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On September 1, the Commander of the Black Sea Fleet reported to the Military Council of the front plan and the procedure for conducting an argument operation. For the landing of the marine landing and its collateral, he allocated combat ships, auxiliary vessels, bots and barcases. A total of 147 units that were combined into the detachments and groups that in turn concrete tasks in turn.

Ships, intended for landing, were divided into three detachments: the first - 59, the second - 19 and the third - 26 units. The detachment of the landing landing, which included 40 boats consisted of four groups. The first group was tasked with the destruction of Bone-based bonds at the entrance gates of the Novorossiysk Port and the expansion of the already existing passages for boats with the landing. Following this, the second and third groups, having broken into the port, had to attack the West Bank of the Cemesky Bay and the port of berths, suppressing the enemy's defense there. For the fourth group, the cover of the landing operation from the sea was penalted.

The detachment of fire support landing the landing consisted of three squadded destroyers. In front of him there was a challenge to suppress at the time of his disembarking of the ship artillery of the main caliber of the enemy's battery in the areas of southern Lake, Glebovka, Vasilievka and Borisovka.

To ensure the landing of the seabed in the Cemes Bay and the enemy defense breakthrough, in the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk were attracted, in addition to military artillery and mortars, eight artillery regiments, an artillery brigade of high power (203-mm) and mortar regiment. Total 800 guns and mortars. In addition, 277 installations of reactive artillery were concentrated on the main directions. This made it possible to create a density divisions from 85 to 250 to 250 guns and mortars per 1 km, and at least 52 units of artillery in the landing sites.

For aviation support, the operation in the Novorossiysk direction was allocated a group of 148 aircraft (58 fighters, 36 attack aircraft and 54 bombers).

For 15 days even before the operation, the artillery group (50 guns 152-mm and 203-mm) by the methodical fire destroyed the defensive structures of the enemy. Small detachments of the 9th and 58th armies from September 5 distracted in their bands attention of the enemy from the preparing hit. Thanks to this, the Novorossiysk-Taman offensive operation, which began on the night of September 10, the landing of landing units in the Novorossiysk area after the powerful strike of aviation and artillery on the enemy in the landing places was a complete surprise for the German command. As it turned out, it could not assume such a large-scale offensive of the Soviet troops here.

While aviation and artillery applied massive strikes, the group of boats acting ahead of the landing vessels torpedoing the firing points of the enemy on the malls, destroyed the bonne and mine barriers at the entrance gates of the Novorossiysk port. The second group of boats broke into the bay caused a torpedo blow to firepoints on the shore and piernes. Following this, landing ships were included in the bay, which landed the first groups of the landing squad. At the same time, the 1339th rifle regiment of the 318th Rifle Division began landing from East Mall, having met only a minor opponent resistance.

Commander of the 56th Army A.A. Grechko (fourth right) among officers and generals of the 11th Guards Corps

In the course of the Novorossiysk-Taman offensive operation, the troops of the North Caucasian Front caused damage to the Taman group of the enemy, eliminating his operational bridgeheads in the Kuban, who provided the Worthos Defense of the Crimea from the East. For Soviet troops, favorable conditions were created for subsequent operations to liberate the Crimean Peninsula.

In this operation, the soldiers of the Red Army passed with battles more than 150 km, caused a heavy defeat of German 9, 50, 73, 79, 98, 125, 370th infantry and 101th light-resistant divisions, Romanian 4th Mornetralkova, 9th Cavalry , 19th and 10 infantry divisions. The enemy lost over 36 thousand soldiers and officers killed and about 4 thousand prisoners.

Commander of the army of the North Caucasian Front I.E. Petrov (right) and commander of artillery A.K. Sivkov. Taman Peninsula, 1943

The troops of the North Caucasus front were awarded thanks to the Supreme Commander, and many parts and compounds received the name of Novorossiysk, Taman, "Anapskiy", "Kuban" and "Temryuk". In 1961, a monument was opened in the Square of Freedom in Novorossiysk in honor of the mass adherence. Its authors are sculptors I. Schmagun and N. Timin. Architects K. Mikhailov and E. Lashuk.

Monument "Warriors - defenders of the city of Novorossiysk". Sculptors I.P. Shmagun and N. Timin. Architects KM Mikhailov and E.G. Lashuk. Opened in 1961

The liberation of Novorossiysk largely contributed to the competently organized and bolded landing of the marine assault directly in the Cemes Bay. Despite the difficulties associated with landing in a highly fortified port, compounds and parts of the 18th Army, as well as the forces of the Black Sea Fleet successfully completed the task set before them. This was achieved due to the bold conduct of the operation, the use of a number of new tactical techniques, as well as the mass heroism of Soviet soldiers.

However, the Novorossiysk-Taman operation proceeded not always smoothly. The conditions of the terrain allowed the actions of the advancing only on very narrow, separated from each other, which shy their maneuver and allowed the enemy under the cover of relatively small arielices to divert their forces to the next, pre-equipped defensive line.

In addition, the intelligence was organized so unsatisfactory that the troops, starting an offensive, often did not know the true inscription in the forefront of the enemy defense. The interaction of the childbirth of the troops was planned in the headquarters fuzzy, and poorly in the troops are organized poorly. Even such interaction during the battle is often broken, and commanders of parts and compounds with their headquarters did not take proper measures to restore it.

The lack of clarity in the leadership of the Communities by the Army commander and fear to exercise an excessive initiative to individual commanders did not allow to properly implement the instructions of the Supreme Commanding rate in full. After the Blue Line breakthrough, the onset of the armies of the front actually resulted in the persecution of the opponent under the cover of his arielices.

Sergey Samoilov, Head of the Department of the Research Institute
(military history) of the Military Academy
General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Successes in battles near Stalingrad allowed the Red Army to collect forces for the onset of south. In early 1943, the troops of the Transcaucasian Front managed to displace the enemy from the Caucasus. It threatened the Kuban group of invaders to be pressed against the Black Sea.

In the plans of German invaders, this development was not part of the events, their command decided to prepare for defense.

What is a "blue line"

In February-May 1943, when the landing squad Caesar Kunikova was heroally defended in Novorossiysk, the occupiers built a powerful system of defensive structures into Kuban, it was called "Gotenkopf" (literal translation of the Gote Head) or "Blue Line". She stretched from the Kurchansky Limana of the Azov Sea to Black - from the Uberman to Novorossiysk. In total during World War II, there were two more such fortifications - the Maginos line in France and the Mannerheim line in Finland.

The construction of the "Blue Line" invaders beat literally all the local population. Captured kubans were cut by trenches, trenches and anti-tank pivops in the literal sense of the word under the dowl of machine guns.

Gothenkopf Rubbers posed 577 closed firing facilities, 37.5 kilometers of minefields, up to 500 meters wide, a density of 2,500 minutes per kilometer, as well as 12 kilometers of forest duties in the mountains. The depth of the line reached six kilometers.

All local settlements of the Germans made reference points, the wired wire and mined the roads and approaches. The most durable buildings equipped under firepoints, the approaches to them block them.

The "Blue line" guarded the 17th Army of the Wehrmacht. Its number reached 400 thousand people, 2,860 guns and mortars, over 100 tanks and assault guns, 300 aircraft. Having retreated from the Caucasus, the army firmly focused on the Taman Peninsula. Being here, the Germans covered the Crimea and had a bridgehead for repeated offensive in the Caucasus.

To take such frontiers from the downtime would hardly happen, although the Soviet command in March took some unsuccessful attempts. I encountered on the line, the troops of the North Caucasian Front moved to defense and began to prepare for the defeat of the Germans on the Taman Peninsula. Another task was not stood.

First attempt to breakthrough

On April 19, 1943, Marshal Zhukov arrived in the command post, which was located behind the village of Abinsky. He carefully studied the terrain, the cards visited the corps and divisions. The legendary commander personally made the plan of the first offensive.

On April 29, the Red Army attempted the Blue Line breakthrough. Six days of fierce fighting allowed the 56th Army to master only one node of German defense - the village of Crimean.

Further onset of the Red Army in the area of \u200b\u200bthe villages of the Kiev and Moldavian Germans were able to stop, including powerful blows from the air.

They were carried out 1,400 German aircraft operating from the bases in the Crimean Peninsula.

In the sky over Kuban, the cruel aviation battles like which was not in history. Every hour in the sky rose hundreds of aircraft.

The best German aces, for example, Erich Hartman participated in the battles. The legendary pilots participated from the Soviets in air battles. Only for April 1943, Alexander Pokshkinn hit 10 German aircraft. Then he got his first title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

It was during this intense spring of 1943 that a special way of airlinalet was formed, called the "Kuban sheer". Nightmare enemy raids of the famous "night witches."

Nevertheless, by May 15, the Soviet army could not develop the success of the first offensive and suspended it.

Subsequent offensive

After the liberation of the Crimean troops of the North Caucasian Front, began preparations for the next offensive. The breakthrough was planned between Kievan and Moldovan with promotion to Varenikovskaya and Gostagaevskaya. May 26, our troops moved into battle.

One of the key points was the height of 121.4, named later "Stop of Heroes". Airplanes, tanks and mortars on both sides poured this land with metal. In the battles for height killed 16 thousand people.

The Soviet Army managed to advance by 3-5 kilometers deep into the "blue line", until a complete breakthrough remained quite a bit, but he never took place. On May 30, the offensive was suspended and resumed on June 2. On June 5, the commander of the Troops of the Front Ivan Petrov gave an order to stop the offensive. The parties fell into the faith: the Red Army could not complete the breakthrough, and the Germans were unable to return to the previous positions.

During the summer on the whole line there were stubborn battles. And a huge role in these battles played Soviet intelligence, because to fight against the enemy well fixed on the ground was extremely difficult.

At the end of June 1943, the collapse of the 317th Rifle Division received a task to seize the prisoner in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Nizhne Greek and find out if there were no changes in the enemy grouping.

After a thorough inspection of the opponent's defense, the commander of the commander Senior Lieutenant Ganzha chose the object suitable for surgery - Dzot behind the front edge of the Blue Line, 500 meters south-west of the lower Greek.

The intermarpter was collected from 16 people: 5 fighters for capture, 8 - in a subgroup of support and 3 sappers.

The sappers removed the minefield, carried out a passage in a wire bar and waited for scouts. Fighters from support occupied a good place to keep fire.

A group of capture, headed by Lieutenant Tkachenko, meanwhile, bypassing the jot from the rear, broke into it, but he turned out to be empty. Germans were here only during the day. Then the lieutenant decided to move on, leaving two scouts from Zotka. Having passed deep into the redarmeys found two dirty, one of them was locked from the inside, but the second was opened.

Tkachenko with two scouts gently penetrated inside, one scout left the door outside, the other - between the dugouts. Lieutenant lit a flashlight and saw two German soldiers. At that time, the board creaked under his feet, one of the sleeping woke up and immediately grabbed the machine. Tkachenko shot him, and the second German did not risk life and surrendered.

The group returned, just knowing that sappers and support are covered. But their assistance was not required, the operation was performed without unnecessary shots. Such reconciliation allowed the troops on time to learn about the situation on the other side of the line.

The development of events affected the battles in the East of Ukraine. The promotion of the Soviet army put the Taman grouping of the enemy in a difficult situation - they threatened the environment if they did not move back to the West. And on September 3, Hitler gave an order to withdraw the troops from Kuban.

Such a turn of affairs, the Soviet command assumed and gave the instructions to the commander of the North Caucasian front, to prepare an offensive operation in order to complete the defeat of the Taman group of the enemy and prevent its departure to the Crimea.

Novorossiysk-Taman operation

In August 1943, the troops of the North Caucasian front almost 1.5 times exceeded the enemy on infantry and artillery, did not give way to him in the number of tanks. Since as a result of large losses in air battles in the Kuban and Kursk arc, the number of German aviation significantly reduced, the enemy had on the Taman Peninsula and in the Crimea no more than 300 aircraft against over 1,000 aircraft of our 4th air army and the Black Sea Fleet.

