The school territory is a world where everyone feels comfortable, has ample opportunities for self-realization for the benefit of themselves and others, gaining experience of creative success in life. One of the activities of the school is the environmental and labor education of schoolchildren. Therefore, this project can become an effective means of forming the ecological culture of students, the formation of their new civic consciousness. We consider this project as part of the system of social development of the individual.
METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL PROJECT
IMPROVEMENT AND LANDSCAPING OF THE SCHOOL TERRITORY
Performed
social teacherMOU "Secondary school of the village of Sokur"
Vertyankina L. F.
Sokur
2016
PROJECT PASSPORT
Name Project | Improvement and gardening of the school territory |
Customer Project | Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school" with. Sokur |
Project Developer Implementation timeline | Vertyankina L. F. |
Objective of the project |
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Project objectives |
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Directions of project implementation | Creation of a project team; Autumn work: Regular area cleaning |
Project executors | Parents of students. School students. Teachers. Volunteers. |
Expected results | Organization of socially significant socially useful activities; An integrated approach to the education of citizenship, patriotism, environmental culture, labor education; Creation of conditions for the possible organization of the process of joint pastime, contributing to the spiritual rapprochement of children and adults, the birth of common interests and hobbies; Introduction to a healthy lifestyle as an important component of ecological culture; Creation of a humanistic developing environment for the life of students, providing them with additional opportunities for self-development, self-affirmation, self-expression; Creation of conditions for social protection of children from "unfavorable" families; Creation of favorable living conditions. |
Project financing | Administration funds Sponsor help. |
Management and control over implementation project | Administration |
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1. Relevance and importance of the project.
The building of the school MOU "Secondary school" with. Sokur was built in 1972 and one of the topical issues isthe problem of landscaping, especially sinceas of 2016, the school has 14 employees and 49 students.At meetings of parents, teachers and students, the issue of the improvement of the school territory is repeatedly raised. Therefore, it is important for this school to create a single complex where one could realize all one's abilities, requests, interests, an ideal model of a small world of flowers.
The school territory is a world where everyone feels comfortable, has ample opportunities for self-realization for the benefit of themselves and others, gaining experience of creative success in life. One of the activities of the school is the environmental and labor education of schoolchildren. Therefore, this project can become an effective means of forming the ecological culture of students, the formation of their new civic consciousness. We consider this project as part of the system of social development of the individual.
Thus, this project is a universal tool that simultaneously performs a number of functions: cognitive, developing, spiritual and moral, the function of social hardening, civic development of the personality, the function of designing one's own activity.
A holistic perception of nature, namely such a perception, is developed by the school territory, opens the way to a new worldview, awareness of the role and place of one's Self.
By becoming participants in the project, schoolchildren can try themselves in various social roles, which contributes to their successful socialization in society. This project "Schoolyard" is an effective means of forming an active civic position of schoolchildren and their environmental culture.
2. Target groups to which the activity is directed within the framework of the project -students and employees of the MOU "Secondary School" with. Sokur, parent committee
Getting started, we conducted an analysis of the situation at the moment in order to identify the most important problems that require prompt solutions.
After the problems were identified, work was carried out to identify the most important of them.
3.1 Stages of implementation of the Schoolyard project
No. p / p | Stage name | Target | Period of execution |
Preparatory | Motivation, interests, relevance, goal setting of the project. | May 2016 |
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Design | Construction of an indicative scheme of activity | May 2016 |
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Practical | Project implementation | May - September 2016 |
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Analytical and corrective | Analysis of intermediate results of work and introduction of changes | May - September 2016 |
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Final | Comparison of actual and desired results of work. Transition to the next level of development. | October November 2016 |
3.2 Action plan
No. p / p | Event | Responsible |
Conducting an analysis of the state of the school territory | School parent committee, class teachers |
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Development of a collective project of the school yard: Creation of a project team; | School parent committee, class teachers, students |
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Acquisition of seeds and cultivation of seedlings. | Responsible for UOU (training and experimental site), teacher of labor training |
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Labor landing on the improvement of the school yard. | Class teachers, students, parents, volunteers |
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Tillage and planting seedlings of flower crops in the school yard. | Responsible for UOU, teacher of labor education, |
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Making flower beds, planting seedlings | Students, class teachers |
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Care of planted flower crops. | ||
Development of new flower beds at the entrance to the school yard. | Class teachers, students |
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Development and creation of landscape design | Fine art teacher |
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Autumn work: | ||
Site planning using crop rotation | Responsible for UOS |
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Regular area cleaning | Responsible for UOU, students, school staff |
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Repair, painting of the fence | Responsible for UOU, students, school staff |
3.3 Cost estimates.
Direction of expenses | Amount (rub.) |
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1. Seeds for seedlings of vegetable and annual and perennial flower crops | 1000 |
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2. Fence repair materials, paint | 5000 |
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3. Decorating paint | 1000 |
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4. Fertilizer | ||
5. Garden tools (shovels, rakes, buckets, shovels) | 2000 |
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Total: | 9500 |
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4. The total cost of the project is9500 rub. (for the specified project implementation period).
5. Financing – Administration tools. Sponsor help..
6. Further development of the project.The project is designed for six months, but subject to confirmation of its viability and the availability of the necessary resources, the project may be extended. In the future, the experience of implementing this project can be extended to other categories of the population.
Introduction
1. Purpose of the object
6. Features of landscaping
7. Territory balance
8. Landing list
Conclusion
Introduction
In recent years, there has been a positive trend of an integrated approach to solving the landscape design of school institutions. The main task of landscape design is to organize the space in accordance with functional, environmental and aesthetic requirements, create its vivid artistic image and evoke positive emotions in the surrounding people.
In our country, for school educational institutions, equipment is produced developed by specialists in the physical development of children in collaboration with hygienists, teachers, engineers, designers and architects.
A lot of useful and original things can be seen today at educational institutions of various regions of our region and city. And this is a great merit of the city administration, which pays great attention to improving the improvement of both the city and the territories of educational institutions.
When solving the issues of planning and improvement of school institutions, much attention is paid to landscaping.
Green spaces affect the microclimate and are of great sanitary and hygienic importance, which is as follows:
they have a positive effect on the temperature regime of internal spaces;
directly protect the building of the school institution, gazebos, sheds and areas of the territory from excessive insolation;
protect from strong winds;
have a beneficial effect on the child's body as a whole and, in particular, on his nervous system;
make it possible to organize children's recreation directly on the territory of the school institution.
Vegetation can be used in architectural and planning solutions.
Using the example of a term paper, I would like to offer my own options for landscaping and landscaping the territory of a school institution.
The purpose of this project is to develop a project for landscaping and beautification of the school territory in accordance with the design norms and rules, to meet the social and functional needs of children, their physical and mental development, while trying to preserve the landscape and natural integrity of the territory.
