In fact, former friends were very different, ranging from their position in society, ending with their life positions. Troekurov is influential and wealthy, Dubrovsky Andrey Gavrilovich is poor and has no influence in society. Kirila Petrovich is known throughout the district for his wealth, well-trained serfs, who were terrified of him, but, at the same time, were glad that they belonged to such an influential master.
They are also different in moral terms. Troekurov is a depraved and contemptuous person of everyone and everything, especially those who are lower in social status. The characterization of Andrey Dubrovsky is completely different. He, too, is inherent in being proud, but his pride is different. She emerged from a feeling of poverty and hurt pride. This can explain the exaggerated demands on others and ostentatious pride.
Despite the difference in characters and lifestyle, Dubrovsky the elder has some commonality with Troyekurov. Both of them served and made a military career, both were proud of this segment of their lives. They loved their wives, at one time they became widowers, both had small children. But if in Andrei Dubrovsky one can assume some kind of romantic features, then in the image of Troyekurov this is not. But all the same, he also loves, albeit not like Dubrovsky, his son, his young daughter.
In the basis of the novel, Pushkin put a story that resembles Shakespeare's tragedy "Romeo and Juliet". Unhappy love destroyed by feuds between families. The action takes place in the 20s of the 19th century. The author reliably describes the pictures of the life of Russian provincial landowners of that time, their way of life, details of life and much more. The characterization of the heroes is constructed by the method of contrast: Andrei Dubrovsky in the novel "Dubrovsky" is opposed to Kirila Troekurov.
In fact, former friends were very different, ranging from their position in society, ending with their life positions. Troekurov is influential and wealthy, Dubrovsky Andrey Gavrilovich is poor and has no influence in society. Kirila Petrovich is known throughout the district for his wealth, well-trained serfs, who were terrified of him, but, at the same time, were glad that they belonged to such an influential master.
Andrey Dubrovsky is completely different. He did not achieve a career, belonged to an impoverished noble family. In his possession there is only one small Kistenevka with ruined houses and a birch grove.
They are also different in moral terms. Troekurov is a depraved and contemptuous person of everyone and everything, especially those who are lower in social status. The characterization of Andrey Dubrovsky is completely different. He, too, is inherent in being proud, but his pride is different. She came from a feeling of poverty ...
and hurt pride. This can explain the exaggerated demands on others and ostentatious pride.
Dubrovsky's father does not tolerate humiliation, never humiliates anyone, and, accordingly, demands the same from his loved ones. Serfs do not flatter him, they respect and revere him. After all, it's not just that they prefer robbery, and not living under the wing of Troyekurov.
Despite the difference in characters and lifestyle, Dubrovsky the elder has some commonality with Troyekurov. Both of them served and made a military career, both were proud of this segment of their lives. They loved their wives, at one time they became widowers, both had small children. But if in Andrei Dubrovsky one can assume some kind of romantic features, then in the image of Troyekurov this is not. But all the same, he also loves, albeit not like Dubrovsky, his son, his young daughter.
Dubrovsky dearly loves his son, sends him to study in the hope that he will achieve more. He has a negative attitude to Troekurov's plans to unite children in marriage, as he believes that he should choose a wife for love, who will respect and listen to him.
This image plays a secondary role in the work, but without it the author would not have been able to create a truly true picture of that time.
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Pushkin. How many generations have been reading it with enthusiasm, sympathizing, empathizing and indignant together with the author and the main characters! Moreover, we can confidently state that interest in the novel will not fade over time.
Type (or rather, genre) it can be attributed to the family, and to the social and everyday, and adventure-adventure, and love, and historical. For a long time, literary critics could not come to a conclusion about whether this is a story or just a novel? And in general, to what extent the storylines are completed, the personalities of the heroes are formed, the conflict is revealed - for us it will remain unknown. After all, a work dated 1833 was found in the writer's manuscripts. Pushkin his - he intended to give further development to the fate of the characters. And yet, published in 1841, the novel arouses keen interest among fans of real works of art, especially among adolescents and young men.
The novel is based on a story reminiscent of the dramatic events from Shakespeare's tragedy "Romeo and Juliet". The enmity between the two families, which became the reason for the unhappy love of young representatives of the Troyekurov and Dubrovsky clans, however, was transferred by Pushkin to domestic, Russian soil. And its prehistory lies not so much in medieval legends as in our contemporary poet's reality. The writer learned about the events described in the novel from his friend Nashchokin. He once told about the small-land nobleman Ostrovsky (the characteristics of Dubrovsky, or rather the Dubrovsky - father and son, coincides in many details with his history and indicates that it was this person who became the prototype of both heroes), who for a long time was engaged in land litigation with his neighbor. But since his opponent was richer and more influential, he survived Ostrovsky from the walls of his own house. And he, outraged by the injustice of the judges and authorities, put together a band of robbers from his peasants, robbing other landowners.
On this, perhaps, Dubrovsky Sr. and Dubrovsky Jr. with their prototype ends. Pushkin, of course, changed the names of the heroes, introduced an adventurous plot, new characters, and a love line into history. And, in fact, the younger representative of the family is engaged in robbery, while the older one was offended. Moreover, Vladimir is not an ordinary villain robber. He is a robber against his will, by unfortunate coincidence of circumstances. It is, rather, a victim of fatal forces, rather than a conscious fighter for justice, a formidable retribution to all those in power. And the adversary of Andrei Gavrilovich and Vladimir, master Troyekurov, is described very vividly, vividly, which was not in Nashchokin's version. And finally, the title of the story. Pushkin's novel is entitled with the date of the beginning of writing. And "Dubrovsky" is a free version of the publisher.
