Neklesa Alena
Calcium
Photos of children, information about personal data (name and surname of the child) are published with the consent of the parents (legal representatives) in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On the protection of personal data" (152 FZ
COMPETITION-EXHIBITION
scientific works of schoolchildren of the Magadan region
"THE FUTURE BEGINS TODAY"
within the framework of the VI interregional conference of young scientists
"SCIENTIFIC YOUTH OF THE NORTH-EAST OF RUSSIA"
student of 7 "B" class
Scientific adviser:
Lukashuk Alena Viktorovna
biology teacher
Magadan, 2016
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………3
Literature review…………………………………………………………………..5
Research results……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………… 15
Applications ……………………………………………………………………………16
Sources of information………………………………………………………………18
Introduction
Calcium - this is an element without which the basic life processes cannot proceed. All plants and animals need calcium in order to live.
The human body contains approximately 1000 g of calcium, of which about 99% is found in the skeleton and 1% is found in fluids and soft tissues.
So what is this need for calcium for our body?
In the human body, calcium is the most important building material for bones, hair, teeth. In addition to performing the functions of a building material, calcium is involved in the most complex biochemical processes of the body, directly affects the functioning of organs and systems. The normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, the nervous system, proper metabolism, normal blood clotting - all this is the result of a sufficient amount of calcium in the body, its proper absorption, sufficient intake into the body. The lack of an element in the body causes various dysfunctions and diseases, changes at the cellular level.
Simply put, the role of calcium in the healthy development and proper functioning of a living organism is so great that it is almost impossible to overestimate its importance.
On the streets of our city you can often meet people limping, moving with the help of a stick, leaning on it. At school, I noticed many children who, when walking, take the wrong position, sit at their desks in the classroom in the wrong position, especially elementary school children. Yes, and high school students, wearing bags or backpacks on one shoulder, do not observe the symmetrical arrangement of the load on the spine. As a result, we see stooped young children and already with a curved spine or chest in adolescence.
I became interested in why older people often break bones, why it is so difficult for children and teenagers to take the correct posture when working or walking. Based on the questions posed, I put forward a hypothesis.
Hypothesis: if calcium accumulates in the human body from birth, then its content should ensure the vital activity of an adult.
To confirm the hypothesis of my work, I defined a goal.
Target: find out the importance of calcium for the human body and establish the causes of its depletion.
Tasks:
Collect and study material on the importance of calcium for the human body;
Conduct experiments proving the presence and importance of calcium in the composition of the organs of the human body;
Conduct a study of medical records of students to identify curvature of the spine and chest;
Conduct a survey for students to determine their stressful conditions, as well as to identify the proper rational nutrition of students.
Draw conclusions about the importance of calcium for the human body.
Literature review
Calcium compounds are found everywhere in nature, so mankind has been familiar with them since ancient times. Lime has long been used in the construction business, which for a long time was considered a simple substance, “earth”. However, in 1808, the English scientist Humphry Davy managed to obtain a new metal from lime, which he called calcium (from the Latin calx (calx) - “lime”, “soft stone”).
Calcium is a vital element, without it we could not live. Almost every cell, including those of the heart, nerves, and muscles, needs calcium to function properly.
Scientists have found that our ancestors received a lot of calcium with food - 2000-3000 mg per day. Now 1000 mg is considered the norm, but a modern person receives no more (and often less) 800 mg with food. The rest must be obtained by taking pure calcium. This is necessary to prevent bone fragility and skeletal deformities in old age.
Calcium salts are the main building material for bones, teeth, nails; they are also necessary for muscles, participate in the processes of hematopoiesis, metabolism, help reduce vascular permeability, preventing the penetration of microorganisms into the blood and, thus, increasing the body's resistance to infections and toxins. Calcium has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, has an anti-inflammatory effect, and is a good regulator of climatic temperature changes. That is why, if a person has a sufficient amount of foods rich in calcium in his diet, he is not afraid of either infection or a sudden change in weather.
Calcium always enters into an "alliance" with phosphorus. About 99% of all calcium and 70-77% of phosphorus in our body are part of the skeleton. The human body contains from 1 to 2.2 kg of calcium and about 650 g of phosphorus. These elements are inseparable friends: phosphorus and calcium salts cannot be absorbed without each other. It is necessary to constantly maintain the ratio of these two minerals, and vitamin D is responsible for their balance in the blood. If the ratio of these two trace elements is disturbed, the body will be forced to take calcium from the “bone reserve” for its survival - teeth, nails, large joints or build bones from "substitute". For example, the molecular structures of strontium and calcium are very similar. When organic calcium does not enter the body for a long time (lack of it for life is like death), then calcium is replaced in the body by strontium. But the molecular lattice of strontium is larger than the molecular lattice of calcium. From here, changes in the bones appear - “growths”, “bumps”, etc.
3. The daily intake of calcium in the human body
In different periods of life, the dose of calcium necessary for a person varies. The average dose for a middle-aged person, weighing approximately 1000-1200 milligrams.
In childhood and adolescence, when a person grows and develops rapidly, the body requires a little more of this valuable element than, for example, a middle-aged man needs (see Table 1).
