Leonid Gurulev
On the right keyboard, as we already know, the melody of a piece of music is played; The left keyboard is used to play the accompaniment (accompaniment) of this melody. However, there are cases where the melody runs in a bass voice and is played on the left accordion keyboard.
To record bass sounds, there is a bass clef, or "fa" clef, which is represented by a special sign (see fig.). He points out that the note F of a minor octave is recorded on the fourth ruler of the staff:
Knowing the location of this sound on the stave, it is not difficult to determine the rest of the bass sounds;
On the left side of the accordion are the buttons arranged in slightly oblique transverse rows. This whole part is called the bass keyboard.
The bass keyboard uses four fingers when playing the accordion. They are designated as follows:
2 - index finger (second finger)
3 - middle (third finger)
4 - ring (fourth finger)
5 - little finger (fifth finger)
1st finger does not participate in the game. It is used to press the air valve.
The first two longitudinal rows from the fur contain the main bass sounds. On these rows, a melodic line is played in the left keyboard.
The second row, counting from the fur, is called the main... Here is a button with a small notch that corresponds to the C note. Press this button with your 3rd finger:
Above the bass sound button is the salt button. Press it with your 2nd finger:
Below the C bass sound button is the F note button. Press it with your 4th finger.
Bass sounds are usually recorded within one octave.
Sometimes, for the sake of clarity, the images of the melodic line are recorded in different octaves. In reality, they sound within the above octave.
A characteristic of the accordion is the presence of buttons, when pressed, not one sound sounds, but several. This simultaneous sounding of several sounds is called chord... In the right keyboard, to get a chord, you need to press several specific keys at the same time, but in the left keyboard, chords are already given ready-made. By pressing one button, we will hear a chord consisting of several sounds.
Chords are written in the following notes:
From these sounds, ready-made chords are formed. All notes included in the chord are written on the stave one above the other:
Chords are major, minor, dominant seventh chords and reduced(we will look at the reduced chords later).
Chords are built from the main bass along oblique transverse rows and have the same names. Below is the bass ( before) and the chord from this bass ( C major):
For easier identification of chords, use the conventions.
Major chords in the third row of the keyboard are indicated by the letter " B".
Minor chords (fourth row of the keyboard) are indicated by the letter " M".
Dominant seventh chords (fifth row) are indicated by the number " 7
".
Below is the chord diagram for the left keyboard. For now, we will only consider chords from basic sounds ( do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si). We will study the first (auxiliary) row in the next lessons, so for now I have "painted" this row gray.
If after the bass there is a designation (B, M or 7), then this chord (button) is taken from the same bass located in the main row.
When repeating the same chords, the legend may not be written out:
If the bass and chord are written one on top of the other, then they are played simultaneously, that is, both buttons must be pressed together.
When learning the exercises, try to play evenly, counting out loud. Observe the fingering for now in the following order: the main row is the third finger, the row of major chords is the second. Watch for the movement of the fur, for the sound.
It is very difficult to talk about the time of the birth of a musical instrument, since music, and therefore musical instruments, have accompanied a person since ancient times. And no one can say for sure - when a person first blew into a bamboo reed and a pipe appeared, which later turned into a flute. Or when a person noticed that the stretched string of the bow sounds beautiful, he added a few more to it, and the lyre appeared - the predecessor of the harp and guitar.Today we are going to talk about one amazing musical instrument. You know that each instrument has its own voice, its own timbre personality, that is, a special color of sound. Is it possible to confuse the sound of a violin, organ or flute? ..... But there is one musical instrument, which, as it were, has absorbed the voices of many instruments, for example, flute, bassoon, organ and others. You probably know this tool well. No wonder he is called "the soul of the Russian people." Guess it? ...... Yes, it's a button accordion The full name of a modern button accordion - multi-timbral ready - an elective button accordion.
Today he is known and loved in many countries of the world. It is not without reason that international competitions of accordion players are held, in which foreign musicians participate. But this is today ... And what happened at the beginning of his journey?
