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Experimental house in Northern Chertanovo, 6

Peculiarities:

some of the apartments are two-story

underground garage with tunnel leading directly to the street

pneumatic debris removal system

Denis Romodin,sovarch.ru : “There are no streets in this area, only numbers of buildings and buildings. This is one of the first experimental projects in Northern Chertanovo; it appeared in the late seventies on the site of a collective farm arable land. The interior was unimaginably luxurious for that time: giant halls were built on the floors, you could go down to the underground garage by elevator, some of the apartments were made two-story, and European heating systems were installed everywhere. The apartments were partially equipped with furniture from Czechoslovakia. There were also vacuum garbage chutes: all the waste fell into the tunnel, and from it the garbage was blown out several times a day into a special storage facility on the regional outskirts. Mostly high-ranking employees of the Likhachev plant lived in this house.”

The free-flowing development of the area meant that apartment residents would be able to enjoy sunbathing

What life is really like here

Alexey Lysov, musician:“We got an apartment in Northern Chertanovo after my parents wrote a convincing letter to party officials. Mom generally knows how to eat the brain, and she has pityed someone there: a large family is vegetating in a country house behind Krylatskoye. That's how we ended up here. These apartments have a completely anti-Soviet, bourgeois layout: ours, for example, originally had a dressing room. And on the ground floor there was a stroller room for young mothers.

Alexey Lysov in the family apartment on the 12th floor

But the main thing here, of course, is the interesting views. In the house opposite, for example, lives a prolific artist; he has constantly changing canvases on his easel - you can look at them in the evening. And next door there used to be a man who every morning went out onto the balcony completely naked and kicked a punching bag. Every day he practiced the same movement. There is also a sports complex nearby where fencing champions trained before the Moscow Olympics. There are still all sorts of important sports people here. Once I witnessed a suicide: my aunt, the wife of some football player, stood on the ledge of the ninth floor all day. The firefighters arrived with a ladder, but they didn’t have time to remove her; she jumped. Well, in the end, from here you can admire the forest in which the Bitsevsky maniac hunted.

Plants in this house are not only in the halls - residents create lush gardens on the balconies

Another important feature of this house is the huge balconies; our apartment has two of them. At first, my parents were afraid that we would all get trapped, because during construction they did not glass them. My father put something together himself, and now it all looks pretty creepy. But it turns out to be very expensive to do everything professionally: for glazing two such terraces you need to pay half a million rubles at once. Another problem is fires; many people plant all sorts of flowers and grow fences on these wide eaves. In autumn, the plants dry out, and if someone throws a cigarette butt on top, it will definitely burst into flames.

On the balconies in this house you can not only store interesting objects, but also sleep

I don’t know how it is in other areas, but here everyone knows each other. An entire generation of young people grew up in two local schools - after all, Northern Chertanovo began to settle in in 1980, and all the children grew up together. Gangs were constantly forming in our buildings. Members of the wildest of them, from the seventh houses, once climbed into the attic into the elevator shaft and cut off the cabins - both cargo and passenger - with gas scissors. One cabin stopped, and the second flew from the 24th floor to the very bottom: half the entrance was completely destroyed. By the way, there is also amazing acoustics here: you sit by the window and hear in detail how someone twelve floors below is talking on the phone. And car alarms are very annoying: one goes off and echoes throughout the entire area. One day I was returning home from the center with a friend on a moped. And we, like fools, rode with it, along the way we tore off the muffler - and the moped immediately became like an airplane. It's simply unrealistic. We drove into the area, it was hell: three o’clock in the morning, we had already turned off the engine, we were coasting, and suddenly something rolled through the bushes. I think I'm wondering what this is? I see an ashtray. It turns out that some crazy person is throwing himself at us! And again something falls: this time a dumbbell. We grabbed the scooter and ran into the entrance.”

The editors of RBC Real Estate decided to compare several common methods of constructing individual housing in a short time.

Photo: Depositphotos/photography33

The fastest and most inexpensive technologies for building houses are the following:

• block (houses made of cellular concrete: foam concrete, sibit, polystyrene concrete, gas silicate, expanded clay block, etc.);
• frame (which includes all types of frames: wood, laminated timber, metal, plastic, etc.);
• multi-layer sandwich-type enclosing structures;
• houses made of permanent formwork.

In this context, we will not consider one of the most popular materials for low-rise buildings today - brick.