1. Purpose of the object
The object of improvement considered in this course work is the territory of a school located in the village of Maryina Roshcha, not far from Gelendzhik. The site is intended for physical education classes for students, conducting experiments in natural disciplines, holding school assemblies and events, as well as a place for students to relax during their free time from lessons. Therefore, on the site of the school, in addition to the main building, training and sports areas with appropriate equipment are usually placed. The list of structures and landscaping objects on the school site and their dimensions are given below:
In addition to the listed elements of the educational and sports zones, rest areas are placed among the ornamental plants on the school site. In some cases, when the size of the school site is insufficient, some elements of the zones have to be excluded.
The area of plots for schools corresponds to the capacity of the latter: if the school has a capacity of 640 places, it is allocated a plot of 2 hectares, 960 places - 2.8, 1280-3, 1600-3.4 hectares. In this course project, the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire site is the school is 1.8 hectares, the projected fragment of the territory is 7700 m 2
One of the decisive factors of improvement are natural and climatic. These conditions determine the specifics of landscaping and special requirements for creating comfortable conditions for people's life. According to climatic characteristics, Gelendzhik belongs to the zone of dry subtropics of the Mediterranean type. It is characterized by dry, hot summers and warm, wet winters. Since ancient times, the climate of the area was determined by the magnitude of the slope of the sun's rays above the earth's surface (clima in Greek means slope). In this regard, Gelendzhik is located in favorable conditions - between 44 and 45 degrees north latitude. The Caucasus Mountains protect it from the northern cold air masses. The Black Sea softens the summer heat, and in winter, on the contrary, gives off the heat accumulated over the summer to the coast. The average annual air temperature in Gelendzhik is +13.7, Kabardinka +12.9, on Thin Cape +13.3 degrees Celsius. On the plain, negative temperatures in winter occur most often at night and during the northeast. And temperatures below 10 degrees are extremely rare. Table 1 shows the average monthly temperatures (in degrees Celsius) in some settlements. Table 1 - Average monthly temperature (in degrees Celsius mesyatsyZaIIIIIIShIIVIVVVIVVIIVVShIIHHHHHIHHIIgodAnapa12,116,250,410,115,620,023,423,217,212,572,431,411,9Kabardinka33,127,750,410,115,720,224,323,519,515,395,851,812,6Tonky mys32,948,060,810,816,020,224,023,819,915,195,461,113,3Gelendzhik55,245,870,611,717,219,924,124,019,315,485,871,013,7Tuapse44,347,670,611,316,220,123,023,419,615,610,261,613,5Sochi-tsentr68,064,080,011,516,120,122,923,119,815,911,881,414,1 The duration of sunshine in Gelendzhik is 2374 hours per year with a maximum in July and August. On average, there are 250 sunny days. Cloudiness is small. In summer it is 30%. The amount of precipitation in Gelendzhik does not exceed 796 mm per year, and on its northwestern outskirts, on Thin Cape - 598. In the coastal strip, with advancement to the southeast, the amount of precipitation increases to 1000 mm (Arkhipo-Osipovka). Moreover, precipitation everywhere falls unevenly throughout the year. Their maximum falls on November-February. Moreover, this precipitation falls mainly in the form of rain. Snow on the plain is rare and does not last long - from 1-2 hours to 2-3 days. In the summer, precipitation falls extremely irregularly and their duration is short. In some years, there may be no rain at all for several months. The average relative humidity reaches its highest value - 75% in May, in the summer months - only 62-69% (compare: in Sochi - 78%). This is an important element of the climate. The lower the relative humidity of the air, the easier the summer heat is tolerated. The spur of the Siberian anticyclone creates stable northeast winds over the Black Sea - the famous Black Sea north-east winds. They are strongest in winter. When northeast, the wind speed can reach 40 m/sec, and the air temperature sometimes drops to 15 degrees below zero. On the sea coasts, where there are river valleys, gorges, foehns are formed - warm, dry winds blowing from the mountains. Such winds usually operate in spring, sometimes in autumn and winter. The soil on the territory of the projected object is sand and gravel. More than half of the sandy soil consists of sand particles smaller than 5 mm in size, the shape of which is close to spherical. The space between individual grains of sand is called pores, they are filled with water and air. Unlike clay<#"center">2. Rationale for the choice of the designed solution
The main trend in the development of areas of secondary schools in the near future is a significant improvement in planning, equipping with universal types of lightweight modern equipment, landscaping and territory design. The main requirement in creating the aesthetic appearance of the site is not an increase in objects, but a comprehensive design, i.e. creation of uniform equipment in style, aesthetic integrity of the environment. When deciding on the architectural planning of the zone of the school educational institution, I chose a mixed style of landscape design, based on a combination of regular and landscape styles. Of all the styles of landscape design, regular is rightfully considered the most conservative. The basic principle of a regular style in landscape design is order and regularity in everything. All lines are geometrically correct, its paths are usually straight, and if not, then the lines of their bends are drawn on the plan using a compass. This style is used where they want to emphasize the impact of man on nature, to bring a sense of order, rigor and solemnity into the composition. As for the layout itself, it must be strictly geometric, where the building is the axis of symmetry. The main feature is its isolation from the surrounding nature, so the random arrangement of garden elements is unacceptable. It is difficult to imagine a regular style of landscape design without topiary figures. Many trees and shrubs (both deciduous and coniferous) lend themselves to topiary haircuts; Topiaries are given a variety of shapes (ball, cube, pyramid, cone, spiral). From plants for regular gardens choose evergreen species that remain decorative throughout the year. Arches often twine vines and climbing plants<#"justify">landscaping microclimate school planting 3. Description of the road and path network
One of the most important elements of improvement is the covering of paths and grounds, as they play an important role in the decorative design of the landscaped area. In this regard, when choosing the type of pavement, in addition to taking into account such indicators as reliability in operation, ease of installation and sanitary and hygienic characteristics, it is necessary to pay attention to the decorative properties of pavements. The road and path network in school institutions is basically not much different from the rest of the coverage of urban areas. The exception is children's playgrounds and sports facilities, where it is desirable to use a green lawn or new modern soft and environmentally friendly surfaces. In this work, I used the following paving methods: Paving on concrete. These are the most durable paths and platforms. This type of paving is used on the pavement around buildings and recreation areas, as well as on the site for school-wide events; synthetic coatings used on sports fields; Gravel paths and platforms are usually arranged in places of recreation and walks. Such paving needs periodic repairs, adding gravel or screenings, however, due to the contrast of textures, gravel paths give the park a special charm. So that gravel or screenings do not crumble to the sides, do not fall on the lawn, in flower beds, in a pond, curbs can be installed. The installation of borders gives the paving more strength, prevents the edges from breaking off. Large stones, special concrete curbs, wood are used as curbs. You can install curbs flush with the paving or higher. In the first case, they usually strive to give more strength to the edge, and in the second - to prevent the loose material from spilling. The installation of borders is carried out before the start of paving. Tiled coverings also provide the most interesting decorative solutions. Slabs can be concrete, cement, silicate, ceramic, natural stone and decorative mosaics. Tiled coatings are quite durable and easy to use. They make it easy to replace damaged slabs, shift them in case of subsidence of the base or repair of communications laid under the tracks. The device of such coatings is very simple, not laborious and does not require expensive machines and equipment. Gravel paths are arranged using granite cuttings (granite chips). Sports grounds. The most promising are synthetic coatings, among which the most widespread are polymers - polyurethanes in the form of monoliths - recortan, tartan, sportan - and coatings based on solid rubbers in the form of plates - armand, discord. These coatings are primarily elastic, have the properties of elastic oscillation, allow the runner to achieve great results with the same expended energy and at the same time have high performance properties: they react poorly to climatic conditions, are easily removed by mechanisms, and are not sensitive to the type of sports shoes. This project uses tartan - a gray-green or brown coating, laid on an asphalt concrete base 10-12 cm thick. 