You probably know that the button accordion originated from the harmonica. First came the harmonica. In ancient China, there was an instrument called the sheng. And the first hand harmonica was invented in Berlin in 1822. The name of the inventor of the manual harmonica is Friedrich Buschmann. He worked as an organ and piano tuner. To facilitate the tuning of the organ pipes, he constructed a small box with a metal tongue. When Friedrich blew air into the box with his mouth, the tongue sounded, emitted a tone of a certain pitch. Several of these boxes, which gave sounds of a certain pitch, simplified the tuning of the organ. But the master did not like that one hand was occupied. Then he stuck each tongue into the fur. He put the device next to it, stretched the fur up and released it, squeezing under the pressure of its own weight, the fur supplied air to the tongue, and it sounded. Both hands remained free, there was no need to blow with the mouth, which made the work easier. Then Friedrich figured out all the tongues to build into the fur, and so that they did not sound at the same time, he equipped them with valves. Now, to obtain the desired tone, it was necessary to open one valve above the corresponding tongue, and leave the rest closed. A little later, he realized that the construction he invented could be turned into an independent musical instrument. At first, it looked more like a child's toy than a musical instrument - it had only 5 buttons on the right and 5 on the left. Only very simple melodies could be played on it without accompaniment. Despite this, the accordion quickly spread throughout the world, including at the Tula fair. The overseas curiosity was so fond of in Tula that it spread throughout Russia and turned into a Russian folk instrument. Moreover, in each region, it changed, adjusting to local tunes. This is how the Saratov, Livens, Cherepovets, Vyatka, Bologoevskaya accordions appeared. Thanks to Russian masters, essentially a new instrument appeared, in which only the principle of sound production remained from the old accordion.
IN In 1830, the music master Ivan Sizov went to a fair in Nizhny Novgorod, and there he heard a harmonica. bought Like any inquisitive artisan, the first thing he did was disassemble and study the structure of the instrument. Making sure that there is nothing particularly complicated in it, especially for a Tula gunsmith, he took and made the same with his own hands. Of course, relatives and acquaintances immediately found out about this, and among them there were many craftsmen. Tula has always been famous for its craftsmen. Harmonica making soon became a craze.
The way to perfect the harmonica was long and difficult. At first it was very simple and primitive (5-7 buttons on right side and two basses on the left side). The time has come, and in this form, she could no longer satisfy the increased skill of the performers. And in 1871, a Tula musician - a nugget Nikolai Ivanovich Beloborodov designed the new kind instrument - chromatic harmonica. It already had an extended accompaniment (consisted of bass, three major and two minor chords), two rows of buttons in the right keyboard. And now 42 sounds could be played on the instrument! But the search for a more convenient design continued. And so one of the musicians, Yakov Fedorovich Orlansky - Titarenko, shared with the harmonious master Pyotr Yegorovich Sterligov the idea of a new instrument. Or, if in the language of today's production, he formulated the terms of reference. It was in 1905. The idea inspired the master, and two years later, in 1907, an instrument was built that had more than four octaves for the right keyboard - twelve sounds in each, and for the left hand - a complete set of basses and chords for all keys without exception. In honor of the legendary old Russian singer - storyteller Boyan, he was named - button accordion. Bayan is a name adopted only in our country. So the laurels of the invention of the button accordion belong equally to the musician and the master. They created a tool that was so perfect from the very beginning that, in principle, it has not changed until now, although, of course, there have been improvements. And everything became available to this instrument, right up to a concert with a symphony orchestra. Bayan is a name adopted only in our country. Abroad, all chromatic harmonics, whether they have keys or buttons, are called accordions .. Work on improving the instrument continued for many years. Yes, it essentially continues to this day.
We have wonderful factories in Russia where they make software special technology to order modern concert button accordions of the latest generation "Jupiter", "Appassionata", "Levsha", "Russia", which are played by outstanding musicians. The multi-timbral ready-selectable button accordion is an instrument of great dynamic, timbre and acoustic capabilities, which is capable of performing the most complex compositions written for various instruments. The level of bayan performance is extremely high these days. The names of the great accordionists Ivan Panitsky, Yuri Kazakov, Vladimir Besfamilny, Friedrich Lips, Vyacheslav Semenny, Yuri Shishkin and many others are known all over the world. The most complex original compositions are written for the modern button accordion. International competitions and festivals are held, talented composers write new interesting works, accordion players go on tour all over the world, collecting huge concert halls
References.
1 Gazaryan S.S. "In the world of musical instruments", Publishing House "Prosveshchenie", Moscow. , 1989. 2 Mirek A.M. "From the history of the accordion and button accordion", publishing house "Soviet composer", M., 1967.
