Common venereal disease - syphilis - caused by microorganism - pale spirochet. It has several stages of development, as well as many clinical manifestations. In Russia, in the late 90s of the twentieth century, a real epidemic of this disease began, when from 100 thousand people sick in a year 277 people. Gradually, the incidence is reduced, but the problem remains still relevant.
In some cases, there is a hidden form of syphilis, in which there are no external manifestations of the disease.
The causative agent of the disease is a pale spirochete - under normal conditions has a typical spiral form. However, with adverse factors of the external environment, it forms forms that contribute to survival - cyst and l-form. These modifiable treponam can be maintained for a long time in the lymph nodes of an infected person, its cerebrospinal fluid, without causing any signs of the disease. Then they are activated, and there is a recurrence of the disease. These forms are formed due to irregular treatment with antibiotics, individual characteristics of the patient and other factors. A particularly important role is played by self-treatment of patients from the disease, which they believe, and in fact it is an early stage of syphilis.
Cyst form - the cause of hidden syphilis. It also causes the extension of the incubation period. This form is resistant to many drugs applied to treat this disease.
How is the hidden syphilis transmitted? In nine cases out of ten, the transfer path is sex. It is much less likely to meet a household journey (for example, when using one spoon), transfusion (when overflowing infected blood and its components), as well as transplacental (from the Mother Fruit). This disease is revealed most often when analyzing the blood on the so-called Wasserman reaction, which is determined by each hospital entered, as well as when registering for women's advice on pregnancy.
The source of infection is only a sick person, especially in.
This is the time after infection of the person's pale trone, when there are positive serological tests (blood tests changed), but the symptoms are not defined:
Usually changes in blood appear two months after contact with the carrier. From this point on, the term of the disease in a hidden form is counted.
Early hidden syphilis occurs within two years after infection. It may not immediately manifest itself, but may be the result of the regression of early symptoms of the disease when apparent recovery occurs. The clinical symptoms of the hidden syphilis are absent, for it is characterized by a negative sample of liquor (spinal fluid). It is diagnosed with the use of serological tests.
The hidden late syphilis is characterized by the sudden activation of the process after a period of imaginary well-being. It can be accompanied by damage to organs and tissues, nervous system. There are low-sized skin rashes.
What is hidden uncomputed syphilis?
In this case, neither the patient nor the doctor cannot determine when infection occurred, since the clinical symptoms of the disease was not, but it was most likely due to blood test.
There is also the likelihood of a false positive result of the Vasserman reaction. This happens in the presence of a chronic infection (sinusitis, caries, tonsillitis, pyelonephritis and others), malaria, diseases of the liver (hepatitis, cirrhosis), pulmonary tuberculosis, rheumatism. Acute false-positive reaction occurs in women during menstruation, in the third trimester of pregnancy, first a week after childbirth, myocardial infarction, acute diseases, injuries and poisoning. These changes disappear on their own within 1-6 months.
When identifying a positive reaction, more specific tests are necessarily carried out, including the polymerase chain reaction, which determines the antigen of the pale treponam.
This form in terms covers all forms from the primary seropositive (solid chancro) to the secondary recurrent (skin rashes, then their disappearance is the secondary latent period, and relapses for two years), but there are no external signs of syphilis. Thus, the disease can be registered between the disappearance of the solid Shankra (the end of the primary period) before the formation of the rash (the beginning of the secondary period) or to be observed in the moments of remissions at secondary syphilis.
At any moment, the hidden flow can be changed by clinically pronounced.
Since all the listed forms are inflated, then due to the coincidence of time with them, the early hidden option is also considered dangerous to others and carry out all the imposed anti-epidemic activities (identification, diagnosis, treatment of contact persons).
How to detect the disease:
The disease is revealed most often by chance, for example, during hospitalization on another occasion when blood test ("Unknown Syphilis" is taken). These are usually people aged 50 years and older, their sexual partners there are no syphilis. Thus, the late hidden period is considered unsuccessful. For timing, it corresponds to the end of the secondary period and everything in tertiary.
Confirmation of the diagnosis in this group of patients is more difficult, because they have concomitant diseases (rheumatoid arthritis and many others). These diseases cause a false-positive blood reaction.
To diagnose, you should set the patient all those questions as with an early hidden version, only to change the condition: all these events should occur more than two years ago. Seric samples help in diagnostics: more often they are positive, the titer is low, and IFA and RPGA are positive.
If the diagnosis of latent syphilis is confirmed, ELISA and RPGA have determining importance, because serological tests (express diagnostics) can be false positive.
Of the listed methods of diagnosis, the confirmation reaction is RPGA.
With hidden syphilis, the puncture of the spinal fluid (liquor) is also shown. As a result, the hidden syphilitic meningitis can be identified. It is clinically not manifested or accompanied by minor headaches, a decrease in hearing.
The study of the liquor is appointed in the following cases:
What consequences leave the late hidden syphilis?
Most often, syphilis has a wave-like flow with alternating remission and exacerbations. However, sometimes its long-term flow without symptoms is observed, ending several years after infection with the syphilis of the brain, nerves or internal fabrics and organs. This embodiment is associated with the presence of strong trepneemostatic factors resembling antibodies.
As the hidden late period is manifested in this case:
Pain in the legs with hidden later syphilis may occur as a result of bone damage, joints or nerves.
