Pechsk. - Master of laying furnaces and fireplaces. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in world artistic culture and labor and economy (see the choice of a profession for interest in school subjects).
Among the People themselves sometimes disputes arise: they put the furnaces or put?
Some are convinced that since the oven (or fireplace) is located vertically, and not on the side, then it is put. But according to the traditions of the Russian language, the stoves are still put. And there is logic in it: the live shop puts the rows of bricks - one by one. And it turns out a wonderful laying if the master knows his business well.
Fireplace - a device for heating and home decoration. At the fire, burning in the fireplace, it is pleasant to warm up gloomy in the evening. And if you install in the fireplace of the spit, it turns out a real focus, in which you can prepare food.
But the furnaces in Russia are still more popular. They are also very beautiful, but also practical. The furnace heats up not by the fire itself, as a fireplace, and the heat accumulated in its walls. The heat capacity of the furnace is its main advantage. The greater the mass of the furnace, the longer it keeps warm. In the furnace, you can cook, cook and tomorrow, and if the furnace has a laying, then you can sleep on it.
Some Russian ovens are so great that they can even wash them like in a bath. In antiquity, especially in winter, they usually soap the children and old people who, after the steam, cannot be frozen. Now there are many other furnace structures. Design depends on the destination of the furnace: for the house it is for a bath, for summer kitchen, with hob Or with a booze to baking bread, with a barbecue grill or ... just do not list.
But with any device and design, both in the furnaces and the fireplaces are the same laws of physics. The cook may not know how they are formulated in the textbook, but it knows how to apply them - this is the main thing. The wizard specializes in a certain form of furnaces and operate on existing schemes (reaches), others try to expand their range and even develop their own designs. In any case, each oven is a project. The stove thinks out the installation location, design, appearance And offers a furnace project to the customer. If the Customer believes that this is exactly what is needed, the cook buys a suitable brick, prepares a clay solution that bricks are bonded among themselves.
Then the painstaking masonry begins, each row, each angle should be perfectly smooth. Cleanium Holds firmly, masonry or mistakes in the furnace design is difficult to correct. But if they are not noticed, a poorly working furnace can lead to a fire or carbon monoxide poisoning. Therefore, it is necessary to work very carefully.
If the furnace is the row, the ranks of the tiles are placed simultaneously with brick rows and are attached to them. Everything is much easier if the tile is used instead of the tiles: it is waiting for it ready chimel Masonch. When the furnace is composed, the master conducts a test firebox, dries off the furnace, plastering or stones.
Typically, the master works with assistants or students, which thus recruit knowledge and practical experience. For example, clay stirring is a very important and complex process: the wizard evaluates the quality of the finished solution to the touch. Agree, the books and theory can not do here - only practice.
The profession of the cook is work with clay, water, fire and smoke. This is a creative profession that allows you to immediately see the results of your work, which is a big plus profession. In addition, in recent times, private construction develops around large cities, the demand for good masters has grown. The services of the cookie - the item is not like, and the higher the skill, the more orders he has.
But there are also disadvantages. First, in the middle lane, in the northern corners of Russia, the liver can not work round year. Its seasonal work, and the most loaded season - summer, when you have to work instead of resting on your own country. Also, if there are orders, the live shop can work in early autumn and late spring when warm. The fact is that furnaces and fireplaces are put in still unfinished houses. In any case, the pipe appears first, and only then you can complete the roof. In addition, all the work takes away from home - the Pechnik accounts for weeks to live in almost hiking conditions. Often right at the construction site.
But if the master loves his job, it gives pleasure that you can not buy for any money. So random people do not do this craft.
Usually men are engaged in chimney. Sometimes, very rarely, there are women among them. Although the livenists do not work in large teams, they have their own associations - the territorial guilds of the Pebia, the Guild of the Pecs and Petropos.
Typically, the Master Pechkee works independently like individual entrepreneur or as part of small firms.
The profession of the cook involves the desire and ability to work with their hands, responsibility, engineering abilities, a good eye. The live shop should be physically strainable. Excess weight, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, dizziness are contraindications to this work.
The cook should know the laws by which air and smoke in the chimney move and heat is accumulated and distributed. He needs to be able to evaluate the quality of materials, process bricks, make a laying, use the level, plumbing and other tools.
Although there are courses, master classes on the preparation of the People, these training is possible only in practice. Perfect optionIf you first try to fold the oven at home, for example, a stove plate for a summer kitchen or a bake barbecue. After that, you can continue learning. You can also enter the profession, becoming an assistant, a masters student.
The live shop is a construction worker who performs furnished work: produces masonry different types ovens, performs finishing stoves various materials, Controls the quality of furnace work, repairing furnaces.
