You can not do without the simplest in terms of the principle of operation and design of installations. How to make such an apparatus to make a hole in the soil with a depth of at least 20 m (maximum 75 m)? The scheme of the drilling rig is quite simple, so it will not be difficult to make it.
It can have a different design, which directly affects the principle of its operation. It is customary to distinguish several types of devices.
The auger drilling rig has a working tool in the form of a rod with blades (auger). For making holes of small depth under the equipment, it is carried out manually. If the well has a significant depth when drilling, it is necessary to use a powerful engine with significant torque.
With the help of auger equipment, rock particles are removed from the depth without washing. This reduces the efficiency of the rig, so it is suitable for drilling in low density soils.
It consists of a solid frame (most often in the form of a tripod), and a chisel or bailer is used as the main working tool. The impact mechanism is lowered down by means of a cable manually or using a gear motor.
It involves rotary drilling with water supply, which washes the rock particles out. Equipment of this type can be operated manually, for example, for the installation of a screw pile. An electric drive is used to construct wells with considerable depth.
A self-made drilling rig, depending on the purpose, is equipped with various drills:
A spoon drill is used to pass through a layer of plastic soil (a mixture of sand and clay). Usually the drilling tool is made in the form of a spoon. The cutter is placed on the left side, and the transverse protrusion is on the right. Also, the spoon can be made from an ordinary steel pipe having a suitable diameter.
The serpentine drill is used to pass dense soils. This tool works on the principle of a corkscrew. The blade of the drill is made in the form of a dovetail. It is formed from hardened steel for increased strength. Making a serpentine drill with your own hands is quite difficult. To do this, you should use the services of professionals.
The chisel is capable of breaking rocky rock. When creating a bit, special attention should be paid to its point angle. The functionality of the drill depends on this characteristic. To resolve stony soils, the angle of sharpening should be 110-125 degrees, soft - 35-70.
Homemade drilling rig
To build a simple drilling rig, you need to prepare the following tools:
How to make a mini drilling rig? The drawings of such home-made equipment are very simple, so there should not be any problems during assembly.
To make a drilling rig, you should follow the following instructions:
This installation is completely ready for a complex of drilling operations. When operating it, one must not forget to change short pipes for longer ones when a certain depth is reached.
How to make electric driven impact type equipment for making deep holes in dense soils? What are the installation instructions? To obtain effective equipment, you must adhere to the following rules:
The drill is made of a steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm. A thread is screwed onto the upper end of the segment. On the opposite side of the pipe, a screw screw with a diameter of 200 mm is made, having 1-2 turns. Steel knives are welded to the ends of the resulting workpiece. They should be placed at some angle relative to the soil, which will allow it to be cut during operation.
To work effectively with an auger drill, it is necessary to attach a steel pipe 1.5 m long to the tee. Fixation is performed by a welding machine. There must be a screw thread inside the tee. It is screwed onto a 1.5-meter rod. To use the drill, you need to take the pipe and make rotational movements to deepen the tool into the soil.
In the absence of centralized water supply or a well, a well is drilled under water. Experts are hired to carry out drilling operations. They have special equipment for drilling wells.
Services of specialized organizations have a high cost. To reduce costs, home-made equipment is made. The article shows the simplest scheme of a drilling rig that anyone can perform.
For drilling wells in suburban areas, small-sized drilling rigs (MBU) are used. They are characterized by small size, simple design and mobility.
There are the following types of equipment for drilling wells:
The working tool of the unit is a bailer. It has the form of a cylindrical hollow steel pipe 80-120 mm and 50-100 cm long. A metal handle is welded from one end. The other end is equipped with a metal or rubber valve. To protect the penetration from destruction, both ends of the element are rounded.
The working projectile is fixed on a frame with a winch. Under the action of the load, the bailer is lowered into the well. When the bottom is reached, the valve tongue opens. The device captures part of the soil and the bailer is lifted up. When moving up, the valve tongue closes.
Excavation of the earth from the well is carried out with special devices - augers. They are steel pipes with a threaded tip. Product diameter - 100-200 mm. Length - from 2 to 10 meters.
