Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.
Consideration of journalism as reflections of our life. Evaluation of the process of injection of problems through the media. The role of journalism in political propaganda. The impact of the development of technology on the needs of society and on the quality of journalism.
essay, added 05/14/2015
Communication theory of journalism, its sociology and psychology. Journalism as a social institution. Professional ethics and morality of the behavior of a journalist. The right of mass media in the legal system of Belarus. The concept of the political science of journalism.
examination, added 07.06.2011
Development of modern internet. Determination of journalism. The concept and specificity of Internet journalism. Internet as a way to communicate in journalism. The problem of media freedom in modern Russia. The law on the media.
coursework, added 06/18/2012
The concept of journalism. Essence, goals, functions, funds. The history of the development and development of journalism, including in Russia. Types of direction. The socio-political and economic situation is determined by the quality of journalism in modern Russia.
course work, added 09/28/2015
The beginning of the development of the Internet. Mass media characterized by inflow to the mass audience, publicly available. Internet - multifaceted media. The emergence of copyright projects on the Internet, their role for journalism.
coursework, added 01/15/2011
Science predecessor journalism. Stages of its development. Multical term of the functioning of the media (media). The role of a sociological, philological and cultural base in the professionalism of the journalist. Specificity of work in different types of media.
course work, added 01/28/2012
Basic concepts, value and functions PR. Determination of journalism, its functions and transformation. Information as an object of the journalist's work. The value of professional-ethical codes. Place in professional activities of professional ethics codes.
coursework, added 05/09/2014
Global problems are those whose solution is possible only by coordination of the entire world community. This is a military threat, an ecological threat, global economic, demographic and cultural and technological problems. Journalism performs two main functions: information and reflection and formation of public opinion. Global problems are a set of issues, from the decision of which the essential conditions for the survival of mankind: 1) War and Peace, 2) Elimination of poverty, hunger, illiteracy, 3) reduction of the gap between developed and developing countries, 4) demographic problems, 5) Environmental problems (The purity of the atmosphere, the availability of resources, the preservation of the natural balance). Humanistic interpretations: global problems include health problems, education, social values. Roman club - a colossal increase in the scale of human activity. Unbalanced long-term and short-term interests.
Among scientists of journalists there is a discussion around the concept of global world, globalization, globalism, global problems of humanity, actual problems of humanity. Scientific centers appeared on the planet, studying current issues of modernity. There is a general conservation crisis in the fields of ecology, demographics, politicians, geopolitics, economics, culture and morality as actual problems of modernity, requiring new research approaches and decisions. Advanced thinkers of the planet put forward the concept of a global world as the need to combine efforts to preserve civilizations. Journalists must realize the real state of affairs and their role in search of adequate responses to time calls. In this regard, these main directions are put forward: 1. acquaint the mass audience with the ideas of globalism and monitoring data for the development of the planetary crisis obtained in research centers; 2. Acquaint the mass audience with the activities of research centers that study the possibilities of neutralizing destructive processes on Earth; 3. Acquaint the mass audience with the ideas of alternative - the directions of futurology developing the safe parameters of the development of earthly civilization; 4. Organize disputes and discussions on the understanding of the ideas of globalism and alternatives; 5. Familiarize the mass audience with scientific developers aimed at a decision within Russian issues, taking into account the requirements of the safe development of earthly civilizations;
There is a need to participate in the printed and e-presses in monitoring the planetary crisis in all its manifestations, as well as in the management of them, which suggest the following points: - Deep problem-analytical reflections with the general stabbing sense of crisis situations; - study of possible ways to resolve such situations with the involvement of serious experts; - a broad discussion of the most wealthy recommendations as an act of self-determination of public opinion; - Attracting the attention of the institutions of power to public opinion on a particular problem as a vector when making decisions. There is a need for a more intensive and constructive dialogue in the media between representatives of different cultures, ethnic groups, religions and different political forces in order to bring the ethnicity of the moral landmarks, on the basis of which great coherence of action in the world can be achieved, as well as more mutual understanding between government institutions and institutions civil society.
