimmer, move it, dry it with our hands, carry it on a small cart, but this is again due to the fact that we harvest it right behind the garden (that is, we don’t need to deliver far ).
I also have no expenses for milk processing, because I cook it in a Russian oven, which, in turn, also serves as a heating for the house. We also have our own water, a well. Therefore, the costs are minimal.
Veterinary care takes about 2 thousand a year.
There are expenses for the transportation of products to the regional center, which is 40 km away, but I also do not take them into account, since my husband works in the city and still goes there every day.
My cow gives an average of 19 liters of milk per day per day, 280 days a year. This is approximately 5320 liters per year, +/-.
Of this, our family uses about 820 liters for personal consumption. 4500 liters remain. Even if we count that selling only milk, then 100 rubles per liter is 450,000 per year. If you recycle it yourself, you will get more.
Whether or not it is profitable to keep a cow in a private household - consider for yourself. I think a lot here depends on you and on the region of residence.
If you take this as seriously as possible, save on the purchase of feed and labor, income will increase (or rather, consumption will decrease). If you approach the implementation correctly, you will get loyal regular customers. And, of course, the proximity and development of nearby cities plays an important role. It is clear that in the wilderness, even if there is demand, the price will be several times lower.
In general terms: it is worth keeping a cow for those who live in the village permanently, have free hands and sufficient area for keeping the animal. if you have summer cottage, which you visit in the summer on weekends, it is natural that such a serious occupation is not worth starting.
Before starting a cow, you need to think 10 times: this is not a chicken or a goat, this is the next step, it is very serious and difficult. It will be difficult both physically and in terms of binding to the schedule and home. But at the same time it is still interesting and quite profitable.
The most important point: the cow is fully capable of providing your family with milk and meat, and selling the surplus, you will make a profit every day, almost all year round.
Well, as it turned out, there is no need to be upset if you have an ordinary wooden house with a yard, and a half-abandoned village, this can even play into your hands.
And the neighbors will willingly agree to help for a small fee, and there will be a large number of areas around where it will be possible to mow grass for forage.
Not only professional farmers are concerned about the question of whether it is profitable to keep a cow, but also private summer residents who have a small farm - for themselves. Keeping these animals is hard work, and before buying a calf, I want to understand how justified it is. We will try to tell our readers what it takes to buy a cow or a bull in practice, and whether it is worth it to professionally breed cattle.
Before answering the question of whether it is profitable to keep a cow, you should determine the cost items required for raising calves. Before the calf grows up and makes a profit, you need to invest in the following activities:
Each of these activities requires not only control and appropriate qualifications from the breeder, but also serious financial investments, especially if it is a large farm.
In small farms, financial injections are not so large, but they may not be justifiably high, if you thoughtlessly approach the issues of breeding cows and gobies.
According to livestock breeders, raising bull calves for meat or raising cows for milk is a profitable and profitable activity, but it requires not only serious financial investments, but also a lot of effort. In recent years, a decline in the number of livestock has been recorded in Russia. The reason was not that raising livestock became unprofitable. It's just that this kind of work takes a lot of time and effort, so few people want to do it.
There is a lot you need to know to take care of your livestock and get the benefits of milk and meat. For example, how to give birth, how to raise calves, how to feed livestock properly. All this suggests that many difficulties await people who have decided to seriously engage in animal husbandry.
As far as profit is concerned, it is not the question of the firm's profitability that is at the fore. Rather, the main thing will be whether you see your calling in animal husbandry, or for you it is just a temporary hobby. With a competent organization of work, modern farmers make good profits, but they invest in their work not only time, but also their soul.
It doesn't matter if you are going to open a large farm and breed cows, or if you want to buy one or two calves for yourself. Before realizing the idea, you need to calculate how much money will be spent on keeping a cow.
So, for growth and development, the animal must receive: roughage (grass or hay), concentrates (bran or grain crops), succulent feed (silage or root crops).
