Pirates! Gentlemen of marine spaces. For centuries, their names inspired fear people. Captain Flint, Jack Sparrow, John Silver, James Hook ... The list of their names can be continued for a long time! The thunderstorm of the Royal Fleet, cunning and insidious, "people without honor and conscience", tireless adventurers. It is about such Fearless Sea, read below.
1 Jetro Flint (1680-1718)
The famous captain Flint begins to our today's selection. Despite the fact that this is the name of a fictional character created by the thought of the Scottish writer Robert Lewis Stevenson, his mention is worthy of this selection. Flint was a merciless man. The confirmation of this is the famous pirate song, in which there are words - "fifteen people on the chest of dead man, Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of Roma." It was fifteen who became involuntary witnesses of the place where Flint buried his treasures. And by this they signed their death sentence.
2 Henry Morgan (1635-1688)
The name of this pirate, we know on the film "The Hearts of Three", shot on the name of the novel of Jack London.
However, in contrast to the previous participant of our selection, Henry Morgan really existed. He was not only a pirate, but also a man who had assistance to England in obtaining control over the entire Caribbean region. For this, he received the rank of Governor Jamaica. However, the sea could not part with his favorite, and as a result of the earthquake, the cemetery, which was buried the old pirate, went under the water. The cause of Morgan's death was a liver disease caused by irrepressible use of Roma - a beloved drink of pirates.
3 Francis Drake (1540-1596)
Despite the fact that Francis was born in the priest's family, he was not an exemplary Christian. This was facilitated by the blessing of the queen of England, which was ready for everything, only the Spaniards were not the leading power of the world. At 18, Drake becomes the captain of the pirate ship, which robs and destroys the property of Spain. In 1572, he participates in the seizure of the Spanish "silver caravan", thanks to which it brought the execution of 30,000 kg of silver. In addition, possessing the desire to visit unknown countries, Drake was a member. Thanks to her, the treasury of England received income, three times higher than its annual budget. In addition, the British became acquainted with the then more exotic vegetable - potatoes. For this, Drake was dedicated to the knights and received the title of Admiral.
4 William Kidd (1645-1701)
His fate became a reminder to all pirates about inevitable punishment. In the sentence of the court, he was executed, and his body was placed on the metal cell in London for more than 23 years old. The reason for this, the pirated chains of Kidda, who was a real disaster not only for the French, but also for the British.
This name is forever entered into piracy annals. The life of this girl is a solid series of love-adventurous adventures. Initially, she piates with her father. Then, after the death of his father, she herself becomes the leadership of the Owen clan. With a saber in hands and lean hair, she forced her enemies tremble. However, this did not prevent her to love and be beloved. The mother of four children, even being in the already elderly, continued to make raids. At the same time, she rejected the proposal of the Queen of England, about admission to the service of her royal majesty.
6 Olivier (Francois) Le Wasser (1690-1730)
One of the most famous pirates whose homeland was France. Without direct participation in pirated raids directed against the British and Spaniards, Wasser, meanwhile, received the lion's share of all extraction. The reason for this was the island of Tortuga (the current Haiti), turned into this talented engineer into an impregnable fortress and the refuge for piracy elements. There is a legend that over the years of the island management, he copied more than 235 million pounds. But his character spoiled over time, played a foul joke with him, as a result of which he became food for sharks. Gold, not found so far, remained hidden somewhere on the islands in the middle of the world.
7 William Dampir (1651-1715)
Despite the fact that the main occupation of William Damira was piracy, he was also considered the father of modern oceanography. This is explained by the fact that he not only piracted, but also described all his travels and what was connected with them. The result of this was the book called "New Travel around the World".
8 JV Schi (1785-1844)
"Night Butterfly," who first became his wife, and then the widow of the famous pirate was Jen., she inherited after the death of her husband more than 400 vessels, former throat of the Fleet of China. On the courts, the strictest discipline was introduced, which put the end of such pirate liberty as the allied robbery and violence against the prisoners. In addition, it was known in history as a scholator of public houses and a patronage of gambling.
9 Jeep Barbarossa (1473-1518)
Son of Gonchar. His homeland was the island of Lesbos. Probably because he did not find his big love on him, and maybe because of the capture of the island by the Turks, Barbarossa becomes a pirate in 16 years. After 4 years, he concludes a contract with the authorities of Tunisia, according to which he can create its base on one of the islands, and in exchange, it is divided by a percentage of profits. Soon he becomes Sultan Algeria. However, as a result of a collision with the Spaniards, he was killed. His receiver was the younger brother, known as Barbarossa second.
10 Edward Tich (1680-1718)
This name is not scarecrow, the English and French government. Thanks to his courage and cruelty, the tich soon became one of the most terrible pirates operating in the area of \u200b\u200bJamaica. By 1718, more than 300 people fought under his leadership. The enemies led to the horror of the Tich's face, almost completely closed with a black beard, in which they smoked philitol into it. In November 1718, TIC was overtaken by the English lieutenant Mainardt and after a short trial, was rummaged in ree. It was he who became a prototype of the legendary Jetroou Flint, from the "Treasure Island".
Pirates at all times were associated with the seekers of adventures, robbers, robbers and robberies that had gained fame not only at sea, in love exploits, but even in politics. But let's look at their activities in the maritime expanses, since it was she brought those fabric wealth that are still looking for. Even the names of pirate ships were called upon to get their opponents, and the flag "Jolly Roger" and inspired the panic fear of the team of an attacked vessel.
Speaking about the Piracy Epoch, it is worth considering that not all adherents of this way of earning and existence were pirates in direct understanding of this word. In those days, there was a division on frank robbers, corsars, capers, flibusers, etc.
