Our planet - Earth - from space looks like a beautiful glowing blue ball. Many artificial satellites revolve around it, and only one natural one - called the Moon. It is the brightest object that we can observe in the night sky. Although there are about 400 thousand kilometers between the Earth and the Moon, they are closely related and capable of influencing each other. The moon interacts with all earthly nature, activating, for example, the ebb and flow of the sea. However, these two celestial bodies have quite a lot of differences from each other. What are they? Let's try to give an answer.
Land- the only one of all the planets of the solar system on which there is life.
The Earth is 81 times the mass of the Moon. The radius of the moon is about three and a half times smaller than the radius of the earth.
The earth is surrounded by the geosphere - a shell of gas with various impurities. There is practically no atmosphere on the Moon, no oxygen, no wind. Therefore, during the day, the surface of the Moon from the scorching Sun heats up to 120 ° C, and at night it can cool down to –160 ° C. During the day it is light on Earth, at night it is dark. On the moon, even during the day, the sky is always black and cloudless: with the bright sun, the sky is strewn with stars. From Earth, the sky looks blue: this color is given to it by air. The sun's rays are scattered, and the stars are not visible during the day. The Earth reflects sunlight about 50 times more strongly than the Moon.
Most of the Earth is occupied by seas and oceans, a smaller part is occupied by continents and islands. The lunar surface is made up of mountainous terrain and lunar seas (huge craters with solidified lava). Lunar mountains most likely formed after huge meteorites collided with the surface, while mountains on Earth are the result of tectonic processes. The moon is covered with a mixture of rocky debris and fine dust, the so-called regolith, up to several tens of meters thick. On the Moon, unlike the Earth, there is no volcanic activity and practically no water (except for small reserves of ice). The earth's surface is constantly exposed to water and wind, the surface of the moon is not washed out or eroded.
The moon's magnetic field is very weak. On the Moon, gravity is six times less than on Earth. The chemical composition of both the Earth and the Moon is different. For example, the Earth contains a fairly large amount of iron, while there is practically no iron on the Moon.
1 the sun is a star
The moon is a satellite.
2. The moon (lat. Luna) is a natural satellite of the Earth. It is the second brightest object in the earth's sky after the Sun and the fifth largest natural satellite in the solar system. Also, it is the first (and in 2008 the only) extraterrestrial object, which has been visited by a person. The average distance from the Earth to the Moon is 384 thousand km.
The lunar magnitude in the earth's sky is −13m. Illumination from the full moon near the Earth's surface is 0.25 lux.
The Sun is the central and only star of our solar system, around which other objects of this system revolve: planets and their satellites, dwarf planets and their satellites, asteroids, meteoroids, comets and cosmic dust. The mass of the Sun is 99.8% of the total mass of the entire solar system. Solar radiation supports life on the Earth's surface by participating in photosynthesis and affects Earth's weather and climate. The sun consists of hydrogen (~ 73% of the mass and ~ 92% of the volume), helium (~ 25% of the mass and ~ 7% of the volume) and the following elements that make up its composition in low concentrations: iron, nickel, oxygen , nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, magnesium, carbon, neon, calcium and chromium. According to the spectral classification, the Sun belongs to the G2V type ("yellow dwarf"). The temperature of the Sun's surface reaches 6000 K, so the Sun shines with an almost white light, but due to the stronger scattering and absorption of the short-wavelength part of the spectrum by the Earth's atmosphere, the direct light of the Sun at the surface of our planet acquires a certain yellow tint.
The solar spectrum contains lines of ionized and neutral metals, as well as ionized hydrogen. There are over 100 million G2 stars in our Milky Way galaxy. Moreover, 85% of the stars in our galaxy are stars that are less bright than the Sun (most of them are red dwarfs at the end of their evolutionary cycle). Like all main sequence stars, the sun generates energy through the fusion of helium from hydrogen.
The sun is about 26,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way and orbits it, making one revolution in about 225-250 million years. The orbital speed of the Sun is 217 km / s - thus, it travels one light year in 1400 Earth years, and one astronomical unit in 8 Earth days. ... Currently, the Sun is located in the inner edge of the Orion Arm of our Galaxy, between the Perseus Arm and the Sagittarius Arm (English), in the so-called "Local Interstellar Cloud" (English) - an area of increased density located, in turn , in a lower density "Local Bubble" (eng.) - a zone of scattered high-temperature interstellar gas. Of the stars in the 50 closest star systems currently known within 17 light years, the Sun is the fourth brightest star (absolute magnitude + 4.83m).