Depending on the discharge, the liver performs the following types of work on ETKS:
Pechsk. - Master of laying furnaces and fireplaces. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in world artistic culture and labor and economy (see the choice of a profession for interest in school subjects).
Among the People themselves sometimes disputes arise: they put the furnaces or put?
Some are convinced that since the oven (or fireplace) is located vertically, and not on the side, then it is put. But according to the traditions of the Russian language, the stoves are still put. And there is logic in it: the live shop puts the rows of bricks - one by one. And it turns out a wonderful laying if the master knows his business well.
Fireplace - a device for heating and home decoration. At the fire, burning in the fireplace, it is pleasant to warm up gloomy in the evening. And if you install in the fireplace of the spit, it turns out a real focus, in which you can prepare food.
But the furnaces in Russia are still more popular. They are also very beautiful, but also practical. The furnace heats up not by the fire itself, as a fireplace, and the heat accumulated in its walls. The heat capacity of the furnace is its main advantage. The greater the mass of the furnace, the longer it keeps warm. In the furnace, you can cook, cook and tomorrow, and if the furnace has a laying, then you can sleep on it.
Some Russian ovens are so great that they can even wash them like in a bath. In antiquity, especially in winter, they usually soap the children and old people who, after the steam, cannot be frozen. Now there are many other furnace structures. The design depends on the destination of the furnace: for the house it is for a bath, for summer kitchen, with a cooking panel or with a booze to baking bread, with a barbecue grid or ... just not list.
But with any device and design, both in the furnaces and the fireplaces are the same laws of physics. The cook may not know how they are formulated in the textbook, but it knows how to apply them - this is the main thing. The wizard specializes in a certain form of furnaces and operate on existing schemes (reaches), others try to expand their range and even develop their own designs. In any case, each oven is a project. The liveshka thinks out the installation location, design, appearance and offers the furnace project to the customer. If the Customer believes that this is exactly what is needed, the cook buys a suitable brick, prepares a clay solution that bricks are bonded among themselves.
Then the painstaking masonry begins, each row, each angle should be perfectly smooth. The clay solution holds firmly, the flaws of the masonry or error in the design of the oven is difficult to correct. But if they are not noticed, a poorly working furnace can lead to a fire or carbon monoxide poisoning. Therefore, it is necessary to work very carefully.
If the furnace is the row, the ranks of the tiles are placed simultaneously with brick rows and are attached to them. Everything is much easier if the tile is used instead of the tiles: it is waiting for the finished furnace masonry. When the furnace is composed, the master conducts a test firebox, dries off the furnace, plastering or stones.
Typically, the master works with assistants or students, which thus recruit knowledge and practical experience. For example, clay stirring is a very important and complex process: the wizard evaluates the quality of the finished solution to the touch. Agree, the books and theory can not do here - only practice.
The profession of the cook is work with clay, water, fire and smoke. This is a creative profession that allows you to immediately see the results of your work, which is a big plus profession. In addition, in recent times, private construction develops around large cities, the demand for good masters has grown. The services of the cookie - the item is not like, and the higher the skill, the more orders he has.
But there are also disadvantages. First, in the middle lane, in the northern corners of Russia, the liver can not work all year round. Its seasonal work, and the most loaded season - summer, when you have to work instead of resting on your own country. Also, if there are orders, the live shop can work in early autumn and late spring when warm. The fact is that furnaces and fireplaces are put in still unfinished houses. In any case, the pipe appears first, and only then you can complete the roof. In addition, all the work takes away from home - the Pechnik accounts for weeks to live in almost hiking conditions. Often right at the construction site.
But if the master loves his job, it gives pleasure that you can not buy for any money. So random people do not do this craft.
Usually men are engaged in chimney. Sometimes, very rarely, there are women among them. Although the livenists do not work in large teams, they have their own associations - the territorial guilds of the Pebia, the Guild of the Pecs and Petropos.
Typically, the master-firing works independently as an individual entrepreneur or as part of small firms.
The profession of the cook involves the desire and ability to work with their hands, responsibility, engineering abilities, a good eye. The live shop should be physically strainable. Overweight, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, dizziness are contraindications to this work.
The cook should know the laws by which air and smoke in the chimney move and heat is accumulated and distributed. He needs to be able to evaluate the quality of materials, process bricks, make a laying, use the level, plumbing and other tools.
Although there are courses, master classes on the preparation of the People, these training is possible only in practice. Ideal if you first try to fold the oven at home, for example, a stove plate for a summer kitchen or a bake barbecue. After that, you can continue learning. You can also enter the profession, becoming an assistant, a masters student.