If a woman has a positive serological response during pregnancy, but there are no clinical signs of the disease, it must be supposed to pass blood on ELISA and RPGA. If the diagnosis of "hidden syphilis" is confirmed, it is assigned treatment for general schemes. The absence of therapy entails heavy consequences for the child: congenital deformities, pregnancy interrupt and many others.
If the disease is cured to 20 weeks of pregnancy - childbirth pass as usual. If the treatment has begun later, the decision on a natural or artificial belonging is made by doctors on the basis of many concomitant factors.
Specific treatment is assigned only after confirming the diagnosis of the laboratory method. Sexual partners of the ill, if they have laboratory tests are negative, the treatment for the purpose of prevention is not appointed.
Treatment of hidden syphilis is carried out according to the same rules as its other forms.
Long-term drugs are used - benzatin penicillin, as well as benzylпenicillin sodium salt.
Fever at the beginning of penicillinotherapy - indirect evidence of a properly established diagnosis. It accompanies the mass death of microorganisms and the yield of their toxins into the blood. Then the well-being of the patients is normalized. Under late form, this reaction may be absent.
How to treat hidden syphilis:
In the intolerance of these antibiotics, semi-synthetic penicillins (oxacillin, amoxicillin), tetracyclines (doxycycline), macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin), cephalosporins (ceftriaxone) can be prescribed.
The hidden syphilis during pregnancy is treated according to general rules, since drugs of penicillin groups are not dangerous for the fetus.
After the treatment of the early hidden syphilis, serological control (IFA, RPGA) is held regularly until the normalization of the indicators is fully normalized, and then twice with an interval of three months.
With a late hidden syphilis, if RPGA and IFA remained positive, the period of dispensary observation is 3 years. Tests are carried out every six months, the decision to remove from the records is taken on the basis of a complex of clinical and laboratory data. Usually, with a late period of the disease, the restoration of normal blood indicators and the spinal fluid occurs very slowly.
At the end of the observation, a complete examination of the patient is carried out, inspection by its therapist, neurologist, otorinolaryngologist and oculist.
After the disappearance of all clinical and laboratory manifestations, patients may be admitted to work in children's institutions and catering enterprises. But one day, the suffered and cured disease does not leave persistent immunity, so repeated infection is possible.
Developed by stages - for each stage of the disease, their symptoms and features are characteristic. There is no definite opinion in medicine about what the stage of syphilis is the last. Some argue that the third, since it is characterized by irreversible processes and in the end leads to death. Others allocate the fourth stage, which develops as a result of a long-term existence of the disease. As a rule, syphilis is detected by 1-2 stages, but in rare cases it is diagnosed at the most launched stage of development.
Most often by the owners of 3-4 stages of syphilis, asocial groups of people are alcoholics, drug addicts, people without a certain place of residence. The rest of the symptoms of the disease are found much earlier, therefore appropriate treatment. The last stage (tertiary syphilis) appears a few years after infection. This can happen after 5, 10 and even 15 years old - much depends on the immunity of a person, his lifestyle, as well as the initial state of health.
Today, such a stage of the disease is rare. As a rule, the development of this form contributes to the following factors:
Tertiary syphilis develops about a third of the sick. As a rule, people with a hidden form of the disease.
Read more about Tertiary Syphilis tells the doctor on this video.
The disease at this stage of development, as well as on the earliest, develops wave-like - the patient's condition is deteriorating sharply, it improves. During the remission, a person feels normally and not infected for the rest. At the same time, syphilis flows hidden, spreading more and more on the internal organs and the nervous system.
At the last stage, the following irreversible processes occur:
The 3-4 stages of syphilis are a pretty severe patient's condition accompanied by disabling and ending with death. In rare cases, the disease is accompanied by late roselar - pale-pink spindles on the skin size up to 2 cm. The edges of the stains are uneven and asymmetrical. Often they peel off, but do not itch. At the same time, the appearance of tuberculos and gummime elements is possible.
On 3-4 stages, neurosophilis develops. The disease enters so far that the destruction of nerve cells and conductive processes begins. Gummamine changes affect the vessels of the shells at the base of the brain's head, which invariably leads to pathological processes. Among the most common changes in the nervous system in the late stage of syphilis are noted:
Against the background of changing the nervous system, other nonypical symptoms appear. For example, patients complain about a sharp decline in vision. When examining, the doctor discovers that the patient's patient is atypical size - one becomes more than the other. Some patients complain about the resistant feeling of goosebumps under the skin. Perhaps a violation of the joints of the joints is most often the knee and ankle. Such problems appear due to violation of tendon reflexes. At the same time, a variety of trophic disorders appear on the skin. All these symptoms, gradually accumulating, in the end lead to a complete immobilization of the patient.
First of all, the heart (in 90% of cases) and the liver (5-7%) are under the impact of syphilitic changes. The remaining organs suffer less often. As a result of pathological changes, diseases are developing:
The diagnosis of such lesions causes a lot of difficulties - the simultaneous defeat of several organs in combination with changes in the nervous system is not excluded. It is not always possible to directly attribute to symphilis symptoms.
In most cases, the patient with 4 stages of syphilis dies not so much from this disease, as from the complications caused by it.
Granulomas appear on the body - focal arrangements of connective tissue. Their emergence is not accompanied by pain, itching and other symptoms - the patient they do not give any discomfort. In some cases, a peptic surface is formed. After healing, the scars can remain. Repeated on the same place the granuloma does not appear.
