Planner or Motolarker? The inspextric planning flight has long attracted a person. It would seem that something easier - I attached the wings on the back, jumped down from the mountain and ... flew. Alas, numerous attempts to rise into the air, described in the historical chronicles, led to success only in late XIX. century. The German engineer Otto Liliental, who created the Balancar Planner, became the first planarist, which created the Balancart Planner is a very dangerous aircraft. In the end, the Liliental planper ruined his creator and brought a lot of trouble to the enthusiasts of the planning flight.
A serious disadvantage of the balancing plane was a management method, in which the pilot had to move the center of gravity of his body. At the same time, the apparatus from obedient could turn into a completely unstable, which led to accidents.
A substantial change in the planning aircraft brought by Wilber and Orville Wright, created a system of aerodynamic management consisting of the height steering wheels, the steering of the direction and the device for skewing (crossing) of the wing ends, which soon replaced more efficient ailers.
The rapid development of planyrism began in the 1920s, when thousands of lovers came to aviation. It was then by the amateur designers of many countries a hundred species of irregular aircraft were developed.
In 1930 - 1950s, the design of the plates were constantly improved. It was characteristic of the use of free-use - without braces and subposses - the wings of a large elongation, the fuselage of the streamlined form, as well as the chassis retracting inside the fuselage. However, during the manufacture of planters, wood and canvas were still used.
(Square of the wing-12.24 m2; weight of empty -120 kg; takele weight - 200 kg; Flying centering - 25%; maximum speed - 170 km / h; dumping speed - 40 km / h; reduction rate -0.8 m / s; Maximum aerodynamic quality-20):
1- folding (sideways to the right) part of the lantern; 2- air pressure receiver of speed indicator; 3 - starting hook; 4 - landing ski; 5 - Troop (pipe from 30xgs 45x1.5); 6 - brake shield; 7 - a box spar of the wing (shelves - pine, walls - birch plywood); 8 - wing profile DFS-P9-14, 13.8%; 9 - box plywood beam; 10 - speed indicator; 11 - altimeter; 12 - Slip Pointer; 13 - variometer; 14 - rubber ski shock absorber; 15 - PNL parachute; 16 - Wheel D300x125
Namb-M - Single Planner:wing Square - 10.5 m2; Empty mass - 70 kg; Harf weight - 145 kg.
ANB-I - Spark Double Planner
A - fiberglass "Pelican": Wing -10.67 m2 area; Empty weight - 85 kg; Harf weight - 185 kg; The dumping rate is 50 km / h.
B-Planer "Foma" V. Markova (Irkutsk): Empty weight - 85 kg
A -Kai-502: wing-11 m's scope; Square of the wing-13.2 m2; Wing profile -Resha - 15%; Empty mass -110 kg; torn mass-260 kg; The dumping rate is 52 km / h; optimal planning speed - 70 km / h; Maximum aerodynamic quality - 14; Minimum reduction rate -1.3 m / s.
B - Planner "Youth": wing span - 10 m; Wing Square - 13m2; Wing profile - RIA - 14%; Empty mass - 95 kg; Harf weight - 245 kg; Dumping speed - 50 km / h; optimal planning speed - 70 km / h; Maximum aerodynamic quality - 13; Minimum reduction rate -1.3 m / s.
B - Single planper UT-3: wing span - 9.5 m; Wing Square - 11.9 m2; Wing profile-15%; Mass of empty-102 kg; Tear weight - 177 kg; Dumping speed - 50 km / h; Optimal planning speed - 65 km / h; Maximum aerodynamic quality - 12; Minimum reduction rate - 1m / s
The real coup in the planyrism occurred in the late 1960s, when composite materials appeared, consisting of fiberglass and binder (epoxy or polyester resin). And the success of plastic plates was provided not so much with new materials as the new technologies for the manufacture of elements of aircraft.
Interestingly, the plates from composite materials were heavier than wooden and metal. However, high accuracy of reproduction of theoretical contours of aerodynamic surfaces and beautiful exterior finishprovided new technologyallowed to significantly increase the aerodynamic quality of the planners. By the way, when moving from metal to composites, aerodynamic quality increased by 20 - 30 percent. The mass of the design of the planter increased, which led to an increase in flight speed, but high aerodynamic quality allowed to significantly reduce the vertical reduction rate. That is what allowed planyrists- "composers" to win competitions for those who performed on wooden or metal plates. As a result, modern plany athletes fly exclusively on composite plates and aircraft.