The essence of the operation consisted in a split German grouping of a series of blows from the sea and sushi, with its further defeat in parts.

The 9th Army of Major Major Buckwhee, with the support of the Azov military flotilla, the counter-admiral Gorshkova was to lead an offensive along the Kurban River to Kurchanskaya, Temryuk, and the 56th Army of Lieutenant General Grechko - to Gladkovskaya and Gostagaevskaya. The main shot was applied by the 18th Army of Lieutenant Lieutenant Lieutenidze. She was tasked with the interaction with the forces of the Black Sea Fleet Vice-Admiral Vladimir to release Novorossiysk, after which it was to develop an offensive to Verkhnebakan and Anapa. Then the troops were supposed to step on the river crossing the Old Kuban river and not to give the enemy to escape in the Crimea.

Preparation for the operation was serious. The troops trained a breakthrough in special towns equipped in the mountains according to the German defense.

Within 15 days, before the start of the operation, the fire of artillery destroyed the defensive redoubts of the Germans. From September 5, the 9th and 58th armies detachments distracted the enemy's attention from the preparing strike, entering into battles in the specified areas. The main blow fell completely from the other side.

On the night of September 10, 1943, the landing of landing units in the Novorossiysk area after the powerful strike of aviation and artillery on the enemy in the landing places was a complete surprise for the German command. As it turned out, it could not assume such a large-scale offensive of the Soviet troops here.

By September 16, the enemy suffered a defeat in Novorossiysk and completely left the city. The breakthrough of the German defense here and the exit of the Soviet troops to the region of Guiduk was laid out the beginning of the defeat of the entire Taman group of invaders held by defense at the Blue Line.

The command of the Wehrmacht in the evening of September 15 gave an order about the discharge of the troops of the right wing and the center of the Blue Line. Using the terrain, the Germans retreat under cover, applying all types of barriers.

Departure, the Nazis provided serious resistance in the Varenikovskaya area on the left bank of the Shuhi River up to Novopokrovsky.

Due to the risk of climbing on the left, the German command of the troops with the frontiers, which their army managed to defend.

On September 21, Soviet troops came to the Checkon River, the village of Gostagayevskaya and to the top Jemet. It didn't work off this line, it was necessary to stop the stop to pull the rear and artillery. It took three days.

On September 24, the offensive continued, the 27th of the 9th Army released Temryuk. The 56th and 18th armies came out to the old Kuban and were connected to the sea landing arranged in Blagoveshchenskaya.

The Germans skillfully maneuvered between the limans and occupied heights, thanks to which they managed to restrain the Red Army with small forces. The time of the fortified heights left the time for which the Germans managed to evacuate on ships and aircraft. Soviet troops by the end of the day on October 9 were able to reach the Kerch crossing.

In the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk, the enemy feared the landing of our landings, so here he prepared a powerful anti-defense defense. All the coast up to Anapa was greatly fortified. The approaches to the city by the sea were covered with a dense system of women and jets, which were located in the western port. All pier, malls, port buildings were mined. Mines were installed not only on the coastline, but also on water and under water. Between Western and Eastern Mollas, the Germans have established bonostess barriers by connecting them with mines and fugas.

At the heights outside the city, the enemy equipped artillery observation points, which allowed him to adjust fire on any section of the bay. In addition, at these heights, he posted numerous artillery and mortar batteries that kept all the areas of the city under fire.

The very terrain in the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk allowed the enemy even with limited forces to hold their positions. At the same time, for the advancing troops, she created additional difficulties. A large ridge of the mountains north of Novorossiysk is covered with forests, roads and aisles are almost no. The offensive could only be held in separate directions.

This is the characteristics of the "blue line". A successful breakthrough of such powerful defense depended on the careful and comprehensive preparation of the operation.

It was clear to the Soviet command that it would be very difficult to break through the "Blue line" in the center. Because of the strongly wetlands, the Blue Line breakthrough was not expected and on its left wing. Only the right flank of the German defense remained for the strike in the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk, although due to mining and wooded terrain and this site was not ideal.

In addition, when choosing a place of the main strike, a sudden factor was taken into account. The enemy strengthened Novorossiysk and approaches to him, which was confident in the inaccessibility of his positions and was least waiting for the strike in this direction.

But the headquarters of the North Caucasian front managed to develop and hold a Novorossiysk-Taman strategic offensive operation, significantly accelerating the expulsion of the invaders from Novorossiysk and from the Taman Peninsula within a month - from September 10 to October 9, 1943.

Fights for Novorossiysk. The Novorossiysk-Taman operation was deployed on the night of September 10 by landing of landing units in the Novorossiysk area after the powerful blow of aviation and artillery in landing places.

On September 9, with the onset of twilight in the Gelendzhik Bay, landing of paratroopers on ships and courts of landing and landing facilities began.

About 800 of our guns and mortars, as well as a long-range artillery from the shore of the Cemessian bay, shot at the German positions. Art Protection began at 02.44, when all of our detachments went to the initial position. At the same time, aviation inflicted a bombing blow to the strengthening of the enemy in the port.

Our boats (25 units) from a breakthrough group under the command of the captain of the 2nd rank V.T. The prospekno hit the torpedo to the firing points of the enemy located on the eastern and western moles. After torpedo strikes, special assault groups were planted: 5 people on Western Mall and 13 - on Eastern. By 02.55 our sailors blew off the cable barrage at the port gate. A torpedo boats of the Attack Group of Captain-Lieutenant A.F. African in 02.56 rapidly broke into the port and attacked torpedoes enemy firepoints on the shore, pierces and marins.

As soon as the landing detachments tied the battles with the enemy in places of disembarking, at 3 o'clock 15 minutes, the main forces of the 18th Army were transferred to the offensive, that is, Eastern and Western land groups.

Despite the sufficiently strong artillery support, the part of the army, which arrived from the cement plant "October" and Meshak bridgehead, during September 10, embedded in the defense of the enemy by 500-700 meters, could not break through.

At this time, the troops of the 9th and 56th armies led reinforced exploration and finished preparations for the offensive.

The German command, seeking to delay the offensive of the 18th army's troops and prevent the breakthrough of defense, hastily threw the nearest reserves to the Novorossiysk area. In the city district, Mefodievsky acted as part of the 73rd Infantry Division, the 101st Hanroom Division and the Romanian 1st Gunning Division. In the western part of Novorossiysk and the village, the battle of the parties of the 4th Infantry Division of the Germans and the 4th Romanian Mountain Council division were launched. The price of large losses to the enemy was able to divide the detachment number 1, surround and isolate the detachment number 2, but failed to suspend the offensive of the detachment No. 3.

On the night of September 11, the landing detachment number 3 (1339 SP) was strengthened by the 1337th Rifle Regiment and the Marine Control Council of 500 people under the command of Major S.T. Grigoriev, who were successfully transferred and were planted at 4 o'clock in the area of \u200b\u200bthe power plant. The successful crossing of reinforcements by the landing and strengthening of the Eastern Land Group of the 18th Army with heavy tanks was crucial for the development of further offensive.

Parts of the 318th rifle division in the night battle broke the opponent's resistance and to 6 o'clock on September 11, breaking up the defense of the enemy in the region of the cement plant "October", connected with the divisions of the 1339th regiment, who had advancing from the area of \u200b\u200bthe power plant and the Turkish garden.

On this day, in the northern part of the Novorossiysk port, where the 393rd separate marine infantry battalion was planted, and on September 11, part of the forces of the 290th Rifle Regiment of the NKVD, fierce battles continued in the area of \u200b\u200bthe station and Elevator.

The Germans, seeking to eliminate our parts that have consolidated in the area of \u200b\u200bthe station and elevator, moved to violent counterattacks of infantry and tanks. In the Novorossiysk Harbor in German data, Soviet torpedo boats of TC-124 and 125 were swept, as well as the guard boats SKA-025, 032 and 084. At the same time, the opponent sought to prevent the development of the success of parts of the 318th Rifle Division. For this purpose, the enemy threw into the area of \u200b\u200bN / P Adamovich Balka to two infantry regiments, 20 tanks and the 191st division of assault guns.

At 7 o'clock on September 11, the 9th army passed into the offensive, inflicting strikes forces by the 11th Rifle Corps on the Keslerovo and the forces of two divisions - on Kalabatka and Red October. During the day, part of the 9th Army had a slight promotion and the opponent was not able to break through the defense. Nevertheless, in connection with the transition to the onset of the 9th Army, the German command was forced to introduce reserves into battle, which were in the area of \u200b\u200bthe N / P Kiev, Varenikovskaya and Gladkovskaya, which deprived the opportunity to use these reserves against parts of the 18th Army.

The 56th Army on this day continued to focus forces and means for the offensive, limiting their actions by exploration with reinforced detachments.

During September 12 and 13, the second echelons of the landings were introduced into battle, and the Eastern land group of the 18th Army was strengthened by the 55th Guards Rifle Division, the 6th Guards Tank Guard of the breakthrough and the 5th Guards Tank Brigade.

German-Romanian troops caused sensitive blows, and their resistance began to significantly weaken. The decrease in the resistance of the enemy was caused by the fact that the tactical reserves were already spent by this time, there were almost no operational reserves, and the active actions of the 9th and 56th armies did not allow him to carry out the maneuver at the expense of other front sites.

Bringing the attacks of parts of the 89th rifle division, the opponent began to accumulate forces in the area of \u200b\u200bthe mountain sugar head, so that the strike in the direction of the cement plant "October" to close the breakthrough and cut off the offensive of the parts of the 55th Guards and the 318th rifle divisions, which to this The time was the fighting in the western part of the outlook "Standard", as well as in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Novorossiysk Elevator and the station.

To develop the success of the Eastern 18th Army, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe October cement plant and the Turkish garden, a tank group was concentrated in the 5th Guards Tank Brigade, one self-propelled-artillery regiment of heavy SAU SU-152, one fighter-anti-tank artillery regiment and Two infantry battalions. The task of this group was to develop the success of the 55th Guards Rifle Division with its rapid actions and, if necessary, support the actions of the 318th Rifle Division, covering the flank of the armies of the army.

At 7 o'clock on September 14, after a 40-minute artillery training, the 56th Army was transferred to the offensive, who applied to his right flank in the direction of the Kiev, Moldavian and left flank on the Lower Bakanan. During the day, part of the army, overcoming the resistance and counterattack of the enemy, wedged into his defense at 800-1000 m. On September 15, part of the army because of the strong fire and frequent counterattack of the enemy and almost solid minefields also had only minor promotion. From the second half of the day, the advancing of the army began to prepare the night offensive.

From the morning of the same day, the part of the eastern group of the 18th Army resumed the offensive and the outcome of the day came to the passage of Marcoth. The 55th Guards Rifle Division together with the tank group broke the opponent's resistance in the region of the Novorossiysk Station and continued to develop the offensive in the direction of Cemedolin (Cement Valley. - Note. Auto).

The Western Land Ground Group, which was advancing from the Meshak Bridgehead, until September 15 could not break through the defense of the enemy and only wedged into separate areas at 700-800 m in the combat order of the enemy. September 15, this group, resumed an offensive, advanced during the day by 1.5-2 km.

Thus, the 18th Army has achieved the greatest success, where the advancing parts came to the area of \u200b\u200bMarcoth's pass and the Mountain sorcerer, which later decided the fate of the most large-scale opponent's system in the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk defense node on the mountain sugar head.

To the end of September 15, the resistance of the Germans acting against the parts of the 18th Army was noticeably weakened. At 17 o'clock, the intelligence has established that the enemy began to move away with small groups in the Western and North-West directions. At the same time, the artillery and mortar fire of the German troops increased everything, and at 21.00 he achieved the highest voltage.

Under the cover of a strong, but disorderly artillery fire, the opponent began the removal of his main forces in the Western and North-West directions.

Thus, the troops of the 18th Army, in cooperation with the Black Sea Fleet, with sushi and landed in the port of the landing, defeated the Novorossiysk group of German troops and liberated the port and the city of Novorossiysk.

