Under the general edition of V. M. Kozhevnikova and P. A. Nikolaev
EDITORIAL TEAM
L. G. Andreev, N. I. Balashov, A. G. Bocharov, M. L. Gasparov, Ch. G. Huseynov, 3. S. Kedina, M. B. Kozmin, V. I. Kuleshov, D. S. Likhachev, D. F. Markov, A. A. Mikhailov, S. V. Nikolsky, M. N. Parkhomenko, V. F. Pimenov, A. G. Sokolov, M. N. Khitrov
"Soviet Encyclopedia" 1987
Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary / under total. ed. V. M. Kozhevnikova, P. A. Nikolaev. Rate: L. G. Andreev, N. I. Balashov, A. G. Bocharov and Dr.-M.: OV. Encyclopedia, 1987.-752 p.
Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary is the first one-dimensional reference books. In the main part of the book numbering ok. 1700 articles, placed articles on the theory of literature, poetics, reviews and certificates of literature of individual countries and peoples of the world, materials on creative methods, literary directions, currents, schools, the most significant phenomena of Russian literary periodicals, publishing houses. The second part of the book includes about 8000 biobibliographic articles - certificates of writers
Comment. In some places, especially in the case of capital letters, the dictionary notes emphasis. Due to the absence and with an emphasis, instead and comes across Y.
00.htm - Glava01.
From the editor
The "Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary" (LES) is designed for a wide range of readers interested in both the literature and the basics of scientific knowledge about it. It includes articles about the terms and concepts of the theory of literature and poetics, about the history and modern development of national literature, biobibliographic certificates of writers.
The first part of the LES, its main building, make up articles and certificates representing the terms and concepts that modern literary studies are used, folklicy, literary criticism. It also includes articles and certificates of historical and literary nature - about national literature, on the most important literary and folk monuments, on areas, flows, schools in literature and literary criticism, on literary and social movements and associations, Russian and Soviet literary journals and d.
The second part of the LES is a reference section playing at the same time the role of the pointer to the first part of the book. Articles of this section - Brief biobibliographic references about writers. Taking advantage of references available at the end of each such reference, the reader will significantly replenish the information contained in them: in the articles of the main building, it will find data on the place of the writer in the history of literature, its participation in the literary process of its time, belonging to a particular course, direction, school , about his performances in periodicals, etc. On the other hand, getting acquainted with the review article of the first part of the LES, the reader has the opportunity to find information about the works of one or another writer in the second part of the book, about the publications of its writings, about the major works dedicated to him and Dr. In the two-part structure of the dictionary, the compiors sought to maximize the principle of complementarity and interconnected information. For example, if in the bibliographic section (index), there are lists of the main works of the writer with their dating, then in historical and literary reviews and reference articles of the main building, an intratheral bibliography is minimized: they are called (as a rule without dating) only individual works that have played a significant role in Development of this national literature, in the formation and evolution of the genre, literary direction, school, etc.
One of the characteristics of the dictionary, to a large extent determined the principles of selection and supply of the material - preferential attention to the modern value and consumption of terms and concepts with relatively smaller attention to their
stories; The LES includes a number of terms included in the scientific way in a relatively recent time. A large place in the dictionary is occupied by materials on Russian literature, literature of the peoples of the USSR, including those who are missing in the previous Soviet encyclopedic editions: for example, an extensive chronicle of literary life after 1917 is given in the article on multinational Soviet literature.
Information is actually brought to LES, mainly until 1984.
A wide range of specialists in the theory and history of literature, Marxist-Leninist aesthetics, as well as linguists, historians were brought to work on the "literary encyclopedic dictionary". After the death of the editor-in-chief of the dictionary · - the famous Soviet writer Vadim Mikhailovich Kozhevnikov - the general editorial office of the book took over the member of the editorial board of the LES, Corresponding Member of the USSR Petr Alekseevich Nikolaev.
The editorial office expresses deep appreciation to all those who have taken close participation in the creation of a dictionary, in reviewing and consulting its materials - employees of academic institutions, university departments, consultants of the Union of Writers of the USSR.