4. Description of the small architectural form
Small architectural forms - in landscape design, it is customary to call small structures installed in gardens and parks for functional and aesthetic purposes. These include gazebos, trellises, pergolas, arches, benches, sculptures, bridges, lamps, fountains, flowerpots, etc. In this project, a bench is considered as a small architectural form. Benches are used for short-term (without backrests) and long-term (with backrests) rest for visitors to the facility. They are distinguished by a wide variety of shapes and are made of various materials (metal, concrete, wood and stone). Benches used on the territory of the school site are benches for long rest. Benches tend to do: with one span 1.2 - 2 m long; with two spans 3.5 - 4 m long. The height of the benches is 40 cm. Wood is the most accessible material, it is easily processed and has a high thermal conductivity. With antiseptic and drying, the tree can be used for a long time and, most importantly, it is easily replaced in case of breakage. For the backs and seats, wooden slats with rounded top edges and a convex surface are used, which contributes to the rapid discharge of atmospheric precipitation from the slats and the drying of the surface of the backs and seats. Wide boards and half-beams retain moisture on their surface longer and dry out more slowly. Small architectural forms for recreation areas, gaming purposes - benches, tables, swings, carousels, booms, climbing walls, sandboxes, pyramids, creepers, rolling hills, etc. - are mass-produced. 5. Description of equipment used
When designing the landscaping of the courtyard area, the following types of site equipment were used. Garden furniture. Canopies for adults ,
are installed at meeting points with children on the playground in different compositions - a line, a semicircle, a square, etc. Rest benches are an integral part of landscape design. Used mainly in the design of walking areas, they have a metal base. The seats for the benches are various coniferous woods. The wooden parts of benches and benches are subjected to antiseptic treatment and tinted. After that, the benches are covered with several layers of a special varnish that is resistant to various mechanical and atmospheric influences. Children's play complexes, playgrounds, various sports facilities - all this contributes to the proper development of children and health promotion. All equipment is made of metal and has all the necessary certificates and conclusions. The special coating of sports gaming complexes provides an attractive appearance and resistance to mechanical and atmospheric influences. Fireproof bins - principle of operation: The lid of the bin acts as a guaranteed high quality fire extinguisher, shutting off air in the event of a fire, thereby eliminating the flame. This reduces the risk of emergencies at the school site. Flower girls, vases and various forms are grouped into picturesque compositions or located on the site strictly functionally. street lighting Street lighting is necessary for the full life of any settlements. And it is used not only for security purposes, but also for decorating individual architectural objects, as well as parks and squares. .
The installation of lighting poles allows you to increase visibility on the roads at night. In addition, lighting poles form a peculiar appearance of the settlement, and also provide the necessary level of safety for both pedestrians and traffic. Lighting poles can be turned on in the evening either from the control room or manually. As street lighting, special street lamps and lamps are installed. Street lamps are called lighting poles, made in the form of one form or another, on which light sources are placed. And street lamps are called special lighting devices that are used to illuminate roads, parks, squares, as well as special illumination of various landscape and architectural objects. One of the most common types of lighting poles are street lamps, which are mounted in a special way on lighting poles or lighting poles. This type of lamps is considered one of the most reliable and efficient due to the fact that in this case the light comes from a certain height. And this means that it is able to cover a large area and is less prone to various mechanical damage. Lighting poles include a wide variety of street lighting poles, including metal lighting poles, polyhedral poles, and others. Lighting poles are made of steel sheets with a thickness of three millimeters. The lighting column has a conical shape, which has six or eight faces. The height of lighting poles can reach four, six, eight and ten meters. At the bottom of the lighting column there is a special hatch with a lid, which allows you to install and operate the electrical switching device. In addition, at the bottom of the lighting pole there is always a flange with a diameter of 200 millimeters, which is designed for installation and fastening on a concrete foundation, as well as on similar devices and an underground part. At the top, the outdoor lighting pole has a diameter of 62 mm. This part is designed to install brackets with fixtures. The steel structures of the street lamps are hot-dipped galvanized. These brackets are made of a metal pipe, the wall thickness of which is three millimeters. The outer diameter of such pipes is 48 millimeters. Sports ground equipment. Sports grounds include: football field, volleyball, basketball, tennis, camps, gymnastics grounds. The composition of the equipment of sports grounds depends on the facilities available for team sports. Thus, the equipment of a basketball court consists of racks (wooden or metal) with transparent boards made of hardboard measuring 1.8x1.2 m, on which metal rings with a diameter of 450 mm are fixed at a height of 3.05 m from the surface of the site. Shields should move away from the supports: for schoolchildren - by I.1.2 m; for adults - by 1.6.2.2 m. Metal or wooden supports are painted white. The volleyball court is equipped with two round metal or wooden poles with a diameter of 100.120 mm with a rope and a net tightly stretched between them at a height of 2.1 m - for children; 2.2 m - for women: 2.5 m - for men. In addition, the site has a mobile judges' tower, a table for judges-informers and benches for participants. Tennis court equipment includes: -low supports made of pipes with a diameter of 100.120 mm, sunk into the ground (into glasses with cement mortar): -"a mesh 12.8 m long, fixed on a rope stretched between supports at a height of 1.07 m - at the ends; 0.91 m - in the middle; -a training wooden wall 3.2-3.5 m high and of any width. To tension the rope, a “shoe” with a hook is installed in the center of the site, for which the mesh regulator is attached. The football field will be equipped with goals with an internal dimension of 7.32x2.44 m, made of round posts with a diameter of 120 mm and painted white. At the corners of the field, corner flags-limiters are installed. The gymnastic ground is equipped with a gymnastic town or an installation for hanging apparatus. A fence that separates the site from neighboring ones and protects the site from wind and noise. For the construction of such fences, durable materials are used: brick, concrete blocks, stone. The minimum height of the fence is 1.5 m. To protect against precipitation, stone and concrete fences are covered with cornices from above. Massive fences will become a little more elegant if you add them with arches and niches for flowers. From the side of the courtyard, benches of the same material are sometimes attached to the fences. Balls, flowerpots, containers with flowers or plates, the ends of which hang from all sides of the column, can be used as decoration for supporting posts. Drinking fountains. The fountain is designed for installation in standard water supply systems of schools and multi-stage purification of drinking water through a filtration system and disinfection using an ozonator. After cleaning with ozone, the water is not inferior to spring water in taste and quality. Even if the permissible concentration of microorganisms that are usually harmful and hazardous to health is repeatedly exceeded, the system returns the water to its original purity, while all useful minerals are preserved in ozonized water, which is very convenient for installing and using such fountains in the school yard. 6. Features of landscaping