3. This option - at least you can land on the moon, walk around, look for sleepwalkers. And it's not so easy to get into the sun.
4 how the moon differs from the earth
Our planet - Earth - from space looks like a beautiful glowing blue ball. Many artificial satellites revolve around it, and only one natural one - called the Moon. It is the brightest object that we can observe in the night sky. Although there are about 400 thousand kilometers between the Earth and the Moon, they are closely related and capable of influencing each other. The moon interacts with all earthly nature, activating, for example, the ebb and flow of the sea. However, these two celestial bodies have quite a lot of differences from each other.
5.What is the Moon and Earth
The moon is the only natural satellite of planet Earth.
The Earth is the only one of all the planets of the solar system on which there is life. More details: http://thedifference.ru/chem-otlichaetsya-luna-ot-zemli/
6 Comparison of the Moon and Earth
What is the difference between the Moon and the Earth?
The Earth is 81 times the mass of the Moon. The radius of the moon is about three and a half times smaller than the radius of the earth.
The earth is surrounded by the geosphere - a shell of gas with various impurities. There is practically no atmosphere on the Moon, no oxygen, no wind. Therefore, during the day, the surface of the Moon from the scorching Sun heats up to 120 ° C, and at night it can cool down to –160 ° C. During the day it is light on Earth, at night it is dark. On the moon, even during the day, the sky is always black and cloudless: with the bright sun, the sky is strewn with stars. From Earth, the sky looks blue: this color is given to it by air. The sun's rays are scattered, and the stars are not visible during the day. The Earth reflects sunlight about 50 times more strongly than the Moon.
Most of the Earth is occupied by seas and oceans, a smaller part is occupied by continents and islands. The lunar surface is made up of mountainous terrain and lunar seas (huge craters with solidified lava). Lunar mountains most likely formed after huge meteorites collided with the surface, while mountains on Earth are the result of tectonic processes. The moon is covered with a mixture of rocky debris and fine dust, the so-called regolith, up to several tens of meters thick. On the Moon, unlike the Earth, there is no volcanic activity and practically no water (except for small reserves of ice). The earth's surface is constantly exposed to water and wind, the surface of the moon is not washed out or eroded.
The moon's magnetic field is very weak. On the Moon, gravity is six times less than on Earth. The chemical composition of both the Earth and the Moon is different. For example, the Earth contains a fairly large amount of iron, while there is practically no iron on the Moon. More details: http://thedifference.ru/chem-otlichaetsya-luna-ot-zemli
7.TheDifference.ru determined that the difference between the Moon and the Earth is as follows:
The Earth is 81 times heavier than the Moon.
The radius of the Moon is on average 3.5 times less than the radius of the Earth.
The Earth has an atmosphere, oxygen, water, and hence organic life. There is none of this on the moon.
During the day it is light on Earth, you can see the blue sky, but at night it is dark. On the moon, the sky is always black, cloudless.
The Earth reflects sunlight about 50 times more strongly than the Moon.
The surface of the Earth is occupied by continents, oceans, seas and islands. Mountains and lunar seas (giant craters) are formed on the lunar surface.
On the Moon, gravity is six times less than on Earth.
The Earth has a magnetic (geomagnetic) field, while the Moon has almost none
The chemical composition of the two astronomical objects is different. More details: http://thedifference.ru/chem-otlichaetsya-luna-ot-zemli/
If you observe the Moon for even a few days, you will find that it is not always visible to us as a circle. The full disk of the moon first begins to decrease until it ceases to be visible at all. Then the Moon begins to grow until it becomes a full disk again. This entire cycle takes about 29.5 days.
The lunar cycle consists of 4 phases. Moon phase is the ratio of the area of the illuminated part of the visible disk of the Moon to its entire area. These phases change in the following order:
What is the reason for the change in the phases of the moon?
The moon itself does not glow; it reflects the sunlight falling on it. And the moon revolves around the earth. The phases of the moon reflect the movement of the moon around the earth, which is accompanied by a change in the appearance of our satellite.
1 - new moon, 3 - first quarter, 5 - full moon, 7 - last quarter.