The manufacture of composite designs is now widely used when creating lungs, including amateur aircraft and motleylands, so it makes sense to tell about it in more detail.
The main elements of the modern planar wing are the box of a box or 2-way cross section, which perceives the bending and the reverse force, as well as the upper and lower bearing case panels, which perceive the load from the wing torsion.
The construction of the wing begins with the manufacture of matrices for molding the casing panels. First, a wooden chill is made, which exactly reproduces the outdoor contours of the panel. In this case, the immaculateness of theoretical contours and the purity of the surface of the blanks will determine the accuracy and smoothness of the surfaces of future panels.
After applying the separation layer on the discharge layer, coarse glass cloths impregnated with epoxy binder are laid out. At the same time, the power frame cooked from thin-walled steel pipes or profiles is pasted corner cross section. After curing the resin, the resulting crust matrix is \u200b\u200bremoved from the blanks and is installed on a suitable stand.
The matrices for the upper and lower panels, the stabilizer, the left and right side of the fuselage are made similarly, which are usually performed with a keel. The panels have a three-layer design of the type "sandwich" - their inner and outer surface are made of fiberglass, the inner aggregate - foam. Its thickness depending on the size of the panel is from 3 to 10 mm. The inner and outer covering is laid out of several layers of fiberglass with a thickness of 0.05 to 0.25 mm. The total thickness of the fiberglass "crust" is determined when calculating the structure for strength.
In the manufacture of the wing in the matrix, first form all the layers of fiberglass, which constitute the external trim. Pre-fiberglass is impregnated with epoxy-binding - the whole amateurs use the resin K-153. Then the foam smelter, sliced \u200b\u200bwith strips from 40 to 60 mm, is quickly laid out onto the fiberglass, after which the foam is covered with the inner layer with a fiberglass impregnated. So that there are no folds, the fiberglass trims are manually aligned and smoothed.
Next, the resulting "semi-finished product" is needed to cover with airtight film with embedded with a fitting and glue it with sealant (or even just plasticine) to the edges of the matrix. Further, through the fitting from under the film, the air is pumped up with a vacuum pump - while the entire set of the panel is tightly squeezed and pressed to the matrix. In this form, the set is maintained to the final polymerization of the binder.
Planier "Cockada" (area of \u200b\u200bthe wing - 8.2 m2; wing profile - PSHA- 15%, empty weight - 80 kg; Harvest weight - 155 kg):
1 - rear spar of the wing (consists of a wall with a foam aggregate, saved on two sides of fiberglass, and fiberglass shelves); 2 - aggregate of PS-4 foam; 3 - fiberglass shelf spar (2 pcs.); 4 - Fiberglass node of Aileron; 5 - fiberglass tubular spar of the airone (wall thickness of 0.5 mm); 6 - three-layer panels forming the lining of the aleroons (aggregate - PS-4 foam-4 thickness, thickness of fiberglass crust outside 0.4 mm, from the inside - 0.3 mm); 7 - fuselage beam; 8 - regiment of the fuselage beam (fiberglass with a thickness of 3 mm); 9 - fiberglass of fiberglass with a thickness of 1 mm; 10 - a block of PS-4 foam; 11 is a fiberglass wing sock with a thickness of 0.5 to 1.5 mm, forming a circuit working on the circling; 12 - typical wing rib; 13 - fiberglass shelf ribs 1 mm thick; 14 - fiberglass wall of ribs with a thickness of 0.3 mm; 15 - the front side member of the wing (according to the design similar to the rear)
A - Training Planner A-10B "Berkut":
wing area -10 m2; Empty weight - 107.5 kg; Harf weight - 190 kg; Maximum speed of 190 km / h; dumping speed - 45 km / h; Maximum aerodynamic quality - 22; Range of operational overloads - from +5 to -2.5; Calculated overload - 10.
B - A-10A Motor Blancher with Engine "Vortex-30-Aero" air cooling with a capacity of 21 hp In flight, the power plant can be removed into the compartment located in the middle part of the fuselage.