Proper landscaping of a general education school site is a factor in the aesthetic, mental, moral and physical education of children and adolescents. When choosing plants, they take into account not only artistic, but also practical goals. So, alley (ordinary) plantings sometimes serve as protection from noise, wind, dust, snow, which will undoubtedly affect the selection of plant forms. It has been established that when creating a green protective zone along the fence of a school institution, the wind speed is reduced by more than half, and the air temperature in the green zone is set below the city by 8-10 °. Experts say that phytoncides (volatile protective substances) secreted by plants are able to kill pathogenic bacteria and purify the air (up to 70%) from dust. A variety of trees and shrubs, the beauty of shapes, density and color of the crown allow you to create expressive landscaping compositions. Plantings: group, alley, single, bay window, row, chess, enclosing, labyrinth, etc. - enliven the site, allow you to better use the expressive qualities of trunks, crowns, foliage. But planting trees and shrubs should not interfere with the insolation of the room (sunlight), and depending on the nature of the crown and the degree of foliage fall, they are planted at a distance of 5-10 m from the building. Before drawing up a landing drawing (dendroplan), you must also find out where the electric and telephone cables, heating pipes and other communications pass. So, planting trees closer than 1.5 m from the water supply and sewerage and 2 m from other networks is not allowed. Shrubs are planted no closer than 2 m from the gas pipeline, 1 m from the heating system and 0.5 m from the electric cable. Trees and shrubs such as maple, birch, linden, spruce, pine, poplar, ash, elm, bird cherry, larch, alder, chestnut, mountain ash, lilac, jasmine, spirea, cotoneaster, etc. In places where children play for a long time, it is recommended to plant trees with a dense crown - linden, maple, elm, etc. In early spring and late autumn, it is necessary to clean the landscaping. Maple, linden, poplar, elm, hawthorn, hornbeam, apple, willow, ash tolerate circumcision well, chestnut, birch, and walnut are bad. When designing tree and shrub plantations, I followed the norms of planting between trees and from trees to the walls of buildings, structures, etc. The standards are given in table 2. Table 2 - Distance from objects to plant axes ObjectMinimum distance to the axis of a plant, mtree of shrubsExternal walls of buildings and structures51.5 Curb of sidewalks and garden paths0.70.5Edge of the carriageway, edges of reinforced lanes of roadsides or edges of ditches21Masts of lighting network supports, trams, columns, galleries and overpasses41Fences up to 2 m high21 Fences more than 2 m high 41 Soles of slopes, terraces, etc. 10.5 Soles or internal edges of retaining walls 31 Underground utilities: gas pipelines, sewerage 1.51 Heating networks (from the walls of the channel) 21 Water pipelines, drainage 2-Power cables and communication cables (from the outer wall of the pipe) 20, 7From underground utility networks protected by pipes (from the wall) 10.3 On the site, small flower beds are also broken, but so that the flowering of plants does not coincide. For example, tulips and daffodils begin to bloom in spring, peonies, carnations and delphiniums begin to bloom in early summer, then phloxes, gladiolus, dahlias, and until late autumn - chrysanthemums, perennial asters, etc. These plants are perennial and require only top dressing, tillage and weed removal. The flowers on the school lawn are also selected for their continuous blooming. First, lawn grasses are sown, then flowering plants are planted. Perennials require cutting. Color design is simply necessary when landscaping school institutions, but even here it is necessary to approach the selection with all caution. Lawn coverings of group and sports grounds, sown with stable grass mixtures in combination with annual and perennial plants in a common flower garden, in flower beds and rabatka group sites, play an important role in landscaping the site. The aesthetic appearance of the lawn is maintained by periodically mowing the grass, but it is also good to leave islands of tall grass gardening with field vegetation. A wide variety of types of lawn gardening are widely used, combined with flower beds, flower beds, oases with water, sand, pebbles, etc. The floral and woody design of the school site is fully consistent with the style I have chosen. Planting is carried out in the morning. With a scoop, they dig holes of the right size so that the roots of the plants do not bend during planting, and the seedlings are planted a little deeper than the root collar. The distance between plants depends on their size. Flower beds are watered in the evening after 17 hours or in the morning. Flower beds from carpet plants are watered more often, up to 40-50 times per season. In dry and hot weather in the evening between waterings, a refreshing watering or spraying is carried out. To create a rose garden, a rose of two types is used. Californian on the sides, because it has almost no thorns, the flowers are not large, pink. Far Eastern in the middle, it is more prickly with large red flowers. Tulip - varieties from the group of Darwin hybrids are especially good for decorating gardens and parks. They look elegant against the background of a lawn or shrubs, in flower beds. For planting, it is better to take the bulbs of the first and second parsing, blooming the next year. The most attractive are small groups of the same variety. Since the varieties bloom non-simultaneously, the height of the plants and the color of their flowers are different, it is not advisable to mix them. In flower beds, tulips are grown in one place for 2-3 years. So that the site does not lose its decorative appearance after flowering, annual and perennial plants grown in pots are planted between rows. Viola (violet, pansy) is a member of the violet family. A plant 20 - 25 cm high with large flowers of different shapes and colors. Varieties of large-flowered garden viola are complex hybrids. So, tricolor violet (viola tricolor) appeared as a result of many years of selection work of specialists and amateur flower growers. It is believed that simple pansies came to the garden from England. Their progenitors are wild violets (viola tricolor and lutea). Although flower growers have long known these wild flowers well, the first serious attempts to cultivate them were made only at the beginning. Caring for plants in a flower arrangement consists in regular watering, weeding and loosening the soil. In order not to develop fruits, all faded flowers are removed, otherwise flowering will stop. For viola allocate sunny places. In partial shade, it blooms longer, but the flowers are smaller and paler. In summer, after flowering, it is replaced by other annual plants. In our country, the following varieties are most often grown: Forbote (flowers white and blue), Zurich See (blue), Bergwacht (dark purple), Himmels Koenige (light blue), Gold Crown, Abendglut (reddish brown). These varieties bloom early in spring. Brief description of climatic subregions. Trees and shrubs. Lawns and flower beds. Spring plantingAutumn plantingBeginning of sowingEnd of sowingClimatic subregion with an average monthly temperature of January - 15 0C and above July from +25 0C and above. MarchOctober - November1st decade of March1st decade of November 7. Territory balance