This operation was reduced by the German command of the Complex of the Action "Krimkhilda" - a plan for long-term evacuation from Novorossiysk and the Taman Peninsula. "To bring the Novorossiysk port to a non-former state for at least 6 months" the Germans failed.

By 10 o'clock on September 16, the port and the city of Novorossiysk were completely purified from the enemy. On this day, the whole country listened to the order of the Supreme Commander of the North Caucasian Front forces and the Black Sea Fleet: "North Caucasian Front Troops, in cooperation with the ships of the Black Sea Fleet, as a result of a bold operation - a blow from sushi and landing of the landing from the sea - after five-day fierce Fights ... Today, on September 16, the assault was mastered the important port of the Black Sea and the city of Novorossiysk.

In the battles for Novorossiysk, the troops of Lieutenant General Lieutenidze, Sailors of the Council Admiral Bachelor, the pilots of Lieutenant-General Vershinin and Lieutenant-General Yermachenkova and Lieutenant General Lieutenant-General.

Especially distinguished:

318th Rifle Division Colonel Urutsky, 55th Guards Irkutsk Order of Lenin and three times Red-known Infantry Division named after the Supreme Council of the RSFSR General Major Arshitseva, 83rd Red-known Separate Sea Rifle Brigade of Lieutenant Colonel Kozlov, 5th Guards Tank Brigade Colonel Shurenkov, 290 -y Separate rifle regiment NKVD troops Lieutenant Colonel Picareva, 393th Separate battalion of Marine Captain Lieutenant Botylov, 11th Assault Aviation Division of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet Lieutenant Colonel Gubda, 88th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment Major Maksimenko, 889 Night easy-to-bombarding aviation regiment of Major Bocharov, 2nd Brigade of the Captain Captain Captain Captain Potenko, 1st Red Banner Division Watching Boats Captain Lieutenant Glukhov, 4th Division of Watching Boats Captain Lieutenant Sipyagin, 81st Gobic Artillery Shelter Lieutenant Colonel Akhtyrchenko, 69th Guards (ITTAP) fighter counter Tank artillery regiment of Lieutenant Colonel Ivananyan, 1st Guards Seusushenko's 1-point artillery division, 251th Separate Moving Artillery Division Captain Solusanova, 8th Guards Ministerial Regiment of Lieutenant Colonel Makaryan.

To commemorate the victory of the city of Novorossiysk 318th Rifle Division, the 83rd of the Red Bang, the 5th Guards Tank Brigade, the 290th separate rifle regiment of the NKVD, the 393rd of the NKVD, 11th assault aviation division, 88th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, 2nd Brigade of Torpeda Boats, 1st Red Banner Division Watching Boats, 4th Watching Boat Division, 81th Gabich Artillery Shepherd, 1169th Cannon Artillery Shelf , 108th Guards Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment, 195th Gornoral Mortar Shelf, 1st Guards Separate Moving Artillery Division, 251-Movable Movable Artillery Division and 8th Guards Ministerial Shelf to Assign the Name of Novorossiysk and in the future these compounds and parts :

318th Novorossiysk Rifle Division;

83rd Red Banner Novorossiysk Separate Sea Rifle Brigade;

5th Guards Novorossiysk Tank Brigade;

290th Novorossiysk Separate Rifle Regiment of the NKVD troops;

393th Novorossiysk Separate Marine Battalion;

11th Novorossiysk Assault Aviation Division;

88th Guards Novorossiysk Fighter Aviation Regiment;

2nd Novorossiysk brigade of torpedo boats;

1st red-known Novorossiysk division of guard boats;

4th Novorossiysky Watchdog Boat Division;

81st Novorossiysk Gobichic Artillery Regiment;

1169th Novorossiysk cannon artillery regiment;

108th Guards Novorossiysk Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment;

195th Novorossiysky mining mortar regiment;

1st Guards Novorossiysk Separate Moving Artillery Division;

251st Novorossiysk Separate Moving Artillery Division;

8th Guards Novorossiysk Mortar Regiment.

The 55th Guards Irkutsk Order of Lenin and three times the Red Banner Rifle Division named after the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, who has repeatedly distinguished in battles with the enemies of our Motherland, to reward the Order of Suvorov 2nd degree.

Today, September 16, at 20 o'clock the capital of our Motherland, Moscow on behalf of the Motherland salutes our valiant troops, who liberated the city of Novorossiysk, twelve artillery volley from one hundred and twenty-four guns.

The ships of the Black Sea Fleet at the same time make the Salute twelve volley for the troops and ships, freed from the German fascist yoke, the second base of the Black Sea naval fleet - Novorossiysk.

Eternal glory to the heroes who fell in the struggle for the freedom and independence of our Motherland. "

The breakthrough of the enemy defense in the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk and the exit of our troops to the area of \u200b\u200bN / P Gaiduk laid the defeat of the entire grouping of the enemy, defending on the "blue line". The promotion of our land forces in the direction of Anapa and the landing of the marine assaults to the flanks of the enemy began to threaten the entire Taman group of the enemy.

And what are the Germans? Now another plan of flight has been introduced into action - Bruungilda. On the night of September 16, the 5th Army and the 44th Nuclear Corps were launched. On September 18, the 49th Mountain Cooler followed them.

Fights on the Taman Peninsula (September 16 - October 9, 1943). The breakthrough of the defense of the enemy by the 18th Army in the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk and the exit of the parts of the army, which occurred along the Sukhumskoye highway on the Passing of Marcoth and the Ubbean and the North-West and Western outskirts. Mefodievsky, created the conditions for the development of impact in the direction of the Upper-Bakanan, Natukhaevskaya in the rear of the main enemy grouping, defeated at the turn of the Blue Line.

Once upon an immediate threat to the defeat of his group, the German command at the age of 22 of September 15 gave an order about the discharge of the troops of the right wing and the center from the border of the Blue Line.

On the night of September 16, the 56th Army passed on the offensive throughout the front and to the outcome of the day, the Melnic, Labor, Cool, Nizhne-Greek, Amanat was published. At this lineup for three days, the enemy, using a terrain convenient for defense, restrained the attack of the troops of the 56th Army.

The troops of the 9th Army, which turned into an offensive in the direction of the battery, Keslerovo, seized minor bridgeheads on the left bank of the Adagum River, in the areas of these settlements. In the direction of the main strike at the turn of the River Kurka, the army's army did not have.

The threat of bypassing the left wing of the enemy's defense forced the German command to start the troop of troops from this turn, and the units opened in advance of the 18th army first, then before the 56th and 9th armies.

To the end of September 21, the troops of the North Caucasian Front, pursuing the enemy, came to the bombard of the Checkon River, the eastern outskirts of Gostagaevskaya, Marchenko, Kurbat, Upper Gemen.

The enemy, covering the waste of his troops for the Valley of the Old Kuban river, has provided strong resistance. The troops of the 56th and 18th armies were unable to capture this intermediate border of the defense of the enemy and were forced to stop and begin preparation for the breakthrough of this line and first of all pull into the separation of artillery.

Delighted at the turn of the River Checkon Troops of the 56th and 18th armies to three days, the enemy took the main forces on the Taman Peninsula and organized the defense of Chaykino, Temryuk, Red Arrow, Revival, Starotitarian (southeast).

On September 24, the troops of the North Caucasian Front resumed the offensive. Overcoming the opponation resistance, the 56th and 18th Army on February 26 came to the Valley of the Old Kuban river valley at all of its length from Liman Bol. Melnocol to N / P Suvorovsko-Circassian and united with the sea landing landed in Blagoveshchensky. By this time, a naval landline was also planted in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Salin. On the night of September 25, the Soviet troops number of 800 people (part 389 of the SD and the 369th Marine Battalion) landed in the Temryuk Bay to cut off the path to retreat. But those were alert, and most of the landing was scattered. The repeated attempts of the parts of the 56th and 18th armies to force the river, the old Kuban success did not have.

The narrow beams between the limans with the altitudes located on them facilitated the enemy the organization of defense and allowed him to restrain our troops in small forces. The enemy led an extremely intensive fire from all types of artillery, mortars and infantry weapons, completely minted all the roads and defile. All this complicated the offensive of the Soviet troops, who had to take the height fortified by the enemy with front blows.

The troops of the 9th Army at this time were fighting for the city of Temryuk, which was traded on September 27, 1943.

Since September 9, the evacuation of the main forces of the 17th Army in Crimea began. By September 26, there were the Office of the 5th Army and 44th Hangers, the 125th and 9th Infantry Divisions, the 101st Jerical Division, Romanian 1st Snowing and 10th Infantry Division, 73rd and 79 - The infantry divisions of the Wehrmacht and the 9th Romanian Cavalry Division. Now the remaining front defended (from north to south): 50th and 370th Infantry Divisions, 98th Infantry and 97th Hanger Division (in the central site), 4th Moscow Gorfoot German and 19th Infantry Romanian Division. The general leadership of the defense was carried out by the command of the 49th Moscow Corps.

The carriage of the troops itself was carried out on the marine (ships of the Sea Command "Caucasus") and engineering-landing ferries (770th engineering-land regiment) with a capacity of 60 tons, engineering-landing boats with a capacity of 30 tons, zibel ferries (with a power plant from two aircraft engines) with a carrying capacity of 10 tons and lighter.

The convoy passed on the following routes: Kerch - Temryuk (convoy "Tony", "Theodore"), Kerch - Taman (the "Banzin" convoy "of the internal message) and, at first, Kerch - Anapa (Hagen's convoy).

The guard of Korvoev was carried out by German torpedo and guard boats, which were tightly delivered from Soviet aviation and the Black Sea Fleet. Germans also did not remain in debt.

So, another 11 September at 04.30, when the landing of Soviet troops occurred under the Novorossiysk, several of our storms Il-2 were shot by the German torpedo boats and one of them (S-46) was sinking. 17, 20, September 24, the German fleet forces had a number of clashes with the ships of the Azov Flotilla. To make it difficult to disembark new Soviet landings in the area of \u200b\u200bGolubitskaya, the Crimean Group of the 3rd Flotilla Flothels Ober-Lieutenant Schneider on the night of September 27 put mine harnesses before the Azov port of Primorsko-Akhtar. On the same day, the ships from the 1st flotilla of German torpedo boats at 23.00 torpedoes attacked the port of Anapa, sterling, according to their data, 4 vessels.

In the operating area Gelendzhik - Tuapse on September 17-20, the U-18 Uber-Lieutenant Fleege was acted. At the end of the campaign, he declared one destroyed by the Soviet ship. On the morning of September 26, the 9 Soviet ships entered the Temryuk bay. German defense was quite weak here, but since here our landing was already scattered, the ship's fire support was not required and the squadron went away with anything.

At the same time, the southern shores of the Taman Peninsula on September 26 opposite the cheerful to 02.22 there was a short fighter fight between our canoners and German patrol boats. After that, the Soviet ships landed the south of the cheerful landing of a number of 1600 people with a task to take this settlement. Despite the initial failure, our plaques were brought to a new L / C, and after three days the number of the landing group was already about 8 thousand people. Moving on the breast in the water, they attacked the German defense and achieved their goal.

Meanwhile, the German command was very afraid to bring to the operation of the main forces of the Black Sea Fleet, who was in Poti. On September 20, the submarine type U-20 under the command of the Ober-Lieutenant Sheer was already off the coast of Georgia with the task of making mineral production at the entrance to the temporary main base of the ChF. At the famous German Farvater, 1.5 miles from the coast at a depth of 17-24 meters were installed mines. On the submarine was 9 minutes "TVM", three in each torpedo device. Such a minium had a mass of 800 kg and a length of 2.31 meters. Considering that the entrance to the port is mined, the U-20 returned to Sevastopol, and on September 30 was under Anapa, where the lighter was soles.

On September 30, the Esminets of the Black Sea fleet "capable", "Boyky" and "merciless", without much success, tried to attack German evacuation convoys from the southern coast of Crimea. The fate of this operation was still solved on Earth.

The army of the North Caucasian Front, overcoming the opponation resistance at the turn of the Kuban Rivers and the Old Kuban, continued the offensive in cooperation with the marine landings landed in the areas of Temryuk (Azov Coast) and Lake Solten (Black Sea coast).