The action in the work falls on the 20s of the 19th century. It ends after a year and a half from the beginning of the described events. From the very first lines of the novel, pictures of the life of provincial Russian landowners unfold before us: their unhurried way of life, characteristic details of life, care and fun. The characterization of Andrey Gavrilovich Dubrovsky and Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, with whom the author introduces us, is based on the principle of opposition, or contrast. They are really very different in everything, from and ending with outlook on life.
Let's start with the fact that Kirila Petrovich Troekurov was very rich and influential. It was famous throughout the district for its prosperous, strong villages with well-trained serfs. The peasants were afraid of the master to death, but they also boasted of him, according to their slavish psychology, in front of the same “serf brother” of other landowners who did not fly so high. The characteristics of Dubrovsky Sr. are different. He belongs to a family no less noble and ancient, but long impoverished. And if Troekurov, being a military man, retired with the honorary rank of general-in-chief, which brought him many privileges and honors, then Andrei Gavrilovich returned from the guard as just a poor lieutenant. He owns Kistenyovka - a small village of several dozen unsightly, rickety peasant huts with adjacent fields, and a birch grove.
One was corrupted by wealth and power, instilling in him inordinate pride and contempt for everyone who was a step lower on the social ladder. The characteristics of the elder Dubrovsky in this regard are different. He, too, is proud, but this pride developed in him from oppressed pride and poverty. It is in them that lies the reason for feigned arrogance, an increased demand for respect for others around. Poverty, on the other hand, developed in the hero an exacerbated and fairness. And here again the comparative characterization of Dubrovsky and Troyekurov indicates the moral superiority of the former. Not tolerating humiliation himself, Andrei Gavrilovich never stooped to such treatment of others. Even the serfs do not hypocritically flatter the master, internally fading with horror, but treat him with sincere respect. It is not for nothing that they do not want to go “under Troekurov,” preferring the fate of fugitive robbers.
However, the characterization of Dubrovsky from the novel "Dubrovsky" and Kirila Petrovich has some points of contact. Both, as we have already established, served in the army and were proud of it. Both married for great and sincere love, both soon became widowers with small children in their arms. True, if in Andrei Gavrilovich we can assume such strong and romantic feelings, then it is hard to believe in the sincerity of Kirila Petrovich. And yet ... The fact that he can love deeply is evidenced by the paternal relationship to Marya Kirillovna, whom Troekurov indulges in all requests and whims, although outwardly and stern. True, his feelings are blind, firmly intertwined with tyranny, which will lead to a tragedy in the fate of Masha. A brief description of Dubrovsky's life story (alas, everything that is said here about the heroes is far from a complete account of them) is close, but not identical: having lost his wife, the hero in strict tenderness brings up "Volodka", his only son. Sending him from himself to Petersburg, giving a good guard education and upbringing, on which the lion's share of the meager income is spent, Andrei Gavrilovich hopes that his heir will be luckier and happier. And when Troekurov plans the marriage of the offspring of their families, the old lieutenant firmly answers: Vladimir would rather marry an equal, poor noblewoman, but respectful of him, than become a toy in the hands of a spoiled lady.
A comparative description of Dubrovsky with Troekurov would be incomplete if we did not mention their common passion - hunting. No matter how he understood the intricacies of her Kirila Petrovich, it was still worth looking for such a meticulous connoisseur as Dubrovsky was in the daytime with fire. For this, Troyekurov immensely respected his poor neighbor, appreciated and welcomed him. Not a single trip was complete without him. And if, for any reason, the retired lieutenant was absent, the general-in-chief grumbled, swore, was dissatisfied with everything and everyone, and no hunt would work. In addition, only Dubrovsky did he allow himself to be on an equal footing, he respected that his friend himself never fawned and did not allow himself to be treated down. And yet there was a secret rivalry between the neighbors and the subject of the poor man's involuntary envy of the rich man. This is Troekurov's famous kennel, the source of his legitimate pride and arrogance. And she is Dubrovsky's pipe dream. The caretaker's words about Andrei Gavrilovich hurt his noble honor, and Kirila Petrovich's connivance exacerbated the offense. So the friendship, which the whole neighborhood envied, was broken. And the enmity began, affecting many destinies and breaking the happiness of two young hearts - Masha and Vladimir.
The collected works of our beloved poet and writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin have more than 10 volumes. "Dubrovsky" is a novel known to us since school years. Wide in scope and deep in psychological content, it touches the soul of every reader. The main characters of the novel are Troekurov and Dubrovsky. We will study the main characters, as well as the main events of the work in more detail.
The novel takes place in the 19th century. It is described in sufficient detail in the works of many classics of that time. As you know, serfdom existed in those days. The peasants, or as they were called, souls, were owned by the nobles.
The Russian master, the arrogant Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, was very much Before him trembled not only the wards of the serfs, but also many officials.
Troyekurov's lifestyle left much to be desired: he spent his days idly, often drank and suffered from gluttony.