Since the territories of school institutions are restricted areas, and since these areas occupy a significant part of the territory of the microdistrict, they are of great importance in the overall landscaping system of the microdistrict. Zoning of the territory of the school site provides for the organization of group and sports grounds, a meteorological site, a utility yard, etc. On the basis of the master plan, calculations were made, on the basis of which the balance of the territory was compiled, presented in Table 4. Table 4 - Balance of the territory of the site Name of elementsAreaNumber of elements per 1 ha. landscaping Note. m 2%of the total area Buildings and structures203026,42030School building and workshopCarriageways, m. ) paving made of concrete, slabs 25*25 cm. a) bench - 810b) urn - 68Area under plantations, m 2including: 3773.750-10000 a) under trees145018.8-1883-b) under bushes2353.1_305-c) under flower beds87.51.1_113-d) under lawns2001.226_2598-And that: 7700100--- Thus, the percentage of landscaping of the site is 50%, which is slightly lower than the norm of landscaping for the southern region, therefore, in the future, it is planned to increase the area of landscaping through the use of stationary garden flowerpots on recreation areas and on the site for events. Plantations with paths, areas for recreation and games occupy more than 70 %
total area. Since the proportion of plantings equal to 75% of the total area of the site is recognized as reasonable, and in this project it is 74%, the distribution of the territory complies with the standards. 8. Landing list
The planting list of plants used in the design is presented in table 5. Table 5 - Landing List Changing the breed and species of spaces from the TRAST, Poll., Square1Clene ostolist107s Komom 1.3x1,3х0.65 M2BERES Warf 1035С Komom 1.3x1,3х0.65 M3lip Meltsolite 1030s Komom 1.3x1,3х0.65 M4SPA Krymskaya1075Sashit Common 338Sholes6Shis m8Viola-345With a clod 0.1x0.1x0.15 m9Petunia hybrid-560With a clod 0.1x0.1x0.15 m10Lawn - seeding Conclusion
Designing a general education school site is a long and painstaking work. In my course project, I tried to take into account all the goals and objectives of creating a green zone, taking into account the natural and climatic conditions, the needs of the population, the functionality and diversity of the object, as well as aesthetic appeal. At the same time, special attention was paid to the issue of preserving the existing landscape and vegetation. In my opinion, the main task of a landscape architect is to harmoniously combine nature with the activities of human hands. Without destroying the green island she has already created, to be able to transform it into something beautiful, capable of serving the good and pleasing to the eye, but the issue of gardening must be approached very seriously. The appearance of the school site should be thought out to the smallest detail even before the completion of the project of the building itself, based on the experience and mistakes of previous layouts, and is largely determined by its relationship with the building, the surrounding landscape, but most importantly - the layout and appearance of architectural structures, small forms and landscaping. Having learned a lot about the design and improvement of a school institution, I realized how important it is for the health of our children, our future, for their physical and mental development. Architects must create a beautiful and durable house, and the task of landscapers is to enclose and create comfort, to create as many corners of nature as possible. I am very glad that now the administration of Novorossiysk pays great attention to landscaping and improvement of streets, courtyards, school grounds and parks of the city. Bibliography
1.GOST 21.204-93* SPDS. Conditional graphic designations and images of elements of master plans and transport structures 2.GOST 21.508-93* SPDS. Rules for the implementation of working drawings of master plans for enterprises, structures and civil housing facilities .GOST 21.101-97* SPDS. Basic requirements for design and working documentation .SNiP 23-01-99* Building climatology .SNiP 2.07.01-89* Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements .Garnisonenko T.S. Handbook of the modern landscape designer. - Rn / D: Phoenix, 2005. - 315 p. .Kaznov S.D. Kaznov S.S. Improvement of residential areas of urban areas. - M.: Izd-vo ASV, 2009. - 216 p.
Proper landscaping of a general education school site is a factor in the aesthetic, mental, moral and physical education of children and adolescents.
When choosing plants, they take into account not only artistic, but also practical goals. So, alley (ordinary) plantings sometimes serve as protection from noise, wind, dust, snow, which will undoubtedly affect the selection of plant forms.
It has been established that when creating a green protective zone along the fence of a school institution, the wind speed is reduced by more than half, and the air temperature in the green zone is set below the city by 8-10 °.
Experts say that phytoncides (volatile protective substances) secreted by plants are able to kill pathogenic bacteria and purify the air (up to 70%) from dust.
A variety of trees and shrubs, the beauty of shapes, density and color of the crown allow you to create expressive landscaping compositions. Plantings: group, alley, single, bay window, row, chess, enclosing, labyrinth, etc. - enliven the site, allow you to better use the expressive qualities of trunks, crowns, foliage.
But planting trees and shrubs should not interfere with the insolation of the room (sunlight), and depending on the nature of the crown and the degree of foliage fall, they are planted at a distance of 5-10 m from the building. Before drawing up a landing drawing (dendroplan), you must also find out where the electric and telephone cables, heating pipes and other communications pass. So, planting trees closer than 1.5 m from the water supply and sewerage and 2 m from other networks is not allowed. Shrubs are planted no closer than 2 m from the gas pipeline, 1 m from the heating system and 0.5 m from the electric cable.
Trees and shrubs such as maple, birch, linden, spruce, pine, poplar, ash, elm, bird cherry, larch, alder, chestnut, mountain ash, lilac, jasmine, spirea, cotoneaster, etc. In places where children play for a long time, it is recommended to plant trees with a dense crown - linden, maple, elm, etc.
In early spring and late autumn, it is necessary to clean the landscaping. Maple, linden, poplar, elm, hawthorn, hornbeam, apple, willow, ash tolerate circumcision well, chestnut, birch, and walnut are bad.
When designing tree and shrub plantations, I followed the norms of planting between trees and from trees to the walls of buildings, structures, etc. The standards are given in table 2.
Table 2 - Distance from objects to plant axes
| Minimum distance to plant axis, m | ||
| tree | shrub | |
| External walls of buildings and structures | 5 | 1,5 |
| Edge of sidewalks and garden paths | 0,7 | 0,5 |
| The edge of the carriageway of streets, the edges of the reinforced lanes of roadsides or the edges of ditches | 2 | 1 |
| Masts of lighting network supports, trams, columns, galleries and flyovers | 4 | 1 |
| Fences up to 2 m high | 2 | 1 |
| Fences over 2 m high | 4 | 1 |
| Soles of slopes, terraces, etc. | 1 | 0,5 |
| Toes or inner faces of retaining walls | 3 | 1 |
| Underground communications: gas pipelines, sewerage | 1,5 | 1 |
| Heating networks (from the channel walls) | 2 | 1 |
| Plumbing, drainage | 2 | - |
| Power cables and communication cables (from the outer wall of the pipe) | 2 | 0,7 |
| From underground utility networks protected by pipes (from the wall) | 1 | 0,3 |
Small flower beds are also laid out on the site, but in such a way that the flowering of plants does not coincide. For example, tulips and daffodils begin to bloom in spring, peonies, carnations and delphiniums begin to bloom in early summer, then phloxes, gladiolus, dahlias, and until late autumn - chrysanthemums, perennial asters, etc. These plants are perennial and require only top dressing, tillage and weed removal. The flowers on the school lawn are also selected for their continuous blooming.