The table shows the approximate cost of these crops and consumption rates per cow:
Having counted, it turns out that 22700-24500 thousand rubles are spent on feeding one cow per year. Of course, you can cut down on feeding costs by taking your livestock out to pasture and harvesting hay yourself. But this can be realized if you keep cattle for yourself and in your herd there are only a couple of cows and bulls. On a serious farm, feeding costs are inevitable.
To raise an animal, it is not enough to provide it with food. For example, we talked about how you can save on feeding by grazing cows in the field. But, in this case, you have to hire a shepherd. In addition, when you decide to stock large amounts of hay yourself, you will need to hire a technician and equip storage space.
Another expense item will be electricity for paddock lighting. In addition, being engaged in dairy production, you will need to invest in gasoline in order to distribute your products. The cost of the pens themselves is also included in the cost of keeping the livestock, but this expense will be a one-time expense.
To breed cows and gobies in large numbers, you will need to hire staff, buy inventory and equipment. With multiple heifers, care and feeding will fall entirely on you and your family.
When calculating how much it costs to keep a cow, it is important not to forget the veterinary expense item. Even if you keep several cows in a private house and practically do not spend money on feeding - you graze them in the meadow, you cannot do without the services of a veterinarian.
If you exclude illness and childbirth, then the standard vaccination and routine examination will cost you about 5000-6000 rubles per year per animal. Accordingly, with the growth of the livestock, this amount will grow. From a certain point, calling a veterinarian becomes unprofitable, and it is more rational to hire your own veterinarian.
This applies to large farms with tens and hundreds of heads. If you plan to do without a health worker, then this will not work, because you will not be able to sell uncertified milk and meat. To obtain a certificate of quality, you will need an opinion from a veterinarian.
In cattle breeding, it is important not to forget about such an expense item as mating. The cost of a bull to mate depends on its breed and pedigree. If you are going to raise purebred bulls for meat, then the services of one bull producer can cost you 10,000-15,000 per year.
Do not be alarmed, because such a cost is possible only for champion bulls. The price for mating with a regular bull is on average 2000-3000 rubles per year. This is a small amount when you consider that you will eventually have a new member of the herd, and the productivity of the calving cow will increase.
But, if you are seriously engaged in breeding cows and bulls, it is more logical to purchase a male producer than to rent one. The only exceptions are those cases when you want to bring "new blood" to an existing herd, or your bulls have not yet reached reproductive age.
In order to keep livestock profitable, it is necessary to think over a strategy for selling products: meat, milk.
If you want to do not just livestock breeding, but sell a variety of products, you will need to purchase specialized equipment. For the production of cottage cheese and cream, a separator is required, and for the production of stew - a canning line.
If you are not yet ready to open a private production line, you can sell the products in their pure form. This can be done most profitably: in the markets, in stores, by opening your own retail outlet, in factories, in establishments that have their own cooking workshop.
Before you can profit from the sale, you need to invest. So, you will need to conclude a supply agreement, organize delivery or collect documents for opening your store. All this takes time and money, but in the future it will bring good profits.
In order for your venture to be profitable, you need to learn how to save money and plan your expenses rationally. Here are some tips to help you set up your own farm:
Pay particular attention to the last point. So, a milking machine can be bought for 18,500 rubles, which will reduce labor costs and free up time for other tasks.
Let's take a small, only developing farm, consisting of five cows. The average milk yield from such a herd is 65 liters per day. On average, a cow is milked 300 days a year. The average cost of milk is 30 rubles. Now we consider:
65 × 300 = 19,500 liters - total herd milk yield per year.
19,500 × 30 = 585,000 rubles - income from the sale of milk.
Let us subtract from the profit received the costs of feeding, mating, veterinary services and the approximate amount for related costs: 585000-24500-6000-15000-30000 = 509500 rubles of net profit for the year.
It turns out that with a competent organization of his business, only from the sale of milk, a farmer can receive about 40,000 a month - this amount significantly exceeds the average income of a villager.