The peasants were in awe of him, and he, in turn, treated them quite capriciously, showing his complete domination over them.
Troyekurov's favorite entertainment was mockery and mockery of animals and people. Suffice it to recall the bear who rolled a barrel with protruding nails and was angry with pain. This made the master laugh. Or the scene with a bear chained in a small room. Everyone who entered it was attacked by a poor animal. Troekurov enjoyed the bear's rage and human fear.
Troekurov and Dubrovsky, whose comparative characteristics will be considered in detail by us, are very different people. Andrei Gavrilovich - honest, valiant, calm in character, he was strikingly different from his comrade. Once the elder Dubrovsky and Troekurov were colleagues. But the careerist Kirila Petrovich, betraying his honor, sided with the new tsar, which earned himself a high rank. Andrei Gavrilovich, who remained loyal to his ruler, finished his service as a modest lieutenant. Nevertheless, the relationship between Troekurov and Dubrovsky was quite friendly and mutually respectful. They often met, visited each other's estates, and had conversations.
Both heroes had similar fates: they began the service together, became a widow early, had a child in raising. But life has separated them on different sides.
Nothing foreshadowed trouble. But once the relationship between Troekurov and Dubrovsky cracked. The phrase uttered by Kirila Petrovich's clerk greatly offended Andrei Gavrilovich. The serf said that the slaves lived with Troekurov better than some of the nobles. I meant, of course, the modest Dubrovsky.
Immediately after that, he left for his estate. Kirila Petrovich ordered to return it, but Andrei Gavrilovich did not want to come back to any one. Such insolence touched the master, and he decided by all means to achieve his goal.
Comparison of Dubrovsky and Troyekurov will be incomplete if you do not describe by what method Kirila Petrovich decided to take revenge on his comrade.
Having no influence on Dubrovsky, Troekurov conceived a terrible thing - to take away his friend's estate. How - he dared to disobey him! Undoubtedly, this was very cruel to an old acquaintance.
Were Troyekurov and Dubrovsky real friends? The comparative characteristics of these heroes will help to understand this.
Kirila Petrovich bribed all officials indiscriminately, forged papers. Dubrovsky, having learned about the litigation, remained rather calm, since he was sure of his absolute innocence.
Shabashkin, hired by Troyekurov, was busy with all the dirty deeds, although he knew that the Kistenevka estate rightfully belonged to the Dubrovsky. But everything turned out differently.
And then came that exciting hour. Having met at the courthouse, Troekurov and Dubrovsky (whose comparative assessment will be given by us later) behaved proudly and went into the courtroom. Kirila Petrovich felt very at ease. He already tasted victory. Dubrovsky, on the contrary, behaved very calmly, stood leaning against the wall, and did not worry at all.
The judge began reading the lengthy decision. When it was all over, there was silence. Dubrovsky was completely at a loss. At first he was silent for a while, and then he was furious, with force pushed the secretary, who invited him to sign the papers. He began to rave, loudly shouting something about hunters and dogs. They sat him down with difficulty and took him home on a sleigh.
Triumphant Troekurov did not expect such a turn of events. Seeing his former comrade in a terrible state, he was upset and even stopped triumphant over his victory over him.
Andrei Gavrilovich was taken home, where he felt bad. He spent more than one day under the supervision of a doctor.
Comparison of Dubrovsky and Troyekurov is based on a complete opposition of heroes. Kirila Petrovich, so arrogant and domineering, and Andrei Gavrilovich, a kind and honest person, could not continue their communication for a long time. But still, after the trial, Troekurov's heart thawed. He decided to go to his former friend and talk.
However, he did not even suspect that by that time, Vladimir, his son, was already in the house of Dubrovsky Sr.
Seeing Kirila Petrovich arrived in the window, the shocked Andrei Gavrilovich could not bear it and died suddenly.
So Troekurov could not explain the reason for his arrival, and could not repent to a friend for his atrocity.
And on this the novel changes its turn: Vladimir decides to avenge the enemy for his father.
It is worth saying a few words about the personality of this young man. Left without a mother early, the boy was in the care of his father. At the age of twelve, he was sent to the cadet corps, and then continued his military studies at a higher institution. The father did not spare any funds for raising his son, he provided him well. But the young man spent his time in revelry and card games, and had large debts. Now that he was left all alone, and even practically homeless, he feels intense loneliness. He had to grow up quickly and change his life drastically.
Troekurov and Vladimir Dubrovsky become fierce enemies. The son thinks over a plan of revenge on the offender of his father.
When the estate was taken away and passed into the possession of Kirila Petrovich, Vladimir was left without a livelihood. He has to become a robber in order to earn his livelihood. Loved by his serfs, he was able to assemble a whole team of like-minded people. They rob rich people, but bypass Troyekurov's estate. He, undoubtedly, thinks that the young man is afraid of him, so he does not go to him with robbery.
Troyekurov in the novel "Dubrovsky" showed himself to be a proud man, but at the same time he is afraid that Vladimir will one day come to him to take revenge.
But our young hero turned out to be not so simple. He unexpectedly appears at the estate of Kirila Petrovich. But no one knows him there - he has not been in his homeland for many years. Having exchanged documents with a French teacher and having paid him well, Vladimir introduces himself to the Troekurov family as Deforge's teacher. He speaks good French, and no one can suspect Dubrovsky of him.