The troops of the 56th Army, together with the 414th northern coast of the Kiziltash Limana, the 414th division of the 18th Army forced the Old Kuban river, overcame float, October 2 went around a strongly fortified height of 117.0 and broke through to Starotitarian. Overcoming the intermediate defensive line of the enemy between the Limanami Akhtanizovsky and Kiziltasky, the army troops broke up to the village of Vystelytevskaya, from where they turned to the north to the rear to the enemy parts, who were still going to defend on the northern shore of the Taman Peninsula against the 9th Army. This maneuver disconnected the part of the enemy, forced the enemy to hastily leave the village of Golubitskaya and Akhtanizovskaya and allowed the parts of the 9th Army to navigate to the area of \u200b\u200bN / n Kuchugur.

Simultaneously with the breakthrough of the troops of the 56th Army, the Starotitarian part of the 18th Army in interaction with the sea landing landed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cheerful, coming along the southern bank of the peninsula, overcame the opponation resistance in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Macotra and Polyvadin fortified mountains and rapidly advanced, cleaning the Taman Peninsula From the enemy.

To cover the last stage of the evacuation, the German command focused on the banks of the Kerch Peninsula Powerful artillery fist. These were mainly long-range guns of Germanic, French and Soviet production. In total, 101 weapons were used for the defense of the Kerch Strait. Railway artsystems of the caliber of 280 mm led fire to a range of 30 km and could fired three quarters of the defendant. Punches of a 170 mm caliber conducted a fire at a distance of 25 km. Behind them went to the gun of the caliber of 150 mm. Positions at the village of Ilyich and on the Spit, the Chushka was under the fire of 210 mm of the Gaubitz. Such fire support is greatly cemented by German defense at the Taman Peninsula.

From October 1, the German command began to exercise the second stage of the evacuation of the Kuban bridgehead. Under the pressure of Soviet troops, which, with different degrees of success, landed the landings and "threatened" the defense of the enemy, the German troops "dug" from the turn on the line. The compounds derived from the battle were evacuated to the Crimea. It was during this period that the widespread case of the death of the leader "Kharkov" and the destroyers "merciless" and "capable" from the strikes of the German dive bombers from the 77th squadron took place. On October 6, 1943, our ships performing operations to combat German shipping in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Kerch Strait and the northern part of the Black Sea were swaming as a result of multiple air attacks of the enemy. After such an Afront, Stalin prohibited the use of large ships without its permission, and the activity of the Black Sea Fleet decreased significantly.

Meanwhile, on land, the Germans retreat. On the night of October 6, as already mentioned, a position was left under bluebitz, our landing land was planted on the Tuzla Spit. On October 8, the team points of the German group in the village of Ilyich were minimized. Before this village, the 13th Gunning Regiment, the 560th Special Purpose Battalion and the 97th ARTDIVIZION with 10 mountain weapons were located in front of this village. After loading the last part of the occupiers - 13 GPP - at midnight the moorings (18 berths were built with a total length of 1742 meters) were blown up. On October 9 at 01.00 from the shore of the Taman Peninsula, the last boat was departed, which at 02.00 arrived in Kerch.

By 07.00 October 9, the troops of the 56th and 18th armies of the North Caucasian Front, coming to the Kerch Strait, completed the liberation of the Taman Peninsula, fully cleaned him from the enemy.

From October 8 to 10, 1943, four large convoys of 240 enemy vessels participating in the evacuation of the Kuban Bridgehead were held from Kerch to Sevastopol. Soviet aircraft opened engineering assault boat No. 299, and the submarine attack - the ferry F-474.

Since the distance between the Kerch Peninsula and Tamani was small, and the German command of Azh from September 3, 1943 began to evacuate his group, to save the enemy did a lot. In the combat report of the management of 17 A on October 9, 1943, during the evacuation of the Kuban section, through the Kerch Strait, it was exported: 177 355 German servicemen, as well as 50,139 allied servicemen, 28 486 "Hiwi" and working columns, 27 456 Civiced residents (not counting 60 thousand civilians transported from February to August), 72,899 horses, 27 491 Site wagon, 21 230 cars, 1815 guns, 115,777 tons of cargo (of which 27,670 tons of ammunition ), 29,500 tons of food, 13,940 tons of forage, 74 tanks and assault implements. Air transport from September 7 to October 9, 15,661 soldiers and 1153.8 tons of weapons and cargo were evacuated. 109 steam locomotives and 1150 cars were taken out of a field railway fleet, and with it - a large number of building materials for railway.

The Germans also destroyed all more or less suitable infrastructure and materials: 10 150 tons of coal, 16,500 tons of feed, 83,300 tons of other goods (of which 52,200 tons of rails and sleepers for the field railway). 253 km of rails and 774 meters of railway bridges were blown up. The Taman Peninsula and Novorossiysk were completely broken. It was such a price that I had to pay for the liberation of this graceful part of the Russian land.

With the yield of troops to the Kerch Strait, the Novorossiysk-Taman offensive operation of the North Caucasian Front's troops was completely completed. In this operation, the front troops broke through the "Blue line" of the Defense of the German troops and defeated their Taman group, throwing her remnants to the Crimea.

As a result of this operation, the operational bridgeheads of the enemy in Kuban was finally eliminated, which providing him with the defense of the Crimea from the East and a rapid amount of our troops. The troops of the Red Army occupied a favorable initial position for subsequent operations on the liberation of the Crimea.

In this operation, the Soviet troops caused a heavy defeat 73, 79, 98, 125, the 370th German infantry and 101st Hanroom Division, the 4th Gunning, 19th and 10th Romanian infantry divisions, 560 minutes and 994- A separate battalions of the Wehrmacht. Heavy losses suffered the 9th and 50th German infantry divisions and the 9th Romanian Cavalry Division.

And now consider the actions of the Armored Troops of the North Caucasian Front in September - October 1943. By the beginning of the offensive operation of the Troops of the SCF on September 10, 1943, the enemy forces forces of the troops of the 17th Army held the main defensive line, known for us under the name "Blue Line". It was a powerful, well-equipped defensive positions in engineering. The bone of the defensive line was the resistance sites located in the settlements and on dominant heights. Defense depth reached 4-6 km. The northern wing of the defensive line was covered with the Azov Sea, priazny smooths, Kuban and Jurik rivers.

The composition of the armored troops of the SCF to the beginning of the operation was: 2 Tank Brigades (5 GW. TBR and 63 TBR), 6 tank regiments (6 gv. TP, 51, 85, 244, 257 and 258 TP), 1 separate tank battalion (132 OTB), and 3 self-propelled artillery shelf (1542 TCAP, 1449 and 1448 SAP). 244 and 258 TP did not participate in hostilities. The personnel of these regiments was engaged in combat training.

132nd Separate Tank Battalion. The operation by defeating the German group in Novorossiysk was designed for joint energetic actions of troops from the cement plant "October", the landing group of troops, which included 132 OSB, and disembarking the seabed on the coast in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Cape of Love.

132 ONB had a task: together with the landing group of troops and the small structures of the 18th Army, break through the defense of the enemy on the southern outskirts of Novorossiysk, master the city and further lead the fighting in the direction of Cemedolin. The operation was carefully prepared and started on the night of September 10, 1943 with powerful artillery training on the entire site of the army, under the cover of which the landing was taken on the Novorossiysk coast. At 24.00 on September 10, by order of the commander of the landing group of the army of the army, 6 light tanks 132 from the initial positions in cooperation with infantry attacked the enemy in the Static Square area. Tanks had the task to break through the defense of the enemy and connect with the landing in the area of \u200b\u200bthe park. Demian Poor and Cape Love. Tanks, breaking through the enemy defense line, reached a strongly fortified reference point equipped in the school building. The infantry, cut off from the tanks with a strong barrier fire, did not have promotion, and the cars returned to the initial positions.

On September 11, the tanks together with the infantry of the 176th Red Banner Division again attacked the enemy. Strong barrier fire of all types of weapons upset the combat order of the advancing parts, compartment of infantry and the remaining tank time led the fire fight from place due to shelters. During the day of combat, it was destroyed: 5 anti-tank guns, 2 anti-tank guns, 7 sucks, 15 machine guns and up to 100 soldiers and opponent officers.

The consolidated group of tanks in 7 KB machines, two T-34 and two SU-122 to the outcome of the day on September 10, 1943 took the initial position in the region of the cement plant "October" with the task: in cooperation with infantry and artillery to break through the strongly fortified opponent's defense strip , destroy the supporting points and master the N / P Mefodievsky.

On the night of September 12, 1943, a consolidated group of tanks, camascuated beam, suffered losses: 2 tank Kb - hit by arthogne, 1 tank Kb - fell into the pit, closing the pass to the rest of the tanks. The task of the exit of tanks for promotion to the cement plant was not fulfilled. After a large work done, the saperes managed to restore the crossing to 15.00 on September 12, 1943. At 18.00 of the same day, the group entered the battle, destroying firepoints and living power of the enemy by fire and caterpants, providing the promotion of infantry and mastering firing points and reference points. Prior to the onset of darkness, the group of tanks processed several quarters, but the infantry captured the quarters adjacent to the street cement. Especially greatly interfered with the fire promotion of our parts Multiplembraid Dot - "Red House". Tanks hit all their fire on this firepoint, suppressed her, but the infantry did not manage to master.

On September 13, the tanks in the composition of the assault groups resumed the fight for mastering the "Red House". In the middle of the day, the enemy was knocked out and fled, while throwing 4 radio stations, 11 machine guns and up to 40 soldiers.

On September 14, the consolidated group gained a task to act in the direction of the elevator. 2 T-34 tank successfully moved in the direction indicated, but they met in the club area. Stalin Mine Field. Both blew up, but continued to fire from the scene.

As a result of three-day fighting, a consolidated group of tanks together with the infantry of the 14th quarters of N / P Methodiyevsky.

Combat activities of the 5th Separate Guards Tank Brigade. Composition 5 gv. TBR with strengthening of September 13, 1943: Middle Tanks - 21, MKIII "Valentine IV" -14, MPB - 360 people, Su-76 - 8, 76 mm guns - 20.

5 gv. The TBR with the gains of the strengthening of September 13 received a task together with the rifle parts to master the N / P Methodius. On the night of September 14, the first echelon brigade consisted of one tank battalion, a motorized rifle-machine-gun battalion and 2 batteries of self-propelled guns under the command of the Guard of Colonel Kovali under the strong impact of the enemy's arthogne entered the area of \u200b\u200bthe proletarian cement plant. To perform the task, assault groups from 2 to 5 tanks, 2 self-propelled guns, the platform of the arrow and the separation of the sappers were organized.

During September 14, the assault groups led the stubborn battles for mastering a strongly fortified reference point "Red House" and a group of buildings that cover the basic approaches to Metodievsky. Tanks of assault groups intense fire suppressed firepoints in the lower floors of the houses, thereby providing the approach of the sperm units and infantry. With the approach of infantry to buildings, the latter gave tanks a rocket signal. Tanks transferred their fire on the upper floors of buildings, the infantry stormed in the lower floors of the seeded Germans. The efforts of the Saper "Red House" was blown up, buried under his debris defeated enemy.

In the morning, on September 15, the company's Rotank with the support of self-propelled installations 1448 SAP was fighting for mastering the church on the central square of Metodievsky, bypassing the enemy from the East and from the West. For the second half of the day, the tanks ensured the seizure of the church and supputed the firing enemy system in buildings adjacent to the square. The opponent to the outcome of the day began the departure from the region of N / P Methodiyevsky and the city of Novorossiysk.

As a result of the fighting 5 GV. TBR in the battles for Novorossiysk, the enemy applied the following damage: destroyed - 25 tank and hand machine guns, 10 sucks, 5 PTOs, 1 warehouse with ammunition, 1 warehouse with flammable, hit 1 tank and destroyed up to 300 soldiers and opponent officers. Losses of the brigade for the period of battles amounted to: M4A2 - 2 tank, T-34 - 5 tanks, SU-76 -1 machine; 4 people were killed and 23 people were injured.