The length of the motor-boiler is 5.6 m; wing span - 9.3 m; Wing Square - 9.2 m2; Harf weight - 220 kg; Maximum speed - 180 km / h; Dumping speed - 55 km / h; Maximum aerodynamic quality - 19; The diameter of the air screw - 0.98 m; Screw Step - 0.4 m, Screw Rotation Frequency - 5000 rpm
engine - "Kolibri-350" homemade, two-cylinder, opposite, 15 hp; Motolarm length - 5.25 m; wing -9 m span, wing area - 12.6 m2; Wing profile - R-P - 14%; The profile of the hanging aleron - Rf - 16%; Empty weight - 135 kg; Harf weight - 221 kg; Maximum speed -100 km / h; Cruising speed - 65 km / h; Dumping speed - 40 km / h; Maximum aerodynamic quality -10
Similar technology is used in the manufacture of rods of spars, with the only difference, which is laid out of unidirectional glass or coal fiber. The final assembly of the wing, plumage and fuselage is usually produced in matrices.
If necessary, the finished molded three-layer panel is inserted and spars, sparkmosts and ribs are pasted, after which everything is covered and stuck up the top panel.
Since there are large gaps between the details of the internal dial and the casing panels, it is recommended to use epoxy adhesive with filler when gluing - for example, glass microspheres. The contour of the gluing panels outside (if possible, from the inside) is combined with a glass tape.
The technology of shocks and assembly is described here only in general terms, but, as experience shows, aircraft designers lovers quickly comprehend its subtleties, especially if there is an opportunity to see how those who have already mastered this technique.
Unfortunately, the high cost of modern composite plates led to the fall of the mass of planar sports. Concerned about this, the International Federation of Aviation Sport (FAI) introduced a number of simplified classes of the planners - a standard, club and them like, whose scope of which should not exceed 15 meters. True, there are difficulties with the launch of such plates - this requires tugboards or sufficiently complex and expensive motorbers. As a result, on the tears of amateur aircraft designers, everything is brought to less plates. To all, a significant part of the plates represent the variations of bro-11 design B.I. Oshkinis.
Of course, the construction of its first aircraft is best done in the image and likeness of a reliable, well-flying prototype. It is such "copying" with a minimum number of trials and errors gives that invaluable experience, which cannot be purchased from textbooks, instructions and descriptions.
Nevertheless, on the hears, there are also original, more modern aircraft, such as the planper of the Namb-M, created by P. Almurzine from the city of Samara.
Peter dreamed of "wings" since childhood. But bad eyesight prevented himself in a flying school and engage in aviation sports. But there is no Hud without good - Peter entered the Aviation Institute, finished it and received a direction to the aviation plant. It was there that he managed to organize the youth Aviation CB, subsequently transformed into the club "Flight". And the most reliable assistants of the aptmurzine became students aviation Institute, as passionately, like Peter, dreamed of flights.
The first independently developed club design was the planter made with account technological features Modern aviation production is durable, simple and reliable, on which it would be possible to learn to fly all members of the club.
The foreground was called the name of the NAM - on the initial letters of the names of his designers: Aptmurzin, Nikitin, rich. The wing and the plumage of the apparatus had non-traditional for the planners of such a metal structure using thin-walled duralumin pipes of large diameter. Only the fuselage on the original version of the plane was made of composite materials. However, in the next embodiment, the cab was designed metal, which allowed 25 to 30 kg to reduce its mass.
The creators of the plane turned out to be not only competent designers, but also good technologists familiar with modern aviation production. Thus, in the manufacture of fine leaf parts of duralumin, they used a simple, well-spent technological operation - rubber stamping in aviation production. The equipment necessary for this was made by young engineers independently.
The assembly of the planners was made in basementwhere the club was located. The flight characteristics of new devices were close to the calculated one. Soon all the club members learned to fly on homemade planners, making dozens of independent flights from the motorcycle. And on the tears of the Slap, the plates invariably received the highest assessment of specialists who recognized the Namba-M to the best planner of initial training among serial and amateur structures. And the club "Flight" presented a new, more appropriate room for work and it was reorganized into the "Design Bureau of Sports Aviation" with an aviation factory with a state of five people.
In the meantime, the work on the modernization of the Scorer of the NC continued - its design has improved, static testing tests were carried out, prepared for the serial production of the device.
All are good flights on the plates with the launch of them with the help of a motorcycle, but these flights have one very significant drawback - short-term. Therefore, in the development of each team of amateur aviators, it is quite natural to transition from the plane to the aircraft.