Interestingly, kaperism was legalized in England, who tried with all their might not allow Spain into a new light. Roughly speaking, the English crown sadly squeezed patents on the robbery of Spanish galleons, which with gold and silver were returned from both Americas.
But in general, if you make a list of the most desperate and famous for your era, he could look something like this:
Naturally, each of these thugs preferred to have a private ship, and if possible, the flotilla from three and more vessels. However, if the secondary ships had the names sometimes even satirical, the flagship was mandatory to wear such a name so that it was at all on the lips. Often, allegories were used or frankly calling names. Here is an incomplete list of the most famous ships of that time (the names of pirate ships in English or French are brought together with Russian translation):
And this is not all. Very often it was possible to meet the names of pirate ships like "omnipresent death", "Victoria - Bloody Baroness", "Prize of Good luck", "Bell", "Cerber", "Black Widow", "Leviathan", "shaving water", in General, fantasy enough with excess. But let's focus on what the famous pirate ships were. Their names did not always reflect the true essence of the threat, because by and large, Spanish galleons were 36-48-cannon frigates, which were not possible to take on the board for capture. The pirate vessel would be shot even on the approach, no matter how well it maneuvered.
Therefore, usually the robbers were content with frigates rank down. Having on board 24, 36 or 40 guns - was considered riding. And the accompaniment of several ships from 20 or even 12 cannons on board could play a decisive role in the battle.
Despite the loud and sometimes intimidating names of pirate ships, they could not always compare with the same Spanish ships or the English fleet.
So, for example, the "adventure" of William Kidda was a 34-cannon brigantine-frigate of an unusual type (with straight sails and a verte command).
"Revenge of Queen Anna", originally called "Concord", was more powerful, having 40 guns. The "Golden Lan" first descended from the stapels as called Pelican, according to different estimates, from 18-22 cannons.
In the literature, the names of pirate ships were replenished with another well-known character - Captain Bloom (Raphael Sabatini - "Odyssey Captain Blade", "Chronicles of Captain Blade"), whose unrequited love for the daughter of the Governor of Barbados (and then Jamaica) made it be called seized by the Spaniards 36- The cannon frigate "Sinko Llagos" is named. Since then, "Arabella" has become a thunderstorm of the seas.
By the way, the name is mentioned in the work, and the name of Levasezer, and his ship is called "La Futr" ("Lightning"). There is also the name "Avenger" (Avenger) of one of the permanent opponents of the Main Hero - Captain Eastrling.
Captain Blood in his characteristic humorous manner gave the name to the secondary courts like "Elizabeth" (in honor of the Queen of England) or in honor of the three Greek goddesses - "Atropos", "Cloto" and "Lahzis".
Only by the end of the story was captured by the 80-gun frigate "Viktoriez", which was commanded by Baron de Ryarolol. But rename him, according to the plot, the author could not, because Blood became the governor, and his ships entered the Jamaican squadron.
And how to do without the "black pearl" from the Quadrology "Pirates of the Caribbean"? Here there are also your nuances. The name of Captain Barbossa clearly echoes Barbarosse.
And about " Flying Dutchman"In general, it is not necessary to speak. In the film, it is indicated that this is a ship although no one knows who belonged to the ghost vessel, and whether it exists at all and is only in a single copy.
Well, if you take into account that kids love this kind of adventure, the name of the pirate ship is easy for children, because they often have a much more developed than an adult. Even the usual names like "Thunderstorm" or "Thunder" will fit. Here children are the masters of using associations that their peers scare.
But, seriously, the names of pirate ships are very often associated with distracted concepts or mystical phenomena, but rather, with the story of England, because most of these successor luck, one way or another, were associated with the English crown, and by and large, fought against the Spaniards. Naturally, there were those who robbed without parsing, but kaperism in those times was, so to speak, the most gentleman craft with a huge number of restrictions. Take the same Henry Morgan, who later became the Vice-Governor of Jamaica, or Sir (English Admiral). The story is full of surprises ...
There is not so many documentaries dedicated to piracy. Many of the existing facts are true only in part. Information about who in reality these people had a lot of different interpretations. As it often happens in the absence of reliable data from first hand, this topic dedicated quite large amounts of folklore. Given all the above, we decided to submit a dossier on several legendary marine robbers.
Activity period: 1696-1701
Territories: East Coast of North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean.
As died: he was hanged in a specially designated place in the docks located in the eastern district of London. Subsequently, his body was posted over the Thame, where it saved for three years as a prevention of potential marine robber.
What is famous: the founder of the idea of \u200b\u200bburied treasures.
In fact, the exploits of this Scottish seaman and the British caper did not differ in particular extraordinary. Kidd participated in several small battles with pirates and other ships as a caper on the order of the British authorities, but none of them significantly affected the course of history.
The most interesting thing is that the legend of Captain Kidde appeared after his death. At the time of his career, many colleagues and bosses suspected him to exceed the caper powers and in piracy in piracy. After the occurrence of irrefutable evidence of his actions, Military Courts were sent to him, which were supposed to return Kidd to London. Suspecting what it expects, KIDD presumably buried outless wealth on the island of Gardines off the coast of New York. He wanted to use these treasures as insurance and a tool tool.
The British court did not impress the stories about the buried treasury, and Kidd was sentenced to the gallows. So suddenly his story ended and legend appeared. It is thanks to the efforts and skill of writers who are interested in the adventures of a terrible robber, Cidithip Kidd became one of the most famous pirates. The actual acts significantly lost the glory of other marine robbers of the time.
Activity period: 1719-1722
Territories: from the eastern shores of North America to the eastern shores of Africa.
As died: a cannon shot during the battle against the British fleet was killed.
What is famous: it can be considered the most successful pirate.