Perhaps the young man would be able to translate all his plans for revenge into life, but one circumstance prevents him - love. Unexpectedly for himself, Vladimir is fascinated by Masha, the daughter of his enemy Troekurov.
This love changes the lives of all the heroes of the novel. Now Dubrovsky Jr. does not want revenge at all. He refuses evil thoughts in the name of his beloved woman. But Masha does not yet know who this Deforge really is.
Troyekurov himself began to respect the young Frenchman, was proud of his courage and modesty. But the time has come, and Vladimir confesses to Masha his feelings and who he really is. The girl is confused - her father will never allow them to be together.
When Kirila Petrovich finds out the truth, he decides the issue radically - he gives his daughter in marriage to the rich prince Vereisky against her wishes.
Vladimir does not have time to arrive at the church during the wedding, and now she is no longer his Mashenka, but Princess Vereiskaya. Vladimir has no choice but to go far. Kirila Petrovich is more than satisfied with the current situation.
Troekurov and Dubrovsky, the comparative characteristics of which are presented by us in all details, are completely different in type of heroes. It cannot be said that Kirila Petrovich was a terrible person - he nevertheless repented of his vile deed. But life did not give him a chance to be forgiven.
Both Andrei and Vladimir Dubrovsky are very ambitious, they are respected by serfs, and they, in turn, do not oppress them in any way. However, Pushkin teaches us all: no circumstances should lead to extreme measures. Friendship is more than just communication, and you need to know how to cherish it.
Pushkin. How many generations have been reading it with enthusiasm, sympathizing, empathizing and indignant together with the author and the main characters! Moreover, we can confidently state that interest in the novel will not fade over time.
Type (or rather, genre) it can be attributed to the family, and to the social and everyday, and adventure-adventure, and love, and historical. For a long time, literary critics could not come to a conclusion about whether this is a story or just a novel? And in general, to what extent the storylines are completed, the personalities of the heroes are formed, the conflict is revealed - for us it will remain unknown. After all, a work dated 1833 was found in the writer's manuscripts. Pushkin his - he intended to give further development to the fate of the characters. And yet, published in 1841, the novel arouses keen interest among fans of real works of art, especially among adolescents and young men.
The novel is based on a story reminiscent of the dramatic events from Shakespeare's tragedy "Romeo and Juliet". The enmity between the two families, which became the reason for the unhappy love of young representatives of the Troyekurov and Dubrovsky clans, however, was transferred by Pushkin to domestic, Russian soil. And its prehistory lies not so much in medieval legends as in our contemporary poet's reality. The writer learned about the events described in the novel from his friend Nashchokin. He once told about the small-land nobleman Ostrovsky (the characteristics of Dubrovsky, or rather the Dubrovsky - father and son, coincides in many details with his history and indicates that it was this person who became the prototype of both heroes), who for a long time was engaged in land litigation with his neighbor. But since his opponent was richer and more influential, he survived Ostrovsky from the walls of his own house. And he, outraged by the injustice of the judges and authorities, put together a band of robbers from his peasants, robbing other landowners.
On this, perhaps, Dubrovsky Sr. and Dubrovsky Jr. with their prototype ends. Pushkin, of course, changed the names of the heroes, introduced an adventurous plot, new characters, and a love line into history. And, in fact, the younger representative of the family is engaged in robbery, while the older one was offended. Moreover, Vladimir is not an ordinary villain robber. He is a robber against his will, by unfortunate coincidence of circumstances. It is, rather, a victim of fatal forces, rather than a conscious fighter for justice, a formidable retribution to all those in power. And the adversary of Andrei Gavrilovich and Vladimir, master Troyekurov, is described very vividly, vividly, which was not in Nashchokin's version. And finally, the title of the story. Pushkin's novel is entitled with the date of the beginning of writing. And "Dubrovsky" is a free version of the publisher.
The action in the work falls on the 20s of the 19th century. It ends after a year and a half from the beginning of the described events. From the very first lines of the novel, pictures of the life of provincial Russian landowners unfold before us: their unhurried way of life, characteristic details of life, care and fun. The characterization of Andrey Gavrilovich Dubrovsky and Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, with whom the author introduces us, is based on the principle of opposition, or contrast. They are really very different in everything, from and ending with outlook on life.
Let's start with the fact that Kirila Petrovich Troekurov was very rich and influential. It was famous throughout the district for its prosperous, strong villages with well-trained serfs. The peasants were afraid of the master to death, but they also boasted of him, according to their slavish psychology, in front of the same “serf brother” of other landowners who did not fly so high. The characteristics of Dubrovsky Sr. are different. He belongs to a family no less noble and ancient, but long impoverished. And if Troekurov, being a military man, retired with the honorary rank of general-in-chief, which brought him many privileges and honors, then Andrei Gavrilovich returned from the guard as just a poor lieutenant. He owns Kistenyovka - a small village of several dozen unsightly, rickety peasant huts with adjacent fields, and a birch grove.
One was corrupted by wealth and power, instilling in him inordinate pride and contempt for everyone who was a step lower on the social ladder. The characteristics of the elder Dubrovsky in this regard are different. He, too, is proud, but this pride developed in him from oppressed pride and poverty. It is in them that lies the reason for feigned arrogance, an increased demand for respect for others around. Poverty, on the other hand, developed in the hero an exacerbated and fairness. And here again the comparative characterization of Dubrovsky and Troyekurov indicates the moral superiority of the former. Not tolerating humiliation himself, Andrei Gavrilovich never stooped to such treatment of others. Even the serfs do not hypocritically flatter the master, internally fading with horror, but treat him with sincere respect. It is not for nothing that they do not want to go “under Troekurov,” preferring the fate of fugitive robbers.