Using the well-developed design of the Scorer of the NSB and the technology of its production, young aircraft designers Almurzin, Nikitin, Safronov and Tsarkov designed and built a single training aircraft "Crystal" ( detailed description The designs of this car - in the previous "lessons" of our school - in "M-K" number 7 for 2013).
It should be noted that the original training plates have always been attracted both single lovers and design teams. So, one of the most beautiful educational plates from those that have ever been shown on the tears of the Slay, was recognized as Kakada, created by amateur aeronautics from the city of Otradnaya Leningrad region.
This planper is made of three types of materials - foam plastic, fiberglass and epoxy binder, and the design of the wing and plumage is a kind of small design masterpiece.
Wing ribs are made of foam and pasted fine fiberglass. Wing sock, perceiving torque, - fiberglass fiberglass soldered on foam-filler. The fuselage beam is cut out of the foam and the fiberglass is saved, and the bending moment is perceived by fiberglass shelves, glued on the upper and lower beam surfaces. The quality of work is excellent, the exterior finish is to envy to many homemade workers. The only "but" - to fly the planper refused - as it turned out, in the desire to reduce the mass of the construction, the creators of the planor are unnecessarily reduced the wing.
The enthusiasts, which have been trained on the original training plates, one can recommend a more complex apparatus, for example, the Berkut Planner A-10B, created by the students of the Samara Aviation Institute under the leadership of V. Miroshnik. Interestingly, according to its parameters, the planner does not correspond to any sport class and in its size it is less than standard. At the same time, the A-10B is very clean aerodynamic forms, a simple submerged wing is covered with a cloth, and the apparatus itself is made of the most common plastics. A sufficiently large aerodynamic quality of the plane makes it possible to make even prolonged soaring flights on it. BUT simple technique Piloting allows the newcomer to cope with a similar device. It seems that it is precisely such inexpensive and "volatile" planners, there is not enough domestic planyrism.
A kind of development of ideas laid in the A-10B was the "Dream" planner, created in the Moscow Amateur Club under the leadership of V. Fedorova. In design, manufacturing technology and appearance "Dream" is a streypical modern sports planner, and at a specific load on the wing and some other parameters - a typical planor of the initial training. The "dream" flies quite well, on the tears of the challenge, this planter was sent in the flight on the tug by the aircraft "Vilga".
It should be noted that the flights of the planners with the launch of them from the shock absorber, the winch or from a small mountain are extremely limited in time and do not bring the pilot of proper satisfaction. Another thing is a motley balance! The device with a motor can be significantly wider. And the motolands even with low-power engines sometimes exceed on flight data some light aircraft of amateur buildings.
The case, apparently, is that aircraft, as a rule, the wing span is significantly less than that of the motley agener, and with a decrease in the sweep of losses in the lifting force are obtained by large, rather than winnings. As a result, some aircraft are not able to break away from the Earth. While training motors with more rude aerodynamic forms and low-power engines fly perfectly. The only difference in these aircraft from airplanes is a larger wing span. It is though that, that is why training motors are extremely popular with lovers.