Women need slightly more calcium than men, it is especially important to replenish calcium stores during pregnancy. There are no other options for the expectant mother, except for the use of foods or preparations with a high content of calcium. A developing embryo constantly requires the necessary elements for growth (calcium is one of the most important), and he receives everything he needs from the mother's body.
Women over 50 also need a higher calcium intake. With the onset of menopause, calcium is naturally flushed out of the body.
Age and physiological periods | The amount of calcium (mg/day) |
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Children: | 0 - 6 months | |
6 months - 1 year | ||
1 – 3 years | ||
4 – 8 years | ||
9 – 13 years old | 1300 |
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Teens: | 14 – 18 years old | 1300 |
Adults: | 19 - 30 years old | 1000 |
31 - 50 years old | 1000 |
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51 - 70 years old | 1200 |
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70 years and older | 1200 |
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Pregnant and lactating women: | 14 – 18 years old | 1300 |
19 - 50 years old | 1000 |
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Why is it so important to rational calcium intake in different age periods?
Calcium deposition in bone during preadolescence is 140–165 mg per day and rises to 400–500 mg during adolescence. Calcium absorption in the intestine is very efficient and is estimated at approximately 40%. Peak bone mass in adults is predominantly reached by the age of 20, although there is a slight additional accumulation of bone mass throughout the third decade of life. The researchers found a small but positive association between lifetime calcium intake and adult bone mass. They analyzed the relationship between calcium balance and calcium intake. It turned out that the main cause of calcium imbalance was the rate of its consumption. During adolescence, calcium balance increases at 1500 mg per day, resulting in an increase in peak bone mass. Calcium supplementation is especially important in girls and young women 12–19 years of age, as it has been shown that their average calcium intake of less than 900 mg per day is not enough to achieve optimal peak bone mass in the future.
A study of young women (21–30 years) outside of pregnancy and after the end of linear growth showed that bone mass was positively affected by a moderate increase in calcium intake with adjusted protein intake, moderate physical activity.
In women, the need for calcium salts increases during pregnancy and lactation. The fetus accumulates approximately 30 g of calcium from the maternal skeleton, which is mainly deposited in the fetal skeleton in the third trimester of pregnancy. During lactation, 160–300 mg of maternal calcium is lost daily in milk. Dynamic studies in healthy women have shown rapid loss of bone mass during lactation, followed by rapid recovery after cessation of breastfeeding and resumption of menstruation. However, women in these periods of life are recommended 1200 mg of calcium per day, and lactating young women (up to 22–24 years) up to 1500 mg of calcium.
The above optimal calcium intake can be considered as a measure of primary prevention of osteoporosis, which should begin with adolescence (ie, the period of peak bone mass), continue into adulthood and increase in the elderly. It is necessary to take into account the fact that the actual intake of calcium from food has been decreasing in recent years. The situation is especially alarming among girls aged 15–18, whose dietary calcium content averaged 602 mg per day.
As mentioned above, the main factor contributing to the increase in calcium absorption in the small and large intestines is the active vitamin D - calcitriol. In its absence, only 10% of calcium entering the body can be absorbed.
4. Causes of deficiency and excess of calcium in the human body.
From the first seconds of life, starting from the womb, a person needs calcium. The lack of an element in the body causes various dysfunctions and diseases, changes at the cellular level. The normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, the nervous system, proper metabolism, normal blood clotting - all this and much more is the result of a sufficient amount of calcium in the body, its proper absorption, sufficient intake into the body.
The level of calcium in the blood is regulated by the body itself. This means that with proper nutrition and metabolism, including macro and microelements, calcium deficiency is not observed.
P signs of deficiencycalcium in the human body.
It is believed that calcium deficiency is a disease of the elderly, and this is the main mistake. In fact, the lack of calcium in old age is the result of its waste throughout life, the lack of timely replenishment of calcium. Lack of calcium in the body provokes a number of dangerous diseases - the cardiovascular system, kidneys, bones, imbalance of the digestive system.
The main signs are: brittle bones, brittle nails, split ends, problems with tooth enamel. The main thing to remember is that the above problems are only a manifestation of internal problems.
Symptoms of calcium deficiency may not appear immediately, if there is a lack of a mineral in the blood for a long time, then muscle cramps, tingling in the lips, tongue, feet and fingers occur. Osteoporosis and bone decalcification may also develop. Symptoms of calcium deficiency are: fragility of nails and hair, deterioration of teeth, eczema, arrhythmia, high blood pressure, muscle cramps, memory impairment, nervousness, rickets.
Quite frequent excessive consumption of alcohol and coffee contributes to the excretion of calcium from the body. That is why people who are addicted to coffee and alcohol are more likely to suffer from calcium deficiency.
Deficiency, as well as excess calcium in the body is closely associated with a violation of the intake of vitamin D, so the above symptoms do not always indicate a violation in the absorption of only one calcium.
Signs of excess calcium in the human body.