All material, both in the main body of the LES and in the bibliographic section, is located in the alphabetic sequence of articles - so H. "Black words" (the difference "e ^ and" "does not affect the location of the term in the dictionary).
If the term consists of more than one word, then the initial, as a rule, is worth the word carrying the main semantic load: the idea of \u200b\u200bartistic, the "scene's self-relocation" theory, etc. When repeatedly use the title of articles in the text, it is indicated by the first letters of the components of his words (for example: Soviet literature - S. L .. Pamflet - P.). The names of Soviet magazines and newspapers published in national languages \u200b\u200bare given in Russian transcription. -
In the Encyclopedic publications, the main reductions in writing words and bibliographic descriptions are used in encyclopedic editions (relevant lists of abbreviations are given at the beginning of Tom).
The references to the writings of K. Marx and F. Engels are given on the 2nd Edition: t. 1-50, M., 1955-81. Overall references V. I. Lenin are given at the full collection of works, the 5th edition, t. 1-55, M., 1958-65, in a stile bibliography sign · means writing, sign · literature.
List of basic abbreviations
aBC.- Abkhaz Aug.- August Australian Avustry Australian Avustralian Adja Adjar ADM.- Administrative Adyg.- Adygei Azerbairy-Azerbaijanian Academic ACADEMICA ALL.- Albanian Algerian Amer. - American en - Academy of Sciences English.- English Angola.- Angolan Antich.- Ancient AO - Autonomous Region ADR.- April Aram.- Aramera Argent.- Argentinean
Αρε - ΐ-UK Republic of Egypt
armenian Armenian
assyre.- Assyrian
afg.- Afghan
aFR. African
B.- Big
b.- Former
b. Ch. - mostly
balt.- Baltic
bashk.- Bashkirsky
bella. - Belgian
beng.- Bengalsky
bibl.- Bibliography
biogr.- biographic
birm.- Burmese
b-ka - library
BKP - Bulgarian Communist Party
Bl. East - Middle East
bulgarian. - Bulgarian
boliv.- Bolivian
br.- Brothers (with the names)
braz. - Brazilian
bret.- Bretonsky
brit.- British
letters.-literal
bourges- Bourgeois
V.- East
in., Vz.-issue, century, century
in Osn. mainly
in t. Ch.- including
veng.- Hungarian
venezuela- Venezuelan
byzant.- Visantinei
inclusive
VNI - Hungarian People's Republic
PCP - All-Union Association of Proletarian Writers Associations
military. - Military
vol. - Volost
vost.-East
vost.-Europe- Eastern European
Sun - Supreme Council
VRPP - Hungarian Socialist Workers Party
gas.- Gazeta
Gakhn - State Academy of Arts of Arts Guatemala. - Gvaymalsky Gwi.- Guinea, GG,
GDR - German Democratic Republic
gERM.- Hermansky Ch .- Main
gL Obr.- Mainly the Galle.- Dutch Mountains. - City State - State Gos-V.
grejd.- Civil, Civil Cargo. - Georgian lip.- Gubernia Gudzh.- Gudjaratsky Dag.- Dagestan Dec. - December
deputy Department, Deputy Der.-Village
dominica.- Dominican Dr.- Ancient
dr.-other, ancient ... ^ eb.- Jewish Europe. - European Egypt. - Egyptian units. C.- The only number of every month. - Monthly weekly. - Weekly journal. - magazine (as name) Z.-IT · West
zel. - Head of Deputy - Deputy Western, Notes
cube.- Overseas
etc. P.- and the like
IV Academy of Sciences of the USSR - Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
Iz.-Izvestia
filter - Favorites
ed. - editions, publish, published, published, etc.