First, lawn grasses are sown, then flowering plants are planted. Perennials require cutting.
Color design is simply necessary when landscaping school institutions, but even here it is necessary to approach the selection with all caution.
Lawn coverings of group and sports grounds, sown with stable grass mixtures in combination with annual and perennial plants in a common flower garden, in flower beds and rabatka group sites, play an important role in landscaping the site.
The aesthetic appearance of the lawn is maintained by periodically mowing the grass, but it is also good to leave islands of tall grass gardening with field vegetation. A wide variety of types of lawn gardening are widely used, combined with flower beds, flower beds, oases with water, sand, pebbles, etc.
The floral and woody design of the school site is fully consistent with the style I have chosen.
Planting is carried out in the morning. With a scoop, they dig holes of the right size so that the roots of the plants do not bend during planting, and the seedlings are planted a little deeper than the root collar. The distance between plants depends on their size. Flower beds are watered in the evening after 17 hours or in the morning. Flower beds from carpet plants are watered more often, up to 40-50 times per season. In dry and hot weather in the evening between waterings, a refreshing watering or spraying is carried out. To create a rose garden, a rose of two types is used. Californian on the sides, because it has almost no thorns, the flowers are not large, pink. Far Eastern in the middle, it is more prickly with large red flowers.
Tulip - varieties from the group of Darwin hybrids are especially good for decorating gardens and parks. They look elegant against the background of a lawn or shrubs, in flower beds.
For planting, it is better to take the bulbs of the first and second parsing, blooming the next year.
The most attractive are small groups of the same variety. Since the varieties bloom non-simultaneously, the height of the plants and the color of their flowers are different, it is not advisable to mix them.
In flower beds, tulips are grown in one place for 2-3 years. So that the site does not lose its decorative appearance after flowering, annual and perennial plants grown in pots are planted between rows.
Viola (violet, pansy) is a member of the violet family. A plant 20 - 25 cm high with large flowers of different shapes and colors. Varieties of large-flowered garden viola are complex hybrids.
So, tricolor violet (viola tricolor) appeared as a result of many years of selection work of specialists and amateur flower growers.
It is believed that simple pansies came to the garden from England. Their progenitors are wild violets (viola tricolor and lutea). Although flower growers have long known these wild flowers well, the first serious attempts to cultivate them were made only at the beginning.
Caring for plants in a flower arrangement consists in regular watering, weeding and loosening the soil. In order not to develop fruits, all faded flowers are removed, otherwise flowering will stop.
For viola allocate sunny places. In partial shade, it blooms longer, but the flowers are smaller and paler. In summer, after flowering, it is replaced by other annual plants. In our country, the following varieties are most often grown: Forbote (flowers white and blue), Zurich See (blue), Bergwacht (dark purple), Himmels Koenige (light blue), Gold Crown, Abendglut (reddish brown). These varieties bloom early in spring.
School landscaping and beautification project
Chupakhina Julia 11th grade
Yudin Anton -10 cells.
Supervisor:
Medvedeva Yulia Viktorovna
Kurasovka 2013
Content
…A beautiful landscape has such a huge educational influence on the development of a young soul that it is difficult to compete with the influence of an educator.
K. D. Ushinsky
Introduction
School for us is not only a place where we acquire knowledge, but also a place where we learn to communicate, experience the sorrows and joys of the most beautiful period in a person's life - childhood. Best friends, first love, first successes and victories are known to us here, within the walls of our own school, at lessons and breaks.
The school yard is the face of the educational institution and a huge space for creating creative projects. How well-groomed and beautiful the territory of the school yard will be depends on us. If the school has a lot of green spaces, flowering plants, then this contributes to environmental education.
Properly selected trees, shrubs, flowers, which are placed in good taste, create a psychologically favorable environment, have a positive effect on people's moods, and give the yard a unique flavor. At the same time, this is a simple and affordable way to create your own unique environment.
Having examined the school territory, we noticed that our school yard does not look like we would like it to be: overgrown with shrubs, there is no stylistic unity in the design of flower beds. A survey of students and school employees showed that it is necessary to carry out a number of activities in order to create a corner with new beautiful flower beds, an alpine slide, paths, and a fountain.
The solution to this problem became possible in the implementation of the social project "Blossoming Yard".
Target:
Changing the "landscape design" on the territory of the school and improving the environmental situation by planting trees and shrubs in this area.
To achieve this goal, we set the following
tasks:
1. To form a sense of civic responsibility in solving urgent problems of the local community.
2. To introduce students to the basic skills and concepts of landscape design.
3. Master the skills of a communicative culture, work in a team.
4. Promote the development of independent practical activities.
5. To unite the efforts of students, teachers, parents, the public, aimed at the improvement, aesthetic design and landscaping of the school
6. To instill in students a careful attitude to the wealth of their native land, to develop their skills in rational environmental management
Expected results:
Improvement and gardening of the school territory;
Increasing the level of interest in the protection and conservation of the natural environment;
Expansion of species diversity of plants in the school area;
Improving the ecological culture of students;
Improving the mental and physical health of students;
Reducing the number of children at risk.