Despite the fact that Bartolomew Roberts can not be called the most famous pirate, he was the best in everything, for which he was taken. During his career, he managed to capture more than 470 ships. He wrapped in the waters of the Indian and Atlantic Ocean. In his youth, when he was a sailor aboard the merchant ship, his ship together with all the crew was captured by pirates.
Thanks to his navigation skills, Roberts was profitably allocated from the total hostage mass. Therefore, soon became a valuable scene for the pirates vessel who captured their ship. In the future, he was waiting for an incredible career takeoff, which led to the fact that he became the captain of the marine robbing team.
Over time, Roberts came to the conclusion that it is very meaningless to fight for the miserable life of an honest employee. From that moment on, his motto has become a statement that it is better to live long, but in his pleasure. It can be safely argued that the completion of the golden age of piracy came up with the death of 39-year-old Roberts.
Activity period: 1716-1718
Territories: Caribbean Sea and the East Coast of North America.
How died: in battle against the British fleet.
What is famous: successfully blocked the port Charleston. He had a bright appearance and a thick dark beard, in which, during the battles, woven fittilis, frightening the enemy emitted smoke clubs.
It was probably the most famous pirate, both in terms of pirate delete and in terms of the look of the appearance. He managed to mobilize a rather impressive fleet of pirate ships and head it in many battles.
So, the flotilla under the command of the black beard was able to block the port Charleston for several days. During this time, they captured several ships and took a set of hostages, which subsequently endured various medicines for the crew. For many years, Tich has kept the Atlantic coast and Island of West India.
So it lasted until his ship surrounded the British fleet. This happened during the battle off the coast of North Carolina. Then I managed to kill many British. He himself died from multiple blows of sabers and firearms wounds.
Activity period: 1717-1720
Territories: Indian Ocean and Caribbean Sea.
As died: died shortly after removing the vessel and landing on Mauritius from the command.
What is famous: the first began to use the flag with the image of a classic "Merry Roger".
Edward Ingland became a pirate after capturing a gang of thugs. He was just forced to join the team. After a short stay in the waters Caribbean He was waiting for a rapid rise in a pirated career ladder.
As a result, he began to command his own ship used for attacks on a slave court in the Indian Ocean. It was he who came up with a flag with the image of a skull over two crossed femured bones. This flag subsequently became a classic piracy symbol.
Activity period: 1718-1720
Territory: the water of the Caribbean.
As died: he was hanged on Jamaica.
What is famous: the first pirate, allowing women to stay aboard.
Kalico Jack cannot be counted for the category of successful pirates. Its main occupation was the seizure of small commercial and fishing vessels. In 1719, during a short response attempt to resign, the pirate met and loved Ann Bonnie, who subsequently changed into men's clothing and joined his team.
After some time, the Rackham team captured the Dutch trading ship, and herself who was unaware, took another woman in a male dress on board a pirate vessel. Reed and Bonnie turned out to be brave and brave pirates than and glorified Rekham. Jack itself can not be called a good captain.
When his crew captured the vessel of the Governor of Jamaica, Racham was so drunk, which did not even manage to joke, and only Mary and Ann defended their ship to the latter. Before the execution, Jack asked about a date with Ann Bonnie, but she scored a flattelling word instead of a deathly comforting word, he told her former lover that his pity causes her indignation.
Sushi paddle! Now I will tell you about that without which no sailor would not be a sailor, about that without which sea wolves would be ordinary land overannants. I will tell you about pirate ships!
The pirate ship served several functions at once. It was a barrack for the crew, as well as a warehouse for trophies. Since the number of pirate crews usually exceeded the number of crews of simple ships, the places on the ships were often lacking. The pirate ship was a martial vehicle, so he had to carry powerful cannonial weapons. In addition, pirates not only attacked, but they often had to leave against chase, so the ship should have had increased speed. In order for the pirate ship to answer all the requirements, the pirates had to rebuild the ordinary trade or warships captured by them. Strictly speaking, in the maritime terminology, the word "ship" means a three-volume vessel with a complete set of direct sailing weapons. Such "ships" met in pirates very rarely.
American colonial schooner of the XVIII century.
Schuhan's slut differed smaller sizes
and the presence of only one mast. Both types were
popular among pirates for their speed and low sediment.
Pirates received their ships as a result of capture in the sea or rebellion of the team. If the ship captured in this way turned out to be completely unsuitable for pirated activities, he threw it, barely managed to get something more suitable. Pirates also often became former capers. Covere ships initially adapted for pirated activities. After the contract, Kaperi, who did not want to stop their fishery, turned into pirates. Some pirates all their careers (usually short) floated on the same ship, others changed the ship several times. So, Bartolomew Roberts changed the ship six times, each time appropriating the name "Royal Forch". The captured ships of the pirates either were treated or sold, or used them themselves.
Kaperism, bloomed during the war years of the Spanish legacy (1700-1714), led to the fact that many ships were built, initially intended for kaperism. English kaperies after the completion of the war almost magically engaged in kaperism. Kaperism was legal piracy. Kaper ships approached equally for pirated activities, without requiring any alteration. The same capers who managed to overcome the temptation to become pirates came to the service for local authorities and engaged in fighting pirates.
Pirates preferred small, but high-speed ships like sluts, brigandine or shhun. Caribbean sautes were perfect for the role of a pirate ship. Some pirate crews preferred to use larger and spacious ships. Small ships other than speed have had an advantage over large in sediment. This allowed them to act on shallow water, where big ships did not risk swimming. Small ships were easier to repair and clean the trim to maintain high-speed. To clean the bottom, the ship was pulled ashore and robbed algae and sinks during the swimming.