Factors ensuring the effective participation of the media in solving topical problems of modernity: - freedom of the press as an opportunity to carry out journalistic activities in accordance with its internal laws. Economic, political, legal foundations of freedom of the press. - Professional position of the journalist as a set of installations for activities in accordance with its internal laws. The dependence of the professional position of the journalist from the moral climate of the society and the moral climate of the journalistic community. - Professional or ethical regulators of the creative behavior of the journalist as a factor in the productive participation of the media in solving the most important specific historical tasks. The dependence of adequate reflection and deep understanding of the actual problems of modernity in the press from such qualities of the journalist as competence.
PCBLES: 1. Globalization - global media appear, concentrated horizontally and vertically. This leads to the creation of a mass information product, the expansion of the English language. Mass consumption, standardized (mass culture), the consumer becomes passive. 2. Missing the ideas about the world of journalists and the audience. Often Jour-T does not know what is interesting to his audience. This leads to a separation from those for whom the media work. 3. The limited number of advertisers in the regions, which reduces media profits. 4. Dependence on power structures and dominant in the territory of industrial and financial groups. 5. A large number of custom materials, advertising and PR. 6. Undermining the financial base of the media under conditions of galloping inflation in the early 90s. 7. Reducing the saturation of printed publications per capita. 8. Falling in circulation compared to the Soviet period. 9. "Yellow" press. 10. Information Wars. 11. Journalists believe that they are infallible. 12. Cultivation of imaginary values. 13. Too big flow of information that does not allow to analyze the situation. 14. Commercialization of the media. 15. Loss of confidence in the media.
Modern journalism is far from the ideal who draws graduates of schools or students who have come to journalistic faculties. The problems of journalism are significantly large-scale and more difficult than it may seem, but those who are preparing to join this complex track, you need to be ready for hazards, misunderstanding, laundry and other.
The problems of journalism are great and one more of them - the sale of goods, it becomes the most important misfortune that matches many talents and deprives the public of many sensations and important news. Any information is a product, and the journalist in this case acts as the owner or seller of the goods. Experienced sellers will be able to find truly unique, exclusive goods, and after profitable to sell it. It is important only at the same time to preserve the head and life, which is especially relevant in mind the high mortality among journalists.
Therefore, many, fearing for their lives and well-being, prefer to choose a simpler and safe way - selling information, silence purchased for benefits or money. However, everyone who goes into the sphere of prints, television or radio should also be aware of the importance of their work, their mission. Otherwise, the truth will never be released.
Like a wolf, a journalist always feed legs, and therefore it is obliged to quickly look for new facts, always to be in the thick of events, look for new information and correctly operate it. It is the sale of all the "pisak" is generated by money. Complex work, constant nervous tension and fear for their own life and well-being becomes the cause of many occupational diseases, drunkenness and even addiction.
It is worth being ready for the fact that only one per thousand or even ten thousand journalists becomes really known and recognized, he enjoys universal respect and glory. The rest of the series of mass is forced to conduct a permanent struggle for their existence, and like Shakali with the same journalists to retake information.
Another part of the problem of journalism is pressure. Modern politicians, stars, oligarchs and even local authorities prefer to effectively control the media, because the freedom of speech is becoming more and more conditional, and in fact it replaces its constant pressure on newspapers, magazines, television and radio. Everyone seeks to get its playground to promote selected people, certain opinions, thoughts, goods or parties. Any thought should be monitored, and the easiest way it is done on the pages of your own magazine or on the air of the TV channel.
Speaking about the problems of modern journalism in Kazakhstan, first of all it is necessary to note the relatively new "politics of the State Translation", in which the government agencies arrange a kind of tenders for publishing houses and television companies to receive funding from the country's budget. The study conducted in 2010, in the framework of the project "Monitoring of the State Translations in Kazakhstan's Media" project, showed that the state order "is still opaque, the goal of competitions is often unclear, and many private media have actually ceased to develop their management, relying exclusively on financing through state order" . Also, within the framework of this study, it was revealed that, "according to various data, in Kazakhstan, 50-70% of private media are in the field of information policies in Kazakhstan.