I would like to point out right away that if you are expecting instant profits, then breeding cows and bulls is not for you. You will see the real profit from such a business only in a few years. The larger the farm you plan to launch, the more investments it will require, and the longer the payback period will be.
But there is no need to doubt the profitability of this enterprise. If the income from a small livestock is 500,000 rubles a year, then by increasing the livestock, you will begin to receive greater profits at a distance.
Naturally, in order to expand the business, you will need to invest the initial income in the development of the farm. It will require the purchase of livestock, the expansion of corrals, and the involvement of specialists.
Over time, you will be able to move from dairy to beef production and raise gobies for meat instead of selling young calves to third-party farms.
Until the farm has expanded and you cannot raise gobies for meat, it is more advisable to sell calves. This can be either a separate line of profit or a situational earnings - the sale of "extra" calves. Especially if you start breeding purebred animals with passports from the very beginning.
Calves with documents are much more valuable than outbred animals. Of course, this point should be taken into account from the very beginning and choose demanded breeds for breeding. Among dairy cows, the Red Steppe (180-250 rubles / kg), Ayrshire (120-135 rubles / kg), Holstein (135-170 rubles / kg) and Kholmogory (185 rubles / kg) breeds are especially appreciated. Among meat calves, the following breeds are popular: black-and-white (140-150 rubles / kg), Cossack white-headed (115 rubles / kg), Aberdeen Angus (180 rubles / kg) and Simmental (250 rubles / kg ) breed.
This is only the average cost of heifers and bulls of these breeds. With the right approach and a good reputation, you can sell animals at an even better price.
If you already have your own calf rearing business, share your experience with our readers in the comments.
If you are just starting to study this topic, then save yourself this article by reposting, and use it as a memo for novice farmers.
You may also be interested in
At the traditional Small Academy of Sciences at the House of Pioneers and Schoolchildren, students from the district presented a variety of research papers. Altynai Kabirova, a 10th grade student at the Aryan school, together with her teacher I.R.
Using the example of a personal subsidiary farm, the schoolgirl made calculations of financial costs and income from keeping a cow. Here's what happened.
One adult cow per day needs about 15 kg of hay and 2 kg of compound feed. Considering that the cow needs to be kept in the stall for 6 months, the rest of the time she grazes in the pasture. Consumption for hay and compound feed - 17,370 rubles.
On average, a cow produces 10 liters of milk per day. The milking period is about 9 months, minus 1 month for soldering calf milk. In total, about 2700 per year. We calculate the cost of buying dairy products in the store: milk 1 liter (365 days) x 35 rubles = 2775 rubles. sour cream 500 g (once a week - 52 times) x50 rubles = 2600 rubles. Cottage cheese 1 kg (once a week - 52 times) x 100 rubles = 5200 rubles. Let's sum up - 20 575 rubles. we spend on a purchase if there is no cow. If there is a cow, then we have 270 liters of milk (270 days for 1 liter). To obtain 1 liter of sour cream, you need 10 liters of milk, i.e. 520 liters. To obtain 1 kg of cottage cheese - 5 liters of milk, i.e. 260 liters. For soldering a calf, 6 liters of milk daily - 180 liters. Total - 1230 liters of milk for yourself and for soldering the calf. 2700 L - 1230 L = 1470 L remains and can be sold. On average, 1 liter - 15 rubles, 1470 liters x 15 rubles. = RUB 22050 profit for the year.
The conclusion to which Altynai came at the end of her research: it is profitable to keep a cow in the countryside.
What does the chief zootechnician of the Department of Agriculture A. N. Bobin think about this?
- For feeding cattle you need: roughage (hay), grain concentrates; still juicy feed is needed, but since all this is grown on its own farm, only planting material is included in the costs.
A cow weighing 500 kg needs to consume hay (15 kg), juicy feed (potatoes, fodder beets up to 15 kg), concentrates (3-5 kg), salt and chalk (40 g) per day. During the year, 1.4 tons of grain fodder - about 10 thousand rubles, hay - is required for winter period 3.2 tons - about 11 thousand rubles. Total for feed for a cow - 21 thousand rubles.