Symptoms of excess calcium in the body do not appear immediately and not for everyone. An increased concentration of calcium precedes the long-term use of natural dairy products (milk, cottage cheese, cheese, etc.). In addition, an increased content of the macroelement is noted in the presence of malignant tumors.
Excess calcium can occur as a side effect after long-term use of drugs, in the treatment of peptic ulcers of the intestine and stomach, as well as during and after radiation therapy.
Pronounced excess symptomscalcium (when consumed more than 2 g per day):
nausea, which is often accompanied by vomiting, lack of appetite, arrhythmia and disruption of the heart muscle, disruption of the kidneys, deterioration of the mental state up to hallucinations, general weakness.
Scientists consider sour milk and cottage cheese to be the best sources of calcium. However, proponents of natural therapy have proven that cow's milk contains a calcium that is not characteristic of the human body, and in order to assimilate it, it takes a lot of energy, including part of its own calcium supply.
Cheeses, on the other hand, are, as a rule, a product that is overcooked and often heavily oversaturated with fats, table salt, and harmful dyes. Therefore, the main sources of calcium should be considered natural products containing not only calcium, but also phosphorus, as well as other trace elements and vitamins (especially vitamins D, C, B9).
Products containing calcium.
Among the products containing calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D salts at the same time, fish liver and beef liver should be mentioned first of all. Then seafood: sea kale, shrimps, lobsters, crabs, herring, mackerel; in addition - butter, raw egg yolk (see table. 2).
Foods that contain large amounts of phosphorus and calcium at the same time - apples, green peas, beans, whole grains of wheat, fresh cucumbers, all types of cabbage, especially cauliflower (it must be eaten raw), celery, lettuce, radish (with tops) , cottage cheese, white cheeses.
Foods especially rich in calcium: apricots, currants, grapes, gooseberries, blackberries, beets, carrots, strawberries, cherries, cucumbers, oranges, peaches, pineapples, strawberries, dill, parsley, celery, onions, young turnip tops, green beans, skins all fruits and vegetables, spinach, dandelion, bran, honey, almonds, dairy products.
Foods especially rich in phosphorus: pears, nuts of all kinds (including peanuts), rye, barley, lentils, soybeans, sprouted wheat, meat, mushrooms.
Research results
In the human body, calcium is found in the bones of the skeleton (about 99% of our bones are for us a "reservoir" of calcium), in cells, in the blood.
It is blood that delivers calcium to the organs and tissues of the body and precisely to those places where it is needed. But initially, our body receives, of course, not pure calcium, but its salts.
Calcium salts are the main building material for bones, teeth, nails; they are also necessary for muscles, participate in the processes of hematopoiesis, metabolism, help reduce vascular permeability, preventing the penetration of microorganisms into the blood and, thus, increasing the body's resistance to infections and toxins.
We decided to show the value of calcium for the human body in experiments. The purpose of the first experiment is to investigate the content of calcium in the bones. We put the chicken bones in the vinegar solution and put a control sample where the bones were in the water. The experiment lasted 7 days. At the end of the experiment, we took out the bones and determined that no significant changes occurred with the bone in the water, it remained solid, as it was. And the bone that was in the vinegar became flexible. This is due to the fact that acetic acid removes minerals from the bones, that is, calcium salts from the bones have passed into solution. The bone became flexible due to the organic compounds found in the bone.
This experience clearly showed that calcium as a mineral substance provides bone hardness and strength. This means that the bones serve as a reservoir of calcium and at the same time calcium can be excreted from the body under the influence of various factors.
Insufficient intake of calcium in the body with food, excessive consumption of alcohol and coffee contributes to the excretion of calcium from the body.
The next experiment that we conducted showed that calcium is excreted not only from bones during a person's life, but also from tooth enamel. We put the egg in a solution of acetic acid and pulled it out after 12 hours. Changes occurred with the egg that was in the vinegar. Eggshells are made of calcium carbonate, while vinegar is an acid that dissolves calcium. The chemical process between the substances in the egg shell and acetic acid is called decalcification and it takes place in two stages. At first the shell becomes soft, and then disappears completely. The same processes occur in tooth enamel. This experience shows that calcium is also excreted from the teeth. The lack of minerals of organic origin in tooth enamel is the main reason for their terrible condition. The main reason for this is insufficient absorption of calcium by the cells of our body. More often we eat boiled food and those products that industry supplies us with: highly refined flour, sugar, rice, fats, that is, everything that is devoid of trace elements. Such food does not supply us with a sufficient amount of calcium in the body, which means that its required amount does not accumulate in the body.
In the next experiment, I wanted to demonstrate that ordinary foods (these are various drinks) that we consume every day lead to the removal of calcium from our body.
I poured cocoa, coffee, tea, juice, sparkling water (soda) into glasses. After 12 hours, she drew conclusions from her observations. Coffee, cocoa, tea, juice, sparkling water are non-aggressive liquids and decalcification does not occur. However, the original color of the egg remained only in a glass of water. In drinks such as coffee, cocoa, juice, the egg shell changed its color, but remained hard to the touch. Since tooth enamel consists of calcium, it means that with prolonged exposure to the presented liquids, a gradual change in its color will occur. This means that the enamel of the teeth will have an ugly color. And their constant exposure will subsequently lead to the destruction of tooth enamel. But what kind of person or child would refuse to drink their favorite drinks. The answer here is simple, it is necessary to comply with the norms for the consumption of these drinks, then the calcium that has entered the body will accumulate, and is normally spent on our vital processes.