3 Shornikova M. "Music, its forms and genres" musical literature for children's music schools and children's art schools, 1st year of study, edition 5th "Phoenix" Rostov - on - Don, 2006.
In this article, we will master the right keyboard with you using special exercises. There will be a minimum of theory and a lot of practice. The video exercises will allow you to very quickly prepare the gaming machine for a full-fledged game with two hands.
After studying them, you will have no problems with finger fluency and coordination. After completing the practical set of exercises, you will be completely free to independently learn songs and pieces in a simplified arrangement for the button accordion on the right keyboard.
The video exercises set the standard for the sound of the instrument when performing exercises. You can start the video at any time and compare your game with the sound of the reference. These exercises will help you develop optimal fur behavior and train your fingers to fingering correctly. In a selection of more than thirty videos of exercises that are recognized by experts as the most productive for teaching beginners.
I have been using these exercises in my work for almost forty years. On the material that you have the opportunity to buy, hundreds and hundreds of my students - both adults and children - have learned to play the accordion. By purchasing this mini course - a set of exercises for the right hand, you get the opportunity at any time to get my advice, answers to your questions, recommendations.
Who are these exercises for?
For those who start to master the button accordion from scratch, without any preliminary preparation. Innings teaching material organized in such a way that absolutely anyone can work productively with a set of video exercises.
- The exercises can be used by accordion teachers and tutors as basic and auxiliary materials, as well as for homework for students in the accordion class in children's musical educational institutions.
Included:
32 videos, 115 exercise videos.
And also: layouts of notes on the keyboard, video exercises with high-quality sound of Roland digital accordion, excellent graphics. All exercises with signed notes and fingering symbols. Files for printouts of exercises are also available. Most of the exercises have guidelines for mastering them. The video is recorded in AVI format.
Price 300 rubles
To purchase a kit, write to the mail p [email protected] Recommendations for learning the right accordion keyboard
The study of musical literacy must be associated with the auditory images and concepts of the child. In other words, the notes must be studied sequentially with different lengths.
The study of musical notation usually starts from the note "do". As you learn the seven basic sounds of the natural scale, the student practically masters the key in C major, its stable and main steps. As soon as possible, learn to play without constantly looking at the keyboard. This will become possible when you know well the location of the notes on the button accordion keyboard. Moreover, to know not virtually, but by touch. To do this, you will have to work hard. It is best to use one octave for learning the keyboard.
I recommend the first one. By placing our fingers on one octave, we will automatically know the notes of other octaves. For some students, hundreds of repetitions are required to memorize the basic sounds of one octave. Someone remembers the arrangement of notes very quickly. But I repeat: it is not enough to remember the location of the notes, you need to distinguish them by sound, to accurately determine their location on the keyboard.
The main task of the initial practical work on the study button accordion: remember the nature of the sound in a natural scale, hear it in reality and have an auditory idea of it. It is also important to learn the relative duration of whole, half and quarter notes.
Along with memorizing notes on the keyboard, the student gets an idea of the location of the notes on the staff, learns how to correctly record sounds of different durations. Here he also works out his first skills in sound production and mechanics.
We memorize the position and sounding of the note "C" of the first octave. Press the button "before". Let's pull the sound, listen to it carefully. We are trying to reproduce it with a voice. Then together with the tool. We do this procedure 10-15 times. We press the next button - corresponding to the note "re". Do not touch the semitones yet.
Our task at the initial stage is to learn the location of the main notes. So, we play the sequence of notes "C" - "D". We play this sequence in whole, in half. If possible, use a metronome. But even with a metronome, be sure to count the beats or stomp out the count with our foot.
Be sure to sing the performed exercises. When we confidently take the notes "C" and "D" on the keyboard, we proceed to the elaboration of the next combination of buttons corresponding to the notes "C" - "B". Press the "do" button with the second finger, the note "si" - with the third.
We concentrate as much as possible, strain our ears, absorb the sounds being played. We carefully monitor transitions by ear, transfusions from sound to sound. The next combination of sounds for learning the right keyboard is “do-re-si-do”.
Let me remind you that all these manipulations are aimed at studying the location of the "C" note on the keyboard. After you begin to be absolutely free to find and play the note "C", you can move on to mastering the note "D". By analogy with the previous lessons, we compose a sequence of buttons from the "re" button down and up.
These sequences will look like this: "re-mi", "re-do", "re-mi-re-do". How many times should you repeat the sequences until you are completely memorized? For each teacher individually. It can be ten repetitions, or it can be a hundred.
