Once kiwi was rare in our latitudes. Now this delicious and useful fruit can be easily bought in any grocery store or on the market. But how pleasant to grow the tree at home and get a harvest from him! So you can "kill two hares at once": Decorate the room with a wonderful plant and provide your seven exotic fruits.
It is not difficult to grow kiwi at home. But this task will require attention from you, accuracy and the ability to wait.
Kiwi can be grown in several ways:
Each of these methods has its own characteristics that we describe in detail. But there are several general rules relating to Kiwi growing.
Kiwi - Liana, relative grapes, which means that it is the same. This plant loves a lot of heat and sunlight. Therefore, he will need a place where a lot of sun and there are no drafts. However, do not forget that the straight sunlight can cause burns on the leaves of the plant. Better if it will get a light side. It is quite wonderful if you can provide for kiwi artificial vertical lighting. During the growth, turn the pot with a plant clockwise by 10-15 degrees every two weeks. Thus, Liana will retain a direct silhouette and develop uniformly thick crown.
Kiwi sprouts ready for dive
There are many varieties of Kiwi, and almost all of them are suitable for self-cultivation at home. To kiwi begin to be fruit, you need to plant a female and male plant - it is necessary for pollination. If you breed Kiwi from seeds, you have to wait for flowering to determine the floor of the liana. Usually kiwi begins to bloom for 6 years of life, sometimes - before.
Please note: Kiwi refers to downtown plants. This means that for fruiting you need at least 2-3 women's plants per male. When growing from seeds, 80% of plants are obtained by male, so it is better to grow more seedlings.
The cultivation of kiwi from seeds is a fairly painstaking lesson, it will require much attention from you. We will tell about it in detail.
To raise Lian from seeds, you will need:
As a soil for germinating seeds, a mixture of chernozem, peat and sand can be used. When you transplant seedlings in the pots, this mixture will also fit perfectly, but you need to use a smaller number of peat.
Kiwi shoots grown from seeds
Follow step by step instructionsTo get a quality result.
To create conditions close to natural for your plant, you need to adhere to some requirements. Then Kiwi will grow healthy, beautiful, and will be able to bring a good crop.
Kiwi is a moisture-loving plant, it needs regular watering. The soil must constantly be moistened. But it is impossible to overdo: in the pool of stagnant water, the root system of the plant will die. Use the spray gun for watering, it will be easier to measure the required amount of water in order to evenly moisten the soil and leaves.
Kiwi needs not only in a lot of sunlight during the day, but also warm. For him, the windowsill on the south side or a well warmed balcony. If you do not have the ability to provide such conditions, make an artificial backlight using fluorescent lamps.
To vine plants grew strong and healthy, periodically feed it. To do this, you can use compost or biohumus once a year. Dock a small trench around the grown seedling and laid fertilizer in it, sprinkled from above the soil. After a few irregularities, the nutrients reach the lowest roots. Do not forget to regularly check the plants for the appearance of fungi and pests.
Provide your plant a good backup for proper growth.
Adult kiwi is a fairly powerful liana, which is well growing. Do not forget about it by choosing a place for a pot with a plant. Over time, you will have to move Kiwi from the window sill where there is more free space. Be sure to make a good, solid backup.
Kiwi got used to the cool wintering, and the leaves can be reset for the winter. Wintering plant should be in a bright place at a temperature of +10 degrees, while it is necessary to water it less often than usual. Spring plant will give new leaves. During this period, you need to trim, removing patients, weak shoots. Experts recommend transplanting Kiwi every spring. Provide regular watering, feeding, an abundance of light and warm.
Kiwi seedlings are grown from seeds in the same way as described above. The only difference is that the seeds need to be soiled in January. Already two years later, you can instinct and grown seedling that you wish you.
Methods of vaccinations are the same as other garden crops:
After that you can even plan your kiwi in open sad. If you plan to contain a plant in room conditions, Provide it greater deep tank so that the root system has enough space for growth and development.
You can grow seedlings from rooted cuttings. Such a way vegetative reproduction Great for green and unreserved Cywi cuttings. The shortcomings can be attributed to the low percentage of the exit of rooted cuttings: at home they are very few or not happens at all.