The next stage of my work was to find out how children of my age eat. The purpose of the study is to find out whether this group of adolescents eats properly and how often calcium-rich foods enter their bodies. To do this, I conducted a survey where the students of my class answered questions about rational nutrition. A total of 20 people took part in the survey (Diagram 1).
Based on its results, I found out that only 3 people know the rules of healthy eating and eat right. 11 people try to eat rationally, but may not follow the diet and sometimes allow themselves to consume foods that are harmful to the body. Of the 6 people surveyed, it can be said with certainty that they do not comply with the norms and regimen of rational nutrition. The data obtained give me the opportunity to theoretically estimate that 85% of the respondents receive an insufficient amount of calcium into the body, and therefore accumulate in it to a lesser extent. And only 15% of students can get enough calcium from food into the body.
I also studied the medical records of my classmates and found out that out of 20 students, 11 have an incorrect posture, an exact diagnosis of spinal curvature (scoliosis) has not been identified, but three people have a great danger of this diagnosis. These findings theoretically prove that 55% of the guys in the body receives an insufficient amount of calcium.
All these processes are malnutrition, poor posture, curvature of the spine, due to which, an insufficient amount of calcium is supplied, can and most likely be preceded by stressful situations caused by non-compliance with the daily regimen, overstrain during the school day. To find out if the students in my class are stressed, I also conducted a survey. And I found out that almost 30% (6 people) (Diagram 2) are constantly in pre-stress situations or in a state of anxiety caused by various factors. Basically, this is self-doubt, which is determined by uncertainty in educational activities.
It is known that calcium is especially intensively excreted from the body during stress and extreme nervous stress. Therefore, in these six guys, the accumulated calcium can be excreted from the body, which means that its reserves can be depleted.
Since the main accumulation of calcium occurs from birth, and it is wasted throughout life, guys who have poor posture, poor nutrition and stress are at risk.
So, what to do in order not to fall into the risk group and accumulate enough calcium at a young age to properly spend it on vital processes throughout our lives.
Findings from my research.
1. Our body cannot produce calcium. The human body, like all plants and animals, needs calcium to carry out metabolic processes. It plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses, the regulation of blood pressure and blood clotting. Calcium is the basis of bone tissue and teeth. Bones are the largest storage of minerals in our body. If you do not get enough calcium from food, the body will take it for its needs from your own bones. It is necessary to adhere to a proper diet, and if there is a lack of calcium in it, take nutritional supplements containing it. Foods high in calcium: milk and dairy products such as cheese and cottage cheese; greens, especially cabbage and broccoli; fish and other seafood. What should a person do if his diet lacks calcium? You can replenish its reserves by taking nutritional supplements agreed with your doctor.
2. The body uses calcium to regulate metabolic processes. Calcium can help regulate blood pressure, which is very important for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
3. The International Health Organization has set a daily calcium requirement of 1,000 mg for each adult. For women over 50 years of age, the need increases slightly and is equal to 1200 mg.
4. Lack of calcium causes osteoporosis and other bone diseases. When the body is forced to take calcium from the bones, they begin to lose their strength and become prone to fracture. Osteoporosis especially often develops in women, for this reason their daily calcium intake is somewhat higher than that of men. Children who do not get enough calcium stop growing and their bones become distorted.
5. An essential partner of calcium is vitamin D. The human body needs a sufficient amount of vitamin D to enable it to absorb calcium. You can eat a wide variety of foods containing calcium, but without vitamin D, your body simply cannot absorb even part of the received mineral. Calcium is an essential nutrient that is vital for our body. It is necessary to carefully monitor calcium intake, make sure it is sufficient.
Everything should be in order!
Conclusion
How complex man is! The entire periodic table is in it. The lack of a single mineral or element - and so much trouble! Man is a chemical factory, where the most complex processes are constantly going on. The task of a person is to monitor the work of this factory. We must take care of our health from childhood!
Based on the conclusions of my research work, the goal that I put forward at the beginning was achieved. The hypothesis is confirmed, since from the studies I have conducted, it can be said with confidence that calcium must be accumulated from childhood. Proper nutrition, adherence to the daily routine, the correct distribution of mental and physical activity, will ensure the accumulation of minerals, and hence the normal life of an adult.
Applications
Attachment 1.
Are you eating right.
Answer the questions "yes" or "no". Answer "yes" = 1 point, answer "no" = 0.