engine power - 36 l, p.; Wing area - 11m2; Empty weight - 170 kg; Harf weight - 260 kg; Funny centering - 28%; Maximum speed - 150 km / h; Dumping speed - 48 km / h; Speedness - 2.4 m / s; Maximum Aerodynamic Quality - 15
motor -5 m's length; wing -8 m's scope; Wing Square - 10.6 m2; Empty weight - 139 kg; Harf weight - 215 kg; Maximum speed -130 km / h; Landing speed - 40 km / h; The speed of rotation of the air screw - 5000 rpm.);
1 - variometer; 2 - sliding pointer; 3 - speed indicator; 4 - altimeter; 5 - pedals; 6 - air pressure receiver; 7 - tubular motor; 8 - engine; 9 - Cable braces; 10 - Rule roots control cables; 11 - thrust control of the height wheel; 12 - all-turn horizontal plumage; 13 - tubular plugs of plumage; 14 - sections of the wing and plumage, covered with lavasan film; 15 - tail springs; 16 - Fiberglass Gondola Pilot; 17 - thrust of the control of the aileron; 18 - Spring of the main chassis; 19 - engine control; 20 - fiberglass springs of the nasal chassis rack; 21 - spar wing; 22 - Aileron sample nodes; 23 - Aileron ( upper cover - fiberglass, lower - lavsan filling); 24 - silencer; 25 - fuel tank; 26 - Tubular Wing Pipp
wing Square - 16.3 m2; Wing profile - Modified GAW-1 - 15%; Harf weight - 390 kg; Empty mass - 200 kg; Maximum speed -130 km / h; Speedness - 2, 3 m / s; settlement overload - from + 10.2 to -5.1; Maximum aerodynamic quality -25; Aerial screw - 70 kgf at 5000 rpm
wing Square - 18.9 m2; Harf weight - 817 kg; dumping speed - 70 km / h; Maximum speed of horizontal flight - 150 km / h
wing-12,725 m's scope; Front wing span - 4.68 m; Motor -5.86 m's length; Front wing area - 1.73 m2; The area of \u200b\u200bthe main wing is 7.79 m2; Empty weight - 172 kg; Harf weight - 281 kg; Maximum aerodynamic quality - 32; Maximum speed - 213 km / h; Dumping speed - 60 km / h; Flight range - 241 km; Range of operational overloads from +7 to -3
Students of the Kharkiv Aviation Institute have reached great success in creating the simplest such devices, built under the leadership of A. Barannikov Motor Branch "Korshun-M", and later under the leadership of N. Lavyrov, a more perfect "enthusiast" was created, which had good aerodynamic forms, a closed pilot cabin and a carefully engaged engine.
It should be noted that both of these mothers are the further development of the BRO-11 BRO-11 training plan in their time. Kharkiv students have devices simple design No complaints about originality, but they are very durable, reliable and accessible in control for beginner pilots.
On one of the tears of the Slach. Kisonas from Kaunas demonstrated one of the best motors - "Garnis", made entirely of fiberglass. Cleaning wings and plumage - transparent lavsan film. Force aggregate – boat motor "Vortex-M" with a capacity of 25 hp, converted to air cooling. Motor is easily dismantled from the device.
Motor-boiler is completed with several options for easy-to-carry chassis -tricular aircraft type, planar single and float.
Motorets and planners by the type "Korean" and "Garnis" are built in our country with many lovers in dozens of copies. I would like to draw the attention of readers only by one feature of such devices built in the image and similarity of BRO-11. As is known, the prototype (as well as its numerous copies) is equipped with hanging aleons, kinematically connected with the height wheel. If the pilot arrives at the landing, the control handle takes itself, while the ailerons synchronously deviates down, which causes an increase in the lifting force and reduce the speed. But, if the pilot accidentally went through the handle on himself, and then, correcting the situation, gave a handle from himself, - the last movement of the handle causes not only the deviation of the height of the height, but also the return of the aileron to its original position, which is equivalent to cleaning the flaps. At the same time, the lifting force sharply decreases - and the planper "fails", which is very dangerous when flying at a low height, before planting.
Experiments conducted by planyrists flying on BRO-11 showed that without hanging the aleroons, the running and planting characteristics of the plane would practically do not deteriorate, but to piloting such a planter is much easier, which significantly reduces the accident. At the same time, there may be a convex-concave profile "Gettingten F-17" to the wing of the motor-ticochode - it was used on a Phoenix-02 engineer created by an engineer from TsAGI S. Popov.
The popularity of motors is due primarily to the possibility of their start without special towing devices, as well as due to the appearance of simple, lungs and enough powerful motors. A lot of original, spectacular flying devices of this class created by amateurs designers were demonstrated on the hears. Beautiful Motor A-10A was built by V. Miroshnik on the basis of the already familiar readers A-10B. The power unit has it - the engine "Vortex-25, converted to air cooling; It is located above the fuselage, behind the pilot cabin. The engine is usually used only for takeoff and a set of height. After it is turned off, the special mechanism folded the farm with the engine installed on it and removed it into the fuselage, which significantly reduced aerodynamic resistance aircraft. If necessary, the engine with the help of the same mechanism could be pulled out from the niches and run.
Another aircraft built by students from the Samara Aviation Institute is a double aircraft "Aeropract-18". It is compact, lung, made entirely of plastic and equipped with a 30-strong engine "VIRR-30-AERO" with air cooled - This model has the engine in the flight is not cleaned, which made it possible to simplify and relieve the design.