When reworking, unnecessary bulkheads between the decks of the ship were usually removed. This allowed to free the place on the gun deck. The tank was usually cut and the quarters drops, so that the upper deck goes from the nose to the stern. Due to the extent, an open combat platform was created. Additional ports for guns were done in the sides, and the carrier elements of the housing were intensified to compensate for the increase in the load. On the plank was installed swivel guns.
"Royal James" and "Henry" fight from Cape Fir River, North Carolina, September 27, 1718. Having learned about the close presence of Styd Bonnet,
governor of Colony South Carolina sent Colonel William Rett
to hunt for pirate. The pursuit ended with the battle, as a result of which
Bonna capitulated, was captured and he heated later.
Types of pirate ships
Sluts
At the beginning of the XVIII century, under the slut, various ships were involved in the Caribbean Islands. Crates were usually small single-way ships carrying disproportionately powerful sailing weapons. It made them fast and maneuverable, which in combination with a little precipitate turned them into an ideal pirate ship. Usually, the boat equipped with oblique main sail and the clival on the nose. Sluts could also call two- and three-matched ships with similar sailing arms.
Bartolomew Roberts on the West Archikan coast.
For his back fleet from the slave trade courts captured by him.
There are "Royal Forch" and "Great Reinder" - ships
Roberts. The images of two flags are clearly visible.
Schununa
Throughout the XVIII century, Schunov became an increasingly common type of ship. Usually schunifices are defined as two-dimensional ships with oblique sails on both masts. A narrow body and a large square of the sails were made by rapidly, the usual schooner speed with associated wind exceeded 11 nodes. Shauna sediment was also small, which allowed them to swim freely among the shames and near the shore. With displacement of up to 100 tons, pirated schooner carried 8 guns and the crew of about 75 people. The disadvantage of schooners was insufficient navigation distance. It had often to go to the ports to replenish water and food stocks. However, with sufficient leading and skill, the pirates are all that they needed to take into the sea.
Brigandines
Another type of ships that often encountered the American coast was Brigrad. Brigandina - a two-way ship, on the Fock Mast carries straight sails, and on the grotto the mast oblique the lower sail and direct Marseilles. Such sailing arms allows brigandine to effectively go both Fordewind and Beyderend. Brigandine's length is about 24 m, displacement of about 150 tons, crew 100 people, armament 12 guns.
The brigandine variant was Brig, but this type of ship rarely met in American waters. Brig carried straight sails on both masts, although oblique sails were sometimes put between the masts. Sometimes the grotty mast was put as a braid hansel sail. In this form, the ship was called Snavoy. Royal Fleet Used Shnyavi as patrol ships in Caribbean waters.
Three-volume ships (direct sailing arms)
Three-volume ships with direct sailing weapons could be considered ships in the full sense of the word. Although the three-matched ships were slower than pirate shhun and sluts, they still had a number of indisputable advantages. First of all, they differed in the best seaworthiness, carried more severe weapons and could accommodate a numerous crew. Many pirates, including Bartholomew Robert and Charles Wein preferred three-person ships.
Three-volume trading ships were actively used at that time. Queen En Revenge Edward Ticha was a convened worker ship adapted to carry 40 guns. Typically, a trade vessel with a displacement of 300 tons carried more than 16 guns. Three-volume combat ships were divided into several ranks. The 6th rank ship carried from 12 to 24 guns. The ship of the 5th rank has already carried up to 40 guns. This weapon is usually more than enough in order to defeat any pirate in artillery battle. The exception was only "Royal Thongs" Roberts and "Queen En Revenge" Tich, as well as several other pirated ships that carried comparable weapons.
Pirate ships in the sea
The peak of marine robes came at the XVII century, when the world ocean was the steering of the struggle between Spain, England and some other gains of European colonial powers. Most often, the pirates earned a living with independent criminal robbery, but some of them turned out to be public service And purposefully applied the harm to a foreign fleet. Below is a list of ten most famous pirates in history.
William Kidd (January 22, 1645 - May 23, 1701) - a Scottish sailor who was convicted and executed for piracy after returning from swimming in the Indian Ocean, where he had to hunt the pirates. It is considered one of the most cruel and bloodthirsty sea robbers of the seventeenth century. Hero of many mysterious stories. Some modern historians, for example, Sir Cornelius Neil Dalton, consider him a pirated reputation unfair.
Bartolomew Roberts (May 17, 1682 - February 17, 1722) - Welsh pirate, who in two and a half years robbed about 200 ships (on another version of 400 ships) in the vicinity of Barbados and Martinique. It is known, first of all, as the opposite of the traditional pirate. He was always well dressed, had refined manners, hated drunkenness and gambling, did well with the crew captured by him. It was killed a cannonic creek during a battle with the British military ship.
Black beard or Edward Tich (1680 - November 22, 1718) - English pirate, industrial in the Caribbean in 1716-1718. He liked to unail horror in his enemies. During the battle, the flags walked in the beard in the beard of the felt and in the clubs of smoke, like Satan from Hell, burst into the ranks of the enemy. Due to unusual appearance and eccentric behavior, the story made it one of the most famous pirates, despite the fact that his "career" was rather short, and the success and scope of activity is much smaller, compared with his other colleagues from this list.
Jack Rackham (December 21, 1682 - November 17, 1720) - English pirate, famous, primarily the fact that his team included two no less famous Corsairs, Women-pirates Ann Bonnie on the nicknamed "Lady of the Seas" and Mary Reed.
Charles Vane (1680 - March 29, 1721) - English Pirate, who robbed ships from 1716 to 1721 in North America's waters. He became famous for his extreme cruelty. As the story says, Wain was not attached to such feelings as compassion, pity and sympathy, he with ease violated his own promises, did not respect other pirates and was not considered at all with any other way. The meaning of his life was only mining.