Only one of the many examples is the fact that the largest party media holding "Nur-Media", created at the end of 2008, owns the ruling party "Nur Otan". It includes the Astana TV channel, the Republican radio station NS and the Radio Radio Radio broadcasting in Astana, Republican newspapers "Liter", "Ikyn", Izvestia - Kazakhstan, "Turkistan", "Dala Men Cala", "Country and Peace", "Nur Astana" and "Kazakhstan Temirzholschsi".
Gosbazaz received widespread in 2009, when the financing of this region increased significantly, and by virtue of the economic crisis, the number of advertisers and other sources of media financing decreased dramatically, which was the reason for the multiple increase in the influence of the state policy on published materials. All this led to the fact that at present the concept of "independent media" practically ceased to exist. "If independent, then the opposition. All other and without state orders the state controls, through the editors, through the owners. " According to the editor-in-chief of the radio station "Echo Moscow" Alexey Venediktov, "Press for power, emphasize, is just a tool. Those media that comply with this view are supported. Those that do not correspond or are destroyed, or the power on them does not pay any attention. "
A vivid example of this example is the problems with the deadlines for the provision of requested information, because journalists in their actions are guided by the law "On the media" by law, and state organizations by law "On the procedure for considering the appeals of individuals and legal entities". In view of the fact that the information material is quickly obsessed, a large number of "unwanted" publications simply "stuck" in this bureaucratic magician.
Kazakhstani media are increasingly transformed into the information system, in which the main task is the message of information paid by politicians, oligarchs, etc.
It aggravates the position of things and the absence of a clear and certain information policy of the state, which leads to arbitrary estimates and actions regarding the media, in other words, makes it possible to manipulate them.
In particular, the media law is not concrete in some issues. Article 1 of paragraph 1 states that "the freedom of speech, creativity, expressions in the printed and other form of their views and beliefs, obtaining and disseminating information to any way forbidden by the law is guaranteed." Also in Article 1 of paragraph 2, it is said that government agencies are obliged to provide every citizen the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the rights and interests affecting his rights and interests, solutions and sources of information. However, in paragraph 3, it is referred to "prohibit the dissemination of information constituting state secrets or a secrecy protected by law", while not nameing the methods that could be determined whether this information was protected by a secret or not.
What is even more interesting, so this is Article 145 of paragraph 1 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, according to which "no one has the right to use an image of any person without its consent, and in the event of death - without the consent of the heirs." It turns out that the journalist is almost every passerby in the frame should ask permission to use its image. But it is practically not realistic to perform this, which provides the authorities to the authorities to interpret dismissal materials in their favor. And such examples are a great set.
As for the rights of the journalist: in chapter 5 of paragraph 2, "the rights and obligations of a journalist", it is said that the journalist has the right to be in places where government agencies are located, but it must be accredited by the state authorities themselves, which implies, again , limiting the number of devive journalists capable of passing accreditation.
This indirectly confirms the results of competitions of state procurement, published on the website of the Ministry of Information and Communications. So, "A number of competitions has one part of the participants, among which - the state edition of Kazakhstan's Pravda and the" Liter "edition of the ruling party" Nur Otan ". At the same time, they alternately won several contests. " Access to information is often turning into a real problem, especially if this information belongs to the authorities. Accreditation of only loyal media, answers to questions and requests only to "their" or close to ideological reasons, the shielding of "opposition" journalists is far from a complete list of restrictions.
"Today, thanks to individual standards in the legislation, any official or politician can sue a journalist and the media who printed the critical material in his address, and ... will win, because often journalists do not know the law well and therefore allowing distortion. But even if the journalists know the law, the court will still decide in favor of the official. "
In conclusion, I would like to add that the main task facing the media is upbringing respect for the law and the formation of a positive image of representatives of this law. But it is necessary to do this without going beyond objectivity.