At the late stage of syphilis, a tuberculk lesion usually appears - seals appear on the skin with a brilliant surface with a diameter of several millimeters. Color varies from dark red to blue. Several species of such syphilide are isolated - grouped, sulfing, dwarf, diffuse. They differ in the character of the tubercles, localization and speed of their "maturation".
Another shape of the skin lesion is a gummamine formation, affecting subcutaneous layers and less frequently - bones and muscles. Usually such seals are located on the face, the scalp, forearm, hips, legs. Education grows up to 5-7 cm and can lead to killing tissues.
Syphilis invariably changes the structure of bones and joints, which gives an impetus to other pathological conditions. Arthritis, osteomyelitis, periostitis is just a few processes occurring in an infected syphilis organism. It is determined by the fact that syphilitic gum is formed in the bones. As a result, the bone grows up, collapsed.
The process is accompanied by the following symptoms:
If syphilis has spread to the bone structure, it is quite soon disabling, a person cannot move freely, the joints are inflamed, which leads to a pronounced discomfort.
The diagnosis is made on the basis of the complaints of the patient, taking into account typical symptoms. To confirm the preliminary conclusions, the doctor appoints a survey:
Analysis of the IFA is also prescribed - the features of the interaction of IgM and IgG antibodies with antigen proteins are studied. The technique is very informative for the detection of hidden forms of syphilis, when the disease does not manifest itself with typical symptoms. Usually, at this stage, there is no doubt that it is syphilis - the consequences affect many organs and are typical for the disease.
The treatment of syphilis on 3-4 stages is made by the same scheme as on the earliest. The difference is that two courses of therapy are consistent. With proper tactics, it is possible to completely stop the progress of the disease and kill the causative agents of the virus in the body. However, to restore the disturbed functions of organs and the nervous system will not work - these changes are irreversible. The treatment of syphilis occurs with the participation of several specialists, depending on which structures of the body are affected: therapist, dermatovenerologist, neurologist, oculist, etc.
Treatment involves the reception of antibiotics, as a rule, from a group of penicillins, tetracyclines or macrolides. Symptomatic treatment is also appointed depending on what changes have already occurred in the body. Reception of immunostimulants, allowing to strengthen undermined health.
In addition to drug therapy, a special diet is prescribed - the amount of fats is reduced, and proteins becomes greater. Also, the patient limit physical exertion and prohibit any sex contacts. If possible, you need to get rid of stresses, mental tension - all this adversely affects the results of treatment. The duration of therapy depends on the neglence of the disease. If the disease reached 3-4 stages, the treatment can delay for 3-6 months. Six months after the course of therapy, a patient is examined - if the signs of the disease are preserved, then prescribed re-treatment.
The third period of syphilis, developing in insufficiently treated patients or patients who did not undergo treatment at all. It is manifested by the formation of syphilitic infiltrates (granuloma) in the skin, mucous, bones and internal organs. Granulomas with tertiary syphilis are squeezed and destroy the tissues in which they can lead to a fatal outcome of the disease. The diagnosis of tertiary syphilis includes a clinical examination of the patient, the formulation of serological and immunological reactions, survey of affected systems and organs. Therapy of the tertiary syphilis is carried out by penicillino-bismuth treatment courses with the additional use of symptomatic and secrets.
Currently, tertiary syphilis is a rarely encountered form of syphilis, since in modern venererology, the identification and treatment of most cases of the disease occurs at the stage of primary or secondary syphilis. Tertiary syphilis may occur in patients who have passed an incomplete course of treatment or receiving drugs in insufficient dosage. In the absence of treatment of syphilis (for example, in connection with undiagnosed hidden syphilis), about a third of the siphels develops tertiary syphilis. The factors predispose to the emergence of tertiary syphilis are related chronic intoxications and diseases, alcoholism, senile and children's age.
The patient with tertiary syphilis is practically not infected, since the few treponams in its body are located deep inside the granuloma and die when they are decaying.
Earlier in the literature it was indicated that the tertiary syphilis develops after 4-5 years from the moment of infection with pale treponam. However, these years have evidenced that this period has increased to 8-10 years. Tertiary syphilis is characterized by a long flow with large latent periods, sometimes occupy several years.
Skin lesions with tertiary syphilis - tertiary syphilides - develop during months and even years without signs of inflammation and any subjective sensations. Unlike the elements of the secondary syphilis, they are located on a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe skin and slowly regress, leaving the scars after themselves. The manifestations of tertiary syphilis include a tuberculk and gummime syphilide.
Bugger syphilide - an infiltrative knot formed in the derma, slightly protruding over the surface of the skin having a size of 5-7 mm, red-brown color and dense consistency. Usually, with tertiary syphilis, the rash of the nodules occurs wave-like and asymmetrically on the local area of \u200b\u200bthe skin, while individual elements are in different stages of their development and do not merge among themselves. Over time, the tuberculk syphilide is subject to necrosis with the formation of a rounded ulcer with smooth edges, infiltrated base and smooth clean bottom. The healing of the tertiary syphilis ulcers proceeds the weeks and months, after which the site of atrophy or scar with hyperpigmentation remains on the skin. Scars that appear as a result of the resolution of several grouped tuberculosy syphilides form a picture of a single mosaic scar. Repeated rashes of tertiary syphilis never occur in the area of \u200b\u200bscars.