Russian oven - "Kormilitsa", "Mother" - she was the center of the house for several centuries, the most an important place In the hollow: and feed, and heat out, and put it - indispensable. Remember the Emel from the fairy tale - so it was good for him to lie on the oven that he even went to the king right on the furnace: "I and here warm ..." And "Gus-Swans"? In the pure field stood a furnace with pies: "Stove, Mother, hide me!"
Text: Maria Stroganova
***
Is fairy tales forget today, will they remember whether the stoves in the cities and villages? Earlier in the villages, the profession of the cook was one of the most respected. Gradually, with a gasification village, the focus disappeared, dying out like mammoths, dispersed. But now the new millennium has come, and the profession of the Pecker received the second birth. Muscovites are tired of urban fuss - to have a house in the village has become prestigious, build a furnace or fireplace in the house - fashionable. And now, as in the old good times, a good foam on the weight of gold, orders for fireplaces-barbecue painted a few months ahead.
In the villages of the Vladimir region, the gas only promises: "You are standing in terms of 2015," they encounter the administration of the neighboring village. Many local residents in the houses in the houses are old, half a century are standing, but the villages are expanding - Muscovites come, they build cottages, and where the construction is built, there is an imperiment and the live shop. In our village, in three houses, one live shop was built or reworked stoves - Misha, Mikhail Kalinin. Lives in the next city, work is enough, loves his profession. I ask:
- Why such a profession?
Replies without thinking:
- Because rare and creative. All stoves are different, no one is the same. Profession is special, if you do well, there is no competition completely. Who sees that it is qualitative and for a long time, the other Licker will no longer call. Now all for gas heating Chasing, and the stove has natural warmth and smell in the house of the other, it also regulates the humidity. From the air the stove is the humidity in itself, then we stick up, gives. And gas? Only oxygen flashes.
Indeed, from the stove of the spirit of another in the house, warmly live as if the firewood crackle, reflects the flares on the walls, play glare. Pushkin even: "The whole room is an amber shine illuminated. A cheerful cracker cracks flooded oven. It's nice to think at the Lena ... "- in verses only express. I'm interested in how to become a liver, can anyone.
- Of course, there is a guild of the People, you can join there. If you already know how to do something, then the object will pick up, not something that is just something, and the project will give, the ritualization is like each row, and everyone, do, then come, look, do not like it - Gulia. If you want to learn - another conversation. Pay forty thousand for learning, you will be given an address, an object, here for me, for example, will be sent. Sometimes I call me - "I want to learn," you want - learn. Then, if there is a lot of work, I will give a student an object, I will follow. And if he wants independently, you can give an ad in the newspaper, and customers will go. I also studied.
- But it happens, deceive, unscrupulous burns come across, unreal?
- It happens, no one is insured. How guess? Look at the appearance. You can - Hands do not shake. Even in firms are sometimes cheating. Here in the suburbs, the firm - shepherds folded, the owner looked, made it forced, because the horror that was. Such a firm. Or two rows folded the liver and dreamed of stuff. Sometimes it is necessary to redo everything for such mountain chicks, fully, they do not know how to do anything, the technology is all violated. It is necessary to observe all the thermal gaps so that the stove does not break the cracks to be. The glory of a good cook runs ahead of him, others are no longer invited and familiar advise.
It is interesting to observe how the stove grows: mixed cement mortarThe brick is cut - where the doors are beautiful, the corner is stacked. Working, Misha talks to himself, calculates something - physics.
Peasant life. XIX century Wash in the stove. Engraving A.I. Torchannova in drawing P. E. Khruznev. The beginning of the 1880s.
- Is there any secrets of furnace craftsmanship?
For some reason, it always seemed to me that the liver should have many secrets, which are transferred only to the disciple, the best, from generation to generation. But no, it can be seen, the age of developed technologies canceled all secrets:
- Yes, what are the secrets here! Physics, 6th grade - all secrets. Traction will always be, if only a pipe is at least five meters; Then another brick should go on the street on the pipe, not the one that on the stove, otherwise he absorbs all moisture into himself and destroys. Yes, there would be a desire - you can go online and read everything. I explained to one cook, too, stoves: I will soon leave here, there are cracks here. And he only dishes - I know. Why do you do it? "And I have quickly." Quickly and cheap. Won house is worth - the pipe is the same brick that the stove is posted, the pipe will fall apart soon, the hostess in the course, yesterday she said.
- So it is necessary to turn it! How do such?
- So, there are patrons. Yes, and it is difficult to catch hand - two or three years worked in one place, no one complains, moved to another village to work. Now, if he had a stove in a week, the stove fell apart - another thing. And now it's not to find an end, there is no crime for the prescription. Call here to redo me.