However, the characterization of Dubrovsky from the novel "Dubrovsky" and Kirila Petrovich has some points of contact. Both, as we have already established, served in the army and were proud of it. Both married for great and sincere love, both soon became widowers with small children in their arms. True, if in Andrei Gavrilovich we can assume such strong and romantic feelings, then it is hard to believe in the sincerity of Kirila Petrovich. And yet ... The fact that he can love deeply is evidenced by the paternal relationship to Marya Kirillovna, whom Troekurov indulges in all requests and whims, although outwardly and stern. True, his feelings are blind, firmly intertwined with tyranny, which will lead to a tragedy in the fate of Masha. A brief description of Dubrovsky's life story (alas, everything that is said here about the heroes is far from a complete account of them) is close, but not identical: having lost his wife, the hero in strict tenderness brings up "Volodka", his only son. Sending him from himself to Petersburg, giving a good guard education and upbringing, on which the lion's share of the meager income is spent, Andrei Gavrilovich hopes that his heir will be luckier and happier. And when Troekurov plans the marriage of the offspring of their families, the old lieutenant firmly answers: Vladimir would rather marry an equal, poor noblewoman, but respectful of him, than become a toy in the hands of a spoiled lady.
A comparative description of Dubrovsky with Troekurov would be incomplete if we did not mention their common passion - hunting. No matter how he understood the intricacies of her Kirila Petrovich, it was still worth looking for such a meticulous connoisseur as Dubrovsky was in the daytime with fire. For this, Troyekurov immensely respected his poor neighbor, appreciated and welcomed him. Not a single trip was complete without him. And if, for any reason, the retired lieutenant was absent, the general-in-chief grumbled, swore, was dissatisfied with everything and everyone, and no hunt would work. In addition, only Dubrovsky did he allow himself to be on an equal footing, he respected that his friend himself never fawned and did not allow himself to be treated down. And yet there was a secret rivalry between the neighbors and the subject of the poor man's involuntary envy of the rich man. This is Troekurov's famous kennel, the source of his legitimate pride and arrogance. And she is Dubrovsky's pipe dream. The caretaker's words about Andrei Gavrilovich hurt his noble honor, and Kirila Petrovich's connivance exacerbated the offense. So the friendship, which the whole neighborhood envied, was broken. And the enmity began, affecting many destinies and breaking the happiness of two young hearts - Masha and Vladimir.
In fact, former friends were very different, ranging from their position in society, ending with their life positions. Troekurov is influential and wealthy, Dubrovsky Andrey Gavrilovich is poor and has no influence in society. Kirila Petrovich is known throughout the district for his wealth, well-trained serfs, who were terrified of him, but, at the same time, were glad that they belonged to such an influential master.
Andrey Dubrovsky is completely different. He did not achieve a career, belonged to an impoverished noble family.
In his possession there is only one small Kistenevka with ruined houses and a birch grove.
They are also different in moral terms. Troekurov is a depraved and contemptuous person of everyone and everything, especially those who are lower in social status. The characterization of Andrey Dubrovsky is completely different. He, too, is inherent in being proud, but his pride is different. She emerged from a feeling of poverty and hurt pride. This can explain the exaggerated demands on others and ostentatious pride.
Despite the difference in characters and lifestyle, Dubrovsky the elder has some commonality with Troyekurov. Both of them served and made a military career, both were proud of this segment of their lives. They loved their wives, at one time they became widowers, both had small children. But if in Andrei Dubrovsky one can assume some kind of romantic features, then in the image of Troyekurov this is not. But all the same, he also loves, albeit not like Dubrovsky, his son, his young daughter.
The collected works of our beloved poet and writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin have more than 10 volumes. "Dubrovsky" is a novel known to us since school years. Wide in scope and deep in psychological content, it touches the soul of every reader. The main characters of the novel are Troekurov and Dubrovsky. We will study the main characters, as well as the main events of the work in more detail.
The novel takes place in the 19th century. It is described in sufficient detail in the works of many classics of that time. As you know, serfdom existed in those days. The peasants, or as they were called, souls, were owned by the nobles.
The Russian master, the arrogant Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, was very much Before him trembled not only the wards of the serfs, but also many officials.
Troyekurov's lifestyle left much to be desired: he spent his days idly, often drank and suffered from gluttony.
The peasants were in awe of him, and he, in turn, treated them quite capriciously, showing his complete domination over them.
Troyekurov's favorite entertainment was mockery and mockery of animals and people. Suffice it to recall the bear who rolled a barrel with protruding nails and was angry with pain. This made the master laugh. Or the scene with a bear chained in a small room. Everyone who entered it was attacked by a poor animal. Troekurov enjoyed the bear's rage and human fear.