Edward Inglands (1685 - 1721) - Pirate, acting off the coast of Africa and in the waters of the Indian Ocean from 1717 to 1720. From other pirates of that time, he was distinguished by the fact that he did not kill prisoners, without much necessity. Ultimately, this led to the fact that his team raised the riot when he refused to kill sailors from the next captured English shopping ship. Subsequently, Ingland was planted at Madagascar where for a while survived, doing begging, and in the end he died.
Samuel Bellamy on nicknamed Black Sam (February 23, 1689 - April 26, 1717) - Great English Sailor and Pirate, who has been produced at the beginning of the XVIII century. Although his career lasted a little more than a year, he and his team captured at least 53 ships, which made the Black Sam's richest pirate in history. Bellamy was also known for his grace and generosity towards who he captured in his raids.
Said al-Hurra (1485 - around July 14, 1561) - the last Queen of Tetuan (Morocco), which was ruled between 1512-1542, pirate. In the Union with the Ottoman Corsary, Jarm Barbarossee from Algeria Al-Hura controlled the Mediterranean Sea. He became famous for his struggle against Portuguese. It is considered to be one of the most prominent women of the Islamic West of the modern era. Date and accurate circumstances of her death are unknown.
Thomas Tju (1649 - September 1695) - English caper and pirate, which made only two major pirate travels, later known as a "pirate circle". He was killed in 1695 when I was trying to rob the Mogulsky ship "Fatech Muhammad".
Styd Bonnet (1688 - 10 December 1718) - an outstanding English pirate, on the nicknamed "Pirate gentleman". Interestingly, before Bonnet turned to piracy, he was a rather rich, educated and respected man who owns plantation on Barbados.
Madame Shea, or Mrs. Zheng - one of the most famous women-pirates in the world. After the death of her husband, he inherited his pirate flotilla and put a marine robbery on a wide leg. Under its beginning there were two thousand ships and seventy thousand people. Command the whole army helped her the most severe discipline. For example, for unauthorized abuse from the ship, the ear was deprived of the ear. Not all subordinate Madame Shea were satisfied with such a state of affairs, and one of the captains once lifted the riot and moved to the direction of the authorities. After Madame Shea's power was weakened, she went agreed on a truce with the emperor and later survived to advanced years on freedom, driving a public house.
Francis Drake is one of the most famous pirates in the world. Actually, he was not a pirate, but the Corsary, acting on the seas and oceans against enemy ships for the special resolution of Queen Elizabeth. The devastation of the coast of Central and South America, he is unpretentiously rich. Drake made a lot of great acts: he opened the strait, which called in his honor, under his command, the British fleet defeated the Great Armada. Since then, one of the ships of the English navy wears the name of the famous navigator and Korsara Francis Drake.
The list of the most famous pirates will be incomplete without name Henry Morgan. Despite the fact that he was born in the wealthy family of the English landowner, from youth Morgan connected his life with the sea. He hired one of the Jung's ships and was soon sold to slavery on Barbados. He managed to move to Jamaica, where Morgan joined the pirate of pirates. Some successful hiking allowed him to buy a ship with comrades. Morgana chose the captain, and it was a good solution. A few years later, under his beginning there were 35 ships. With such a fleet, he managed to capture Panama per day and burn the whole city. Since Morgan acted mainly against Spanish ships and conducted an active English colonial policy, after his arrest, the pirate was not executed. On the contrary, for British rendered services in the fight against Spain Henry Morgan received the position of Vice-Governor of Jamaica. The famous Corsair died at the age of 53 from the liver cirrhosis.
Edward Tich, or a black beard - one of the most famous pirates in the world. His name heard almost everyone. He lived and engaged in sea wake-up tic in the most heying of the golden century piracy. Entering the service at the age of 12, he received a valuable experience, which was then commemorated in the future. According to historians, TIC participated in the war for the Spanish inheritance, and after her graduation deliberately decided to become a pirate. The glory of the ruthless flibuster helped the black beard to capture the vessel without the use of weapons - seeing his flag, the victim surrendered without a fight. The cheerful life of the pirate lasted for a long time - Tich died during the boarding battle with his pursuing his British military jet.
The most famous pirates in history include Henry Every on nicknamed launch bin. The Father of the Future of the famous Bukanger was the captain of the British fleet. From childhood, Everi hit by star travel. He began his career on the fleet, he began Jung. Then Everie received the appointment by the first assistant to the Corsa frigate. The ship's team soon raised the uprising, and the first assistant was proclaimed by the Captain of the Pirate Ship. So Everie became on the path of piracy. It became famous for capturing the ships of the Indian pilgrims heading to Mecca. The production of pirates was unheard of at the time: 600 thousand pounds and the daughter of the Great Mogola, on which he was officially married. How the life of the famous Flibuster ended, is unknown.
AMARO PARGO - one of the most famous flibusers of the golden century piracy. PARGO engaged in transportation of slaves and earned a state on this. Wealth allowed him to engage in charity. Locked to the honorable age.
Famous mighty pirate from Turkey. He was characterized by cruelty, ruthlessness, love for bullying and executions. Pirated business was engaged together with Brother Khair. Barbarossa pirates were a thunderstorm of the entire Mediterranean. So, in 1515, the entire Agir coast was under the rule of Justice Barbarossa. Fights under his command were sophisticated, bloody and victorious. Aruk Barbarossa died during the battle, surrounded by the troops of opponents in Tellesen.
Seaflomer from England. By vocation was a researcher and the discoverer. Made 3 round-the-world travel. Pirate has become in order to have means for its research activities - studying the direction of winds and flows in the ocean. William Dampir is the author of such books as "travel and descriptions", "new journey around the world", "Wind direction". His name is named archipelago in the north-west coast of Australia, as well as the shed between the Western Coast of New Guinea and the Vaigo Island.