- cooperation of students, teachers, parents, aimed at the improvement and landscaping of the school territory
Project Implementation Work Plan
| Stages of project implementation | Activity content | Intermediate result of activity |
|
| Stage 1 Preparatory Spring 2011 | 1. Study of the legal framework and scientific and methodological literature on this issue. 2. Write an announcement about the project 3.Form students and parents through class hours and parent-teacher meetings 4. Development of the project "Flowering Yard". | - Regulatory documents and special literature, methodological developments; Landscaping of plots by classes allocated by the initiative group. Summing up the first results. |
|
| Stage 2 Practical Spring 2011 - 2012 Landscaping of the school and landscaping of the school grounds. | activity content | terms | executor |
| 1. Questioning | April | Initiative group, class teachers, deputy. director of VR |
|
| 2. Landscaping of fixed areas of the territory | March, April | Classroom teachers |
|
| 3. Analysis of the ecological state of the school territory | April May | Biology teacher |
|
| 4. Drawing competition "Flower of my dreams" | May | Art teacher, parents, students |
|
| 5. Class hour "I am the owner of the school yard." | May | Classroom teachers |
|
| 6. Organization of work on digging a flower garden | May | Technology teacher, assistant business director |
|
| 7. Breakdown of new flower beds, paths. | May | Teacher of technology and biology, deputy. business director |
|
| 8. Planting trees and shrubs | May June | Deputy director of economic affairs, class teachers |
|
| Creation of an alpine slide and a fountain. | May June | Technology and biology teachers parents, students, class teachers |
|
| 9. Acquiring seeds and growing seedlings | May June | Deputy director of economic affairs, biology teacher, administration of the Kurasovsky rural settlement |
|
| 10. Labor landing "I can do anything myself - I will clean and save the school yard" for the improvement of the school territory | June | Deputy business directors, class teachers, parents |
|
Project Description
The project involves the creation of the following zones on the school grounds:
1.Flower-decorative zone "Rainbow Fantasy"
2. Rock garden:
Alpine slide
rockery
3. Zone of trees and shrubs
4. Play area
5. Household
Flower and decorative zone"Rainbow Fantasy"
There was a need to have more and more new plants on our site, ideas were born for the design of new flower beds. The variety of flower beds is a wonderful decoration of the school grounds.
Flowers are an ideal and versatile tool in landscape design. They gave our schoolyard a unique charm.
From early spring to late autumn, we admire the flowering of tulips, daffodils, crocuses, primroses, lupines, irises, roses, petunias, geraniums, marigolds, zinnias, asters, and others. other plants.
The flower beds were broken into the following types:
The regular flower bed is her hallmark, a strict geometric pattern of plants that is easily discernible when using simple, symmetrical forms, but much less obvious in the intricacies of abstract shapes. Two hallmarks:
a) All plants should bloom at the same time.
b) The presence of clear boundaries between plantings, emphasizing the absence of any traces of "naturalness" in a regular flower bed.
Irregular flower bed - plants are planted in small groups, like frost-resistant perennials in a grassy border. The flower bed looks more natural, often the planting zones of different plants overlap. The design of the flower bed is done in such a way that the flowering of one group followed the other. This allows for longer flowering.
Raised flower bed - best suited for planting, because. is part of the site in the full sense of the word and can be large enough to create an impressive arrangement of flower beds.
The carpet bed is a method of planting dwarf plants with colored foliage, which results in complex patterns reminiscent of an oriental carpet ornament. Mono-flowers - the entire flower bed or border is planted with plants of the same species.
A vertical flower bed is a three-dimensional flower bed, often used in landscaping, as an exclusive element. Sometimes decorative flower beds are made in the form of a figure.
In the flowerbed-panel, various undersized plants are used to create not an ornament, but a specific image, along with ornamental plants, flowering flowerbed plants are also used. What is a flower bed plant? A flower bed is such an ornamental plant that, in a leafy state, is planted on a permanent, flowerbed-shaped place in open ground or in a container, where it is kept for a limited time.
rock garden
The rock garden was placed so that it organically fits into its environment. A sunny place with sufficiently aerated soil was chosen for it in a site that is clearly visible from a short distance. We tried to create conditions that are most characteristic of the habitats of most mountain plants.
The construction of the rock garden began with the layout and layout of the site. It was then cleared, the sod removed and weeded to remove all weeds. Having finished clearing, a layer of construction waste, slag or gravel was applied. It turned out a water-permeable layer that does not allow water to linger - after all, most mountain plants do not tolerate the constant presence of moisture. If the soil in the area is silty, dense, and water stagnates on it, then the drainage layer should be thicker, at least half a meter. This layer is created by backfilling with earth without fertilizers, best of all with turf compost with the addition of sand, peat and humus. Over-enriching the land leads to exactly the opposite results: plants grow too tall, form loose thickets, or do not appear at all. Most alpine plants are ascetics, as Nature has created them.
Having started the rock garden, they marked out paths, steps, and transitions in advance. The relief should be modeled on the model of a natural landscape, which means that it is necessary to mark “valleys”, “plateaus”, “tops” and “cliffs”, create zones of different illumination: a zone of full illumination, a zone with a slope away from the sun , shadow. Such conditions dictate the requirements of plants, their ecology.
Created in the same area fountain.
First, with the help of a cord, a watering hose or just a trickle of sand, a contour of a reservoir was drawn on the surface of the earth, the outlines of which were chosen to your liking. After that, they dug a pit and formed a place where aquatic vegetation was later located. It was necessary to remove all sharp objects from the surface of the pit - stones, remnants of roots, in order to protect the film from possible damage. Then a layer of sand 5 cm thick was poured onto the bottom of the pit. For additional safety, the sand was covered with burlap. Then they laid the film, pressing it tightly against all the bends of the pit, and filled it with water to the level of the swampy zone. In this case, the wrinkles remaining on the film can be straightened. Since the elastic coating will still sag under the weight of water for some time, the design of the banks was postponed for two days.
The main rule when gardening a small pond is a careful selection of plants. From fast-growing species, such as, for example, reeds, cattails, long-leaved ranunculus, you will have to turn out, otherwise within a couple of years they will literally fill the entire reservoir.
The range of weakly growing plants for different depths is quite wide: plantain chastuha, river gravel, water mint, marsh forget-me-not. At a depth of 10 - 40 cm, calamus feels good. The deepest places in the reservoir belong to water lilies. Among them, you should also choose only dwarf, slow-growing species and varieties, for example, fragrant water lily or snow water lily, which are planted to a depth of 50 cm.
In order to create an unusual flower garden ( rockery), you need to stock up on stones or flagstone of a beautiful shape, color, sizes can be different - from small pebbles to solid blocks or boulders. Stones and tiles are placed on the site, trying to create a beautiful composition, including paths paved with these stones, so as not to disturb the plants when you need to walk through the rockery. 
In stony gardens, perennials are planted mainly, stunted and medium in height, and only occasionally, like tapeworms, tall. On the southern slopes or terraces, light-loving and drought-resistant plants are preferred, on the northern and northwestern slopes - shade-tolerant and relatively moisture-loving.
Area of trees and shrubs
Tree and shrub plantings are located along the perimeter of the school site. Small trees and tall shrubs (mountain ash, lilac, linden) are planted around the building, but no closer than 5 meters from the windows; tall trees (white locust, birch, oaks, maples, etc.) - 10 meters (to avoid darkening of classrooms). And at the entrance to the primary classes, blue spruces flaunt.
Around the school territory, we began to create a dense multi-row hedge of shrubs (yellow acacia, black mountain ash). Trees such as chestnuts and pines were also planted here. These green spaces will well protect the school building from dust and wind, muffle street noise. If possible, it is better to take the trees out of the fence, this will increase the planting area. 
The most suitable for the design of school areas are birch, linden, mountain ash, maple, spruce. It is advisable to select shrubs in such a way that most of them bloom in April-June and look attractive in the autumn when the color of the leaves changes. Yellow leaves of plants look beautiful on green lawns.