When the auger rotates, the soil along the thread rises outward. As the well is deepened, metal rods are inserted into the well. The rotation of the augers is produced by a mechanized drilling rig.
They are mechanized or manual devices for drilling wells. The working projectile is a drill with carbide crowns. Simultaneously with drilling, water is supplied to the mine. It is designed to wash out the soil during drilling.
Motor pumps are used to supply water. The source of water is a pre-dug pit. As the water exits the hole, it enters the pit. From the pit, water is fed back to the well through a hose.
When assembling drilling rigs, the following types of drills are used:
Designed for drilling wells in soft and plastic soils. Made from steel pipe. A slot is made along the entire length of the element. The gap size is 10-15 mm. A pipe with a slot looks like a spoon.
The left edge of the slot serves to loosen the soil. The right edge serves as a transverse ledge. It limits the amount of inflated earth in the projectile.
When the spoon drill rotates, the cutter cuts off part of the soil. The cut layer fills the drill cavity with earth.
Used in hard rock drilling. It is a metal pipe with blades. Each blade has the appearance of a dovetail. The principle of operation is similar to the action of a corkscrew.
It has the form of a steel pipe of continuous section. The tip is equipped with a cutting head with inclined edges. For drilling hard formations, the drill sharpening angle is 110–125°. For drilling in soft soils - 30–70 °.
To perform a drilling rig with your own hands, the following tools are required:
Advice. With a well depth of more than 30 meters, steel rods with a wall thickness of at least 5 mm should be used.
As materials you need:
Creating a mechanism includes:
Work order:
Dimensions and arrangement of a homemade drill
An adapter is used to connect the hose to the cross. A rubber gasket is inserted between the adapter and the cross.
For welding the frame, metal profiles of square or round section are used. All structural elements are welded together into a single pyramidal structure.
A block is hung on top of the frame. A steel or hemp rope is pulled through the block. A drilling tool is attached to the rope. A platform for mounting the electric motor is welded to the base of the frame.
The motor supports are screwed through the holes in the platform. The power of the power unit is 1.0-3.0 kW. To adjust the speed of rotation of the winch, a gearbox is used. The device is connected to the motor shaft through a flange.
Attention! Rubber washers are installed between the platform and the electric motor supports. They serve to dampen the oscillatory movements of the electric motor during operation.
The power source is a 220 V AC outlet or an autonomous power generator.
The supporting element of a home-made percussion-type drilling rig with an electric drive is a frame structure. A three-phase asynchronous electric motor with a gearbox is used as a power device. To wind the cable, a drum is attached to the gearbox.
For the manufacture of the screw, pipes with a diameter of 100 to 120 mm are used. The process consists of the following steps:
For the operation of the screw, intermediate links are used. They screw into each other as they go deeper into the soil.
To assemble the cartridge, you will need a steel pipe with a diameter of 100 to 120 mm and a length of 100-150 cm. The assembly process of the unit consists of the following operations:
The projectile is raised and lowered into the well. Work is carried out to the design depth. A bailer is used to lift water-saturated soils.
Homemade drilling rig is carried out according to construction drawings. Ready schemes are available in the public domain. The cost of a home-made unit is 20-40% lower than factory counterparts. With the observance of the technology of work and high-quality connection of parts, the mechanism will last for many years.
A drilling rig is something that can provide the land owner with drinking water. It is by drilling a well that in most cases the problem of water supply is solved. And the services of drillers have to spend a lot of money. However, each owner has the opportunity to save significantly, because he can independently make a drilling rig. It is not very easy to assemble such an installation with your own hands, but it is possible.
Before you figure out how to make a drilling rig, you need to briefly consider the features of the available options. The design of the drilling rig will vary depending on which drilling method is chosen. So, the equipment can be shock-rope. In this case, the destruction of the soil will occur with the help of a load thrown down. After some time of work, it is necessary to remove the loose earth and repeat the cycle until a well of a suitable depth is obtained.
It is easy and difficult to remove the earth with a rotating drill at the same time. It's easy because you need to apply less force. And it is difficult due to the fact that such equipment is large, complex configuration, requires significant financial investments, and not everyone can assemble such a drilling rig with their own hands.