The gummime syphilide (syphilitic gumma) is more common, it is less common to the formation of several gums in one patient. Gumma is a painless node located in the subcutaneous tissue. The most frequent localization of the gum of tertiary syphilis is the forehead, the front surface of the legs and the forearm, the area of \u200b\u200bthe knee and elbow joints. At first, the knot is moving and not connected with nearby fabrics. Gradually, it increases in size and loses mobility due to a combination with its eating tissues. Then the hole appears in the middle of the node through which the student fluid is separated. Slow increase in the opening leads to the formation of ulcers with crater-like bursting edges. At the bottom of the ulcers, the necrotic rod is visible, after whom the dies, the ulcer heals with the formation of a star-trailed scar. Sometimes in tertiary syphilis, there is a resolution of the gum without transition to an ulcer. In such cases, there is a decrease in the node and its substitution with a dense connective tissue.
With tertiary syphilis, gummime ulcers can capture not only the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but also to be cleaned, bone, vascular, muscle tissue, which leads to their destruction. Gummime syphilides can be located on mucous membranes. Most often it is a mucosa of the nose, language, soft sky and pharynx. The lesion of the tertiary syphilis of the nasal mucosa leads to the development of rhinitis with the purulent separated and disruption of the nasal respiration, then the destruction of the nasal cartilage to the formation of the characteristic saddot deformation is possible, nasal bleeding is possible. In the damage to the tertiary syphilis of the mucous membrane, glossy is developing with difficulty speech and chewing food. The lesions of the soft sky and the pharynx lead to the voices of the voice and getting food during chewing into the nose.
Violations by somatic bodies and systems due to tertiary syphilis are observed on average in 10-12 years after infection. In 90% of cases, tertiary syphilis proceeds with the damage to the cardiovascular system in the form of myocarditis or destroy. The lesions of the bone system with tertiary syphilis can be manifested by osteoporosis or osteomyelitis, liver damage - chronic hepatitis, stomach - gastritis or gastric ulcer. In rare cases, the kidneys, intestines, lungs, nervous system (neuralifilis) are observed.
The main and most terrible complications of the tertiary syphilis are associated with the damage to the cardiovascular system. Thus, syphilitic aortitis can lead to aortic aneurysm, which can gradually squeeze the surrounding organs or suddenly break with the development of massive bleeding. The syphilic myocarditis can be complicated by heart failure, spasm of coronary vessels with the development of myocardial infarction. Against the background of the complications of the tertiary syphilis, the patient's death is possible, which is observed about 25% of cases of the disease.
With tertiary syphilis, diagnosis is based mainly on clinical and laboratory data. In 25-35% of patients with tertiary syphilis, the RPR test gives a negative result, so blood tests are mainly important with reef and ribt, which are positive in most cases of tertiary syphilis (92-100%).
Doctors numbered 4 stages of syphilis. In general, the course of this disease is very uncomfortable and unpleasant, the subsequent treatment will be long.
Syphilis is considered a dangerous and serious disease. All the characteristic symptoms of this disease can manifest themselves and disappear and sharply disappear, but the destructive Treponem does not stop active activity in the human body. The syphilis stages have a variety of devastating actions on the body, well, the manifestations characteristic of the symptoms of each stage differ in each other.
Let's look at what is syphilis, the classification of which is divided into several types. What are the main types of illnesses present this time?
Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by active action in the human body of pale spirochetes. The manifestation of obvious symptoms occurs on the body of the body, where close contact with the patient was carried out.
Most often, the transmission of infection occurs at the time of sexual proximity to infected syphilis. Also, infection is quite real and with the help of household items, for example, it can be personal hygiene products, dining room dishes, bed or personal belongings. It is not worth excluding the risk of infection of physicians, such as gynecologists and dentists, because they are constantly in contact with potential zones of infection with infection.
If you have become contaminated, then initial symptoms in the form of small izres in single quantities will appear on your body. It is her appearance that you should alert, as this is the first sign of infection of a very dangerous and unpleasant disease. The formation of a small ulcer on the body is called solid chancro.
There may also be a manifestation of a huge number of ulcers, wounds and erosion, and the place of their location is often an affected area of \u200b\u200binfection. Sometimes affected skin areas can spread to healthy. All these factors can cause syphilitic erosion.
The incubation period is the moment of infection with infection and the manifestation of the first symptoms that are characteristic of syphilis. This period usually has a three-week duration. And in some cases it can delay for several months (from 2 to 3). All types of syphilis must necessarily treat if it is not done on time, there may be serious problems with a violation of the normal functioning of the body. In the worst case, the launched stages of illness can lead human life to death.
If you have found on your body the appearance of solid Shankra, it indicates spirochetes in your body. Primary syphilis after the manifestation of Shankra is reincarnated in an ulcer with a bright-colored bottom of the red shade. The inflammatory process can not be seen, since the edges of the ulcers are very solid.
As for the painful sensations, they can not feel them with the appearance of Shankra, and no particular discomfort is also manifested. But there are some exceptions that may be accompanied by pain, for example, is the formation of ulcers near the rear pass or under the nail plate.
But there is also a solid form of Shankra, but most often a professional acquisition, for example, in the field of medicine. It is the doctors, working in such areas, are not insured against infection with the disease. Usually the shape of such ulcers resembles a circle, and if it is formed in places of the body folds, then it becomes slotted.
Solid Shankr has painless signs, and its size does not exceed 2-3 cm. It can also be very small and similar to the head pin. All places where Shankre manifested itself can tell about the penetration of infection in the body. After sexual intercourse, the lesion zone is genitals, but if the infection has penetrated through infected table objects, then this is the zone of lip and mouth. Places affected by tronamed, after a certain period will begin to increase and inflame.