Kiwi seedlings include cuttings of any variety
Kiwi cultivation in this way does not require special hassle and no different from the care of a plant grown from seeds. A seedling or cutter, which was included in the period of active growth, is not afraid of snow and frost, it is easy to adapt, so it can be planted into open ground. The first years is enough to cover Liana for winter, for example, coniferous branches, if strong frosts are often in your region.
The original Kiwi fruits are very highly valued for the magnificent taste, refined aroma, increased content of vitamins, excellent transportability and long-term storage ability for several months. This is useful I. unpretentious plant Perfectly feels in the gardens of the southern regions of Russia and Ukraine. You can grow it in indoor conditions or in a greenhouse.
Kiwi is the commercial name of the Fruits of Aktinidia Chinese from the Aktinidiyev family. In a wild form, this large rustic liana with leaves falling on the winter grows in subtropical forests of southern China. In nature, the Chinese Aktinidia Liana reaches 10 meters in length, climbing high in the crowns of trees.
Large wide Kiwi leaves look very unusual and attractive. This liana gives a lot of shadows, it is good for landscaping yard canopies, pergola and arbors in the southern zone.
Kiwi - leaf falling liana with large leaves
The fruit of Kiwi is a juicy berry, covered with a slightly sculpted brownish skin, under which the delicious and fragrant flesh is hidden. Skin is coarse and in food is not used, only the pulp of fruit is edible. Seeds in Kiwi are very small and numerous, they are not felt in food, so it is no need to remove them when cleaning this fruit there is no need. The fruits of oval shape, the size of a little larger chicken egg, weighing up to 100-150 grams.
Fruits kiwi size a little larger than chicken egg
The flesh of the fruit of Kiwi is a beautiful bright green color, most varieties have it so and remains green even with full maturation, although lately began to appear with a yellow pulp. Distinguish mature fruit from immature very easy:
For long-term multi-month storage and transportation over long distances, kiwi fruits are gathered slightly dissatisfied while they are still hard. Fully matched soft fruits are stored only a few days even in the refrigerator.
In order for the purchased solid fruits of Kiwi faster than ripe, they should be folded into a plastic bag with several ripe apples, the package to tie and leave for 3-5 days in the shade at room temperature.
Kiwi - Important Commercial Fruit Culture in Subtropical Countries
Aktinidia Chinese since ancient times is grown in China's gardens and neighboring countries of Southeast Asia, where many local varieties have been created. But global commercial importance and international popularity of this fruit culture received only in the last century, when old Chinese varieties were brought to New Zealand. Eastern Dicky Liana perfectly arrived at the New Zealand land, and the local breeders managed to create varieties with particularly large fruits, to promote the world market and was invented by the commercial name "Kiwi" (in honor of the unique low-butter bird, which is a generally accepted symbol of New Zealand).
Modern large-scale Aktinidia Chinese varieties are often distinguished into a separate look - actinide delicate to distinguish from their wild ancestors.
Currently, Kiwi is the most important commercial fruit culture in New Zealand, in the subtropical zone of the United States and the countries of South America, in China, Japan, in many countries of Southern Europe.
A lot of kiwi fruit is now grown in Italy. I happened to communicate with several Italian farmers, owners of such plantations. In their opinion, the Kiwi culture is less troublesome and more beneficial compared to the grapes traditional for those places: pests and kiwi is practically no, therefore, labor-intensive machines are not needed in general, the harvest is guaranteed to be environmentally friendly and is being stored much longer. Under the landing of Kiwi just like under vineyards, you can use uncomfortable areas in the foothills and on the slopes of the hills, and the design of the support is not particularly different from grapete.
Kiwi plantation in many countries successfully displaces vineyards
Kiwi is growing great in the southern part of Russia: on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, in the Crimea, in the south of Dagestan. In the southern coast of the Crimea, in Sochi and in Krasnodar Kiwi successfully winter without shelter, in more northern areas of Liana for the winter it is necessary to remove from the supports, lay on the ground and stream.
You can grow kiwi and in the Black Sea regions of Ukraine. Successfully fruiting amateur landings of this Liana also exist in Transcarpathia. In Kiev, Aktinidia is Chinese in some particularly successful years sometimes fruits, but in frosty winters it is significantly freezing. In Belarus and the middle lane of Russia, kiwi cultivation is possible only in greenhouse conditions.