1. Do you have a varied diet?
2. Are there vegetables in your diet every day (doesn't matter in what form)?
3. Do you find the time and energy to eat, even if you are sick or very tired or just busy with important work?
4. Do you eat fruits (drink juices) daily?
5. Do you eat rice, buckwheat, oatmeal and other grains at least three times a week?
6. Do you drink water, juices 20-30 minutes before meals, instead of drinking after or during meals?
7. Do you eat seafood or fish at least 2 times a week?
8. Do you have breakfast every day?
9. Do you avoid energy drinks?
10. Do you avoid sugary soda?
11. Do you drink at least 6-8 glasses of pure (mineral) water daily?
12. Do you avoid foods high in sugar?
13. Do you buy products containing dyes, preservatives with additives E?
14. If you are stressed, in a bad mood, do you try to solve the problem, and do not rush to the refrigerator to “seize” it?
15. Do you arrange fasting days, at least twice a month?
16. Do you eat on the run, do you chew your food thoroughly?
17. Do you eat any raw foods without heat treatment (fresh vegetables, berries, fruits, natural juices) 4-5 times a week?
18. Will you never allow yourself to eat fatty, starchy, heavy food (dumplings, belyashi, chops, etc.) at night?
19. Do you know about food compatibility?
20. Do you read while eating or watch TV?
Count the number of "yes" answers. If you have:
17-20 points - You know the rules of healthy eating. If you continue to adhere to your principles, you will bypass many different diseases.
12-16 - You try to eat rationally. But still, you need to learn more about the basic principles of a healthy diet. Remember one simple truth: "Food is both health and poison for our body." It all depends on what kind of food and diet you choose. Try to change your eating habits, and you will be rewarded - this is excellent health, cheerfulness, a slim figure.
11 points or less - Don't play with your health. You don't know the rules of healthy eating very well.
Appendix 2
Child stress test.
Target: find out if you are stressed.
Instruction: Read the list of statements. Your task is to express the degree of your agreement with them, using the following scale:
10. I suffer from lack of appetite.
11. I often worry for no reason.
12. I feel bad in the morning.
13. I feel tired and sleep badly.
14. I don't feel well after a long sleep.
15. I think that my heart is not in order.
16. I have pain in my back and neck.
17. When I sit at the table, I drum my fingers on the table and shake my leg.
18. I want to be praised for what I do.
19. I think that I am better than many.
20. I don't diet.
Evaluation scale:
30 points or less:You live calmly and reasonably, manage to cope with the problems that arise. You do not suffer from false ambition or excessive modesty. These people often see themselves in a rosy light.
31-45 points: Your life is filled with activity and tension, you suffer from stress both in the positive sense of the word (ie you have the desire to achieve something) and in the negative. Apparently, you will not change your lifestyle, but leave some time for yourself.
46-60 points: Your life is a constant struggle you dream of a career. The opinions of others are important to you, and this keeps you stressed. If you continue in the same spirit, you will achieve a lot, but it is unlikely that it will bring you joy. Avoid unnecessary disputes, pacify your anger caused by small things. Do not try to always achieve the maximum result. Give yourself a break from time to time.
61 points or more: You live like a car driver who simultaneously presses on the gas and brakes. Change your lifestyle. The stress you are exposed to threatens both your health and your future.
Sources of information
1. Abramova T., "Be healthy!" No. 4, 2001
2. Dambacher M.A., Shakht E. Osteoporosis and active vitamin D metabolites: thoughts that come to mind. // EULAR Publishers, Basle, 1996, trans. from English. E.Khanukova, S.Y.S. Publishing, Moscow, 1996, 140 p.
3. Rozhinskaya L.Ya., L.K. Dzeranova, E.I. Marova, N.I. Sazonova, B.P. Mishchenko, G.S. Kolesnikova, N.I. Sergeeva. The use of calcium and vitamin D for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.// Osteoporosis and osteopathy. 2001. No. 1, pp. 29–33.
4. Skalny A.V. Human microelementoses (diagnosis and treatment). Moscow. Ed. "Scientific World", 1999.
5. Schwartz G.Ya. Vitamin D, D-hormone and alfacalcidol: molecular biological and pharmacological aspects of action. // Osteoporosis and osteopathy. 1998, No. 3, pp. 2–6
6. Schwartz G.Ya. Vitamin D preparations. In the book. Medicines for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Moscow, Medical Information Agency (MIA), 2002, p.
7. http://kalarov.narod.ru/Znahar/kalciy.htm
8. http://www.healthy-smile.info/articles/57-calcium
9. http://www.tvoymalysh.com/
10. http://livescience.ru
11. http://wunderkind-blog.ru
12. "Modern medical encyclopedia", St. Petersburg, "Norint", 2004.
Endocrine system
The work of the heart
Blood clotting
Growth and development
bone tissue
Centre. nervous system
Daily intake
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| Reference book of consumption norms | ||||
Calcium is a structural macroelement, the content of which exceeds in its content all other elements in the body (except for organogenic elements).
The total amount of calcium in an adult can be more than one kilogram.
Almost all (99%) calcium in the body is found in the teeth and bones of the skeleton, and only about 1% - in all other organs, tissues and biological fluids.
First of all, calcium is the most important structural component of bones and teeth.
Calcium also regulates the permeability of cell membranes, and also initiates cell responses to various external stimuli. The presence of calcium in cells or in the extracellular environment causes cell differentiation, as well as muscle contraction, secretion and peristalsis. Calcium regulates the activity of many enzymes (including enzymes of blood coagulation systems). Calcium regulates the work of some endocrine glands, has a desensitizing and anti-inflammatory effect.