publishing House - Publisher
izravel.- Israeli
IKP - Italian Communist Party
named after
Alley - Institute of World Literature. M. Gorky
imp.- Imperial
indian Indian
indones. - Indonesian
foreigners- foreign
iN-T - Institute
irl.- Irish
Irley - Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House)
software - Art
isl-Icelandic
yen.- Spanish
east, historical.-Historical
ital.- Italian
cabardian - Kabardinsky
DPRK - Korean People's Democratic Republic
PRC - Chinese People's Republic
cor. - Korean
costa Rick.- Costa Ricansky
CCP - Chinese Communist Party
CPSU - Communist Party of the Soviet Union
CCP - Communist Party Czechoslovakia
KPU - Communist Party of Yugoslavia
cross. - peasantic
to-ry - which
k-T - Committee
cult.-Light.- Cultural and educational
lat.- Latinsky
lat.-Amer.- Latin American
latv.- Latvian
LGPI - Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute
LSU - Leningrad State University
Linen. Pr.- Leninsky Prize
leningrad. - Leningradsky
Lef - Left Front of Art
lieber.- Liberian
lingv.- Linguistic
lit.- literature, literary
literature - literary studies
lIT-RA - Literature
m.- Place
m. B.- May be
maced. - Macedonian
mar.- Mariy
marok.- Moroccan
MGPI - Moscow City Pedagogical Institute. Moscow State Pedagogical Institute
MSU - Moscow State University
med.- Medical
international international
mex.- Mexican
min.- Minister, Minute
min-V - Ministry
mythol.- Mythological
Mythli - Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature, Stories
million- Million
mn.- Many
MNR - Mongolian People's Republic
molda Moldavian
mong.-Mongolian
mord.- Mordovsky
Mosk.- Moscow
mUZ.- MUSIC
musulm.- Muslim
n. Art. - New style
n. E.- Our era
nazd.- Title
naB.- most, the largest
for example, for example
nar.- National
nAST. - REAL
scientific study
nC.- National
nAK.- Beginning Negro- Negriansky Uninforced Unquisited - Some - Some Nem.- German Nepal. - Nepalese Several Netherl. - Netherlands Novzel. - New Zelaland Norweg, Norwegian
Ηρα - νRealand Republic of Albania NRB - People's Republic of Bulgaria OB-VO - Society of region- regional, Oblast, O-Va - Island, Islands of the same name - OK.-OK.-OTC
Oct. Revolution - OCTOBER REVOLUTION OF UN - United Nations publis- published published published
organization - organization Ost.- Ossetian
osn.- Founded, based, main deposited officer. - Official Pakist.- Pakistani Paraguay.- Paraguayan Party.- Party Partiz. - Partisan Pedagogical Pedagogical Punjab. - Pendjab, Pen.-Translation of Obong. PRACE-PERSID PERMB.- St. Petersburg Petrogr.- Petrograd Poland - Polish People's Republic of Peninsula Paul.- half Polynez.- Polynesian political political poly.- Full PPP - Polish United Works
portuga.- Portuguese Pos.-settlement. - Dedicated post. -The setting, decree of the AF, Other Award, the Prospect of the Orthodox Prospect - the Government is the chairman preluded. - Preferably, preferably approximately approximately . - Province Province Provence. - Provencal progress. - Progressive work. - The work of the Ploper. - Proletarian will enlighten. - Educational Prof.- Professor Pseudo.- Pseudonym Psychology .- Psychological PSS - Full Collection of Writings Puerto Rick. - Puerto -Rikansky r., Rod.- Born together - Spoken Section. - Section Roll. - Different RAPP - Russian Association
proletarian writers
red.- Editor, Editorial, Editorial Relig. - Religious Rep.- Republican Ros.-Review of RS - Ross district, - Russian Rum. - Romanian S.- North