Troekurov and Dubrovsky, whose comparative characteristics will be considered in detail by us, are very different people. Andrei Gavrilovich - honest, valiant, calm in character, he was strikingly different from his comrade. Once the elder Dubrovsky and Troekurov were colleagues. But the careerist Kirila Petrovich, betraying his honor, sided with the new tsar, which earned himself a high rank. Andrei Gavrilovich, who remained loyal to his ruler, finished his service as a modest lieutenant. Nevertheless, the relationship between Troekurov and Dubrovsky was quite friendly and mutually respectful. They often met, visited each other's estates, and had conversations.
Both heroes had similar fates: they began the service together, became a widow early, had a child in raising. But life has separated them on different sides.
Nothing foreshadowed trouble. But once the relationship between Troekurov and Dubrovsky cracked. The phrase uttered by Kirila Petrovich's clerk greatly offended Andrei Gavrilovich. The serf said that the slaves lived with Troekurov better than some of the nobles. I meant, of course, the modest Dubrovsky.
Immediately after that, he left for his estate. Kirila Petrovich ordered to return it, but Andrei Gavrilovich did not want to come back to any one. Such insolence touched the master, and he decided by all means to achieve his goal.
Comparison of Dubrovsky and Troyekurov will be incomplete if you do not describe by what method Kirila Petrovich decided to take revenge on his comrade.
Having no influence on Dubrovsky, Troekurov conceived a terrible thing - to take away his friend's estate. How - he dared to disobey him! Undoubtedly, this was very cruel to an old acquaintance.
Were Troyekurov and Dubrovsky real friends? The comparative characteristics of these heroes will help to understand this.
Kirila Petrovich bribed all officials indiscriminately, forged papers. Dubrovsky, having learned about the litigation, remained rather calm, since he was sure of his absolute innocence.
Shabashkin, hired by Troyekurov, was busy with all the dirty deeds, although he knew that the Kistenevka estate rightfully belonged to the Dubrovsky. But everything turned out differently.
And then came that exciting hour. Having met at the courthouse, Troekurov and Dubrovsky (whose comparative assessment will be given by us later) behaved proudly and went into the courtroom. Kirila Petrovich felt very at ease. He already tasted victory. Dubrovsky, on the contrary, behaved very calmly, stood leaning against the wall, and did not worry at all.
The judge began reading the lengthy decision. When it was all over, there was silence. Dubrovsky was completely at a loss. At first he was silent for a while, and then he was furious, with force pushed the secretary, who invited him to sign the papers. He began to rave, loudly shouting something about hunters and dogs. They sat him down with difficulty and took him home on a sleigh.
Triumphant Troekurov did not expect such a turn of events. Seeing his former comrade in a terrible state, he was upset and even stopped triumphant over his victory over him.
Andrei Gavrilovich was taken home, where he felt bad. He spent more than one day under the supervision of a doctor.
Comparison of Dubrovsky and Troyekurov is based on a complete opposition of heroes. Kirila Petrovich, so arrogant and domineering, and Andrei Gavrilovich, a kind and honest person, could not continue their communication for a long time. But still, after the trial, Troekurov's heart thawed. He decided to go to his former friend and talk.
However, he did not even suspect that by that time, Vladimir, his son, was already in the house of Dubrovsky Sr.
Seeing Kirila Petrovich arrived in the window, the shocked Andrei Gavrilovich could not bear it and died suddenly.
So Troekurov could not explain the reason for his arrival, and could not repent to a friend for his atrocity.
And on this the novel changes its turn: Vladimir decides to avenge the enemy for his father.
It is worth saying a few words about the personality of this young man. Left without a mother early, the boy was in the care of his father. At the age of twelve, he was sent to the cadet corps, and then continued his military studies at a higher institution. The father did not spare any funds for raising his son, he provided him well. But the young man spent his time in revelry and card games, and had large debts. Now that he was left all alone, and even practically homeless, he feels intense loneliness. He had to grow up quickly and change his life drastically.
Troekurov and Vladimir Dubrovsky become fierce enemies. The son thinks over a plan of revenge on the offender of his father.
When the estate was taken away and passed into the possession of Kirila Petrovich, Vladimir was left without a livelihood. He has to become a robber in order to earn his livelihood. Loved by his serfs, he was able to assemble a whole team of like-minded people. They rob rich people, but bypass Troyekurov's estate. He, undoubtedly, thinks that the young man is afraid of him, so he does not go to him with robbery.
Troyekurov in the novel "Dubrovsky" showed himself to be a proud man, but at the same time he is afraid that Vladimir will one day come to him to take revenge.
But our young hero turned out to be not so simple. He unexpectedly appears at the estate of Kirila Petrovich. But no one knows him there - he has not been in his homeland for many years. Having exchanged documents with a French teacher and having paid him well, Vladimir introduces himself to the Troekurov family as Deforge's teacher. He speaks good French, and no one can suspect Dubrovsky of him.
Perhaps the young man would be able to translate all his plans for revenge into life, but one circumstance prevents him - love. Unexpectedly for himself, Vladimir is fascinated by Masha, the daughter of his enemy Troekurov.
This love changes the lives of all the heroes of the novel. Now Dubrovsky Jr. does not want revenge at all. He refuses evil thoughts in the name of his beloved woman. But Masha does not yet know who this Deforge really is.
Troyekurov himself began to respect the young Frenchman, was proud of his courage and modesty. But the time has come, and Vladimir confesses to Masha his feelings and who he really is. The girl is confused - her father will never allow them to be together.