You need to immediately understand that it will not work to make a number of parts for a drilling rig with your own hands. Unless you are a professional turner. Some parts will have to be purchased at a specialized store, something you can order from a professional turner. It will be possible to assemble everything into a functional drilling rig with your own hands.
Currently, there are several main types of drilling equipment that you can assemble with your own hands, namely:
Prepare the tools for assembling the drilling rig with your own hands. The minimum set includes:
Back to index
Such equipment is assembled from the following elements:
To facilitate drilling work, this installation must be connected to a gear motor. A cable with a bailer or cartridge is wound onto the gear drum. To achieve optimal efficiency, you need to use a cartridge weighing about 80 kg. The face will be cleared of destroyed soil with the help of a bailer. The bailer shows normal efficiency on clay soils.
The main component of such an installation is the "glass", it is also a cartridge. It is made from a pipe with a diameter of about 10-12 cm with thick walls. If possible, choose the heaviest material possible. At the bottom of the segment, as a rule, triangular "teeth" are made. It is believed that they contribute to a more rapid loosening of the earth. However, this part of the element can be left even, anyway, it must be sharpened. Several holes are made on top of the cartridge through which it will be attached to the rope. The cartridge can have a length of 1-2 m.
Before starting to work with such an installation, it is recommended to prepare a hole in the ground, into which the "glass" will be lowered in the future. This hole should be slightly larger than the cartridge in diameter.
Back to index
The main element of this design is the drill. It is made of a steel pipe with a section of 10 cm. A screw thread is made at the upper end of the pipe. At its opposite end, you need to make a screw screw. It should have a diameter of about 20 cm. As a rule, 1-2 turns of the screw are sufficient. 2 steel knives are welded to the ends of the auger. This is done so that when they are vertical, they are at an angle to the horizontal of the earth. For maximum convenience of work, it is necessary to weld a piece of pipe about 150 cm long to the tee. The tee must have an internal screw thread. A tee should be screwed onto a part of the collapsible rod. The segment of this rod will also have a length equal to 150 cm. 2.
The drill must be deepened into the ground, rotated 3 times, removed and removed loosened soil. The cycle is repeated until about 1 m is drilled. When this depth is reached, the rod will need to be extended. To do this, an additional piece of pipe is attached to the rod using a coupling. If it is necessary to drill a well to a depth of more than 8 m, the structure is fixed on a special tripod tower. A hole is prepared in its upper part, in which the bar can move freely. As the rod increases, its weight will also increase significantly, so a winch must be used to lift this design. The tower can be assembled from wood or metal.
Each land plot must have its own water source. Usually, this problem is solved by drilling a well. However, this is associated with high costs for the services of drillers. In search of ways to reduce costs, craftsmen are trying to carry out drilling work on their own, and many have succeeded in this. The first thing to do is to make a drilling rig. Do-it-yourself drilling rig is not an easy task, however, it is quite solvable.
The design of the installation is influenced by the method by which you will drill the well. During percussion drilling, the soil is destroyed by means of a load thrown into the well. After that, loose soil is extracted, after which the cycle is repeated until the well becomes deep enough.
Extraction of soil with a rotary drill is both a simpler and more complex task. More simple, since less physical effort is required, and more complex, since these are more complex devices, they are larger, and more expensive. Some elements contained in the drilling rig cannot be crafted on your own. Some elements will be sold to you at a specialized enterprise, others will be turned to you by an experienced turner.
But in the end, you will become the owner of a fully professional unit, for which it is even possible to use it on the side, which opens up opportunities for a successful drilling business.
Small-sized drilling rigs (MGBU) are divided into the following types:
Installations under UKB - shock-rope drilling. These units are a frame on a triangular base. As working elements, a cable is used to which a chisel or bailer is attached.
Shank type installations. In the process of operation of these installations, the extraction of soil is carried out by a shenk. It should be noted that during drilling, the well is not flushed with water.
Rotary type units based on hydraulic drilling.