In many foods of plant origin, calcium is contained in the form of sparingly soluble compounds (phosphates, carbonates, oxalates), which causes its poor absorption from them. The most important source of calcium is milk (120mg/100g) and dairy products (especially cheese, containing about 1000mg/100g). Due to dairy products, up to 80% of a person's physiological need for calcium is satisfied.
Among plant products, calcium is the richest in kelp, nuts and seeds, such as almonds, hazelnuts, sesame, pistachios, beans, figs, rutabaga, broccoli, cabbage, horseradish, parsley, onions, dried apricots, apples, etc.
An additional significant source of calcium are specially fortified foods (juices and flour).
Calcium is needed for a person not only for health, calcium is needed for life. Calcium is the basis of the human body: bones, nails, all tissues, hair and teeth.
Calcium is very common in the world around. Plants, earth, water, all contain calcium in the form of organic and non-organic compounds. These are mainly calcium salts: phosphate, carbonate, sulfate. There would seem to be so much calcium around us. Calcium is found in water, in the ground, and in plants, and calcium deficiency in people is growing every year. What's the matter? The problem is that calcium is very poorly absorbed by the body.
The role of calcium in the body.
Calcium is a building material, it forms bones, hair, teeth, nails. Normalizes acid-base balance. Calcium is important for the regulation of cell growth and division in all types of tissues. It has anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Provides the processes of normal blood clotting. Very important for the muscular system (skeletal and smooth muscles) and its function. Calcium governs all kinds of movements. Regulates the work of the heart muscle. Participates in the conduction of nerve impulses, normalizes the excitability of nerve fibers. Improves psycho-emotional state and sleep. Essential for the fertilization process. Deficiency of calcium ions is one of the causes of female and male infertility.
Calcium is the most important element.
Based on the knowledge of ancient Chinese and Oriental medicine, the NNPTSTO company has created an exclusive product "Kalmin". It is composed of fully balanced minerals, vitamins and amino acids, which ensured the highest degree of absorption of calcium. The average human body contains 2.5 kg. calcium. Its bulk, 99%, is in bone tissue, hair, nails - in the idea of salts. 1% of calcium is part of the blood, interstitial fluid and other body fluids.
On average, an adult should consume 1 gram of calcium per day. Its deficiency leads to the development of osteoporosis. Throughout life, the need for calcium can change. But it is invariable that every person needs calcium throughout his life.
In 1932, the scientist Otto Warburg received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for proving that cancer only develops when the body experiences a lack of oxygen in the blood. The lack of oxygen in the blood leads to acidification of the liquid media of our body, which creates a favorable environment for the development of malignant cells.
In 1967 American physician Dr. Carl Rieger concluded that it is calcium that can help fight cancer cells. In the study of blood tests in patients with cancer in stages III-IV, he became convinced that they have a serious lack of calcium in the body and thus concluded that one of the main roles of calcium in the body is to balance pH.
Recent studies have shown that calcium is an essential trace element and its deficiency causes more than 150 diseases, from conception to the end of life. Therefore, the use of Kalmin, even for the purpose of prevention, will help reduce the risk of many diseases.
In order to get the daily norm of calcium you need: 1 liter of natural milk, eat 433 g of milk chocolate or 26 eggs in one day.
All food we eat is fried, boiled or canned. 80% of the foods we eat are acidic. And for normal nutrition, they should be no more than 20%. As a result, we create in our body a favorable environment for the development of oncological diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular diseases and many others.
Let's think about how we can remove the acidity of our body?
The Americans have found that the acidity of Coca Cola is ten times higher than that of other drinks, and in order to remove the acidity of one glass of this drink, you will have to drink 35 glasses of pure water!
How can you remove problems with increasing acidification of the blood? The answer is simple - calcium!
Calcium is an alkaline mineral that maintains a blood pH of 7.0-7.34. The very process of maintaining the acid-base balance in the body requires a large amount of calcium. The body does not receive enough calcium from food, begins to pull it out of the bones, as a result of which osteoporosis begins to develop.
With the use of "Kalmin" we begin almost all prevention and rehabilitation programs. Abundant 
drinking and alkaline foods are your guarantee of health and longevity. By the age of 38, the accumulation of calcium in the body reaches the limit. During pregnancy, childbirth and lactation, a woman loses a large amount of calcium. At the time of childbirth, the loss of calcium is 30g, and each breastfeeding takes 300mg. The very intense loss of calcium in the body begins after 40 years. After menopause, a woman loses 1kg. bone mass annually. By the age of 70, the loss of calcium is 50%, as a result of which the growth of an elderly person decreases, fractures become more frequent, and osteoporosis progresses. As a rule, fractures after 70 years practically do not grow together, especially fractures of the lower extremities. An elderly person loses mobility and if he has a weak heart, then this gradually leads to death.
Let's keep our health young.
"Kalmin" for prophylactic purposes should be consumed from childhood, especially in adolescence during rapid growth and hormonal changes in the body. Calcium should be consumed during various diseases, stress, during pregnancy and lactation, athletes and all women over 40 years of age.