Similarly, we work through the rest of the basic sounds until the note "si". This will be the first step in learning the right keyboard. In the next step, we will deal with intervals, i.e. Let's continue to study the notes (buttons) of the main scale on the right keyboard using intervals as an example.
The button accordion belongs to a rather small group of instruments that have a wide sound range and do not require accompaniment (accompaniment). As is known, this group includes, first of all, the piano, organ, harp, and from the folk harmonica, guitar and some others. It is the versatility of the instrument, its compactness, combined with excellent sound qualities, among which the most valuable is the controllability of sound, that determined its democracy and immense popularity, both in our country and abroad. Bayan is rightfully considered one of the most perfect and widespread types of harmonica. It is a reed keyboard pneumatic musical instrument with a twelve-step equal-tempered tuning.
The button accordion body consists of two parts (right and left), which are connected by a fur chamber (fur), it is made of beech or spruce. The outer surface is carefully polished or pasted over with celluloid. The fur chamber, which has 14-15 folds (borin), is made of electric cardboard, pasted over with silk and granite and fixed with rounded metal corners. On the right half-body there is a neck with a keyboard located on it for playing with the right hand. The most common accordions have three rows on the right keyboard and the number of keys from 52 to 61.
Its range is from B flat or large octave G to C sharp or fourth octave G. Low sounds are produced with the keys located at the top of the neck, and the highest sounds are at the bottom of the neck. Having four or five rows on the right keyboard does not increase the range of the instrument. These additional rows, called auxiliary, are a repetition of the main ones and allow the performer to easily transpose a piece of music into any other key.
On the outside of the left half-case, there is a left-hand keyboard with five or six rows of buttons. Their number is usually 100-120. On the side of the half-body there is a belt for the left hand, which, in addition to the play function, also performs the function of mechology. Two shoulder straps hold the instrument while playing. Another strap may be used to connect them at the back. 
The basis of sound production on the accordion is the vibration of metal reeds (voices) under the influence air jet... The tongue, rigidly attached at one end to the metal frame, freely slips in it under the air pressure from the side of its riveting. Under the influence of pressure on the other hand, it is not excited due to the overlap of the opening for the sounding voice with a glued strip of husky (skin).
Therefore, to extract the same sound for unclamping and compressing the fur, two identical tongues are needed, attached on different sides of two identical openings in the frame. The frames, together with the tabs, are called strips. 
The strips are mounted on special stands - resonators, divided into cells - air or resonator chambers. The entrance to each chamber is called a resonator socket. Through the openings of the socket, air is supplied from the fur chamber to the voice tongues attached to the walls of the air chambers of the resonators. For good airtightness of the structure, the contact surface of the socket with the deck and voice strips with resonators is glued with a husky. Resonators are attached to the deck wooden blocks and special bolts.
The loudness of the sound depends on the amplitude of the reed oscillation: the stronger the pressure of the air stream, the louder the sound, and vice versa. The pitch of the sound depends on the length of the tongue: the shorter ones make high-pitched sounds, the longer ones - low ones. So that the reeds of low-register sounds are not excessively large, additional weights are riveted on them.
The timbre of the sound depends on the design of the soundboard and resonator, the shape and volume of the resonator chambers, as well as on the thickness and material of the bar, on the quality of the metal from which the voice is made, and on the profile of the voice.
The article describes how they are arranged accordion, button accordion, accordion inside... The principles of sounding these instruments are given. Internal organization
accordion, button accordion, accordion the same... Are given accordion pictures.
Used pictures blog Muzika Harmonike from Serbia.
http://muzikaharmonike.com/viewtopic.php?f=32&t=1269
For air to pass when unclenching fur through one tongue... And when squeezing fur across another... Opposite each of the two slots of the voice strips, a small strip of leather(not shown in the picture) One strip covers the slot of the voice bar when the fur is squeezed. The other when unclenched.
For installing resonators, valves and other mechanisms on the instrument there are two decks... On the right side right deck... On the left side left deck... Decks are wooden or metal. Decks have sound holes... The resonator holes line up with the deck holes. Sound holes on decks close and open valves when you press keys tool. The decks are adjacent to the side bodies hermetically... To all the air from furs went to extract sound
View from above
Visible
Ivan Kopytin's blog Bayan Accordion Harmony