On a new moon, the moon passes between the sun and the earth. The dark side of the Moon, not illuminated by the Sun, faces the Earth (1). True, at this time the disk of the Moon shines with a special, ash light. This phenomenon is caused by sunlight reflected by the Earth towards the Moon. That is, the rays of ashen moonlight travel the following path: Sun -> Earth -> Moon -> the eye of an observer on Earth.
Two days after the new moon in the evening sky, in the west, shortly after sunset, a thin crescent of a young moon appears (2).
Seven days after the new moon the waxing moon is visible in the form of a semicircle in the west or southwest, shortly after sunset (3). The moon is 90 ° east of the sun and is visible in the evenings and first half of the night.
14 days after the new moon the full moon comes (5). At the same time, the Moon is in opposition to the Sun, and the entire illuminated hemisphere of the Moon is turned to the Earth. In a full moon, the moon is visible all night, the moon rises during sunset, and sets during sunrise.
One week after the full moon the aging Moon appears before us in the phase of its last quarter, in the form of a semicircle (7). At this time, half of the illuminated and half of the unlit hemisphere of the Moon faces the Earth. The moon is visible in the east, just before sunrise, in the second half of the night.
Thus, the change in the phases of the Moon is explained by two reasons: firstly, the Moon is a dark, opaque ball illuminated by the Sun, and, secondly, the Moon revolves around the Earth.
In different phases of the moon, its rise (i.e. the beginning of a lunar day) is observed at different times of the day.
You can simulate the phases of the moon at home. In the evening, turn off the overhead light, turn on the table lamp and pick up the ball. Extend your arms with the ball in front of you. You are the Earth, the ball is the Moon, and the lamp will be the Sun.
Stand facing the lamp. It illuminates the half of the ball that is on the other side of you. You only see the unlit half of the ball. This is the new moon.
Then stand sideways to the lamp. Now the lamp only illuminates half of your moon - that's a quarter.
The full moon situation occurs when you stand with your back to the lamp. The ball is on the opposite side of the lamp, with the entire illuminated side of the ball facing you.
(By the way, in the latter case, you can completely obscure the ball, and then the lamp will not illuminate it either! Is this possible? Yes! This phenomenon is called eclipse of the moon... During a lunar eclipse, the Sun, Earth and Moon are on the same line, with the Earth located between the Moon and the Sun and obscuring the Moon. Likewise, when the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth on the same line, the new moon occurs solar eclipse... Eclipses are rare because the Moon around the Earth and the Earth around the Sun revolve in different planes.)
How to distinguish a waxing moon from a waning one? Very simple! If the month looks like the letter " WITH"Means he WITH aging, that is, this is the last quarter. And if he is turned in the opposite direction, then, putting a stick to him mentally on the left, we get the letter " R", which will tell us that the month is now - R Astute, that is, this is the first quarter!
The growing month is usually observed in the evening, and the aging month in the morning.
>> Sun and Moon
Sun and moon- comparison of a large star and a satellite of the Earth: dimensions in the photo, creation of a solar eclipse, influence on the planet, composition, gravitational field, light.
The Sun and the Moon are precisely those two celestial bodies in our planetary system that most affect the Earth. Let's look at how similar and at the same time different these celestial bodies are.
If we consider the absolute values, then there are no other two objects that are so different in size. The sun has a diameter of 1.4 million kilometers, and - 3474 km. In other words, the Sun is exactly 400 times the diameter of Earth's satellite.
But oddly enough, it so happened that the Sun was located at a distance exactly 400 times greater than the Moon and this creates an interesting coincidence. From the angle and distance from which we look at these two objects in the sky, they seem to us to be absolutely identical in size. It is thanks to this incredible coincidence of circumstances that we can observe total solar eclipses at those moments when the Moon passes in its orbit exactly between the Sun and the Earth.
The gravitational interaction of the Moon and the Sun (tides) causes the Earth's satellite to move away from our planet by an average of 3.8 centimeters every year. In ancient times, the Moon looked to people much more than the Sun, because it was closer to its present position. And in the coming decades, it will look much smaller than the Sun. Therefore, the fact that you and I can observe total eclipses is just a fortunate coincidence.
Due to the fact that the Sun is larger in diameter, then, accordingly, in weight it significantly exceeds the Moon. To be precise, its mass is 27 million times greater. Its gravitational force is so great that it makes the Earth revolve in a certain orbit around the Sun and slowly attracts the Moon to itself.