Nevertheless, lovers designers continued to develop original options Motor cleaning mechanisms in flight, and one of these most interesting devices was created by a group of Moscow amateur aviators under the leadership of A. Fedorov for a single two-dimensional engine "Istra". Light motors were fully inscribed in the wing circuit, not speaking for its theoretical contours, and aerial screws Rotate in the embarrassment of the wing. When stopping the engines, the screws were fixed in a horizontal position and closed with a sliding wing shank.
Another development of Moscow-like-lovers is a double Baikal Motor Blancher, also equipped with two engines. True, they are placed not on the wing, but on the V-shaped pylon over the fuselage. In flight, the motors are removed into the fuselage - just like on "Istra".
The feature of the Motoroplates A.Feorova is a composite design, made in accordance with the canons of modern technologies.
It is believed that aerodynamic scheme Contemporary plates and motor-stabilizers have been fully stabilized. And in fact, all modern devices of this type differ little from each other, and their geometric proportions are almost the same. Nevertheless, the design thought is looking for all new solutions, other schemes and proportions. Confirmation of this became the aircraft of Swiss designers and mothers berthane "Solitar". These original motors, made according to the "Duck" scheme, once again demonstrated the advantages of the carrier horizontal plumage.
The desire to fly through the air was in humans, it seems, it is always that it pushed scientists to create many wonderful aircraft, but not all of them were safe, could fly to long distances. Among them is such an amazing apparatus as a glider, which is relevant to this day. He gave rise to a whole sport in which competitions are held. Many have heard of him, but not even have no idea what he represents.
This is a kind of inspex aerial vehicle, whose weight is much heavier than air. The movement in it occurs under the influence of its own weight. The glider makes its flight using the aerodynamic force of the air flow on its wing. He seems to soar in the air. There are various models of this device: by the number of seats - one-, two- and multi-dimensional; For appointment - training, training and sports. The engine is plain goods, it is the most simple aircraft.
For take-off, an aircraft-towers is used, which attaches it to its board with a cable. After lifting the towing driver, the glider soars. Then they unfold the cable, the device flies alone. Many note that the flights on the glider are simply great, because everything happens in silence, without annoying hum of the motor. After the newcomer recognizes in practice what a glider is, he wants to make flights on it again and again.
There are two flight options on this apparatus: Warning and planning. Planning is a flight of a glider with a decrease that is very similar to sensations with a rapid descent on a sleigh either on a trolley along a steep slope. The passing involves the use of lifting force, which is created using airflow and supports the aircraft while driving in the air.
It is the flight on the glider and opened up the new opportunities in the air in the air, because the aircraft was still very far before the invention. These aircraft previously did not have any cabins for pilots, nor the chassis. In some models, the pilot just lay on the platform or drove the plane, standing on his hands, with the help of movements of his own body. Preceded, it caused certain inconvenience during flights. These aircraft were able to preserve their relevance and now.
Many lovers are thinking about how to make a glider with their own hands. It would be necessary to have a similar device in your arsenal for personal flights. Children will be very pleased with this invention and will find it a good toy. And the flight on the planer of real sizes can give a lot of excellent sensations of a lung saving in the air.
The homemade apparatus must certainly have some important qualities that can be found in learning the appropriate option in the store.
What will the glider look like? The newcomer in this matter is often not easy to achieve the correctness of the design, which is why it is so important to adhere to the general rules.
Those who have a minimum experience in design, will be quite difficult to make a model, so it is recommended to choose something easy, but with no less elegance than purchased analogs. There are only two basic designs of this aircraft, which will not require special efforts and costs. It is for these reasons that they will be the most optimal choice.
The first option is based on the principle of the designer, it is going and tipped into the air right at the test site.
The second option is the national team, has a holistic design and is resistant. Its creation - the work is quite painstaking and heavy. Not every planership is able to make such.
At the initial stage, it is necessary to make calculations and thoroughly think about everything. Those who want to make a glider with their own hands, the drawing planned plan needs to be viewed. It is also necessary to decide in advance with the materials that will be applied in the future design.
For different models of gliders, a complete set of resources is needed: small shells of wood massif, twine, high-quality glue, ceiling tiles, a small piece of plywood.
The first design of the glider will be pretty light, its nodes are fastened with the help of ordinary stationery and glue. It is for this reason that it is not necessary to comply with the accuracy in design. You need to adhere to several basic rules:
The remaining details are at the discretion of the planyrist.