s.-Selo, Salvad. - Salvador Sanskr.-Sanskrit Sat., Sat-Ki - Collection, collections of St.-Over, Saint S.-D.- Social Democratic Sea North Sel.- Rustic, Saint Seryl - September Serb.-Serbian Sib.-Siberian Sindh.- Sindki Skandy.- Scandinavian Schu - Union of Communists of Yugoslavia Slav.- Slavyansky
next. - Next
slovak.- Slovak
see see
consignment
sovietovsky
Owls. Min.- Council Ministers
owl · - together
Sovnarkom - Council of People's Commissar
sovr.- contemporary
sokr.- Reduced
op. essay
SP - Union of Writers
specialist. special
cf.- comparison
SRV "" Socialist Republic Viet
we are CRP - Socialist Republic
USA - United States of America, SR-Asian. - Central Asian CP.-century, - medieval st. - Station, article verse. poem poem, - Poems Soft - * - Socialist Federated
The Republic of Yugoslavia, i.e., that is, since the point of view is t. K.- since T I.- the so-called t. O. - Thus, Taj, - Tajik Tamil. - Tamil
tat Tatar
t-in partnership
theater.- Theatrical
terr.- territorial, territory
tetr. - Notebook
tr.- work, works
tuv.- Tuwinsky
tour.- "Turkish
turkm.- Turkmensky
thousand-thousand, millennium
turk.- Turkic
uDM .-- Udmurtsky
uZB.- Uzbek
ukr- Ukrainian
uN-T - University
uRB
uruguv.- Uruguaysky
study. - Outdated
uch.- scientist, scientists
school - school
fam.- Surname
Sui.- Fascist BP.- February OD. ~ Feudal philol.- philological
$ Ilos.- Philosophical Inik.- Finician Inl - Finland
FCP - French Communist Party Flam. - Flemish
franz. French
FRG - Federal Republic of Germany
f-T - Faculty
hoz. - Economic
horv.- Croatian
christ.- Christian
art. - artistic
center-- Central
church
CC - Central Committee
erk.- Cherkessian
ernogor.- Chernogorsky
ech.- Chechensky
il. Chilean
l.-Cor.- Czechoslovak Socialist Czechoslovak correspondent
Republic of Swiss. - Swiss Schotl. - Scottish copy-copy EST. · - Estonian Y.-South
south-Vost.-South-Eastern South-Zap.- South-West Yugosl-- Yugoslav South. - South UNESCO - UN Commission on
enlightenment, science and culture of Yaz.- Language of Jan.- January
In adjectives and communities, the ending is allowed (including suffixes): "sky", "ion", "ion", "eating", "Esky"<альный”, “ельный”, и др. напр.: “письм.”. “революц.”, “господств.”, “критич.”, “значит.”
00.htm - Glava03
Reduction in bibliographic descriptions
Edition, published ed., Ed., Yd., Aufl., AuSG. hrsg., Wyd., Vyd., Uppi
Tom T., V., T .. BD., BD., SV., DI
Part of h., Pt., Τι, CZ. ρ tr
Notebook Tetr.
Section section, abt
Chapter Ch., Eh., Cap., Kap., Kap. .
Page p., R., S-, s
Issue - Vol., FASC
Editor, editors Ed., ED., Red., Red-, Dir. HRSG.
Without an indication of the year of the publication - b. g., s. but.
Without specifying the place of publication - b. m., s. l.
BVL - World Literature Library
"B * DI" - "Herald of Ancient History"
<ВЛ”-“Вопросы литерач^уры”
<ВЯ” “Вопросы языкознания”
"Dokl. Academy of Sciences "-<Доклады Академии наук СССР”
<ЖМНП”-“Журнал Министерства народного просвещения”
"Izv. OSS AN "-" Izvestia branches of the Russian language and word
job of the Imperial Academy of Sciences
<Изв. АН СССР ОЛЯ>- "Izvestia Academy of Sciences" USSR Department
literature and Language "
<ИЛ”, “Ин. лит-ра”-“Иностранная литература”
"LG",<Лит. газета”-“Литературная газета”
LN - literary inheritance
<ЛО”-“Литературное обозрение”
"New. peace"-<Новый мир”
RDD is an ancient / Russia literature monuments, [tt 1-7], M., 1978-1985.