Rotary-type units with manual feed are the simplest option in which the electric motor is replaced by manual labor. Since this drilling method is associated with high labor costs, it is not often used.
To make even the simplest drilling rig yourself, you will have to use a welding machine, a drill and a grinder, and besides that, be able to use these tools.
To create such a drilling rig, you will need to use the following devices:
To facilitate drilling operations, a gear motor is connected to the installation, over the drum of which a cable is wound to which a cartridge or bailer is attached. To ensure efficient operation, you will have to use a cartridge weighing approximately 80 kg. The bailer cleans the face from the remnants of the soil. It is also effective to use the bailer in areas with clay soils.
The main working element in such a drilling rig is a part called a cartridge or “glass”. To make it, you will have to use a thick-walled pipe, the diameter of which will be approximately 8-12 cm, the heavier the pipe, the better. In the lower part of the pipe, “teeth” are most often machined, designed to loosen the soil, although in this place the cartridge can be even. In addition, the lower edge in the "glass" is most often sharpened. Holes are drilled in the upper part to securely fasten the rope. The cartridge can be from 1 to 2 m in length.
Before starting work, it is better to drill a hole in the ground into which you will lower the "glass". This hole should have a slightly larger diameter than the cartridge.
Do-it-yourself auger drilling rig is built around the main working element - the drill. To make it, you should use a steel pipe 10 cm in diameter. At the upper end of the pipe, an external screw thread is arranged. The opposite end is supplied with a screw screw, the diameter of which is approximately 20 cm. It can be limited to one or two turns in the screw. A pair of steel knives is welded to the ends of the screw so that when the pipe is installed in a vertical position, there is an angle between them and the horizontal surface.
To ensure more convenient rotation of the drill, it is necessary to weld another piece of pipe (about 1.5 m) and a tee with an internal screw thread. The tee is screwed onto a collapsible rod. Such a bar should also be 1.5 m in length.
The drilling rig consists of: 1 – drill; 2 - knob; 3 - tee; 4 - collapsible rod; 5 - couplings; b - tripods; 7 - holes; 8 - winches; 9 - gear.
The drill is deepened into the soil, followed by a three-fold turn, after which it is removed to remove the loosened soil. These steps are repeated until the depth of the hole approaches one meter. After that, the bar must be lengthened. To do this, by means of a coupling, another part of the steel tube is mounted on it. To make a well, the depth of which exceeds 8 m, it is necessary to fix the structure on a special tripod tower.
The upper part of this unit must have an opening through which the rod will move freely. As the bar will become more and more heavy, it will require the use of a winch to lift it. The tower can be made both metal and wooden.
Such a drilling rig in working condition is shown in the video below:
For the manufacture of a drilling rig with sufficient reliability and allowing professional drilling, it is mandatory to purchase a number of components that are manufactured in factories equipped with high-precision equipment. You will need to purchase the following items:
The frame for mounting these elements can be made on your own from a material such as durable steel.
The use of a swivel is necessary to transfer the driving torque between the geared motor and the drill and to supply the flushing solution. The body of the swivel contains a movable part, on which the drilling rods are fastened. The flushing fluid is supplied through a special sealed pipe.
Although this element is not complex from a structural point of view, its quality affects the life of the installation. Due to high loads, in order to make a swivel, it is necessary to use high-strength steel, maintaining minimal clearances of moving structural elements. The service life of a low-quality swivel will end after you make several wells.
The drill rod is selected with the expectation of what type of drilling you will use (impact, rotary, flush, etc.). The cross section of the rod can be round or hexagonal. With the help of it, the driving moment is transferred directly to the drill. When working, the rod sinks lower and lower, and it needs to be built up. To make the connection, they use special locks, on which a special conical or trapezoidal (rectangular) thread is cut, which provides the most reliable hitch. Through the inner section of the rod, water is supplied to the well cavity, with the help of which the soil softens, and the drilling process becomes faster and more successful.