Here it is really worth thinking about the quality of the manufacturer of the model. It is very important that all the details of the homemade aircraft are calculated to a millimeter. The drawing of the glider must correspond to the created model, otherwise the design does not squeeze. This model must have the following parameters:
After all the necessary values \u200b\u200bare clarified, you can safely start modeling.
Before starting to design real flying units, you can practice and build a paper glider. You can make it from a small paper sheet and matches, it will fly perfectly. It is only necessary to adjust a small weight of plasticine on the nose at the model. For this simple design you will need a notebook sheet of paper, scissors, matches, a piece of plasticine.
To begin with, you need to cut the glider body by the template, after which the wings on the dotted line up are. Next, gently glue the match on the inner part of the model so that the match of the match performs behind the nose of the center of the wing and did not have protrusions from behind. After drying the glue and fixing matches, the process of adjusting the glider begins. You need to pick up a loader of plasticine for it so that it regulates the flight process. This balancing is attached to the edge of the match.
The base for the glider (its wing part) is cut from the ceiling tiles. After that, rectangles are created from a similar material. This is done in such a way as to have enough for all items: the wing must have a size of 70 x 150 cm, the horizontal stabilizer is 160 x 80 cm, and the vertical - 80 x 80 cm. It is necessary to cut the main parts extremely neatly.
The perimeter needs to be swallowed with toilet paper so that everything is extremely smooth and there was no jar. Each narrow and thin edge should be rounded, so you can give a construct a little elegance, its aerodynamic properties will also improve. Rights can be created from simple pinch, just thoroughly sharpen and give them the desired form in advance. After all these manipulations, it is necessary to gently glue the wood to the middle of the wing so that it does not go beyond the edges. The main part is almost ready.
Now you need to take care of the body of the glider, this design is quite simple and consists of a thin sticky and small stabilizers. Rounded squares need to be glued together to make a certain similarity of the letter "T" in three-dimensional dimension. It is attached to the tail. With the help of such manipulations, you will make the framework, it will remain all attached with the help of conventional stationery. A planning of a glider will come to the help of the novice designer, leaning on which, everything can be done efficiently.
Create a children's glider will not be difficult for newcomers. But more serious models require special efforts and much longer time to construct. Therefore, people who are asked about how to make a globally, it is worth examining the process of building an aircraft in more detail. This will help create a reliable design. Having a ready-made model, newcomers will be able to evaluate what glider, which advantages he possesses.
The fuselage of this model is made of finely sharp matches and is covered with ordinary paper for Papile. A piece of plasticine for adjustment is placed in the model's nose. Wings, stabilizer and keel cut out of dense cardboard paper. Everyone who knows what the glider is, can cover doubt when this "Zagunulina" will be in his hands. However, work has not yet been completed.
Now it remains only to straighten cardboard wings and secure some plasticine on the nose. After that, you can in practice, check how this model makes flights.
The possibilities of this match design are very limited, it makes flights with a decrease, in the air may require constant adjustment. It is much more interesting to launch glider into the air, capable of painting on their own in the air, so you can additionally make a rubber engine. For the manufacture of this important detail It goes no more than half an hour. To do this, it is necessary to neatly do in the fuselage of matches. Small deepening, where the front bearing of the screw and the rear hook will be inserted. Both specified details are created from the usual soft wire. The latter needs to be neatly rushing the thread exclusively in the places of its joint with the fuselage. These compounds are carefully labeled glue.
After that, you need to handle the motor screw, the length of which is 45 mm, the width is 6 mm, and the thickness is 4 mm. In the center of the screw, you need to skip the wire axis, the end of which is hooking for a future rubber track. Two threads stretched out of the clothes rope can be used for a rubberwear, screw them up 100-120 revolutions. The device with such a simple engine will look up in the air very quickly.
After the newcomer makes the glider with their own hands, the drawings more complicated to him no longer seem difficult. Successes!
A little about the model. Before doing something more serious, especially in modeling, you need to practice on a simpler. Let's make a glider from ordinary paper and cardboard. A properly adjusted model can rise into the air to a height of up to 6 meters and fly up to 25 meters away. These characteristics in our case depend on the thickness of the cardboard, the weight of the cargo and the quality of the assembly.