"Sov. Kyrgyzstan "-" Soviet Kyrgyzstan "
"Todrel",<Тр. ОДРЛ”-“Труды Отдела древнерусской литературы
Institute of Russian Literature Academy of Sciences of the USSR "
PG - Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graca, Ed. J. P MIGNE.
t. 1-166, p .. 1857-66
PL - Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Latina, Ed. J. P MIGNE, T. 1-221, p, 1844-64
Note. In the names of work in Russian, all abbreviations adopted in LES are used
00.htm - Glava04
Reducing geographic names
A and Alma Ata
aiu .. Ashh Ashgabat
G Gorky
Shower Dushanbe
EP Yerevan
Kazan Kazan
Kishinev Kishinev
L. Leningrad
Novosib. Novosibirsk
O., OD.- Odessa
P.- Petrograd, Petersburg
Rostov-N / D.- Rostov-on-Don
Sverdl.- Sverdlovsk
St. Petersburg - St. Petersburg \\
Tal Tallinn
Tash Tashkent
TB. Tbilisi.
scientific and Industry Directory
ch / B Fil., examples of alphabets and written signs (tables)
Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary (LES.) - a one-volume encyclopedic dictionary, released in 1990 by the Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia". It was called up to "give a systematized knowledge of knowledge about the human language, the languages \u200b\u200bof the world, linguistics as science." The author's vocabulae team included more than 300 scientists.
The dictionary contains articles on the units of the language, their relationships, language laws, the functioning of the language in society, the philosophical problems of linguistics, theories of the origin of the language, sections, methods and schools in linguistics, languages \u200b\u200band languages, writing. On the contrary, independent articles on Linguists LES does not contain: the names of the lingules who have made a significant contribution to the consideration of certain issues are named in relevant articles; There is also a personal pointer of the researchers mentioned in the texts of articles, equipped with some additional information. Vocabulary article completes the bibliography.
When creating a dictionary, the editorial board was guided by the principle of consolidation of articles, which was due to the desire to "avoid spraying material".
The first publication of the dictionary saw the light in 1990 (circulation of 150,000 copies; ISBN 5-85270-031-2). In 1998, a reprint was published by the first edition called "Linguistics. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary "(ISBN 5-85270-307-9).
The second publication of the dictionary was published in the publishing house "Big Russian Encyclopedia" in 2002 (circulation of 3000 copies; ISBN 5-85270-239-0). In the second edition there is an application that includes articles, for various reasons not included in the first, additional bibliography for the articles of the main building and the list of typos.
Categories:
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
A dictionary that reports information about objects, persons, phenomena, the concepts denoted by those or other words. Wed: Linguistic Dictionary ...
1) vocabulary, vocabulary of the language, a dialect of any social group, a separate writer, etc.) a reference book containing a collection of words (or morpheme, phrases, idioms, etc.), located on a certain principle, and giving ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
I; m. 1. A book containing a list of words located in a certain order (usually alphabetically), with interpretations or translating to another language. Compile with. Prepare with. to publication. Buy with. Enjoy the vocabulary. Read with the dictionary. ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
1) The same as vocabulary in the 1st value. 2) the same as vocabulary in the 5th value. 3) Collection of words arranged in alphabetical order, with explanations, interpretations or translating to another language. Academic dictionary. Dictionary is regulated. Vocabulary… … Dictionary of linguistic terms
encyclopedic - (Dr. Greek. ένκυκλιός παιδευτικός comprehensively educated). 1) relating to the encyclopedia; 2) covering all areas of knowledge; 3) E. Dictionary - a reference edition, giving all sorts of theoretical personalities and practical information in ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Jerebilo
- (Fr. Cercle Linguistique de Prague, Cesh. Pražský Lingvistický Kroužek; Also Prague Linguistic School) One of the main centers of structural linguistics. Founded in 1926 by the Czech linguist vintage Matezius, collapsed in 1953. To ... Wikipedia
Grammar Dictionary N.N. Durnovo in the circle of Russian linguistic dictionaries of the XX century - The idea of \u200b\u200bwriting a dictionary "N.N. Durnovo, apparently, at the beginning of the 1920s. By the same time, its first major works in the modern Russian language, for example, the "repeating course of grammar of the Russian Language" (I. I. M., 1924) ... Grammar Dictionary: Grammar and Linguistic terms