Pasture - necessary condition keeping cows. Hiring a shepherd - about 1000 rubles. day for summer period on average three grazing - 3000 rubles. For veterinary services and artificial insemination - about 1000 rubles. Electricity and other costs - 2000 rubles. Total: 27.0 thousand rubles. Milk yield per cow - 3500 kg per year. If you donate even half of 1,750 kg to milk collectors at 16 rubles, that's 33,250 rubles, 1 calf (if sold) - 5,000 thousand rubles. Income - 38250 kg. Result: 38.25 thousand - 27.0 thousand = 11.25 thousand rubles.
The opinions of the villagers themselves are divided. Some believe that it is unprofitable, and the calculations did not take into account the cost of personal time, which, by the way, is often not in abundance for a working person. And physically it is not so easy to maintain a personal subsidiary farm. And for someone it is important that homemade milk is the most useful, it contains neither impurities nor GMOs and this is the biggest benefit in the age of artificial additives and substitutes.
Prepared by K. Usova.
Includes the following main activities:
feeding and watering animals in stalls;
grazing;
hay making;
milking;
breeding (mating);
periodic veterinary examinations and preventive vaccinations.
Each of these procedures, of course, requires not only certain knowledge, but also financial costs.
According to the majority of owners of household farms, keeping cattle for milk todaypretty profitable. But only if the owner of the barn with all responsibility approaches the choice of the breed and will strictly observe the technology of keeping animals.The reduction in the number of cattle in Russia in recent years, in the opinion of many farmers, is not due to the fact that it has become unprofitable to raise such animals, but simply to the banal laziness of our compatriots. Indeed, unlike the same rabbits or chickens, it requires a huge amount of time and effort. Such animals need not only to be fed correctly and on time, but also to be milked at least twice a day. Also, a livestock farmer should know how to take proper care of calves and much more.
Thus, only people who are not afraid of all sorts of difficulties and who, moreover, permanently live in rural areas, buy cattle for maintenance. For such farmers, the question is,on the farm, in principle, not worth it at all. Having spent maximum efforts on caring for cattle, such people really get a good profit. It's just that at the dacha a cow, unlike the same chickens or rabbits, is not only unprofitable to keep, but in most cases it is even completely impossible.
Before buying a cow, of course, you need to calculate the future cost of keeping it. It is also worth trying to determine the expected profit. Keeping cows in any case involves the use of:
roughage (grass and hay);
concentrates (grain and bran);
juicy feed (root crops,silage).
The most expensive type of feedare, of course, concentrates. On average, one cow per year requires about 1 ton of barley. The cost of this type of feed is about 8500-9000 rubles. Also, the farmer will need to purchase about 500-600 kg of bran. Their purchase will cost about 3000-4000 rubles. That is, in total, you will have to spend at least 11,500 rubles. in year.
Many farmers in specialized forums are interested inis it profitable to keep a cow when buying hay?Similar feed for one animalusually about 50 bales are required per year, the cost of each of which is 80-85 rubles. That is, the costs in this case will be at least 4000 rubles.In principle, this is not much and the purchase of hay does not have much effect on the final profit from keeping cows in most cases. But, of course, if desired, the farmer can save money on hay and mow it on his own (if there is any).
Juicy feed, according to the keeping technology, one cow needs about900-1000 kg per year. Beets, for example, cost about 3000 r. per ton. For the same amount of silage, you need to pay about 4200-4500 rubles.
Thus, in total, per year for feed for one cow it is necessary to spend:
11,500 + 4000 + 3000 = 18,500 rubles.
And this is only the minimum amount.
Among other things, keeping a cow implies, of course, grazing costs. On average, the price of a shepherd's services is 600 p. per month. The total amount for the warm period of the year, thus, will be about 2500-3000 rubles.