In the fights for the city of Novorossiysk, the crew of the guard of Lieutenant Mikhailov, who first broke into a strongly fortified height in the northeastern part of the N / P Methodiyevsky. The Germans knocked his tank, throwing it with grenades and bottles with fuel liquid. Despite this, the crew continued to fire on the enemy from the burning tank, where heroically died.

Fight for mastering Blagoveshchenskaya. During September 24, the 5th Guards Tank Brigade with frequencies of enhancing fire from the spot destroyed the firing points of the enemy. Repeated attempts to break through the defense of the enemy were not crowned with success due to the limited possibility of maneuver tanks on this locality and the powerful fire of artillery from the South Outlet area of \u200b\u200bBlagoveshchenskaya, to suppress.

The outcome of the battle for the settlement of Blagoveshchenskaya was resolved to the end of September 25 simultaneous blows of parts of 5 gv. TBR and military actions landed the landing of our troops on Kosh Limana Bugazsky.

The opponent on the night of September 26 began hasty departure from Blagoveshchenskaya in the direction of the cheerful, throwing equipment and property.

By 16.45 September 26, 1943, the brigade came out to mark 0.6 (500 m southeast Limana Bitter), overcoming organized fire resistance. Repeated attempts to master the height of 36.4, which represented the main node of the opponent's resistance, due to the strong arthrogen, repeated bombing of the opponent's aviation did not have success.

The brigade, battered in previous battles, by 16.00 on September 28, having in the ranks of 6 tanks, the combat order of the 18th Army headquarters was removed to the area of \u200b\u200bthe mark 27.3 for the repair of the material part and bring to the order of personnel.

By 18.00 on September 29, a brigade as part of 20 tanks and two SU-76 was published in the area of \u200b\u200b0.5 (500 m southeast Limana Gorky) with a task to master the height of 36.4 and in the future state farm Bugaz.

From 22.00 the brigade passed into the attack in the direction of 36.4. Attack of success did not have. The brigade, by going to the area of \u200b\u200bthe original positions, during September 30, 1 and 2 October 1943 continued to repair and restore the material part. Being in an open area, she was repeatedly subjected to rates of enemy aviation and intense agencies of long-range artillery, and therefore suffered significant losses.

On the night of October 3, the opponent, fearing to be cut off in the area of \u200b\u200bTaman, began the removal of his troops. By destroying hastily outgoing Germans, capturing 5 prisoners in the city of Taman, the Brigade continued to persecute in the direction of H / P SENS.

Fight for mastering Mount Chirkova. 5 gv. TBR, mastering the town of Taman, despite the fulfillment of the task, continued to pursue the enemy in the direction of the N / P sense and by 9.00 as part of 4 tanks and one Su-76, with the support of 103 ITTAP and MPB - as part of 34 shooters and sacres 174th Engineering battalion, came out on the line: Dairy farm, 1.5 km north of the direction of Mount Chirkova.

By the decision of the commander of the explosion brigade in the area of \u200b\u200bMount Chirkova, one tank T-70 was put forward. When approaching the northwestern outskirts, the tank was fired by the enemy and caught fire. The decision of the commander of the brigade was sent a tank M4A2 commander of the commander of Guard Captain Gorlinsky with a challenge to establish, by whom the Mountain Chirkova is busy. Having reached the top of the mountain, Guard Captain Gorlinsky discovered the Romanian infantry in defense, and straight from the move began to put it with caterpillars, turning on the trenches, and destroy fire from the gun and machine gun. The rest of the teams of the brigades also turned around and the blow from the north and the south broke into the top of the mountain, and the Romanian infantry and fire funds were gone.

Tanks acted independently, since the rifle parts moved away back. The commander of the anti-tank battery decided to assist the tanks by throwing even its platoon in the attack. By 20.00 on October 3, the enemy was completely destroyed on Mount Chirkov, and the surviving minor groups began to move away in the direction of N / P Semenyuk.

After speaking, as a result of a battle, ammunition and fuel and fuel, tanks remained in the area of \u200b\u200bMount Chirkov, expecting the expenditure of consumed material resources. From 05.00 on October 4, the brigade continued the persecution of the enemy, departing in the direction of the settlement of Semelessuk. By 9.00 she took possession of the village of Primorsky (South). By 10.00, overcoming the opponel resistance of the enemy, the brigade came to the southern outskirts of the village Semenyuk, connecting with 63 TBR acting as part of the 56th Army. After completing fights from 16.00 October 4, 5 GV. TBR is derived to the reserve of the 18th Army for repair and restoration of the material part.

The fighting of the tank parts of the 56th army. In accordance with the intention of the commander of the 56th Army 6 GV. TPP, 51, 85th and 257th tank shelves got a task: in collaborating with rifle parts, break through the front edge of the opponent's defensive line at the turn of N / n new, height 95.0. In the future, going to the Kudakko River, provide input to breakthrough 63 TBR with parts of strengthening to develop success.

After a powerful artwork preparation at 6.30 on September 14, the tank shelves went into the attack, overcoming the strong firing resistance of the German troops. The offensive continued to approach the tanks to the front edge of the enemy defense, where mine fields were installed. The expelled battle intelligence discovered the north of a new passage in minefields. Three tanks of 257 TP broke through the discovered pass. They reached the western outskirts of the village new and were hit by an enemy artillery. Further attempts to break through the head of the German defense were unsuccessful, and the tanks moved to the area of \u200b\u200btheir initial positions.

With dawn September 15, 6 GW. CCIs and 85 TP resumed the offensive in the same direction. After stubborn battles to the outcome of the day, it was possible to break through the front edge of the opponent's defense, giving the interacting infantry to master the first line of the trench. With the onset of darkness, tank parts from the battle were bred and, by making rearrangement, they were preparing for decisive offensive actions on September 16. As a result of the Action on September 14, the tank parts suffered losses: 6 gv. CCP - 14 KB Tanks, 85 TP - 4 T-34 Tank, 257 TP - 6 M3S tanks.

Martialctions at the turn of the rivers Psif and Psebeps. Embossed by our troops from his intermediate border of defense, the enemy on the night of September 18 moved to a new one, a pre-prepared border of defense on the West Bank. Pleph and further in altitudes south.

63 TBP together with 51 TP and 1449 SAP received a task - forcing the Psychiatry River, step in the direction of Gladkovskaya, Cubing, Red Pakhac.

257 TP received a task - to force the Psif River and step in the direction of Ilyichevsky, Kars, Nepole, with access to the psebepps rivers.

85 TP received the task - to step in the direction of Novomikhailovsky, Kalinovsky, with access to the psebeps rivers.

6 gv. The CCP received a task - focusing in the n / n long-stayed, enter into operational submission of the commander of 63 TBR and be ready to act in the general direction of the village of Gostagayevskaya.

At 8.00 on September 16, the tank parts, coming out from the starting position, broke the opponent's resistance and moved to the "energetic" persecution. 63 TBR, together with the gains of the strengthening by 12.00, came out the west of the region N / n Cool. There, she was met with strong artillery-mortar fire from the districts of the long-awevinsky, Red Pakhac, Psebeps. Exploration expelled from the brigade discovered the artillery battery of the enemy in the forest, 2 self-propelled guns and to the car of automatic gunners. Supported by fire 1449 SAP, a tank brigade with a decisive attack suppressed artillery and destroyed machine gunners. By 24.00 of the same day, the tanks of 63 TBR with battles came out north of the collective farm. Stalin. As a result of successful hostilities, a tank brigade for the day of September 16 she took possession of settlements: Livanovsky, Taman, labor and collective farm. Stalin.

257 TP, overcoming the mine field before the village of New, successfully forced the Kurtaku River and by 10.00 his intelligence came out to the eastern outskirts of labor. At this turn, the regiment was met by stubborn opponent's resistance, which sought to keep his intermediate lines of defense. The rapid attack in cooperation with the infantry tank regiment to the outcome of September 16, 1943 broke through the defense of the enemy and mastered the height of 149.8, ensuring successful actions of the rifle parts.

At 8.00 on September 18, 63 TBR, together with 51 TPs and increasing parts, transferred to the offensive. Having overcome a strong rough terrain and suppressing the fire resistance of the enemy, the tanks at 11 am to force the Psychic River 13.00 with the battle of Gladkovsky. Capturing Gladkovskaya, the tankers received a new task - to come in the direction of the N / P of Consent, Akkermanka. Starting at 15.00 on September 19, the offensive, the tanks for the outcome of the day came to the rear of the enemy west of the N / P of Consent and until 4.00 on September 20, the battle independently without infantry. At 4.00, a motorized rifle-machine-gun battalion of the Brigade approached tanks. Joint actions with approached the enemy was knocked out of akkerman. In the same place, in Akkerman, 63 TBR received the task - to move behind the combat order of the rifle joint in readiness for combat actions to capture and hold the crossing over the Old Kuban river.

Savilan ahead of himself enhanced tank intelligence and separation detachment, tanks on the night of September 21 forced the Psebeps River. Further promotion was suspended by strong artillery fire from the regions of the heights of 224.5 and 258.8 and Gostagayevskaya. Continuing to conduct reconnaissance, the brigade during 21 and 22 of September did not led, remaining in the area of \u200b\u200bconcentration in prepaid for combat actions in the direction of the Red Beam.

257 TP, by exploration of crossing across the Psif River at 6.00 on September 18, meeting a minor opponent's resistance, mastered the settlements of Ilyichevsky, the basis, Kars. By 10.00 the same day, the regiment came out on the line of the Hobza River, where he was severely shelling in large-caliber artillery and was forced to move in shelter. At 11.00, successfully crushed across the Hobz River, the regiment with the battles took possession of the orphans, the Kuban column and went on the line of the Psebeps River.

85 TP after entrying the river. Psif on the night of September 18, together with interacting infantry, forced the water barrier and turned to the persecution of the enemy towards N / P Kalinovsky, Novomikhailovsky, Pokrovsky. On the outcome of September 18, as a result of a three-hour battle, tanks were mastered by Novopokrovsky.

During the offensive actions during September 18-21, the tank parts suffered losses: 63 TBR - 10 T-34 machines; 257 TP - 5 M3C machines, m3l; 85 TP - 11 T-34 machines.

Mastering the bonds of the Chekups and Chacon. The order of the commander of the 56th Army 63 TBR received a task - in cooperation with small connections to step in the direction of the village of Krasnaya Balka, to master the N / P Dzhiginskoye and the crossing over the Old Kuban river.

At 18.00 on September 22, a brigade of 16 T-34 tanks with the support of 1449 SAP, together with 85 and 257 TP, passed on the offensive. Overcoming the fire resistance of the enemy from the districts of the collective farm "Peasant Labor", N / P Pervomayskoye, by 22.00 reached the south-western outskirts of the Red Gorka, losing 4 tank T-34 as a result of the battle. Continuing to lead a difficult battle on the reached over the turn, the first battalion of 63 TBR burst into N / p May Day. On the streets of the settlement, our tanks were met by the counterattack of the self-propelled guns of the enemy and car gunners. Coming out from the settlement, the tanks of the first battalion, having completed the departure, moved towards N / P Dzhiginskoye.

Acting at night, tank battalions of 63 TBR lost the orientation and, devastating from the route to Dzhiginskoye, reached the area of \u200b\u200bN / p. Small Melnocol. The sudden appearance of tanks at night led the enemy to a panic, and by the morning of September 23, the enemy was knocked out from the settlement with large losses for him. Throughout the night and day of September 23, the brigade tanks, being in the rear of the enemy, were heavy fighting with numerically superior to the enemy. The Germans have repeatedly threw the tanks with infantry, self-propelled artillery and twice bombed the battle orders of tanks from the air. Leading unequal battles by spending ammunition and mortal losses, 63 TBR was forced to move away. With the dawn on September 24, the tanks of the brigade with the fight made their way to the location of their troops. As a result of the collisions in the rear of the enemy, the brigade tanks were inflicted by a significant damage: 3 tank was burned, 2 self-propelled guns were shot, 22 cars with military loads were destroyed, several warehouses with ammunition and property were burned, over 200 soldiers and officers were killed.