Moscow linguistic circle Association of Russian philologists operating in 1915 1924. The circle appeared as a union of students of the historical Philological Faculty of Moscow University at the Moscow dialectological ... ... Wikipedia
- (dates Lingvistkredsen I København, Fr. Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague) Combining Danish linguists, including several foreign members. The circle was founded in 1931 by a group of Copenhagen linguists headed by L. Yelmslev ... Wikipedia
A spelling dictionary dictionary containing a list of words in their regulatory writing. It differs from an intelligent dictionary according to the method of describing the word, since discloses the word only in the aspect of its spelling. Is an indicator ... ... Wikipedia
GOST 7.1-2003
The book of one author:
Thesis:
Sources from the Internet:
b) in the network publishing:
c) in a foreign language:
Video equipment
From Sunset to Dawn [Video] / Dir. Robert Rodriguez; Cast: K. Tarantino, H. Keitel, J. Clooney; Paramount Films. - M.: Prime Minister Videos, 2002. - 1 VC. - The film was released on the screens in 1999
Gladkov, G. A. Lyenvok and Turtle sang a song and other fairy tales about Africa [Sound recording] / Gennady Gladkov; APP: Vicin, V. Livanov, O. Anofriev [and others]. - M.: Extraphone, 2002. - 1 MK.
To narrow the results of the search results, you can specify the request, specifying the fields for which search. List of fields is presented above. For example:
You can search for several fields at the same time:
The default operator uses And..
Operator And. means that the document must comply with all elements in the group:
study Development
Operator Or. This means that the document must correspond to one of the values \u200b\u200bin the group:
study Or. Development
Operator Not. Excludes documents containing this item:
study Not. Development
When writing a query, you can specify the method for which the phrase will be sought. Four methods are supported: Search for morphology, without morphology, search for prefix, search phrase.
By default, the search is made taking into account morphology.
To search without morphology, in front of words in the phrase, it is enough to put a dollar sign:
$ study $ development
To search for the prefix you need to put an asterisk after the request:
study *
To search the phrase you need to enter into double quotes:
" research and development "
To include in the search results, the words need to put a lattice " #
"Before the word or before expressing in brackets.
In applied to one word for it will be found to three synonyms.
In applied to expression in brackets, it will be added synonym for each word if it was found.
Not combined with search without morphology, search for prefix or search by phrase.
# study
In order to group search phrases you need to use brackets. This allows you to manage the milk logic of the query.
For example, you need to make a request: to find documents from which the author of Ivanov or Petrov, and the title contains words research or development:
For approximate search you need to put a tilda " ~ "In the end of the word from the phrase. For example:
bromine ~
When searching, words as "brom", "rum", "prom", etc. will be found.
You can additionally specify the maximum number of possible revows: 0, 1 or 2. For example:
bromine ~1
By default, 2 edits are allowed.
To search by the criterion of proximity, you need to put a tilda " ~ "At the end of the phrase. For example, in order to find documents with the words research and development within 2 words, use the following query:
" study Development "~2
To change the relevance of individual expressions in the search, use the sign " ^
"At the end of the expression, after which, indicate the level of relevance of this expression in relation to the rest.
The higher the level, the more relevant this expression.
For example, in this expression, the word "study" is four times relevant to the word "development":
study ^4 Development
By default, the level is 1. Valid values \u200b\u200bare a positive real number.
To specify the interval in which the value of some field should be, the boundary values \u200b\u200bseparated by the operator should be specified in brackets To..
A lexicographic sorting will be made.
Such a request will return results with the author, ranging from Ivanov and ending with Petrov, but Ivanov and Petrov will not be included in the result.
In order to enable the value to the interval, use square brackets. To exclude the value, use curly brackets.