Additional costs for keeping a cow also include the cost of electricity (lighting the barn) and fuel (delivering milk to customers). All this will cost on average about10-15 thousand rubles in year.
Thus, the total cost of keeping a cow will already be 18,500 +2500 + 10 000 = 31 000 R. in year.Based on this, first of all, it is necessary to determine whether it is profitable to keep cows for milk.. Of course,the farmer will have to recoup, over time, the cost of the barn, which in this case must be large enough.
The answer to the question of, depends, among other things,and from the cost of various kinds of preventive measures aimed at preventing diseases... Vowners of small household plots containing onetwo cows, usually pay a leashb for vaccinations. A total ofvaccinationsin small farms aboutcosts about 5-6 thousand rubles a year. That is, to the previously received amount of expenses of 31,000 rubles. you need to add another 5 thousand rubles. Thus, the average cost of keeping one cow per year will be 36,000 rubles. in year.
Of course, this cost item should be included in the project of the future farm. After all, if the cow does not have calves, milk from her will not work. The cost of mating a cow with a bull depends primarily on the breed of the latter. So, the services of a champion can cost 10-15 thousand rubles. But more often than not, the owners of personal plots paypermatingyetno more than 2000 p. in year. That is, the total amount of expenses will already amount to 38,000 rubles.
So, we found out what approximately the amount farmers spend on feed, prevention of cattle diseases, mating, etc. Sois it profitable to keep a cow infarm? To answer this question, among other things, one should, of course, know how much money actually can be earned from the sale of the main product produced on a farm of similar specialization.
High-yielding cows, with proper feeding and adherence to keeping technology, are capable of giving on average3500 -6000 liters of milk per year. In Russia, a liter of such a farm product costs on average about 53 rubles. That is, from one cow per year you can get about 318,000 rubles. If 38,000 rubles are spent on maintenance, the income will thus amount to 318,000 - 38 000 = 28 0 000 RUB with one cow.
Thus, the answer to the question of whetheris it profitable to keep a cow to sell milk, is clear. With the right choice of breed and adherence to the technology of care, one animal can get28 0 000 RUBincome per year. However, such an amount couldytrescued, unfortunately,only if milk is sold directly to the consumer.Meanwhilefind buyersowner personal plot often happensnot soandsimply. Of course you can sell milk on the marketor for summer residents, if there are gardening associations near the village... But it is not a fact that in this way it will be possible to realize the entire product.
In the event that it is not possible to find a sufficient number of buyers for milk, it will most likely have to be handed over to a dairy. And the profit will decrease, and very much. The fact is that food industry enterprises accept milk at a price of only 12-15 rubles per liter. That is, the income from one cow in this case will be15 x 6,000 = 90,000 maximum.
Many villagers keep one or two cows on their own backyard. In principle, this business can be quite profitable. But many Russians are also wondering whether10 or 20. Of course, a cattle farm, like a small backyard farm, can also become a fairly profitable enterprise. However, the organization of a business of such specialization, of course, will require additional costs. For 5-10 cows, you need a barn much larger area... Plus, hosts may need to hire an assistant. And milk in this case, most likely, will still have to be delivered to the plant, which will greatly affect profits. The only way to reach the consumer directly in this case is to open your own store. And this, of course, will entail additional costs for renting premises, hiring a seller, etc.
The answer to the question ofis it profitable to keep a cowon the farm, depends not only on how much milk the animal can give, and the prices for these products.Of course, a farm owner specializing in the cultivation ofCattlecan make a profitandfrom the sale of offspring.In particular, cattle breeders who keep cows of popular breeds with documents have good income from the sale of heifers. Such animals are usually bought very willingly and, moreover, at a high price.
For what price do farmers sell heifers and how much profit can be obtained from their sale? The best breeds of dairy cows among Russian cattle breeders at the moment are:
red steppe;
Ayshir;
Holstein;
Kholmogory.
You can find out about how much a heifer of a particular breed costs and whether it is profitable to keep a cow from the table below.