Game Zone
The play area is designed for recreation and entertainment. This territory should carry a positive emotional charge, be bright, colorful and interesting, so that children can communicate and relax here with pleasure. Wooden sculptures ("Birch well"), decorative small sculptural forms ("Fairy of Flowers", Merry Gnomes) Unusual flowerbeds (“Blue Stream”, “Fragrant Glade”) delight the younger children of our school.
Economic zone
The school educational and experimental site is the material base for teaching biology and technology. It makes it possible to establish a connection between theory and practice and is intended for conducting theoretical and practical classes, organizing socially useful and productive labor, experimental, environmental work, and environmental education of students.
The educational and experimental site of the school is an area of open ground, divided into sectors. Each sector corresponds to a certain department: field, collection, flower and decorative, fruit and berry, vegetable. Work on it begins already in early spring: fertile soil is poured and organic fertilizers are applied. Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, carrots, and peppers are planted by high school students and teachers.
The site is surrounded by a hedge of trees and shrubs, which the students of our school systematically take care of: pruning trees, uprooting dead trees and shrubs, whitewashing tree trunks.
The results of the implementation of the project of landscaping and improvement of the school territory.
During the implementation of the "Flowering Yard" project, the following works were performed:
1. Organized joint activities of students, parents, teachers, villagers to carry out the main activities of the project (creative groups were formed in various areas of activity, at the preparatory stage, a landscape organization of the school territory was carried out, plants for gardening were selected);
2. Trees were pruned, dead trees and shrubs were uprooted, tree trunks were whitewashed;
3. New trees and shrubs planted
4. Cleaning of the school territory from household waste
5. Broken new flower beds, paths
6. Alpine slide and fountain created
7. Seeds purchased, seedlings grown
Conclusion.
Our project is the result of joint activities of children and adults, proof of the ability of children to offer ideas and options for solving important environmental issues. The school territory has become an effective continuation and addition of the educational process.
In the open air, mass extra-curricular activities are held: school-wide gatherings and lines, graduate evenings, fairs, sports competitions.
At any time of the year, environmental work is carried out in the school yard: in the fall, feeders are hung up, environmental subbotniks are held to clean up the territory; in winter, the guys feed the birds; in the spring, the species composition of vegetation is updated, environmental propaganda is carried out among students and the adult population of our village. During the summer period, on the school territory, students undergo labor practice (cleaning the territory, caring for plants).
Green spaces improve the microclimate, trap dust, gases, and have a beneficial effect on the mental state of a person. Plants, including flowers, are of great aesthetic and decorative value.
In addition to the aesthetic function, the practical function is very important. The modern school is focused on ensuring that the child receives not only theoretical knowledge, but also direct practical skills. Therefore, what the student learns during the design will be useful to him in life.
Literature
The improvement of the school territory is an important and multi-stage project that cannot be successfully implemented without knowing how the educational institution and its individual elements function. By carefully considering the details, you can turn an ordinary school site not only into a place where children like to relax and play, but also transform it into an excellent learning and developing space.
Of course, the landscaping of the school grounds can be entrusted to professionals. But not every school has the funds for this. Therefore, we suggest that you try to manage on your own. For example, you can offer the role of designers to the students themselves and their teachers. Surely, among them there are quite a few creative individuals who are ready to contribute to the improvement of the school yard. Announce a school-wide competition for the best design project. Identify the winner, whose work will form the basis for the improvement of the school grounds.
Don't do any work without having a well-thought-out design project in hand. Chaotic landscaping or decorative work can do more harm than good.
Situational plan- a document that graphically displays how certain objects are located on the territory, with the identification of their compositional and functional relationships with other objects.
Functional areas- zones with certain boundaries and a certain functional value, according to the documents of territorial planning.
Most educational institutions divide their territory into front (central), sports, gaming and economic zones. But there can be much more of them, depending on the possibilities of the school: financial and territorial.
Consider also what elements of landscape design you will share your functional areas with. Usually for these purposes are used: hedges, flower beds, decorative paths from a variety of materials, alleys.
An important point in the project of improvement of the territory of the school is its landscaping.
Along the perimeter of the school territory, it is possible to plan the creation of a hedge in the form of trees and shrubs. Such a design solution will help protect teachers and students of the school from noise and dust, and will contribute to the creation of special microclimatic conditions on the territory of the school.
If your school yard does not have gazebos or verandas, and you do not plan to build them, consider planting large trees and shrubs that can mitigate the effects of sunlight and provide natural shade.
Large trees and shrubs should also be used to protect the sports ground from ultraviolet rays and the hot sun, especially if sports or play equipment is installed on it.
Adding green spaces that create a shady shelter for players and spectators is also recommended in the areas of the basketball and volleyball courts, tennis courts, if any. Plant trees, taking into account the size of their root system, approximately 10 meters from the sites.
Plant trees with a dense crown around the perimeter of the football field. But it is not recommended to use shrubs with dense foliage, so as not to create convenient corners for sheltering unintentional persons.
Open free areas must be sown with a lawn, paved or laid out with a special coating. Remember that lawn grass needs sun to grow healthy. If this condition cannot be met, opt for a special coating (for example, based on crumb rubber).
Particular attention should be paid to the main entrance to the school. Here will be the place for colorful flower beds, elegant flower beds and decorative groups of plants.
Do not plant plants that have poisonous parts in school areas. Remember that there are plants whose poison may be contained in the bark, leaves, seeds or fruits. Also exclude plants that are obvious allergens from the list of plantings.
Coniferous plants are one of the most common options for landscaping areas around public buildings. And this is no coincidence. Not only do they stay green all year round, but they also have antimicrobial properties. Consider placing Norway spruce, prickly spruce, or maybe Siberian larch trees in the areas of your educational institution that are most suitable for them.
The creeping variety of juniper is good because it can serve as an edging for taller plants, but it will also look great on its own.
Well, and, of course, the project of landscaping the school site cannot but accommodate all kinds of flower beds. Given the geometric nature of most school plots, it is better to decorate the territory with borders, flower beds, alpine slides and discounts.
Due to thoughtful landscape lighting, any school site can be turned into an eye-catching territory. In addition, a well-lit area is a guarantee of the safety of schoolchildren, their teachers and parents. The presence of light is especially valuable in winter, when it starts to get dark very early.
Highlight areas that need functional lighting and areas for decorative lighting. Without functional lighting, you can not leave the area around the perimeter of the school, paths, sports and playgrounds.
Decorative lighting is a luxury for budgetary institutions, but if you still find the funds, highlight the most decorative places: small architectural forms, plants with an interesting texture, some parts of the building (for example, the main entrance).
Do not trust installation work to illuminate school areas to unverified persons. This work requires compliance with special rules and regulations, so it is better to invite professionals to perform it.