257 TP, without having an artillery of escorting and a sufficient number of interactive infantry, failed during the 19th and 20 September independently breaking the defense of the enemy. Only on September 21, after an intensive art preparation, the regiment broke through the defense and went to the Chekups River. At the turn of the river, he was stopped again, and repeated attempts to further advance the success during September 21 were successful.

On September 22, the Commander of BT and MB of the 56th Army ordered 85, 257 T. and 6 GW. CCP break through the defense of the enemy in the area of \u200b\u200b89.2 marks and go to Djiginskoye, master the Staraya Kuban crossing over the river and hold it before the infantry approach. At 13.00 on September 22, the tank shelves were forced the Chekuups River and by 14.00 came to the northern outskirts of the collective farm "Peasant Labor". The upcoming tanks were met with fire from an ambush 4 self-propelled enemy guns and counted his tanks. Successfully reflecting the counterattack, the tank shelves entrenched on the turn of the turn, turning to the defense. In the remaining time of active hostilities, tankers did not learn. Resumeing offensive actions on September 23, the tank shelves throughout the day were continuous battles in the Western Checonary area. By 13.00, part of the tanks came out the north of the collective farm "Peasant Labor". The enemy and self-propelled guns met the heavy artillery of the enemy and self-propelled guns, the shelves did not have further promotion, limited to fire fighting from the place. During September 24, the tank shelves of hostilities did not lead, bringing into order and restoring the material part. As a result of combat operations for September 22-24, the tank parts suffered losses: 63 TBR - 7 T-34 machines; 257 TP -5 machines M3C; 85 TP - 1 Tank T-34; 6 gv. CCP - 6 cars of the square. In addition, 63 TBR had large losses in the personnel in the actions in the rear of the enemy: 61 killed and wounded 137 people.

Mastering N / P Dzhiginskoye and crossing through r. Old Kuban. Based on the combat order of the headquarters of the 56th Army 63 TBR together with operational subordinates 257, 85 TP and 1449 SAP received the task of step in the direction of the height of 118.1, the collective farm "Agrotechnik", N / P Dzhaginskoye, master them and seize crossing the Kuban River . At 15.30 on September 25, the tank parts moved into the attack and with the battles by 21.00 came to the collective farm "Agrotechnik". The interacting infantry interacting influences under the influences of the enemy lay down, and tanks in the remaining time on September 25 had to act independently. Continuing its "single" offensive, tank parts by 4.00 on September 26, a rapid attack was knocked out the enemy from the agrotechnic collective farm. By 6.00, the advancing came to the south-western outskirts of N / P Dzhiginskoye, mastered the crossing over the old Kuban river. Thus, mastering Dzhiginsky and capturing the crossing, the tank parts performed the combat task, thereby ensuring the possibility of further development of the onset of the army of the 56th Army.

Mastering the Taman Peninsula. Continuing to evacuate its basic forces from the Taman Peninsula in Crimea, the German command by October 1, 1943 covered his waste by the auricard parts. The basis of defense was a pre-prepared and highly fortified intermediate frontier - the mountain Strelchanskaya, the white farm, the mountain is garlant.

By the beginning of the fighting for the purification of the Taman Peninsula from the enemy by October 2, the tank parts were located in the following amount of combat-ready tanks: 63 TBR - 17 T-34 machines; 257 TP - 13 M3L machines; 85 TP - 13 T-34 machines; 1449 SAP - 9 SU-122 self-propelled guns.

63 TBR together with 257.85 TP and 1449 SAP received a task to step in the direction of N / p white, crimpled, small oil, master the Vystelybiyvskaya and prevent the enemy to waste along the banks of Kiziltash Limana.

At 5.00 on October 2, the tank parts, crossing the old Kuban river and overcoming the intense barrier fire of the enemy, to 07.00 they went to the south-western outskirts of old-station. On the reached turn of the upcoming parts focused and sent tank intelligence in the direction of Kurgans, Shapovalki, Vyshstibiyvskaya.

At 4.00 on October 4, an offensive was resumed. Having overcome mine fields, by 7.00 63 TBR with the prone parts reached the northeast girk area. Subsequently, continuing to step in the direction of Semenyuk - Hay, she went to the Shapur district by 11.00. In the remaining time of the day on October 4, the tanks were led on the fighter battle with self-propelled and anti-tank artillery of the enemy. Repeatedly occurring parts were bombed from air. At 16.00 on October 4, a commander of 63 TBR colonel M.T. was killed under the raising of enemy aviation. Melnichuk. The command of the brigade accepted the lieutenant colonel K.K. Fedorovich. At 21.00 on October 4, the order of the commander of the 56th Army, the tank parts from the battle were derived and sent to the area of \u200b\u200bconcentration - N / p Shapurskaya.

During 5 and 6 October, the tank parts remained in their areas of concentration. Repair of the combat material part and reconnaissance was carried out towards N / P, Fontalovskaya, Zaporizhia.

At 01.00 October 7, the tank parts were transferred to the offensive and throughout the day, without having a supporting artillery, the fights independently conducted in the Tatar region. On the night of October 8, the Germans began under the blows of our troops. Tank parts, pursuing the enemy, by 09.00 they went to the area of \u200b\u200bnorth of N / P Zaporizhzhya, where, gathered by strong fire resistance, were forced to move away. At 16.00 of the same day, having received the task of further prosecution of the enemy, 63 TBR, 257 TP and 1449 SAP at 20.00 resumed their offensive. Overcoming anti-tank ditch and mine fields covered by artillery-mortar fire of the enemy, while under the unlimited fire of long-range artillery from the east coast of the Kerch Peninsula, by 6.30 on October 9, N / P Cordon mastered. At 06.40, part of the tanks of 63 TBR burst into the braid of Chushka and to 8.00 reached her southern coast, thereby completely clearing the Taman peninsula from the enemy. By order of the headquarters of BT and MB of the 56th Army, tank parts were brought to the concentration areas, where they began to repair and restore the material part.

Combat activities of the 51st separate tank regiment in the 9th Army. The 9th Army 51 TP, derived from the 56th Army, was released on September 23 and at 5.00 focused in the Varenikovsky district, while at the disposal of the commander of the 9th Army.

At 11.00 on September 23, the command and officer of the regiment left for the reconnaissance of the region of likely actions for linking issues of interaction with small and artillery parts. After reconnaissance, the tank regiment consisting of 9 T-34 tanks, 2 T-70 tanks on the night of September 24 crossed the Kuban River and to 05.00 focused on the expectant positions of East Kurcan.

A combat order of the 9th Army headquarters 51 TP entered the mobile group and received the task to break through the defense of the enemy at the turn of heights of 118.9 and 60.5. Having received information about the anti-tank defense of the enemy and the systems of its fire, the regiment at 19.00 on September 24, he attacked the enemy in the direction of height 60.5. The rapid attack tankers broke through the front edge of the defense and to 20.40 came to Western heights of 60.5. With the onset of darkness of the action of tanks, it was impossible due to rough terrain, and therefore attempts to continue the offensive at night ended the fact that 4 T-34 tank was stuck in the enemy trenches, and 2 of them were burned by arthogne. At 04.00 on September 25, the order of the commander of the mobile group of action was discontinued.

Having in the rank of five T-34 and two T-70, the tank regiment at 06.30 on September 26, he moved to the persecution of the enemy in the direction of the village of Temryuk. At 9.20 of the same day, the tanks came to the north-western outskirts of Temryuk, where the anti-tank moat, filled with water, as well as mine fields was stopped. Engineering booms were covered with a strong arthogne from the opponent from the rotten area. After doing the passages in minefields and guidance through the anti-tank docks, the tanks resumed the persecution. On 06.30, on September 27, the regiment focused on Temryuk, waiting for a crossing over the Kuban River. Having crossed over the September 28 river and focusing on the eastern outskirts of the N / P Savar, 51 TP began repairing the match, while at the same time conducting intelligence towards Golubitsky.

The military location of the 9th Army headquarters from October 2, the regiment got a task together with the parts of the mobile group to pursue the enemy and, cutting off the path of waste, capture the crossing through the Peresal Channel.

At 6.20 October 4, having an intelligence ahead of 3 T-70 tanks, the battery of the ITTAP and platoon of motorcycles, Tanks 51 TP went to the bridge in East Bluebit and, who met the enemy with strong barrier fire, tied a fire fight with him. Only at 00.30 On October 6, the tank regiment again moved to the pursuit of the enemy and, overcoming the mine fields, as well as wire bodies, reinforced with anti-tank slingshots, to 05.00 reached the runner of the west of the pier. Stopped by minefields and stubborn fire Resisting enemy, the regiment was forced to take defense and on the night of October 7, he moved to the southeastern height skates 62.8. Based on the combat order of the 9th Army headquarters, 51 TPs went to the reserve of the front and from October 10 focused on the south of Varenikovskaya, leading to the order of personnel and the material part.

Thus, the tank joints and parts of the North Caucasian Front played a crucial role in conducting a breakthrough operation of the Blue Line and mastering the Taman Peninsula.

Results of the operation. By October 9, 1943, after 30 days of the offensive, the troops of the North Caucasian front and the forces of the Black Sea Fleet defeated by the enemy units of the Army Group "A", the blow from the sea and Sushi liberated Novorossiysk, came out on the coast of the Kerch Strait and completed the liberation of the Caucasus. The bridgehead of the enemy, who providing him with the defense of the Crimea, was eliminated. The total losses of Soviet troops amounted to 65,510 people.

Freeing Taman, the army of the North Caucasian front, in collaboration with the Black Sea Fleet and the Azov flotilla, conducted an intentary operation and took the bridgehead to the Crimea in the Kerch area. The 56th army had to master the northeast protrusion of the peninsula and the city of Kerch, and the 18th Army - the east coast of the South Kerch peninsula.

On November 1, the forcing the Kerch Strait began. At sea, it was storm, the floating waters were missing. As a result, only half of the landing of the 18th Army, which consisted of the 318th division and parts of the marine infantry, was able to land in the ELTIGENA area and capture a small bridgehead. The German troops have repeatedly passed into the counterattack, tried to block our landing and make it difficult to supply it. Under the cover of heavy artillery, which operated from the Taman Peninsula, as well as the air arms of the 4th air army, part of the warriors on the orders of the Soviet command was evacuated from the bridgehead, the rest made their way to Kerch to the connection with the 56th army.

The landing of the 56th Army forced the strait on the night of November 3. Previously, our artillery made a firefall in the area of \u200b\u200bthe planned landing and disorganized the enemy fire system. This gave the opportunity to paratroopers with smaller losses to seize on the first day of battle with a small bridgehead. Reflecting the continuous counterattacks of the Germans, they expanded the bridgehead by November 11, and approached the northeast outskirts of Kerch. Having met here a particularly stubborn resistance, the Soviet parts were forced to go to the defense. Mad attempts of the enemy reset them into the sea were not crowned with success. In the spring of 1944, this bridgehead was used by the troops of the Red Army in the battles for the liberation of the Crimea.

Mastering Plan in Novorossiysk in September 1943

The defeatment plan of the Taman group of opponent in the fall of 1943

Notes:

Tsamam RF, f. 16, op. 1032, d. 21, LL. 38-40.

Text from the magazine of the Martial Action of the 17th Army of the Wehrmacht. Smemmansky L.L. The failure of the operation Neptune. M., APN, 1980, p. 12.

Report of the Commander of the 17th Army of July 30, 1943. Smemmansky L.L. The failure of the operation Neptune. M., APN, 1980, p. 70.

Tsamo, f. 69, OP. 12111, d. 1335, l. 26.

Grechko A.L. Battle for the Caucasus. M., Milivdat, 1973, p. 396-399.

Tsamo, f. 371, OP. 6430, d. 15, l. 68.

Tsamo, f. 5698, OP. 725168, d. 1173, LL. 25-72.

Russia and the USSR in the 20th century wars / loss of the armed forces. M., Alma-Press, 2001, p. 290.