Woman pirate, legendary captain, Lady of luck. Her life was full of colorful adventures. Grace had a heroic courage, an unprecedented purposefulness and high talent of a pirate case. For enemies, she was a nightmare, for adherents as an object of admiration. Despite the fact that she had three children from the first marriage and 1 child from the second, Grace O'Mail continued his favorite business. Its activity was so successful that the Queen of Elizabeth II was offered Grace to serve her, to which he received a decisive refusal.
Ann Bonnie, one of the few women who succeeded in piracy grown in a rich mansion and got a good education. However, when the father decided to marry her, she escaped from the house with a simple sailor. After some time, Ann Bonnie met the pirate of Jack Rackham and he took her to his ship. According to eyewitnesses, Bonnie was not inferior to man-pirates in courage and ability to fight.
The Bahamas, today's respectable resort, and its capital - the city of Nassau, once there were the capital of maritime lawlessness. In the XVII century, there was no governor who formally belonging to the British crown, and the brazers of the board with a head took their hands into their hands. At that time, more than a thousand marine robbers lived on the Bahamas, and the squadrons of the most famous pirate captains moored in the harbors. The city of Nassau Pirates preferred to call on their way Charlztaun. The world on the Bahamas returned only in 1718, when the British troops, landing on the bugs, returned their control over Nassau.
"Jolly Roger" - a black flag with a skull and bones - is often called the main pirate symbol. But it is not so. He, rather, the most famous and spectacular. However, it was used not as often as it is considered. As a pirate flag, he appeared only in the XVII century, that is, already on the detention of the golden era of piracy. And they didn't use all pirates by all, since each captain decided himself, under what flag to make raids. So, along with the "Merry Roger," there were dozens of pirate flags, and the skull with bones among them did not stand out in particularly popular.
Books and movies do not lie: pirates almost stolely wore earrings. They were even part of a pirate ritual of initiation: young pirates received an earring at the first intersection of the equator or the transition through Cape Horn. The fact is that among the pirates there was a conviction that the earring in the ear helps to preserve vision and even contributes to the curable of blindness. It is this pirate superstition that led to mass fashion for earrings among marine robbers. Some even tried to use them for a double appointment, putting a swing from drowning on the earring. Also a earring, removed from the ear of the murdered pirate, could guarantee the crash worthy funeral.
Oddly enough, women in pirate teams were not so rare. Even female captains were not so little. The most famous of them are Chinese Chang and Sao, Mary Reed and, of course, the famous Ann Bonnie. Ann was born in the family of a wealthy Irish lawyer. Parents from an early age dressed her as a boy to help her father in Ois as a clerk. The boring life of the assistant lawyer did not prengear Ann, and she fled from the house, having come to the pirates and quickly becoming the captain due to its determination. According to rumors, Ann Bonnie was characterized by a quick-tempered character and often beat his assistants if they tried to challenge her opinion.
Anyone who watched a movie about pirates, for sure at least once thought: why are there so many one-eyed among them? The headband for a long time remained an indispensable part of the pirate image. However, the pirates were worn at all because they had lacking eyes. It was simple, it was convenient for a quick and more accurate aiming in battle, and to wear it to the battle was too long - the rougher was to wear it without removing.
Pirates could create any dimensions on the shore, but a strict discipline reigned on board pirate ships, because the life of marine robbers depended on it. Each pirate, entering the ship, signed a contract with the captain, stiping his rights and obligations. The main responsibilities were unquestioned submission to the captain. Even to contact a simple pirate directly to the commander did not have the right. It could do at the insistence of the sailors only the appointed team representative - as a rule, boatswain. In addition, the contract was strictly determined by the pirate part of the production, and for an attempt to hide the captured immediate execution, it was done to avoid bloody disassembly on board.
Among the naval robbers were not only the poor who went into the sea for the lack of other livelihoods, or runaway criminals at all who did not know the possibilities of legal earnings. There were among them and people from rich and even noble families. For example, the most famous pirate William Kidd - Captain Kidd - was the son of the Scottish nobleman. Initially, he was an officer of the British Navy and the pirates hunter. But congenital cruelty and passion for adventure pushed him to another path. In 1698, under the cover of the French flag, Kidd captured the British merchant ship, loaded with gold and silver. When the first prize was so impressive - could KIDD refuse to continue career?
The legends of the wicked pirate trends there are many - much more than the treasures themselves. From the famous pirates, only one is reliably known that he really burned the treasures - it made William Kidd, hoping to use them as a ransom if it was caught. It did not help him - after catching he was immediately executed as a pirate. Usually, pirates did not leave behind large conditions. Pirates were great, the teams are numerous, and for each member of the team, including captain, inherited someone from his friends-colleagues. At the same time, understanding that their age is a short, pirates preferred to silent money, and not to hide them in the views of a very unreliable future.
If you judge the films, the most common way of execution in the pirates was "Walking in re", when a person with connected hands was forced to go through a thin re la, until he fell over the board and never drown. In fact, such a punishment was rare and was applied only to the sworn personal enemies - to see their fear or panic. The traditional punishment was "pulling under the keel" when punished for the disobedience of the pirate or a challenge prisoner, with the help of ropes, descended overboard and dragged under the bottom of the ship, pulling out with back side. A good swimmer during the punishment could not carefully not choke, but the body of the punished turned out to be so sled to the shells. Looping the bottom that recovery took the long week. The punished easily could die, and again, rather from RAS than from drowning.
After the film "Pirates of the Caribbean Sea", many believe that the nest of world piracy was central America. In fact, piracy was equally distributed in all regions - from Britain, whose capers, pirates at the royal service, were horrified to European Courts, to Southeast Asia, where piracy remained real power until the twentieth century. And already raids of the northern peoples on the cities of ancient Russia along the rivers were the most real pirate raids!