For the manufacture of this paper model, the glider will be needed:
Fig.1
The first, where to start designing the model - drawing. Figure 1 shows all components and dimensions of the model (dotted line - the places of bends, the barcode dotted line - the axis of the center of gravity of the model). Drawing on the cardboard a sketch of the future model with compliance with all sizes, 4 blanks should turn out.
Fig. 2. All parts are already cut.
Now it is necessary to heat the edge of the wing (blank 1) and wove it with glue. Next, the melted glue and the bent the edge of the wing, you need to press well so that it is glued.
The next step is the assembly of the fuselage (billet 4). The sequence of assembly is as follows:
Fig.3. As a result, it should be like this.
The next step is the compound of the wing and fuselage. The order of assembly is:
After all the details of the aircraft are glued, you can begin the final stage - adjust the center of gravity of the model. In order to do this, it is necessary to stick the load to the fuselage, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. Then the model is also indicative and thumb and check the location of the center of gravity.
If the center of gravity is shifted from the axis of the center of gravity to the model's nose - it will go down the stone. If the center of gravity is shifted to the tail of the model - the model will simply be tumble in the air, and will not fly. Therefore, the optimal position of the center of gravity is under the wing of the model. However, a small displacement is allowed.
To start the model, you just need to take it with a large and index finger under the wing, and a sharp movement of the hand forward to launch the model into the air. As practice shows, almost always the model flies on the normal trajectory from the first time.
Recently, small model clashes from EPP began to appear in toys stores, simply speaking from the ceiling tiles. Of course, such a toy flies beautifully, withstands a lot of flights and can be allowed everywhere, but prices bite - 9 dollars apiece. But you can make a self-made model by spending no more than 30 rubles on the plane! So, let's start to hang your toy.
Materials:
* Ceiling tile without embossed pattern
*PVA glue
* Pine rail 4x4 mm
* Buttons
* clothespins of clothespiece
* Pins or needles
* Handles, markers, etc.
*stationery knife
* Small skin on Bruke
*plasticine
first you need to print and cut the templates for the aircraft.
It is advisable to glue a printout to the cardboard. Then applied them to the tile, fix the buttons and draw the wing, stabilizer and keel.
After you remove the templates and cut out the stationery knife (or a medical scalpel) with 1-2 mm blank.
Try not to hurt the billets.
Now you need to process the blanks. We note the restrictive lines, take the bar with the skin and give the profile of the wing and stabilizers move forward-back.
You need to handle confidently, smoothly, without jerks, otherwise you can spoil the item. Of course, you can give a profile and preheated iron, but this method is not always obtained.
If you gave the desired shape to the details, you can proceed to gluing. In no case are not enough for the glue moment! Solvents will turn the aircraft into porridge, so you need to use PVA glue. Rake long 18-25 cm lubricate with glue with one and on the other hand, and leave for 5 minutes so that the glue absorbed into the tree. The stabilizer and wings mark the middle and the bottom is laundered by glue midline. Next, fix all the clothespins, the keel is attached to the pins to the wing also in the midline.
This article step by step describes the creation of the simplest glider for children of younger school age. You can make it in a couple of hours, and the materials are used the most accessible.
Materials:
- Ceiling tile
- plywood 4 mm
- Bamboo spancut
- Sushi wand
- gum for money
- Thicks
- Cardboard
Instruments:
- Cutter
- a pen
- ruler
- scissors
- Adhesives for the ceiling and pva
- Lobzik
- Entrait
- Brushes and paints
Step 1. Drawing and templates.
The drawing is made right on the cardboard sheet to then cut the templates from it. All parts of the details are indicated. From the nose of 75 mm is the distance to the front edge of the wing and the border on which the nasal part of plywood will die.
Step 2. Cut and glue the model.
If the drawing was drawn on a dense cardboard, then the parts on the ceiling can not be drawn, but cut directly in templates. The tail inner part I cut out of the remnants of the ceiling, and therefore it is from two parts, but it can be done whole.
Step 3. Painting the model.
Before painting, it is better to first draw the contours with a handle for greater accuracy or at all first paint the items, and then glue, but it's more convenient.
If there are no acrylic paints, you can paint the model with markers and even poke the color scotch.
In this case, use acrylic paints - Blue and orange.
Step 4. Making a starting device.
In fact, the starting device is a kind of slingshot to run the model higher.
For its manufacture, you will need an elastic band for money and a wand for sushi (or any other speech).