It is best that "CALMIN" be present in the daily diet. In addition, "Kalmin" is not only a source of calcium - it is a balanced food product for the cells of our body.
Firstly, this is an insufficient intake of calcium from food. Unbalanced diet low in minerals.
The second is diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Decreased activity of enzymatic glands, lack of vitamin D and unsaturated fatty acids.
Thirdly, it can be caused by excessive consumption of carbonated drinks, foods rich in carbohydrates (sweets, bread and grain products).
Fourth, it can be caused by a reduced activity of sex hormones (estrogens and androgens), especially in women and men over 40 years of age. Prolonged use of hormonal drugs and oral contraceptives.
Calcium in the human body: video
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Since calcium is the main element of bone tissue, its sufficient content in the body is important for the proper formation and development of the bone skeleton and preventing bone fragility. Especially pregnant and lactating women and children in the period of active growth need calcium. In older people, calcium deficiency often causes osteoporosis.
The processes of excitation and inhibition in the brain and their balance directly depend on this element - calcium is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses. Calcium is also important for the normal permeability of cell membranes and blood vessels, and therefore plays an important role in normal metabolism.
In order for the baby’s teeth to grow strong and beautiful, the mother needs to take care of a sufficient amount of calcium in his body.
The stability of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, blood clotting, muscle contraction, the production of necessary hormones and enzymes and their activity - all this also depends on calcium. Possessing anti-allergic properties, calcium reduces the manifestations of allergic reactions and is used to prevent and treat diseases such as Quincke's edema, bronchial asthma, urticaria, hay fever, and so on.
Calcium helps rid the body of salts of heavy metals and radionuclides, lowers blood pressure, provides sound and healthy sleep, relieves fatigue and stress, and has a positive effect on overall well-being.
A lack of calcium in the body can lead to:
Caffeine, nicotine and alcohol contribute to the intensive removal of calcium from the human body and lead to its deficiency.
People suffering from chronic calcium deficiency often experience involuntary muscle contractions, bleeding gums and tooth decay, are more susceptible to infections, and have poor physical and mental stress.
After 30 years, the human body begins to lose calcium especially intensively, and if the problem of deficiency of this microelement is left unattended for a long time, then not only the appearance (the condition of the teeth, skin, hair and nails) and mood worsens, but there is also a huge risk of developing serious diseases and reduction in life expectancy.
Calcium is best absorbed at night, because it is at night that the parathyroid glands work especially actively.
Those who constantly work indoors should not forget that vitamin D, which is produced by the body under the action of the sun, is necessary for the absorption of calcium. Lack of calcium and vitamin D is the cause of serious diseases such as osteoporosis and osteomalacia - softening of the bones (sometimes osteomalacia is also called "adult rickets").
In addition, a lack of calcium can cause an incurable neurological disease - multiple sclerosis. Most often, this disease develops after 40 years, however, with acute calcium deficiency, it can occur even earlier.
Calcium is found in:
From vegetables, young turnips with tops, spinach, onions, carrots, cucumbers, beets, green beans, celery, dill and parsley are especially rich in calcium, from berries and fruits - gooseberries, blackberries, currants, grapes, strawberries, strawberries, grapes, oranges, peaches , pineapples, cherries. An excellent source of calcium for the body are bran, honey and dairy products.
A large amount of calcium is found in sesame seeds and rooibos tea.
There are more than 70 different elements in the human body. Of these, the highest content calcium- about 20 g for every 1 kg of body weight, or 1-1.5 kg for an adult. This is one of the most important elements that provides bone strength, support for the heart, central nervous system and many other systems. Therefore, foods enriched with calcium should be included in the human diet from a very early age.
Calcium is directly involved in the most complex processes, including blood clotting, maintaining a balance between excitation and inhibition of the cerebral cortex, glycogen breakdown, and ensuring the permeability of the vascular walls. It is very important for children to consume enough of this element for normal growth and development of the skeleton.
The main function of calcium in the body is that it acts as a structural material from which teeth and bones are formed. In bone tissue, the macroelement is contained in two forms - in free and bound. If the free-form reserves of the mineral are depleted, the body begins to extract and use calcium from the bones. This is necessary to maintain its normal level in the blood. Every year in the body of an adult, all bones are renewed by 20%, and calcium is needed for the normal course of these processes.
Sources of calcium
The mineral is necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses - it activates the action of enzymes that are involved in the production of neurotransmitters. Since calcium maintains the excitability of nerve tissues and muscle contractility, its deficiency causes muscle spasms and cramps, as well as tingling in the feet and wrists.
The macronutrient makes it difficult for the intestines to absorb saturated fats, resulting in lower blood cholesterol levels. Together with magnesium, sodium and potassium, it normalizes blood pressure. The mineral also acts on muscle contractions, including the myocardium, thus coordinating the heartbeat. At the same time, it is one of the elements involved in the formation of blood clots, which clog the sites of tissue ruptures. Therefore, an excess of a macronutrient in the body should not be allowed.