Secondary syphilis imply a stage of sudden disappearance of Shankra from the body of the body. This may follow symptoms that adversely affect the normal state of the human body:
The above symptoms occur during primary education can only after 7 weeks of infection. This stage is accompanied by partial inflammation of lymph nodes, and can occur polyadenitis. Also, there is a rash red rash on the cover of the body. The rash can be papula or empty, and their usual name is secondary syphilides.
They can be brown or copper color with pronounced outlines. Moreover, there is no growth of rash, and they do not merge into one. There is no sign of itching and the feeling of pain. A variety of body rash may be observed, and this is also a characteristic feature of the manifestation of secondary syphilis.
This type requires special attention, since there may be a violation of the nervous system, the damage in the internal organs and to break the joints with the bones. This stage can last for 3 or 4 years.
If the first and second period of syphilis were ignored and not cured, the third stage of the disease may form. There is a manifestation of tertiary syphilis. These are usually small formations of an unsuccessful nature, but with the manifestations of painful sensations. Well, after disappearance, traces of scar sections on the cover of the body may remain.
The development of such scarves can be formed on vital organs. And such a course of the development of the disease can lead to a fatal outcome. It is recommended that this stage of the disease is not launched and engaged in correct, effective treatment.
Remember that it is easier to cure the first and second types of the disease, since the third stage can lead to sad consequences.
There is a significant destruction of bone tissue at the time of the third stage of the active development of the disease. A syphilitic runny nose can be observed or worse than tempering the nose. But a significant violation of the nervous system of the body can form different types of paralysis. Various mental seizures and multiple mental deviations may be observed. Internal organs are disrupted.
Because of all hazardous risks and reasons, it is recommended to pass annually by the delivery of Wasserman's analysis to people of all age categories. It is he who will be able to determine the occurrence of a disease in the human body. And in case of detection of the disease, immediate and efficient treatment will be required.
Syphilis Pale Treplema, which lives in an external environment only 3 minutes. Therefore, the main way of transmitting the disease is sexual. It is possible to infect the fetus of the intrauterine (vertical path) or intranatally, when the child passes through the generic paths of the mother.
The household transfer path occurs infrequently, infection is possible from persons with the tertiary stage of syphilis, when the pale treponema gets into dishes, underwear, towels, and other of the disintegrating gum. It is not excluded by the transfer of syphilis hematogenic by overflowing blood.
This disease is a variety of STIs. In more than 90% of cases, infection occurs in gender.
The pathogen is easily transmitted during vaginal and anal connections. Perhaps infection with kisses, using one dishes along with patients, the use of non-sterile tools, on which blood particles are present; Staging tattoos, hemotransphus, as well as during medical manipulations.
Sometimes bacteria fall into the body through wet objects and personal hygiene. The main transmission factors at Trempon are:
The second stage of the disease develops after the first. This contributes to self-examination, non-compliance with the multiplicity of drug administration and therapy, allergic to antibiotics, improper dosage of the drug and non-compliance with sexual rest.
Among the venereologists adopted the following classification:
Each view has its own treatment, because the manifestations of the disease are different, and each type needs to be treated with a certain organ or system.
These two species can only appear at 3 degrees.
Syphilis in the third stage of the course of the disease, occurs after many years, after infection with pale spirochet. Syphilis tertiary, is distinguished by a devastating effect on the internal organs and human systems, and a fatal outcome is possible.
Syphilide Bugorok and Syphilide Gummomy - these are signs of only tertiary syphilis.
Syphilide tuberkoe is the type of syphilide, which lies under the skin, in its structure, this syphilide is dense and after it breaks through, the scars are formed in its place.
Syphilide Gummimova is a syphilide that has large sizes (with a small tennis ball). When it disappears, scars and scars are formed in its place.
Syphilides on mucous membranes are syphilides that completely destroy the organs before the ugly state.
Syphilids of nasal sinuses - destroy the cartilage cloth of the nose and nose. The consequence of this destruction is possible the failure of the nose into the bone of the skull.
Syphilide language injures and destroys this organ, language loses sensitivity and atrophically.
Guttural syphilide creates problems with swallowing.
Syphilis in the third stage of the course of illness creates great difficulties of drug treatment.
Tertiary syphilis passes with neurosophilis, which leads to dementia and fatal outcome.
About a hundred and a hundred ago, infected with syphilis, people were doomed to inevitable death. Today the disease is treated, and quite effective. Among sexually transmitted diseases, syphilis looks most dangerous.
Modern medicine is known cases when infection occurs after blood transfusion. Incomplete contact with an infected person (handshake, kisses), even if there are no explicit symptoms.
Outdoors Pale Treplema, which is the pathogen, instantly dies. It is known that cases of infection of the fetus from an infected mother.
The danger of the disease is that after infection, the disease is not manifested by any signs. Only after a month-one and a half after sexual contact with an infected partner appears syphilitic rash, solid chancre, red spots in some parts of the body.
In men, he manifests itself on a female dick, in women - on sex lips, cervix, clitoris.
Solid Shankre on a penis or on female genital organs is the first sign of infection. Usually such phenomena proceed painlessly.
But any ulcers in the genital organs or in the groin zone should be a reason for an immediate visit to the doctor. External signs appear after 4-6 weeks, and up to this point the disease hit the internal organs.
Solid Shankr may suddenly appear and just as suddenly disappear. On the place where an ulcer was, only a small dark spot can remain. But the disease continues to progress, moving to the second stage, which lasts long enough. Sometimes the treatment of the disease takes up to five years.