When the Sun and Moon influence our planet from the same side with their gravity, their gravity creates spring tides. After a while, these celestial bodies begin to act on our planet from opposite sides, and we can observe the ebb.
The sun is the only celestial body in the solar system that emits light. The huge masses of hydrogen and helium, which are burning every second in the flaming core of the Sun, are a source of light and heat for our entire system of planets. It is this light that hits the surface of the Moon and reflects off it that makes the Earth's satellite glow in the night sky and makes it visible to us.
Here these two celestial bodies differ significantly from each other. The sun is mostly made up of helium and hydrogen. The moon was formed at the moment when several billion years ago an object comparable in size to the planet flew by within our solar system and met the Earth on its way. There was a big collision. Small debris from that incident combined to form the moon. The surface layers of the moon are composed primarily of silicon, magnesium, iron, calcium, and aluminum. Astronomers believe that the core of a satellite of the Earth may consist of metal, sulfur and nickel, but in a completely molten state.
Use our online telescopes to get a closer look at celestial bodies in real time. Also apply maps of the surface of the Sun and Moon if you are interested in views of lunar craters or sunspots.
The movement of the Moon around the planet Earth in orbit takes about a month. In addition, it moves around its own axis. This process takes just over 27 days. Since the movement in orbit and rotation around its axis occurs simultaneously, the Moon is always directed to the Earth on one side.
The moon itself does not shine like the sun. It only gives the impression that it shines, but in fact it only reflects sunlight. As the moon moves around the planet, sunlight hits different parts of it. This is the answer to the question: "Why is the moon different?" From time to time we see the fully illuminated surface of the satellite, and from time to time only part of it is illuminated. Therefore, it seems to us that the Moon is changing its shape. But this is only a transformation of the luminary - phases that indicate that we can see its various parts.
Moon phases, or why the moon is different
The first lunar phase is the new moon. At its moment, the luminary is between the Sun and the Earth. Such a moon is not visible to us. Then comes the phase in which its side is illuminated by sunlight. This part of it looks like a thin piece of a circle.
Very soon, the side of the moon that the sun hits grows and becomes a semicircle. And this lasts until the moon reaches the last quarter, then the cycle ends and starts all over again.
Earth and Moon
Does the movement of the Earth around its axis coincide with the periods of rotation of the Moon, or is it just the gravitational effect of one celestial body on another? Many inquisitive minds were looking for the answer to this question.
It has been established that, nevertheless, gravity becomes the cause of the given position of celestial bodies. We all know what tides are, which regularly occur in the oceans and raise the water several meters.
And the question "why the moon is different" has a simple answer: the Earth is subjected to lunar attraction in different ways from different sides. The side facing the satellite is more affected than the opposite side.
As a result, different parts of the Earth move towards the side at different speeds. The surface, which is directed towards the Moon, swells, in the center the Earth shifts less, and the opposite surface completely lags behind, forming a hump. The Earth's crust is reluctant to change shape, and on land, tidal forces are imperceptible. In the sea, under the influence of the satellite, tidal humps are formed on different sides of the planet.
As it turns to the Moon in its various directions, as a result, the tidal hump also moves along its surface. This is why the moon is different.
Scientists calculated that a billion years ago the Moon was located significantly.At this time, there were only 20 hours in a day. It took the moon only a few days to pass around the earth, and therefore were more pronounced. Over time, the satellite's motion slows down, and in five billion years the Earth will rotate so slowly that it will itself be turned to the Moon by only one side, and there will be only 9 days per year, not 365. It will make nine revolutions per year. Consequently, the year will not have 12 months, as it is now, but only 9, and each will have only one day.
If the sky darkened, bright stars lit up on it and a horned moon or a round-cheeked moon appeared, then night has come. And although we all know that the moon and the month are, in essence, the same luminary, it is interesting to think about whether there are any differences between these concepts, because they are called differently! ..
moon- a satellite of the planet Earth, which we can observe in the sky at night.
Month- incomplete moon.
What is the difference between the moon and the month?
The main difference between the moon and the month is how we see them when viewed from Earth. The moon is a disk (if it is incomplete, then it is of an irregular shape), and the month looks like a sickle. Moreover, even preschoolers know that the month is one of the faces of the moon. Every night, the satellite of the Earth - the Moon - changes its appearance, entering a certain phase. Why is this happening?