Germany Commander

I. E. Petrov (North Caucasian Front) K. N. Leselidze (18th Army) A. A. Grechko (56th Army) A. A. Gincin (9th Army) L. A. Vladimirsky (Black Sea Fleet) S. G. Gorshkov (Azov Flotilla)

Evald von Maggyst (Army Group "A") E. Enek. (17th Army)

Forces side Losses

14564 killed, sanitary - 50946, total - 65510

12137 killed

Battle for the Caucasus (1942-1943)
Tikhoretsk-Stavropol Armavir Maikop. (Krasnodar (1942)) Novorossiysk (1942) Mozdok Malgobek Tuapse Nalchik-Ordzhonikidze Soviet counteroffensive Krasnodar (1943) Air battles in Kuban Novorossiysk (1943) Novorossiysk-Taman

Novorossiysk Temryuk

Novorossiysk-Taman operation - Strategic military operation of the working and peasant red army against the Wehrmacht during the Great Patriotic War, the final part of the Battle for the Caucasus.

Prehistory

As a result of offensive battles during the spring and summer of 1943, the troops of the North Caucasian front approached the highly fortified border of the Nazis on the approaches to the Taman Peninsula - the Blue Line. At this lineup, the troops of the 17th Army Army Group "A" were defended.

In accordance with the operation plan, the 18th Army, together with the forces of the Black Sea Fleet, applied the main blow to Novorossiysk and further to Verkhnebakansky and Anapa, the 56th Army - on the Stanitsa Gladkovskaya and Gostagaevskaya, the 9th Army - to the Kurchanskaya and the city of Temryuk.

On September 10, the Novorossiysk arrangement began. September 16, Novorossiysk was completely released.

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Notes

Literature

• [Military-encyclopedia.rf / Soviet-military-encyclopedia / N / Novorossiysk-Taman-1943 Novorossiysky-Taman Operation 1943] // Line of Adaptive Radiocommunication - Object Air Defense / [under total. ed. N. V. Ogarkova]. - m. : Military Publishing House of Md Defense of the USSR, 1978. - (Soviet military encyclopedia: [in 8 tons]; 1976-1980, vol. 5).
• Lubchenkov Yu. N. 100 great battles of the Second World War. - m.: Veva, 2008. - ISBN 978-5-9533-3382-5.
• Frying F. M. / Ed. M. F. Roast. - ed. 4th, recreation. and add. - St. Petersburg. : Publishing House Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, 2015. - 212 p. - ISBN 978-5-98709-303-0.
• Author's team: M.I. Povaliy (Head), Yu. V. Carpenters (Deputy Head), I. M. Ananiev, A. V. Basov, V. A. Golikov, E. P. Eliseev, A. N. Copenkin, V. A. Maramzin, A. P. Marfin, S. Pakhomov, V. B. Seoev, P. F. Shkrubsky, N. I. Yakovlev. In the preparation of the book, M. H. Kalashnik took part. Eighteenth in battles for their homeland: the combat path of the 18th Army. - M.: Milivdat, 1982. - 528 p., Il.

Links

• Memory forever, 1975. Director and script writer Firsova D.. Operators: CSDF operators, announcer: Khlebnikov A.
• The documentary film Roman Karmena "Great Patriotic", in American box office, this film was released called "Unknown War".
• "Hero City of Novorossiysk" .. (1974). Operators: Acts of E., Mikosh V., Leongardt Y.
• Elar Corporation.

Excerpt characterizing Novorossiysk-Taman operation

They also gave the dressing room and sent it for wounded through two houses. All domestic and servants were fun revived. Natasha was in an enthusiastic happy revival, which she had not experienced for a long time.
- Where to bind him? - People said, adjusting the chest to the narrow stamps of the carriage, - it is necessary to leave at least one condation.
- So what is he? - asked Natasha.
- with books of graphic.
- Leave. Vasilich will remove. It's not needed.
In the Brich, everything was full of people; Doubted where Peter Ilyich sit down.
- He is on the goats. After all, are you going to goats, Petya? - Screaming Natasha.
Sonya does not ceasing troubled too; But her goal was the opposite of Natasha goals. She cleaned the things that had to stay; He recorded them, at the request of the Countess, and tried to capture with them as much as possible.

In the second hour, the larded and placed four crews were stood at the entrance. Summaries with wounded one after another moved from the yard.
The stroller in which the prince Andrei was held, driving past the porch, turned the attention of Sony, having arranged the seats with the girl for a countess in her huge high carriage standing at the entrance.
- Is it whose stroller? Sonya asked, leaning out the boat window.
- Didn't you know the young lady? - answered the maid. - Prince wounded: he spent the night and we also go with us.
- Who is it? How is the surname?
- Our most groom former, Prince Bolkonsky! - Sighing, answered the maid. - They say when death.
Sonya jumped out of the carriage and ran to the Countess. Countess, already dressed in the road, shawl and hat, tired, went through the living room, waiting for homework, in order to sit with closed doors and pray before leaving. Natasha was not in the room.
"Maman," Sonya said, "Andrei Prince here, wounded, with death. He rides with us.
The countess frightened his eyes and grabbing Sonya, looked around.
- Natasha? - she said.
And for Sony and for the Countess, the news it had only one value in the first minute. They knew their Natasha, and the horror about what would be with her at the same time, they drove all the sympathy for them to whom they both loved.
- Natasha does not know yet; But he rides with us, Sonya said.
- Are you talking when you die?
Sonya nodded his head.
Countess hugged Sonya and cried.
"God works in mysterious ways!" - she thought, feeling that in everything that was happening now, began to perform a all-in-law hiding before from the view of people.
- Well, mom, everything is ready. What are you? .. - asked with a lively face of Natasha, moving into the room.
"Nothing," said Countess. - Ready, let's go. - And the Countess bent to her Ridiculyu to hide an upset face. Sonya hugged Natasha and kissed her.
Natasha looked at her questioningly.
- What are you? What happened?
- There is nothing…
- Very bad for me? .. What is? - asked sensitive Natasha.
Sonya sighed and did not answer. Count, Petya, M ME Schoss, Maurus Kuzminishna, Vasilich entered the living room, and, damaging the doors, all sat down and silently, without looking at each other, sat aide aide a few seconds.
Graph first got up and, loudly sighing, began to be baptized into the image. Everybody did the same. Then, the count began to hugging Mavri Kuzminichna and Vasilich, who remained in Moscow, and while they caught his hand and kissed him in the shoulder, slightly tremble them on his back, sentenced something unclear, gentlely sedative. The countess went into the shaped, and Sonya found it on his knees before scattered on the wall remaining the images. (The most expensive on family legends of the image was taken with them.)
At the porch and in the yard, people with daggers and sabers, which were armed by Petya, with refueling pantals in boots and tight-cocked with belts and socks, said goodbye to those that remained.
As always, with departures, much was forgotten and not so laid, and for quite a long time, two guiders were standing on both sides of the winding door and the steps of the carriage, preparing to satisfy the Countess, while the girls ran with pillows, knots from the house in the carriage, and stroller , and a bricken, and back.
- I will restore your age all! - said the Countess. "You know that I can't sit like that." - And the Dunyash, grieving his teeth and not answering, with the expression of reproach on his face, rushed into the carriage to redo the seat.
- Ah, the people of this! - said the count, shaking his head.
Old Kucher Efim, with whom one only decided to ride the Countess, sitting high on his goats, did not even look around for what was done behind him. He knew the thirty-year-old experience that he would not soon tell him "with God!" And that when they say, he will stop him twice twice and send it for the forgotten things, and after that they will stop again, and the Countess itself is visible to him in the window and will ask him to go cautiously on the descents. He knew this and therefore patient of his horses (especially the left red-falcon, who beat his foot and, having chewing, went smashed) I expected what would happen. Finally, everyone sat down; The steps gathered and snapped into the carriage, the door slammed, sent after the box, the Countess leaned and said that he should. Then Efim slowly took off his hat from his head and began to be baptized. Foretor and all people did the same.

The final operation in the battle for the Caucasus was the strategic Novorossiysk-Taman offensive operation of the troops of the North Caucasian Front (September 9 - October 9, 1943). In the course of its Soviet troops broke through a powerful line of defense of the German troops, called the "Blue line" (or "Gothenkopf" - literally - "Gota Head") in the Krasnodar-Taman direction, defeated the forces of the 17th German army and completely liberated the Taman Peninsula and Novorossiysk .

Prehistory

As a result of the spring-summer of 1943, the troops of the North Caucasian front approached the strongly fortified "blue line" on the approaches to the Taman Peninsula. On April 29 - May 15, 1943, the army of the North Caucasian Front held an offensive operation, trying to break through the "Blue line" and master the Taman Peninsula. After several days of stubborn fighting troops, coming in the central direction of the 56th Army of General A.A. Grechko mastered the village of Crimean - one of the nodal points of the German defense. On this success ended. In the area of \u200b\u200bStanitsa, Kiev and Moldavan Germans stopped the Soviet offensive. A big role in the success of the Germans played. A powerful Luftwaffe grouping is up to 1,400 aircraft, operated from the bases on the Kerch Peninsula. The Red Army could not break through the well-trained German defense, and the offensive was stopped.

In addition, in April - June 1943, the air was turned in the air. Air battle in Kuban between the 4th air army under the command of General K.A. Verchinina and the 4th air Feldmarshal V. Richtgofen. The vertex was widely used by the permanent duty of aircate powers on the advanced, massive input to battle (up to 5 or more fighter regiments), the exchange of combat experience among pilots - for the first time the Army conferences of fighter pilots were organized. During the fierce battle, the Soviet aviation put an end to the Luftwaffe domination in the air.

In the summer, the Red Army defeated the Wehrmacht under Eagle, Belgorod and Kharkov. Soviet warriors broke through German defense on the rivers of the Dnieper, Mios and Milk. Soviet troops advanced to the west of 300 km in the central part of the front to 600 km in the south. Thus, favorable conditions for the impact of the North Caucasus front appeared. The movement of the Soviet troops to the lower flow of the Dnieper delivered the Taman group of the enemy in a very difficult position.

Taman bridgehead lost the importance of the source area for the new onset of German troops in the Caucasus. At the same time, the German command nevertheless continued to strengthen his defense, hoping to keep him as long as possible. Holding the coast of the Taman Peninsula, the Germans defended their maritime communications, limited the actions of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet and at the same time covered the approaches to the Crimea, which was the sea and aviation base of the Wehrmacht. In addition, the Taman Wehrmacht group was blown by significant land, aviation and sea forces of the USSR, who could not take part in the battles in other directions.

Blue line

The main obstacle on the path of Soviet troops in solving the task of liberating Taman was a powerful German defensive line - "Blue Line". The Germans used favorable areas of terrain in order to retain the Taman Peninsula. In the north-east of the Theater of Military Action off the coast of the Azov Sea and the Valley of the River Kuban, a swampy lowland prevailed with a significant amount of smashes, limanov, rivers, rivers and streams. Southeast section of the fighting district - Mining and timber. In the depths of the peninsula, from the area of \u200b\u200bVarenikovskaya, Anapa, the terrain was flat, steppe. From the Temryuk, Blagoveshchenskoye, in the western part of the Taman Peninsula, the troops could occur only by narrow defile between the limans. This allowed the Germans to create a solid defense system, turning settlements and some areas of the area into resistance nodes. The defense strengthened and the fact that the Germans reduced the front, severely complicated their defensive orders.

Already in January 1943, the German command, fearing that the rapid offensive of the Soviet troops would lead to the complete defeat of the Kuban group, began to build defensive borders in the lower reaches of the river. Kuban, on the nearest approaches to the Taman Peninsula. The local population was forcibly mobilized for the construction of a defensive line the Germans. Thousands of people from Taman settlements and farms worked under the supervision of German car gunners. The anti-tank shames, trenches, oppies, built pancroquitations and dugouts. German sapper and special building units and field troops worked on creating supporting points, and resistance nodes.