The symptoms of the secondary stage are already more noticeable. It:
If during this period, do not appeal to medical care, then the disease gradually passes to the third, the last stage. This can happen in ten years. At the same time, the symptoms are constantly growing, worsening the health of the patient. Spots are gradually moving into a condition of bleeding ulcers.
The tertiary stage of syphilis is the greatest. It is practically no treatment.
During this period, complete identity degradation occurs. Syphilitic rash, bright stains are observed not only on a penis or female genital organs.
Such phenomena appear throughout the body, forming non-healing, bleeding ulcers, solid chancro on a penis acquires large sizes and no longer disappears.
During this period, the patient feels the decline of forces, looks sick, condition can be accompanied by a complete depression or suddenly an incredible tide of physical and emotional forces occurs, the mood changes dramatically. The fact is that during this period the disease is striking the nervous system and the human brain. These are irreversible processes. Moreover, other symptoms may be observed at this stage:
The final stage - long and painful death. But today such cases are rare. It can be completely degraded personality without a certain place of life. Civilized people before such a state are trying not to bring their body.
In medical literature 4, the stage of syphilis is not highlighted in a separate item. Three stages are distinguished on clinical symptoms and laboratory diagnostics.
However, there are separate forms of syphilis, which are most often developing after many years of existence of the disease. They are combined with the concept of 4 of the syphilis stage.
What pathologies here include:
4 Stage of Syphilis is a sufficiently heavy state, often leading to disability. The greatest frequency of death is also observed in this stage.
The diagnosis is made on the basis of typical symptoms, patient complaints. Confirmation of a specific disease is carried out using laboratory and instrumental methods:
The treatment of syphilis at the last stage is primarily in the reception of antibacterial drugs. Such treatment appoints a doctor based on the sensitivity of pale treponam to those or other antibiotics. Typically used preparations from the penicillin group, tetracyclines or macrolides.
Depending on how the damage in the internal organs was formed against the background of syphilis, symptomatic treatment is prescribed. It can be conservative and operational.
Surgical intervention is required in cases where it is necessary to remove particularly large gum in the brain or liver, after complete destruction of the bone or joint.
4 Stage of Syphilis can no longer be cured completely, since irreversible changes are formed in almost all internal organs. Treatment during this period is directed only to slowing the pathological process and relief of symptoms.
For syphilis is characterized by a change of different periods. Each of them is characterized by different clinical manifestations. Diagnose stages are also different. What stages of syphilis are distinguished?
The very first stage. At the same time, a typical sign of the disease appears - solid Shankr. At the same time, the reaction of lymph nodes in the form of their increase is observed. In this stage, three periods are distinguished depending on the detection of antibodies to the causative agent:
It lasts this period to two months. At the place of the introduction of pale trepony, a limited area of \u200b\u200bredness appears. Then it is transformed into the seal, the surface of which begins to peel. Soon the ulcer is formed in this place - it is the first sign of the disease.
Most often, Shankre appears in the field of genital organs, the rectum, in the oral cavity - where the contamination occurred. But you can detect these ulcers and on other parts of the body.
The second characteristic symptom of the first stage of syphilis is the reaction of lymph nodes. She appears a week after Shankra. First, regional nodes increase, then the remaining groups are involved in the process. Lymphangite can also develop inflammation of lymphatic vessels.
The next period of infection. Its appearance is due to the spread of a microbe in the body with blood flow. At the same time, a typical rash appears on the skin and mucous membranes. Here also distinguish three options for the disease:
The beginning of the secondary form is counted as 2-3 months after infection or 8 weeks after the appearance of a solid Shankra. Subject to the absence of treatment, it can continue for five years.
The main symptom of this form is syphilitic rash. It can manifest in different ways:
In places of formation of rash, a violation of patient skin pigmentation is noted, hair loss. Rash, whatever they, have several common signs.
Tablets from syphilisa
Secondary syphilis can be considered syphilis in the chronic stage of the disease, with recurrence periods, two, three months. The secondary syphilis can last until five years, and he comes, after entering spirochetes in the body - from three months to four months.
The distinctive features of the secondary stage of syphilis include gums on human skin cover, which do not create unpleasant sensations and pain. Finding this rash on the body can last for up to 7 - 8 weeks.
Types of syphilides on the skin:
The third degree of syphilis is striking internal organs and mucous membranes.
Bright signs are strong malaise, headache, which may be accompanied by cough. These signs can be confused with a conventional cold. But the most important difference is the temperature of the usual, low, but at the same time it can strongly "throw in the heat."
Basically, the disease is detected, maximum, in the second stage, and the third stage appears with poor quality treatment.
The tertiary form of syphilis can develop with excessive alcohol consumption. May be inherited or in infecting from another person. In the elderly, immunity is usually very weakened, therefore among them the most important percentage of cases of infection.
Incubation period
The course of syphilis and its characteristic symptoms will depend on the development stage on which it is located. At the same time, symptoms in women and men can be very diverse.
In total, it is made to allocate 4 stages of the disease - ranging from the incubation period, and ending with tertiary syphilis.
The first signs of syphilis make themselves known after the end of the incubation period (it proceeds without symptoms), and the beginning of the first stage. She is called primary syphilis, which we will tell a little lower.
Primary syphilis must be distinguished from the erosion of the cervix (in women), genital herpes, trichomonaceous ulcerations, soft Shankra. The secondary syphilis has similar signs with toxicodermia, a rash with other infectious diseases (measles, scarletin, rubella), pointed circularity, alopecia, psoriasis and fungal lesions of the skin.