The moon has several phases, which depend on its illumination by the sun. They replace each other with constant frequency during the calendar month. The phases of the moon are, in fact, those angles from which we observe from the Earth the illuminated part of the satellite of our home planet. The sun, moon and earth are constantly changing their position in relation to each other. The Moon itself is absolutely dark, it does not emit light (therefore, although it is considered a heavenly body, this is not entirely correct definition). But it is illuminated by the Sun, and if it illuminates the Moon only partially, then we can observe from the Earth that very month, or the crescent of the Moon. Moreover, the illuminated side of the Moon (the curved side of the month) always shows us in which side the Sun is now, even if at that moment it is hidden behind the horizon. The phases of the moon are called new moon (the moon is not visible), neomeny (the moon looks like a long narrow crescent), the first quarter (half of the moon is illuminated), the full moon (the entire moon is visible), the last quarter (when the other half of the moon is illuminated). From the new moon to the first quarter, the night "flashlight" is usually called the month, then the moon, until in the last quarter it again turns into a month. The moon goes through all its phases twelve times a year. Therefore, there are also twelve months in the calendar.
In the beliefs of the ancient Slavs, the horned month symbolized the masculine principle, and the full moon - the feminine one. It was believed that in one complete cycle, the night star turns from a daring young fellow into a chubby girl-moon, who then becomes a decrepit old woman. Then everything was repeated again.
It should be borne in mind that the word Moon, written with a capital letter, is an astronomical term (the name of a celestial body), and the word month is written in lowercase letters and is not an astronomical term.
The moon and the month that we can observe in the night sky are different phases of the same celestial body. The difference in their appearance depends on the illumination by the Sun of the planet Moon, which is a satellite of the Earth.
The month is horned, the moon is rounded.
The ancient Slavs believed that the month symbolizes the masculine, and the moon - the feminine.
The capitalized word Moon is an astronomical term (the name of a celestial body), and the word month is written in lowercase and is not an astronomical term.
This is a common Slavic word of Indo-European nature (in Polish - mesiac, in Bulgarian - month, in Latin - mensis, and it goes back to the Indo-European basis mens - "month, moon". Krylov's etymological dictionary
As you know, the Moon does not emit light, but only reflects it. And therefore, in the sky, only that side of it is always visible, which is illuminated by the Sun. This side is called daytime. Moving across the sky from west to east, the Moon overtakes and surpasses the Sun during the month. There is a change in the relative position of the moon, earth and sun. In this case, the sun's rays change the angle of incidence on the lunar surface and therefore the part of the moon visible from the Earth is modified. The movement of the moon across the sky is usually divided into phases directly related to its modification: new moon, young moon, first quarter, full moon and last quarter.
The moon is a spherical celestial body. That is why when it is partially illuminated by sunlight, the appearance of a "sickle" appears from the side. By the way, by the illuminated side of the Moon, you can always determine which side the Sun is in, even if it is hidden behind the horizon.
The duration of a complete change of all lunar phases is usually called a synodic month and ranges from 29.25 to 29.83 Earth solar days. The length of the synodic month varies due to the elliptic shape of the lunar orbit.
On a new moon, the disc of the Moon in the night sky is absolutely not visible, since at this time it is located as close to the Sun as possible and at the same time faces the Earth with its night side.
This is followed by the waxing moon phase. During this period of time, the Moon for the first time in a synodic month becomes visible in the night sky in the form of a narrow crescent and can be observed at dusk a few minutes before its sunset.
The first quarter follows. This is the phase in which exactly half of its visible part is illuminated, as in the last quarter. The only difference is that in the first quarter, the proportion of the illuminated part at this moment increases.
The Full Moon is the phase in which the lunar disk is visible clearly and completely. During the full moon, for several hours, the so-called opposition effect can be observed, in which the brightness of the lunar disk noticeably increases, while its size remains the same. This phenomenon can be explained quite simply: for an earthly observer, at this moment all shadows on the surface of the Moon disappear.
There are also phases of the waxing, waning and old moon. All of them are characterized by a very narrow crescent moon of a grayish-ash color typical for these phases.
From all of the above, we can conclude that, in fact, nothing obscures the Moon. The angle of its illumination by the sun's rays simply changes.