For four more than a month, German troops built several defensive frontiers with intervals between them from 5 to 25 km. The main defensive strip, actually the "blue line", had a depth of 6 kilometers. It consisted of three or four positions protected by minefields and several rows of wire barriers. But behind it, auxiliary well-trained defensive frontiers was located on a depth of 30-40 km. So 10-15 km from the main defensive strip passed the second strip. The left flank of the blue line was located at the spike braid, walked through the seaside limans, then by p. Curly. Along the church with a length of 56 km, the Germans built high earth shafts. Then Gothenkopf took place east along the swampy terrain at the Adagum River to the village of Kiev. From the front, this plot was protected by a wide band of the bonus smashes. Next, the front edge turned to the south. Given the fact that the central portion of the blue line with a length of 32 km was most convenient for the Soviet offensive, the Germans paid special attention to its strengthening. Here were two positions with a large number of resistance nodes and reference points. Stitsa, farm and dominant height prepared for long-term defense. The intervals between them have tried to cover with reinforced concrete firepoints with armored caps. The main assemblies of the resistance in the first defense strip were the village of Kiev and height with a mark of 195.5. Kiev closed the way to Taman through the village of Varenikovskaya, and the height of 195.5 - the highway and railways through the villages of the Nizhne-Bakansk and the Verkhne-Bakanan, who walked to Novorossiysk. The most powerful defense assembly of the second position was created in the village of Moldowana, which was located in the center of the hilly plateau. He had to close the way to the center of the Taman Peninsula in the event of a breakthrough by the Soviet troops of the best position.

Defense nodes and reference points were prepared for circular defense, in case of surroundings, had two or three lines of solid trenches. The defenses of the first line of trenches was strengthened by 20-60 meters forward elderly or reinforced concrete firepoints. They were located preferably on the heights or on the outskirts of settlements, at a distance of 50-80 meters from each other. They covered the flanks of the front edge of the defense and immediate approaches to the wire, mine harnesses. The second line of fire structures was built by a ledge from behind and was to cover the space between the firing positions of the first line with the front light. Trenches complemented numerous rifle cells. Artillery and mortar positions were located in the depths of positions. For personnel, there were dugouts and bludges. The moves of the message connected all the structures of the support points with trenches. The front edge of the defensive line was covered with a thick network of wire bordering, mining fields, mined dodes with a total depth of half a kilometer. The mining density reached in separate areas up to 2.5 thousand mines per 1 km of front. Particular attention at the forefront was given to mining of tanker hazardous directions. In addition, each construction had its own stock of anti-tank mines to combat Soviet. In large quantities, mini-surprises of stretch action, designed to destroy the living force of the enemy.

The southern flank "Blue Line" passed through a hard-to-reach mining and wooded area with a length of 25 km from the village of Notubrazaevskaya to Novorossiysk. Here, German defense was based on forest bodies, anti-personnel mine-explosive barriers and was combined with a multi-tier barrack system.

One of the most powerful knots of the opponent's resistance was part of Novorossiysk, approach to the city, as well as positions in the Myshako area, which was the Soviet bridgehead. During the day, the Germans created a system of defensive structures in Novorossiysk during the day and night. In the city itself, the main defense band, a width of 5-7 km, consisted of three positions. 10 km from the front edge of the main strip was the second defense band. The area between the port and the mountains passed a narrow passage of about 3 km long and a width of up to 1 km. Through it, it was possible to break into the eastern part of Novorossiysk, the village of Methodiyevsky. To deprive the Soviet troops of such an opportunity, the Germans built a thick network of wire barriers there, minefields, firepoints. The eastern part of the city was further reinforced by three trenches with numerous long-term firepoints. At home and whole quarters were turned into supporting points, ready for circular defense. The streets blocked by barricades, with embrasures for machine guns and moves of messages. In many houses, the walls and overlaps were reinforced with concrete or brick masonry so that they can withstand artillery hitting. The basements have adapted for bomb shelter. All major buildings that were not occupied by German garrisons were mined to undermine them during the Soviet offensive, the street fighting to undermine them, applying to the enemy's damage and create additional duties. In the city and its surroundings, Germans prepared to 500 defensive structures protected by wire and mine harnesses. The mining density was big. Only in the first days after the liberation of the city, Soviet sappers removed and neutralized 29 thousand minutes of the enemy.

To combat the possible Soviet landings, strong anti-infant defense was created. All the coast is up to Anapa and further prepared for the reflection of the enemy landing. To cover the approaches to Novorossiysk from the sea. Entrance to the port was closed with a bonished barrier with mines and fugasami, in all port buildings there were machine-gun-artillery protected positions. All port buildings, pier and moles mined. Mines installed not only on the shore, but on water and under water. At altitudes had protected observation points, which allowed German troops to apply a concentrated artillery fire on any section of the bay. On the same heights there were German mortar-artillery batteries, which allowed to fire all quarters of the city. The very terrain of Novorossiysk contributed to the creation of durable defense, and for the upcoming created additional obstacles. A large ridge of the north of the city was covered with forests, where there were practically no roads and aisles.

The main line of defense reinforced the rear binding. The first was held from Varenikovskaya to the southern lake, with the main assembly of resistance in Verkhnebakan. The next frontier was from Temryuk to Su-Pshe. Separate defensive lines overlap the heights between the limans.

Preparation of the operation. Forces side

In August 1943, the bid of the Supreme Commander, in connection with the favorable situation that established in the south-western strategic direction, gave an indication of the commander of the North Caucasian Front, to destroy the Taman group of the Wehrmacht, without allowing it to waste the Crimean Peninsula. Given the fact that the German command did not expect an offensive in the Novorossiysk direction, and somewhat weakened their group on the right flank of the 17th Army, it was decided to apply the main blow in the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk. A breakthrough of the German defense at the Novorossiysk direction, the seizure of the unbearable and wolf gates, violated the entire defense system of the enemy, created the possibility of surroundings and the complete defeat of the Taman group.

The successful breakthrough of the powerful enemy defense line depended on the thorough and comprehensive training of operation with the troops of the North Caucasus Front. Intelligence conducted a great job to open the German defense system. Soviet intelligence aircraft conducted aerial photography of the blue line to all its depth. Photos have spread and transferred to studying in aviation compounds, at all headquarters of the general army and rifle buildings. In May 1943, aircraft parts received 96 photosham, international headquarters - 54 photoshime. The results of air intelligence were transferred to higher headquarters. Special topographic maps were made, which should have helped in a breakthrough of German defense. Officer and engineering intelligence from May, continuous observation of the enemy's activities. Special search groups were sent to the rear to the enemy to open the elements of German defense. A piece of information about the blue line was able to transfer partisans.

The command organized the creation of special towns that are equipped in a mountain terrain on the sample defense of the Wehrmacht. In them, the Soviet troops learned to break through the position of the enemy. Parts of the Black Sea Fleet conducted exercises on landing of landings and organizing the interaction of groups of combat vehicles with landing vessels and landing groups. Special attention was paid to the preparation of the crews of the torpedo boats, which should have destroyed the Bonne and mine boroughs of the enemy, to put a fire blow on the defense of the enemy at the place of landing landing. Practical exercises with a night crossing of ships and boats with landing units were organized.

All measures have been taken to ensure the secrecy of the preparation of an offensive operation. All the steering documents made a narrow circle of persons in the part, and only in one instance. All the transfer of troops, the concentration of impact groups tried to spend in the dark time. Also at night, landing paratroopers, exit to the sea and the construction of ships of the landing group. Trying to disinform the German command, the Soviet troops produced demonstration rebuildings in the secondary directions, all-in-law exploration was activated. As it turned out later, these events were successful. The German command has begun to regroup its forces and the sealing of defensive orders in areas that were not the main whole red army.

The Soviet command knew that the enemy had distributed his strength unevenly, worrying more than the central portion of his front. At the left flank there were hard-to-reach priazovsky floats, on the right - the most powerful Novorossiysk Stregradon and dominant heights. The left flank was poorly suitable for the direction of the main strike, the troops could be thrilled in a very wetlands. The front command decided to hit the opponent's right flank. Here the enemy expects the main blow to the least, hoping for a mining terrain that prevents the actions of large tank joints and artillery, and in advance created powerful defense. The capture of Novorossiysk deprived the enemy of his southern flank support, allowed a crushing blow to the entire German defense system. In addition, in Novorossiysk operation, land forces could support the Black Sea Fleet.

The common idea of \u200b\u200bthe front command was to apply a series of combined strikes from the sushi and the sea to the Taman's groupage of the opponent and destroy it. The troops of the 9th Army under the command of General-Major Alexei Alexandrovich Buckwill in cooperation with the forces of the Azov Fleotilla under the start of the counter-admiral of Sergey Georgievich Gorshkov should have won the offensive along the r. Kuban to Kurchanskaya, Temryuk and Varrenikovskaya. The 56th Army, under the command of Lieutenant-General Andrei Antonovich Grechko, fell in the Moldovan district of Gostkovskaya and Gostagaevskaya. The 56th Army his right wing was to strike at Varenikovskaya. The 18th Army, under the command of Lieutenant-General Konstantin Nikolaevich Lieselidze applied the main blow. It should be in cooperation with the forces of the Black Sea Fleet under the leadership of Lion Anatolyevich Vladimir to release Novorossiysk, and develop an offensive in the direction of Verkhnebakan and Anapa. Such actions, the Soviet command planned to dissect the German defense, quickly reach the old Kuban river crossing and cut off the enemy of the departure to the ports and the Kerch Strait. The preparation for the operation was planned to be completed by September 7. The beginning of the onset of the main forces of the 9th and 56th armies depended on the success of the 18th army troops at the Novorossiysk direction. And before that time, they should have been still starting from September 5 to carry out local operations by small detachments and distract the enemy's attention.

The North Caucasian Front included the 58th, 9th, 56th, 18th and 4th air army (plus aircraft of the Black Sea Fleet). However, three armies participated in the operation: 21 Rifle and mining division, several separate rifle and tank brigades, separate tank regiments, strengthening artillery. Parts of the 58th Army were involved in the defense of the coast of the Azov Sea. The 18th Army of Leselidze was located on the left flank of the North Caucasian Front from the village of the Neverdjaevskaya to the Black Sea. The 56th Army of Grechko was located in the center from the nonsense to Kiev. The 9th Army of Buckwheat was located on the right flank of the front from Kiev to the Azov Sea. The total number of troops was more than 315 thousand people, 4435 guns and mortars, more than 300 tanks and sau. The North Caucasian Front was almost 1.5 times superior to the enemy's forces on infantry and artillery, had an advantage in armored vehicles.

A significant advantage was in aviation. As a result of major losses in air battles in the air battle for Kuban and during the Kursk battle, the number of combat aircraft has fallen. In total, 1275 aircraft had on the south-west direction, about 300 were based in the Crimea and Tamani. By the beginning of the Novorossiysk-Taman operation in the 4th air army under the command of Konstantin Andreevich Vershinin was about 600 combat aircraft. In addition, the Air Forces of the Black Sea Fleet had up to 450 aircraft. The presence of quantitative and high-quality superiority in the air has become a serious prerequisite for the success of the offensive operation.

The Soviet troops opposed the 17th Army under the command of Erwin Gustav Yenek. She was part of the Army Group "A". The composition of the 17th Army included compounds of the 5th, 44th Army buildings, the 49th mountain corps, the Romanian cavalry corps. There are only 17 infantry, minor-rifle and cavalry divisions, 4 separate shelves and several other individual connections. German-Romanian troops numbered 200 thousand people (on other sources, about 400 thousand), 2860 guns and mortars, 100 tanks and assault guns and about 300 combat aircraft. In addition, the reserve of the 17th Army was located in Crimea - 36.6 thousand people, 11.6 thousand people in curriculum, and up to 50 thousand allied troops.

In the first echelon, 12 divisions were held at 100 km of the front, in the second - 5. German forces were unevenly located. So, in front of the 9th army at the front of 40 km, there were three divisions, at the site of the 56th Soviet army at the front of 30 km defense held 5 enemy divisions, the remaining German divisions held defense against the 18th at the front at 29 km.