The drill is a working element designed to crush the soil. To drill professionally, you should use special three-bladed drills, the rotation of which is carried out cyclically. The drill can be from 8 to 35 cm in diameter. For the manufacture of this element, high-quality steel is used, equipped with high-strength plates, for example, VK-8. In areas with hard soils, it is recommended to drill in several passes. They start with the so-called exploratory drilling (8 cm drill), after that, the well is drilled with the help of drills having a larger diameter until the hole width approaches the required dimensions.
On this we will end. After reading this material, you have an idea of how a drilling rig is made with your own hands, it remains only to put theoretical knowledge into practice.
Creating a source of uninterrupted supply of clean drinking water is an important task for those who live in a private house. For this, it is necessary through which the precious liquid will flow. To this end, many invite a team of professional drillers. But you can create the necessary drilling rig with your own hands. Next, we will talk about creating a hydraulic drill at home.
Drilling rigs differ in their design due to the choice of different methods of creating a well. For example, an impact drill breaks the soil with a special weight tied to a pyramidal support frame. But a rotating drill is a much more complex structure, but it is much easier to make a deepening of the required size in the soil with its help. By type of construction can be divided into several categories:
Drilling rig
Attention! Keep in mind that drilling rigs of this type are a design too complex to be created by one's own hands: most of its functional elements are almost impossible to create without the appropriate skills and tools.
Undoubtedly, a drilling rig for creating a water well has a number of some advantages. These include:
In general, the technology for assembling various drilling rigs is almost the same (and this will be discussed a little later), but the working tool for structures of different types is fundamentally different. Therefore, to begin with, one should consider the manufacturing technology of the main mechanism (drill) for different designs, and only after that proceed directly to the creation of the main frame and the working elements attached to it.
So, we will consider in detail the most commonly used drilling rigs (installation with a “glass” and auger rig).
Homemade drills
Drilling rig with "cartridge" uses the so-called "cartridge" ("glass") as the main working mechanism. If you want to make it yourself, then you only need a piece of pipe with a diameter of about 1 m. When creating a suitable base frame for such a drilling rig, the dimensions of the “cartridge” are taken into account without fail. The “cartridge” itself must have not only impressive dimensions, but also considerable weight for efficient drilling of the soil.
Advice. On the bottom of the pipe, you can make points in the form of triangles. Thanks to this trick, you will increase the speed of digging a hole in the soil and the quality of loosening.
If you do not want to give the edges of the "chuck" a triangular shape, make sure that they are sharp (sharpen them if necessary).
We will fasten the "glass" with a cable, so it is necessary to make several holes on the load (in the upper part). We fasten the cable and then we hook it to the pre-prepared frame. Please note that the length of the cable must be such that the "cartridge" can fall down and rise up completely freely.
impact glass
Screw installation uses a drill as a working working mechanism. For its manufacture, an ordinary metal pipe is also quite suitable. Make a screw thread on the top of the pipe, and an auger-type drill on the bottom (the most convenient drill length is about 2 m).
Advice. 2-3 turns on the drill will be enough to create a water well of medium depth.
A pair of knives must be attached to the ends of the drill using a welding machine: they must be located in such a way that during the drilling process they sink into the soil at a certain angle.
To make the design convenient to use, weld a part of a metal pipe (about 1.5-2 m long) to the tee. The tee itself must be equipped with a screw thread inside.
Separately, it should be said about the swivel, which is used in drilling rigs as a compensator against the movable part of the installation (drill) and the fixed part that supplies water. The device of this part is quite simple: a pair of flanges, partitions with sealing rubber rings, the body itself (made from a piece of metal pipe) and a metal bar.
It should be noted that you can make this part yourself only if you have turning experience and the ability to make technical drawings.
So, the working mechanism of the drilling rig is prepared, now you can proceed directly to the assembly of the entire structure. Please note that you will need some tools for work: an electric drill, a grinder, a welding machine, as well as a galvanized pipe, a squeegee and a plumbing cross. Consider the process of assembling the structure step by step:
Drill Rig Parts
Advice. When choosing a suitable electric motor, pay special attention to the power rating of the device: 0.5 horsepower will be enough for comfortable and efficient operation.
This concludes our consideration of the technology for creating a drilling rig for water supply at home. Good luck!