In difficult times, many hunters, shepherds and loggers went into pirates not for adventures, but for a banal bunch of bread. This in particular concerned residents of Central America countries, where in the XVII-XVIII centuries the endless battle of European powers for the colony was followed. Permanent armed shocks were deprived of people not only work, but also at home, and the seaside residents of seaside settlements knew since childhood. So they left there, where they had a chance to be filled and not too think about tomorrow.
State piracy is a phenomenon that existed since ancient times. Berber Corsairs served the Ottoman Empire, Dunkrian kaperi consisted of service in Spain, and Britain in the era of dominion over the ocean held a whole fleet of kaperov - military vessels who excited enemy trading ships, and Corsaars - private persons engaged in the same fishery. Despite the fact that public pirates were engaged in the same craft that their free fellows, the difference in their position was huge. The captured pirates were subject to immediate execution, while Corsair with the appropriate patent could count on the status of a prisoner of war, fast redemption and the state award - like Henry Morgana, who received the post of Governor of Jamaica for the Corsair service.
Today's pirates instead of the boarding saber are armed with contemporary machines, and sailing ships prefer modern high-speed boats. However, they act as strongly and ruthlessly that their ancient predecessors. Adenian Bay, Malacca Strait and Coastal Waters of Madagascar Island are considered the most dangerous places from the point of view of attacking pirates, and civilians do not advise to enter there without an armed convoy.
With the advent of the famous Jack Sparrow Pirates turned into a kind of cartoon characters of modern pop culture. And because it is easy to forget that the real marine robbers were more terrible than their Hollywood parody. It was cruel mass killers and slave owners. In short, it was pirates. Real pirates, not miserable caricatures. What does the following testifies to ...
French Pirate Francois Olon hated Spain with all the heart. At the beginning of his pirated career, Olon almost died from the hands of Spanish Marauders, but instead of reconsider his life and become, say, a farmer, he decided to devote himself to hunting on the Spaniards. He clearly expressed his attitude to this people after he declined the whole team that he went on the path of the Spanish ship, with the exception of a single person, who sent to his fellows to convey the following words: "From that day, no Spaniard will receive from me Neither Cent ".
But these were only flowers. Given what happened next, we can say that the decapitated Spaniards are even easily separated.
Having earned a reputation as a puzzle, Olona gathered eight pirate ships and several hundred people under his command and went to terrorize the coast of South America, destroying Spanish cities, exciting ships sent to Spain, and generally delivering a strong headache to this state.
Nevertheless, luck sharply turned away from Olon when he returns from the next raid on the coast of Venezuela, he pleased in the ambush who exceeded him in the number of Spanish soldiers. Here, the explosions thundered there, the pirates flew into pieces, and Olon hardly managed to escape from this meat grinder, passing by capturing several hostages. But on this difficultness did not conclude, for Olon and his team still needed to leave alive with enemy territory and not contracted to another ambush, which they would simply not aback.
What did Olon do? He pulled out a saber, closed on his chest of one of the Spanish hostages, pulled his heart and "dug into him his teeth, like a greedy wolf, saying the rest:" You are waiting for the same if you don't show me a way out. "
Being intimidation worked, and soon the pirates were out of danger. If you are curious what happened to the heads of the beheads of the Spaniards, about which we mentioned earlier ... Well, let's say this: a whole week pirates fed like kings.
Despite the familiar name and French origin, Jean Lafite was a real king of pirates. He had his own island in Louisiana, he robbed ships and spent smuggling stolen good in New Orleans. Lafite was so successful that when the Governor Louisiana proposed $ 300 for his catch (in those days, 300 bucks constituted half the country's budget), the pirate in response offered $ 1,000 for the capture of the governor himself.
Newspapers and authorities painted Lafita with a dangerous and cruel criminal and a massive killer, seeing the 1800s bin Laden, if you want. Apparently the Atlantic Ocean crossed the fame of him, since in 1814 the letter was transferred to the lafitus, signed by King Georg III, who offered to Pirate British citizenship and land if he fell on their side. He also promised that he would not destroy his little island and sell it in pieces. Lafite asked him to give him a few days at thought ... And, in the meantime, he hurried straight to New Orleans to warn Americans about the onset of the British.
So, maybe the United States Jean Lafit was and not like, but the United States was like native Lafita.
Let him not be an American, the Lafite treated a new country with respect and even told his fleet not to attack the American ships. One pirate that has disappointing his order, the lafit killed personally. In addition, Privatir treated hostages well and sometimes returned their ships if they were not suitable for a pirate case. Residents of New Orleans believed Lafitis almost a hero, since the smuggling brought to them allowed people to buy things that they otherwise could not afford.
So, how did the American authorities respond to the report of the future of the British attack? They attacked the island of Lafitis and grabbed his people, as they thought that he would simply strike. Only after the future president of Andrew Jackson intervened, the new Orleans noted that the new Orleans was not ready to endure the British attack, the authorities agreed to release people of Lafitis, provided that they would agree to help their naval fleet.
It can be said that only thanks to Pirates, the Americans managed to defend New Orleans, who otherwise could become a significant strategic victory of the British. In this city, the latter could collect their strength before attacking the rest of the country. Just think: if it were not for this unwashed French "terrorist", the states today could not be.
Stephen Decataiter does not fall under the typical image of the pirate in the sense that he was a sufficiently respected officer of the US Navy. Decatatern became the youngest captain in the history of the Navy, which would be ridiculous invention, do not be true. He was recognized as a national hero, and for some time his portrait even was concerned about twenty-dollar banknote.