Therefore, differential diagnosis is important.
Seric reactions (blood from vein) are used from laboratory methods:
Also carry out microscopy of smears taken from solid Shankra or from rash elements.
To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to carry out 2 different serological reactions.
A man leading an indiscriminate sexual lifestyle must be aware of how dangerous it is for his health. If this happened, it is worth it to carefully take care of your health, and the appearance of rash, ulcers on the genital organs should cause anxiety and make a survey from the venereologist.
After a visit to the doctor, the tissue examination is prescribed to the patient, which contains solid chancro, and the puncture of lymph nodes. If the disease is in the initial stage, it is revealed using non-refined tests.
The same tests are held regularly throughout the treatment to determine the level of treatment efficiency.
An immununimenal examination is appointed, which will include a blood test to the Vasserman reaction (RW). This is a survey that helps reveal the disease at any stages. The results are as follows:
If the syphilis is in secondary form, the result of the Vasserman reaction gives four pluses.
Reef reaction (immunofluorescence) is the most accurate examination that gives the most accurate results. This survey makes it possible to identify syphilis at its earliest stages, as well as detect a hidden form.
The diagnosis of syphilis will be directly dependent on the stage on which it is located. It will be based on the symptoms of the patient and the received analyzes.
In the case of the primary stage, solid chancresses and lymph nodes are subject to the survey. At the next stage, the affected areas of the skin are examined, papules of mucous membranes.
In general, bacteriological, immunological, serological and other research methods are used to diagnose infection. It should be borne in mind that at certain stages of the disease, the results of tests for syphilis may be negative in the presence of the disease, which makes it difficult to diagnose the infection.
To confirm the diagnosis, the specific reaction of Wasserman is carried out, but it often gives false analysis results. Therefore, for the diagnosis of syphilis, it is necessary to simultaneously use several types of analyzes - reef, IFA, Ribt, RPGA, microscopy method, PCR analysis.
Diagnostics in time
The diagnosis of syphilis is placed on the basis of typical symptoms. In addition, specific laboratory methods for diagnosing syphilis are required.
At first, from the beginning of the disease - about a month - syphilis is seronegative. This means that antibodies to the pale treponime are found in the blood. During the first two months there are no clinical manifestations. Thus, in the first month, the disease is not amenable to diagnosis.
After four weeks, antibodies begin to show in the blood - the primary syphilis becomes seropositive. Even in the absence of ulcers, the diagnosis at this time can already be put.
Some serological reactions may not be enough. For diagnosis, integrated research is used.
For high-quality diagnostics, the doctor will detail in detail about the state of the patient, complaints, will conduct a detailed inspection of rashes on the skin (if it is), mucous membrane. There are no compulsory blood tests that will show affected cells.
The procedure that will confirm or reject a bad diagnosis is a biopsy of the affected tissues. Thanks to the results of biopsy and other analyzes, the examination of the state of the doctor will identify the accurate diagnosis.
If the results turn out to be positive - there is a disease in the body. After positive results, it is necessary to undergo an inspection from other specialists.
Neurologist will determine whether the nervous system is amazed. The psychotherapist after observation of the state will determine how much the brain cells are amazed.
If the disease is in the third stage, infected can be put in the hospital or send to day hospital. In case of the disease of the first or second stage of syphilis, treatment can be carried out at home, conducting the necessary procedures and taking the necessary drugs.
The treatment of syphilis is carried out only in the hospital by a venereologist.
For this purpose, antibiotics are used:
The duration of treatment of primary syphilis is an average of 10-15 days, secondary and hidden tertiary syphilis - 20-28 days.
Prevention of congenital syphilis (if a woman got sick and treated in the first trimester of pregnancy) spend from 16 weeks. Early congenital syphilis treat penicillins for two weeks, late congenital syphilis - within 28 days.
Preventive treatment (persons in contact with the sick, but not yet infected) are treated by Bicyllin twice during the week.
All patients with syphilis should be aware of criminal liability in the event of a partner's deliberate infection, and are also required to provide all information about the persons with whom sex contacts had.
In case of refusal to treat the patient, forcibly (if necessary, with the help of the police) is hospitalized to the hospital.
Control tests after therapy of the primary, secondary, early hidden and congenital syphilis pass through 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months. After therapy of the late hidden and tertiary syphilis, control is necessary after 12 and 24 months.
Modern medicine guarantees complete cure from this disease. But these guarantees are real only if the disease has not switched to the last, third stage.
If the patient revealed the symptoms in time and turned to a doctor for help, then the treatment can last from a month to two. For the treatment of later stages will require at least one and two years old.
Each individual case requires individual treatment. Therefore, a single technique does not exist.
Antibiotics are prescribed to the treatment of syphilis by the attending venereologist. They are introduced intravenously every three hours.
This is usually penicillin, ampicillin. If the patient has allergic reactions, the patient can assign Sumamed.
This is a strong antibiotic, which, reaching high concentration, is able to persist in the affected tissues up to five days.
Today, the Internet you can find promises that there are methods that allow you to treat the disease for several sessions. This is a complete lie.
The treatment of syphilis is a long and complex process that requires frequent administration of drugs in a hospital. The doses of antibiotics are large enough, so patients must be under constant medical control.