The presence of a mineral in the plasma is necessary for the blood to clot normally. It enhances the action of vitamin K - the main factor that maintains normal blood clotting.
Calcium affects membrane permeability. It is essential for transporting nutrients and other compounds across cell membranes. The element also strengthens the connective tissue of cells.
The mineral helps to strengthen the immune system, and also has a desensitizing and anti-inflammatory effect on the functions of the endocrine glands. This contributes to the production and activation of many enzymes and hormones involved in the processes of digestion, salivation, fat and energy metabolism. Calcium also helps neutralize acids in the body, restoring the acid-base balance.
Calcium- a common macronutrient in the body of plants, animals and humans. In humans and other vertebrates, most of it is in the skeleton and teeth. Calcium is found in bones in the form of hydroxyapatite. The "skeletons" of most groups of invertebrates (sponges, coral polyps, mollusks, etc.) consist of various forms of calcium carbonate (lime). Calcium ions are involved in blood coagulation processes, and also serve as one of the universal second messengers inside cells and regulate a variety of intracellular processes - muscle contraction, exocytosis, including the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters. The concentration of calcium in the cytoplasm of human cells is about 10 −4 mmol/l, in intercellular fluids about 2.5 mmol/l.
All diseases that occur due to impaired calcium metabolism are divided into 3 groups:
The lack of calcium in the body in the initial stages can be suspected by increased fatigue, lethargy, bone pain and muscle spasms. If you ignore these signs, they will only get worse, causing more serious symptoms and consequences:
Developing decalcification of the skeleton (element deficiency in bone tissue) provokes:
Laboratory tests show hypocalcemia (low concentration of the mineral in the blood) and hypocalcinosis (reduced macronutrient levels in lime-containing organs, including bones).
Lack of calcium provokes the development of a number of serious diseases. Depending on the characteristics of the organism, it can lead to disturbances in the functioning of the intestines, kidneys, and cardiovascular system.
Many intestinal disorders are associated with difficulty in the absorption of calcium and vitamin D. This leads to the development of osteomalacia, a disease in which bone tissue softens and deforms, as mineral metabolism is disturbed. Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies are often caused by inadequate intake, increased excretion of fat in the feces, malabsorption, or a combination of several factors.
With a lack of mineral in the bone tissue, the formation of calcium kidney stones (the medical name is calcium nephrolithiasis) is possible. The disease is accompanied by pain, nausea, blood in the urine, swelling. If left untreated, kidney failure may develop.
Calcium is involved in maintaining normal blood pressure. If its level in the body decreases, the pressure begins to rise, leading to hypertension.
Experts identify various causes leading to calcium deficiency. Among them:
At risk are pregnant and breastfeeding women, women after menopause, as well as children and adolescents experiencing active growth. During these periods, calcium consumption increases sharply. It can also be provoked by frequent stress and bad habits - smoking, excessive consumption of caffeinated products (coffee, coca-cola, cocoa).
Calcium tablets
An overdose of calcium occurs with regular consumption of more than 2.5 g per day and with violations of the metabolism of this mineral in the body. This is a rare occurrence, but it can provoke extremely undesirable consequences.
Excessive accumulation of calcium in the body is provoked by the following factors:
An excess of calcium in the body can be suspected by reducing the tone of smooth muscles, inhibiting the excitability of nerve fibers, and increasing blood clotting. Laboratory analyzes record excessive excretion of zinc, iron, magnesium and phosphorus from the body, an increase in the level of calcium salts in the urine, as well as in soft tissues and organs, in which they should not be in an undissolved state.
With prolonged overdose, development is possible:
An adult should consume 0.8 to 1 g of calcium every day. It is not necessary to take vitamin and mineral complexes for this. It is enough to adjust the diet.
The following foods contain the most calcium:
Calcium is best absorbed from food, which, along with calcium, contains vitamins D, C, group B and phosphorus. These are the following products:
There are many foods fortified with calcium in stores. This is low-fat milk, cottage cheese, some varieties of hard cheeses, kefir. They provide the body with an additional amount of an important macronutrient. Nevertheless, it is recommended to simply drink milk enriched with calcium and vitamin D at the same time, without which the mineral is not absorbed. The use of several glasses of milk daily provides prevention of the development of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases, improves metabolism. For hypertensive patients, this is an effective way to normalize blood pressure. Instead of milk, you can take dietary supplements with calcium and vitamin D, but it is important to follow the dosage indicated in the instructions.
The body does not absorb all the calcium that comes from food. The digestibility of the mineral from milk reaches only 30%, from plant products - 50%. This process is hampered by excess potassium, phosphorus and magnesium, as well as deficiency and excess of fats.
To improve the digestibility of a macronutrient, you must adhere to the following rules:
Some non-dairy sources of calcium interfere with calcium absorption. So, fiber from wheat bran impairs the absorption of the mineral. Although the calcium content of dark green leafy vegetables is high, oxalic acid makes it difficult to absorb. Therefore, it is useful to eat turnips, broccoli and white cabbage. There is little oxalic acid in these products, so calcium is well absorbed from them.