When Kirila Petrovich finds out the truth, he decides the issue radically - he gives his daughter in marriage to the rich prince Vereisky against her wishes.
Vladimir does not have time to arrive at the church during the wedding, and now she is no longer his Mashenka, but Princess Vereiskaya. Vladimir has no choice but to go far. Kirila Petrovich is more than satisfied with the current situation.
Troekurov and Dubrovsky, the comparative characteristics of which are presented by us in all details, are completely different in type of heroes. It cannot be said that Kirila Petrovich was a terrible person - he nevertheless repented of his vile deed. But life did not give him a chance to be forgiven.
Both Andrei and Vladimir Dubrovsky are very ambitious, they are respected by serfs, and they, in turn, do not oppress them in any way. However, Pushkin teaches us all: no circumstances should lead to extreme measures. Friendship is more than just communication, and you need to know how to cherish it.
In the basis of the novel, Pushkin put a story that resembles Shakespeare's tragedy "Romeo and Juliet". Unhappy love destroyed by feuds between families. The action takes place in the 20s of the 19th century. The author reliably describes the pictures of the life of Russian provincial landowners of that time, their way of life, details of life and much more. The characterization of the heroes is constructed by the method of contrast: Andrei Dubrovsky in the novel "Dubrovsky" is opposed to Kirila Troekurov.
In fact, former friends were very different, ranging from their position in society, ending with their life positions. Troekurov is influential and wealthy, Dubrovsky Andrey Gavrilovich is poor and has no influence in society. Kirila Petrovich is known throughout the district for his wealth, well-trained serfs, who were terrified of him, but, at the same time, were glad that they belonged to such an influential master.
Andrey Dubrovsky is completely different. He did not achieve a career, belonged to an impoverished noble family. In his possession there is only one small Kistenevka with ruined houses and a birch grove.
They are also different in moral terms. Troekurov is a depraved and contemptuous person of everyone and everything, especially those who are lower in social status. The characterization of Andrey Dubrovsky is completely different. He, too, is inherent in being proud, but his pride is different. She emerged from a feeling of poverty and hurt pride. This can explain the exaggerated demands on others and ostentatious pride.
Dubrovsky's father does not tolerate humiliation, never humiliates anyone, and, accordingly, demands the same from his loved ones. Serfs do not flatter him, they respect and revere him. After all, it's not just that they prefer robbery, and not living under the wing of Troyekurov.
Despite the difference in characters and lifestyle, Dubrovsky the elder has some commonality with Troyekurov. Both of them served and made a military career, both were proud of this segment of their lives. They loved their wives, at one time they became widowers, both had small children. But if in Andrei Dubrovsky one can assume some kind of romantic features, then in the image of Troyekurov this is not. But all the same, he also loves, albeit not like Dubrovsky, his son, his young daughter.
Dubrovsky dearly loves his son, sends him to study in the hope that he will achieve more. He has a negative attitude to Troekurov's plans to unite children in marriage, as he believes that he should choose a wife for love, who will respect and listen to him.
This image plays a secondary role in the work, but without it the author would not have been able to create a truly true picture of that time.
Alexander Pushkin's novel "Dubrovsky"- a work about the dramatic fate of a poor nobleman, whose estate was illegally taken away. Imbued with compassion for the fate of a certain Ostrovsky, Pushkin in his novel reproduced a true life history, without, of course, depriving it of the author's fiction.
Hero of the novel, Andrey Gavrilovich Dubrovsky- a retired guard lieutenant, a poor landowner.
He lives very modestly, but this does not prevent him from maintaining good-neighborly relations with Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, a well-known barin throughout the district, a retired general-in-chief, a very wealthy and noble man with numerous connections and weighty authority. Everyone who knows Troekurov and his disposition trembles at the mere mention of his name, they are ready to please his slightest whims. The eminent gentleman himself takes such behavior for granted, because, in his opinion, it is precisely this attitude that his person deserves.
Troekurov is arrogant and rude even to people of the highest rank. No one and nothing can make him bow his head. Kirila Petrovich constantly surrounds himself with numerous guests, whom he demonstrates his rich estate, kennel and whom he shocks with crazy fun. This is a wayward, proud, vain, spoiled and perverted person.
The only one who enjoys the respect of Troyekurov is Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. Troeko-ditch was able to discern in this poor nobleman a bold and independent person, capable of ardently defending his self-esteem before anyone else, able to freely and directly express his own point of view. Such behavior is a rarity in the environment of Kirila Petrovich, therefore, his relationship with Dubrovsky developed differently than with others.
True, Troekurov's mercy quickly changed to anger when Dubrovsky went against Kirila Petrovich.
Who is to blame for the quarrel? Troyekurov is power-hungry, and Dubrovsky is decisive and impatient. This is a hot-headed and imprudent person. Therefore, it would be unfair to blame only Kirila Petrovich.
Troekurov, of course, misbehaved, not only allowing the huntsman to offend Andrei Gavrilovicha, but also supporting the words of his courtyard with a loud laugh. He was also wrong when he got angry at the neighbor's demand to extradite Paramoshka for punishment. However, Dubrovsky is also to blame. He taught the captured Pokrovsky peasants a lesson, stealing the forest from him, with rods, and took the horses away from them. Such behavior, according to the author, contradicted "all the concepts of the right of war," and the letter to Troekurov, written a little earlier, according to the then concepts of ethics, was "quite indecent."