In recent years, many garden nurseries use the name "mini-kiwi" to increase customer demand for seedlings of other types of actinidia:
Compared to the Chinese Aktindia, these species are much more winter-hardy, especially the actinidia of the kolomykt, growing and fruitless without any shelters even in the Moscow region, in Siberia and in the Urals. In size, their fruits are much smaller than Kiwi, but they are not inferior to them to taste and on the content of beneficial substances.
Mini Kiwi - Commercial Name of Small-Fashioned Aktinidiy Aktinidiy Argut - The largest mini-kiwi actinidium purple has unusual brightly colored fruits 
Aktinidia Kolomikt - the most winter-hardy from mini kiwi
In my garden on the medium Volga, the Liana Aktinidia Kolomykt is fruitful for many years, annually at the end of August gives a crop of small berries in size with grape, with taste and aroma as real shopping kiwi.
Kiwi, like all other acts of actinidia, is a two-walled plant. Male and women's flowers are located on different copies. It is possible to reliably determine the floor of the plants becomes possible only during flowering. Lianas of seed origin are blooming usually 5-7 years after sowing seeds grown from cuttings and glasses a little earlier, for 3-4 years.
Women's Flowers Kiwi are located in small groups.
Women's kiwi flowers are located in small groups. They are white or slightly creamy color. In the center of each female flower, a large pestle with a snap-like star is well visible. The surrounding stamens are underdeveloped, so self-pollination is impossible.
In the center of the female flower Kiwi, a pestle is clearly visible, and the stamens are underdeveloped
If there are too many female flowers at the same time on the plant and successfully, too many female flowers, then the fruit growing will be small. To obtain particularly large fruits, they will be thinned shortly after the formation of the barriers, removing unnecessary.
Men's Kiwi Fruits Flowers do not form, but necessary for pollination
Whitish male kiwi flowers are collected in a brush for several pieces on one spacing. Kiwi is pollinated by bees and other insects, so the flowers are very honey. Inside the male flower, numerous stamens with pollen are well noticeable, and the pestle will underdese and does not have "stars".
Men's Flowers Kiwi Numerous stamens with pollen, and the pestle will underdese
In Sochi Kiwi blooms in the second half of May, the fruits ripen from mid-October to the beginning of December. With favorable weather conditions Fruption is annual, but in cold winters floral kidneys may die, and flowers and buds are often damaged by returned spring frosts.
When landing kiwi for every 10 plants of female fruiting varieties (Hayward, Kivaldy, Monti, Bruno, Abbot, Ellison, ...) For pollination, it is necessary to plant at least 2 plants of male pollinators (Matua, Traury, ...). Distance between seedlings when landing at least 2-3 meters.
For cultivation, kiwi is needed support. Trelliers are usually installed before planting seedlings. The height of the sleeper is 2-2.5 meters, to tie the shoots between the pillars horizontally stretch the durable wire in 1-3 rows. Forming trimming is carried out in late autumn after harvesting, cutting out thickening, weak and too old shoots.
For cultivation, Kiwi is arranged trenches from pillars and stretched between them
Aktinidia Chinese needs high humidity of air and soil, so plantations are regularly watered. In small household gardens, you can plant plants in an easy fellowship to protect against the scorching southern sun. It is convenient to plant kiwi near the gazebo or an open veranda, it will turn out a beautiful shady canopy from green leaves.
Without shelter, adult kiwi plants are withstanding short-term frosts to -15 ..- 17 ° C, young copies are very damaged at -10 ° C.
In the regions with possible winter frosts, for the best overreight of Lian Kiwi, you can additionally cover the winter:
To protect against frosts, Kiwi can be covered by winter
In the case of strong prolonged thaws, the shelter must be ventilated. In the spring, the shelter is removed and the lianas are tied up to the grinding.
If you wish, you can try to grow kiwi as indoor plantAlthough there is no particular point in this:
For sowing, you can use seeds from Kiwi fruit purchased in the fruit store:
Care for indoor Kiwi lies in regular irrigation watering water, not allowing the dryness of the Earth in the pot (in summer watering more often, in winter less often), the weekly spraying of the leaves slightly warm water from the sprayer and annual spring transplant. A frame of a thick insulated wire is fixed to gate the curly shoots in a pot.