Sad, many such craftsmen. We, too, in the late 90s in the house, the stove was a former policeman, now Misha repeats everything for him: "How are you not burned here?" Fire hazard increased, God has fallen.
I ask about the previous times, as before the stoves did.
- Previously, the brick was different, and instead of cement - clay. There were no materials, now everything is protected by chamotted bricks from open fire, and then that the brick is not under open fire, the clay was deceived inside. Clay, too, had to be able to cook: two weeks were soaked in a barrel, then there is a special paddle - they beat it, so that it was soft, elastic, oily such a clay was obtained. I here in the year 96th did a stove, with clay, at least where the crack went, standing in the village so far.
I remember the pictures from children's books - the stove is always white, painted or what?
- Yes, the brick is often broken, the cheat was, therefore the clay was covered on top. And the clay itself for beauty has already been whispered, plastering. Now other technologies, other materials.
- Do stories still be twenty years old?
- Of course, maybe more. Fifteen years already standing. Once he came to clean, it is already ten years old stove.
Misha points to small windows in the stove - crushing, they leave them for cleaning.
- It is possible to get enough hand from there, a bird, if you fell.
I do not believe:
- It happens?
- Yes No, kidding, of course, rarely happens. Sometimes the owners do not come long, the birds manage to press the nest in the pipe - yes. Fall later, smoke goes what? Surprise. By the way, it is also possible to clean the pipe. In Moscow, the whole company of chicks, scratch is clean, in the cylinders go.
I ask Misha that he has the most unloved in a bary.
- Pipe! On the roof is horror. Who would know how I do not like it.
- Cold?
- uncomfortable! From the ladder at such a height, try to put a brick to be beautiful and smooth.
Yes, and scary, moreover, I even climb on the roof. I am afraid: Lestenka Iron, forests shaky, tremble everything, in the wind swinging, and the liveniki is sitting there for several hours sit in any weather. Pipe - it is seen from her, often experienced pipe colleagues on the quality of the whole stove are judged. Pipes are also different, sometimes you go past at home, immediately can be seen, here people are new - the fireplace pipe is worth it now. But the real cook conservative: new-fashioned fireplaces, foci, barbecue is a balob.
- On the barbecue for the last two years, solid orders. I wonder, of course. Sometimes the whole complex is ordered by: with Mangal, smoking, cauldron and tandoome. Or a fireplace - for heating is absolutely useless thing, only for beauty. He has an efficiency of fifteen percent, while it is being to it - he goes warm, stopped drowning - everything. Translation of firewood. In Russia, it was impossible in Russia without a stove, try in Siberia in winter with a fireplace - the floor of the taiga is sailing. And if you still have a bed! Sometimes it was done - in the same room the stove, and on the other from this stove - a layer. Now it is not necessary to put a bed high, before it needed the space: a firebox, feeding feed, even washed in the stove. And now you can almost like a sofa in height so that the table is height. Under the layer is made one turn from the furnace and always warm. If you feel cold, you're going to go all overnight. In the stove it is possible to put samovar.
- How? Does not fit.
- Why do you climb? Here, in the box for cleaning, insert the pipe from the samovar and please, at least in the winter you can drink tea, just do not forget to open the dumper.
I still dream about the fireplace, I ask Misha, where we would put it - I can't do it, there is no place.
- It is necessary to put it on the foundation, it is possible to make a furnace-fireplace, but it will be very big, you can hardly want. You can come up with anything, one stove dreamed even, I woke up - I painted. You can make the stove at once on two floors. Ride below - upstairs too warm. And firewood is not necessary from the first floor. Printing heat is heated: whether it is necessary that the second floor should be pulled out or not.
Wonders. I ask about customers: Capricious?
- Different are. Some order: "I want this"! You are welcome. Some come up for purposely to pay less: why the seam is here at a millimeter, and here on one and a half - the removal of the brain. Sometimes I think - I will leave, nothing is necessary, but it is impossible. Sometimes they ask for drawing a project. I draw in 3D, you can even look into the pipe, a special program. You will bring the customer a laptop, he will look, yeah, everything can be built. And in fact - I did not understand anything.
Here, I think, young livenists: 3D they have seen times. And the Misha, meanwhile, is going, puts the jacket: "Only the roof opened under the pipe - the rain went, hurry to work. Well, we will deal with the pipe - "Favorite" case "... - and goes under the rain.
And I dream: I will finish it to work, flooding the stove and no cold is terrible: dry warmth from the stove envelops, burn firewood, only smoldering coals lightly light the room, sleepily, here I would say a fairy tale - "lived - there would be a fairy tale."