The scythe found on the stone. Kirila Petrovich chooses the most terrible way of revenge: he intends to deprive his neighbor of a roof over his head, even if in an unjust way, humiliate him, crush him, make him blame. "This is the strength," says Troeku-dvor, "to take away property without any right." A rich gentleman bribes the court, not thinking about the moral side of the matter, or about the consequences of the ongoing lawlessness. Willfulness and lust for power, ardor and passionate disposition in no time destroy the friendship of neighbors and the life of Dubrovsky.
Kirila Petrovich is quick-witted, after a while he decides to reconcile, since "by nature he is not greedy," but it is too late.
Troekurov, according to the author, always "showed all the vices of an uneducated person" and "used to give full vent to all the impulses of his ardent disposition and all the ventures of a rather limited mind." Dubrovsky did not want to come to terms with this and suffered a heavy punishment, dooming not only himself, but also his own son to poverty. Heightened ambition and wounded pride did not allow him to take a sober look at the current situation and compromise, seeking reconciliation with his neighbor. Being a deeply decent man, Andrei Gavrilovich could not imagine how far Troyekurov could go in a desire to revenge, how easily a court could be bribed, how they could be put out on the street without a legal basis. He measured those around him by his own yardstick, was sure of his own righteousness, "had neither the desire nor the opportunity to pour money around him", and therefore "worried little" about the case brought against him. This played into the hands of his ill-wishers.
Outlining the conflict between Troyekurov and Dubrovsky Sr., A.S. Pushkin denounced harshness and vindictiveness, showed the price of fervor, sharply raised the moral questions of his time, which are very close to today's reader.
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Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky is one of the local nobles in the novel "Dubrovsky", the father of the protagonist Vladimir Dubrovsky, a retired lieutenant of the guard, friend and neighbor of Troekurov. Despite the fact that he and Troyekurov are the same age, born in the same estate, brought up in the same spirit, this landowner has a different attitude to serfs, has different interests and inclinations. He does not vegetate in drunkenness and gluttony, does not scatter money, does not mock servants and does not oppress the peasants. When he noticed that Troekurov's dogs live better than servants, he did not want to offend anyone, but only expressed his opinion about Troekurov's attitude towards people. One of the hounds, offended, allowed himself to taunt Dubrovsky, which marked the beginning of a feud between the two friends.
As a result, Andrei Gavrilovich fell victim to this conflict. His death showed the sensitivity of this character. He was offended that the Kistenevka estate had been taken away by none other than his old friend. He himself would never allow himself to do this to a friend. Although he was not rich. Indeed, in his estate there were only 70 souls, but he always lived according to the laws of the estate and with honor. This hero had a strong sense of self-esteem and pride. Unlike other landowners, he did not fawn on Troyekurov and did not accept his "handouts" either in the first years of his residence on the estate, or later. If he went hunting with everyone, he was unfavorable to riotous drinking. I was not afraid to express my opinion out loud. Andrei Gavrilovich was the personification of a noble landowner who took care not only of himself and his wallet, but also of the peasants entrusted to him.
In the basis of the novel, Pushkin put a story that resembles Shakespeare's tragedy "Romeo and Juliet". Unhappy love destroyed by feuds between families. The action takes place in the 20s of the 19th century. The author reliably describes the pictures of the life of Russian provincial landowners of that time, their way of life, details of life and much more. The characterization of the heroes is constructed by the method of contrast: Andrei Dubrovsky in the novel "Dubrovsky" is opposed to Kirila Troekurov.
In fact, former friends were very different, ranging from their position in society, ending with their life positions. Troekurov is influential and wealthy, Dubrovsky Andrey Gavrilovich is poor and has no influence in society. Kirila Petrovich is known throughout the district for his wealth, well-trained serfs, who were terrified of him, but, at the same time, were glad that they belonged to such an influential master.
Andrey Dubrovsky is completely different. He did not achieve a career, belonged to an impoverished noble family. In his possession there is only one small Kistenevka with ruined houses and a birch grove.
They are also different in moral terms. Troekurov is a depraved and contemptuous person of everyone and everything, especially those who are lower in social status. The characterization of Andrey Dubrovsky is completely different. He, too, is inherent in being proud, but his pride is different. She emerged from a feeling of poverty and hurt pride. This can explain the exaggerated demands on others and ostentatious pride.
Dubrovsky's father does not tolerate humiliation, never humiliates anyone, and, accordingly, demands the same from his loved ones. Serfs do not flatter him, they respect and revere him. After all, it's not just that they prefer robbery, and not living under the wing of Troyekurov.
Despite the difference in characters and lifestyle, Dubrovsky the elder has some commonality with Troyekurov. Both of them served and made a military career, both were proud of this segment of their lives. They loved their wives, at one time they became widowers, both had small children. But if in Andrei Dubrovsky one can assume some kind of romantic features, then in the image of Troyekurov this is not. But all the same, he also loves, albeit not like Dubrovsky, his son, his young daughter.
Dubrovsky dearly loves his son, sends him to study in the hope that he will achieve more. He has a negative attitude to Troekurov's plans to unite children in marriage, as he believes that he should choose a wife for love, who will respect and listen to him.
This image plays a secondary role in the work, but without it the author would not have been able to create a truly true picture of that time.
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