After the end of treatment, the reaction to RW may remain positive for several years. Treatment does not guarantee that the disease will not happen again. There is no immunity to syphilis, so it is necessary to conduct preventive measures and be more educated in the choice of sexual partners.
In women and men, the treatment of syphilis must be comprehensive and individual. This is one of the most terrible venereal diseases, leading to serious consequences in case of improper treatment, so under no circumstances should be engaged in self-treatment at home.
The basis of the treatment of syphilis is antibiotics, due to them the effectiveness of treatment approached 100%. The patient can be treated with an outpatient basis, under the control of the doctor who appoints a comprehensive and individual treatment.
Today, penicillin derivatives in sufficient doses (benzylpenicillin) are used for anti-type therapy. It is unacceptable for premature cessation of treatment, it is necessary to undergo a complete course of treatment.
At the discretion of the attending physician may prescribe the complementary antibiotics treatment - immunomodulators, probiotics, vitamins, physiotherapy, etc. During the treatment of a man or women, any sexual contacts and alcohol are strictly contraindicated.
After the end of treatment, you must pass test analyzes. These may be non-refundable blood tests in quantitative execution (for example, RW with a cardiolipin antigen).
The treatment of syphilis is carried out in the skin-venereological dispensary, for a long time - 2-3 months.
At the same time, sexual contacts are excluded if the sick lives in the family, preventive courses are assigned to family members.
It is strictly strictly prohibited to be treated, as this can lead to the disappearance of symphilis symptoms, but not the disease itself.
The main method of treatment is the introduction of penicillin every three hours, it is carried out inpatient within 24 days. In the presence of individual intolerance to this group, syphilis antibiotics is treated with other preparations of similar effects.
In addition, the patient is prescribed immunostimulants and vitamin complexes.
It is necessary that the sexual partner also has been diagnosed and, when detecting infection, passed a course of treatment.
Dermatovenerologists are engaged in the treatment of patients together with other specialists (neurologists, ophthalmologists, therapists). Preparations are prescribed after detecting the pathogen or antibodies. To confirm the diagnosis, you will need:
For laboratory analyzes, separated secondary syphilides and blood are used. Before treating the patients, the smear from the genital tract on the microflora is necessarily investigated.
Syphilis is often combined with other STIs. If necessary, a biopsy of lymph nodes and lumba puncture are carried out to clarify the diagnosis.
The change in the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid indicates neurosimifilis. The mucous membranes are necessarily carried out.
Additional research methods for secondary syphilis are CT, MRI, radiography, angiography, pharyngoscopy, rhinoscopy, FEGDS, ultrasound and electrocardiography.
Differential diagnosis is carried out with piederms, smallpox, rubella, cortem, psoriasis, deprive and other skin diseases. With the damage to the oral mucosa, it is necessary to eliminate stomatitis, nonspecific angina and thrush.
In the presence of syphilitic rashes, etiotropic therapy is carried out.
Preparations of choice are penicillins. Bicyllin-3, Bicyllin-5 and benzylpenicillin sodium salt is exhibited in the greatest activity in respect of pale treponia. Reserve preparations are tetracyclines (doxal), macrolides (azithromycin fort) and cephalosporins (ceftriaxone kabi).
The treatment diagram is selected by a doctor (dermatovenerologist). Antibiotic is recommended to enter injectable.
The disease is characterized by disruption of the function of the internal organs therefore, in the therapy scheme includes symptomatic means (NSAIDs, eye drops). Immunostimulants are often prescribed.
The formidable complications of syphilis include the lesions of the central nervous system:
It is also possible to develop:
The effects of treated syphilis are usually concluded in reducing immunity, problems with the endocrine system, lesions of a chromosomal range of various severity. In addition, after the treatment of pale treponam, a latter reaction remains in the blood, which may not disappear until the end of life.
If syphilis is not detected and not cured, it can progress into tertiary (late) stage, which is the most destructive.
Complications of the late stage include:
If the infection of the trepalica proceeded during pregnancy, the consequences of the disease can manifest itself from a child who receives a pale trepony through the mother's placenta.
If the treatment of secondary syphilis is delayed, the following complications are developing:
When ignoring treatment, fabrics and the body will gradually slow down their work and begin to deteriorate. If the external signs disappeared for a while, do not rejoice and think that the disease passed independently.
It is thus basically a disease in tertiary syphilis proceeds. Therefore, the disappearance of symptoms means that when the symptoms are repeated, the symptoms will be much worse and stronger.
In an aggravated form, there is a massive elimination of cells throughout the body.
When malignant syphilis in a vigorous form, the patient may lose memory or obtain the development of sclerosis. A person can become irritable - the destruction of the nervous system leads to this.
As well as paralysis, which manifests itself in the recent case, when almost all organs reduce their work up to 2%, when, with normal operation, our body is 75.8%.
Recision secondary syphilis is well treatable. When ignoring the symptoms, complications and 3 stage of the disease are developing. Forecast with secondary syphilis is most often favorable. In order to avoid the development of this pathology, it is necessary:
In some cases, emergency prevention of the disease may be required. It is necessary at a high risk of infection.
Preventive measures include the emptying of the bladder, a thorough toilet of external genital organs and the use of antiseptics (Mirisminestine, chlorhexidine).
The testimony can use antibiotics. Thus, the second stage of the disease can lead to dangerous complications.
The most terrible of them is neurosophilis.
If you notice ailment, you have a strange rash throughout the body, you should immediately contact a specialist. After all, timely appeal to the doctor will allow preventing further defeat of your body to this disease.
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