How did he manage to achieve such popularity? Having arranged several very epic and bloody raids in history.
For example, when in 1803, Tripolitan pirates captured the Philadelphia frigate, the 25-year-old Decaiter gathered a group of men, disguised by Maltese sailors and armed with swords and peaks, and penetrated into an enemy harbor. There, without having lost a single person, he captured the enemies and set out the frigate so that the pirates could not use them. Admiral Horatio Nelson called this raid "the most bold and bold adventure of the century."
But that's not all. Later returning after the seizure of another vessel, whose team was twice the number of the Decather team, a man learned that his brother was mortally wounded in a fight with pirates. Despite the fact that his team was very tired after a recent raid, Decatern deployed the vessel and chasing the enemy ship, which he later took on boarding people along with ten people.
Not paying attention to the rest, Decatern rushed straight to the man who shot his brother, and killed him. The remaining team members in the end surrendered. Thus, in one day, the young man captured 27 hostages and killed 33 pirates.
He was only 25 years old.
Benjamin Hornigold was an emperor Palpatin for a black beard. While his protéget became the most famous pirate in history, Hornigold was forever turned into a footnote in the books about Edward Titche.
Pirate's Pirate Hornigold began on the bugs; Then at his disposal there were only a couple of small boats. However, after a few years later, Hornigold walked on a huge 30-gun warship, thanks to which he was much easier to engage in a seaside launcher. It is so simpler that, apparently, Privatir began to rob solely for the sake of fun.
Once, for example, in Honduras Hornigold took the trading ship to the board, but everything he demanded from the team is their hats. He explained his demand by the fact that last night his team got drunk hard and lost hats. Having got the desired, Hornigold sat on his ship and sailed, leaving merchants at its product.
And it was not the only case. Another time the sailor team captured by Hornigold said that the pirate let them go, taking only "a little Roma, sugar, powder and ammunition."
Alas, his team seems to not shared the views of their captain. Hornigold always considered himself "privatir" than pirate, and to prove it, refused to attack British courts. Such a position did not find support from the sailors, and ultimately Hornigold was shone, and a good part of his team and ships moved to a black beard. Before he lost his head.
Hornigold left a pirate life, accepted royal pardon and got up on the other side, taking a hunt for those with whom he was once watered.
Englishman William Dumpier got used to seek a lot. Not wanting to be content with the status of the first person, three times the world journey, as well as a recognized author and a scientist researcher, he had a small divider on the side - robbed Spanish settlements and cleared the ships of other people's ships. All this in the name of science, of course.
Pop culture persistently trying to assure us that all pirates were unsubstantiated and illiterate homeless, but the dumpier was the obvious opposite of this: he not only treated with respect to english language, but also filled it with new words. Oxford English Dictionary of more than a thousand times refers to his articles on the damp, since it is his Peru that owns examples of writing such words as a "barbecue", "avocado", "chopsticks" and hundreds of others.
The Dampir was recognized as the first Natural Australian, and his contribution to Western culture is simply invaluable. It was from his observations that Darwin was repelled, working on the theory of evolution, he also mentioned in a laudatory tone in "Traveling Gullyer".
However, its most striking achievement concerned not literature or science. In 1688, when his first round-the-world journey was almost approached by an end, the Dampirm sent his team away and landed somewhere on the coast of Thailand. There he sat on the canoe and walked home herself. To the English bank, the Dumpier stuck only three years later; With it there was nothing but a diary ... and a tattooed slave.
In the XVII-XVIII centuries, swimming in military or shopping ships was extremely ungrateful occupation. The working conditions were disgusting, and if suddenly you were angry with the elder, then the punishment that followed this was extremely cruel and often led to death. As a result, no one wanted to go to the sailors, so military and merchants had literally kidnap people from the ports and force them to work on their vessels. An understandable thing, such a way of hiring did not arouse in sailors a special loyalty to his bosses.
Bartolomew Roberts (or simply "black bart") himself became a pirate forced that however, he did not make it worse than others. Roberts worked on the ship's ship, which captured pirates. When they invited sailors to join them, he no longer thinking, agreed. Although there is a possibility that the robbers to all of them threatened to kill him if he won't go with them. Thanks to its high intelligence and talent in Navigation, Roberts quickly won the trust of the captain. When the latter was killed, he (by that time he lived with pirates for only six months) was elected to his place.
Roberts became an outstanding pirate, but, apparently, never forgot where he came from. Taking on the board some vessel, he, before going out with a progress, asked the captured sailors, the captain and officers were well addressed with them. If a complaint came to someone from the commander, Roberts ruthlessly straightened with the guilty. By the way, it was practiced by other pirates. Although their punishments were more sophisticated.
Roberts, as a civilized person eventually forced his team (the one that previously grabbed Himself) to follow the story code of the behavior, consisting of 11 points, among which were: ban on gambling, ban on finding women aboard, turn off the light at eight hours Evenings and mandatory washing of dirty bed linen.
In the cinema and telecasts of the pirate can be considered a lucky way if they have at least one ship and a team of a pair of a dozen man. But as it turned out, some real pirates were lucky in life much more. So, at the Turkish Pirate Hayreddin Barbarasus was not only his own fleet, but also his state.
Barbarossa began as the most ordinary trader, but after an unsuccessful political decision (he supported not the candidate in Sultan) was forced to leave the East Mediterranean. Becoming a pirate, Barbarossa began to attack Christian ships in the area of \u200b\u200bthe current Tunisia, until the enemies captured his base, leaving no bed. The tired of the fact that it is constantly coming out everywhere, Barbarossa founded his own state, known as Algerian regency (the territory of modern Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco parts). It succeeded in him, thanks to the Union with Turkish Sultan, who in exchange for support provided by his ships and weapons.