Foam blocks

Photo: Depositphotos/sever180

Brick and stone low-rise housing construction in Russia is the undisputed leader, occupying about 60% of the market. The share of more economical wood is approximately 23%

The fastest way to build a house is if the preparatory - and the lion's - part of the work has already been completed somewhere. Most likely, this is a plant for the production of various building structures. However, one of the most popular materials for individual housing construction in a quick format - foam blocks - can not only be delivered ready-made, but also manufactured directly on the construction site using brick making machines. Masonry made of foam blocks with a thin seam makes it possible to obtain sufficient heat transfer resistance with a reasonable thickness of the structure. The material is durable - it does not burn, does not rust, does not rot, etc. Thanks to its almost ideal geometry and large dimensions, foam concrete ensures high construction speed. Depending on the complexity of the project, the construction time for the box ranges from two weeks, “turnkey” - up to three months.

Houses made from these materials are 10-15% cheaper than, for example, frame houses. Technologies are offered on the market that make it possible to achieve the cost of construction under the roof - 11-12 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m of total area of ​​the house, for self-finishing - from 20 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m depending on the configuration. Although if you look at the price-quality-time ratio, then foam blocks are still a relatively long way, which has a number of disadvantages. One of the main ones is that due to the high hygroscopicity and tendency of foam concrete to get wet, the surface of walls made of foam blocks needs exceptionally good protection from environmental influences, which is not always possible to achieve. The difference between foam block, gas silicate, expanded clay, etc. is in some consumer properties.

Characteristics of cellular concrete

Table: svoy-dom.com

Sandwich panels

This is the slogan of frame construction common in Europe and America. The most common technology for prefabricated frame house construction is the construction of houses from SIP panels (sandwich panels, SIP - Structural Insulated panel). This is a three-layer structure - two oriented cement-bonded, metal, magnesite or plywood boards and a layer of insulation between them (usually solid polystyrene or polyurethane foam injected under pressure). Sometimes houses are insulated with mineral wool. On the outside, the walls are covered with facade plaster or sheathed with siding. The panels are mounted primarily on a wooden, and sometimes on a metal or composite frame. Houses with wooden frames in Russia are often called Canadian.

The main advantages of frame houses are low construction costs, lightweight structures (no need to build a massive foundation), all-season use and ease of finishing - thanks to the perfectly smooth surfaces of the material, there are no “wet” processes during construction. Frame houses have low heat capacity of walls and ceilings - to create a comfortable temperature in the room, it is enough to heat only the air. Cottage made of SIP panels with an area of ​​100-300 sq. m is erected by a professional team in five to seven days, that is, a month and a half after the start of construction, you can already live in the house. Without skills, building longer is risky - any violation of technology leads to loss of consumer properties. The turnkey estimate is calculated based on the technical specifications, depending on the quantity and class of materials used (the economy option will cost approximately 16-17 thousand per 1 sq. m).

At the same time, some materials used in sandwich construction may be unsafe for humans. Sometimes in the production of insulation, as well as in particle boards, phenol-formaldehyde resins are used as a binder, which causes the emission of this harmful substance into the air of a living space. Cotton wool is also a source of carcinogenic dust. When it comes to wooden structures, a lot depends on their quality.

Lightweight steel thin-walled structures

To some extent, a competitor to the wooden frame in the individual housing construction market are light steel thin-walled structures (LSTC) made of galvanized steel. The technology has been successfully used abroad for decades. The practice is not very common in our country. Nevertheless, a certain stable demand for metal frames has already developed. LSTK are used both as independent load-bearing structures in low-rise buildings, and in the form of elements of roofing systems and wall frames.

Light steel thermal profiles serve as the basis for thermal panels. They are made of high-strength structural steel with a thickness of 0.8 to 2 mm. Corrosion resistance is achieved using galvanizing with a coating thickness of 18 to 40 microns inclusive, due to which the service life of the material, according to experts, increases to one hundred years. Metal structures, unlike wooden ones, are not subject to shrinkage, which allows you to almost immediately order windows and doors, carry out finishing work and, therefore, reduce construction time. The strength of steel structures makes it possible to make wider openings between load-bearing elements and to use any roofing and cladding materials. The total cost of a house made of LSTK with an area of ​​about 110 sq. m - a little more than 2 million rubles.

Foam glass

Photo: Depositphotos/Jeanette.Dietl

Russian construction scientists have recently developed a new technology for the production of high-prefabricated house kits for low-rise construction. The basis of the technology is a material unique to world practice - an analogue of foam glass - thermogran. It turns out that the wall is practically a single-layer panel of homogeneous material with a ready-made outer surface for wallpapering. The wall is only 250 mm thick. Heating is provided in the floors. The ceiling, enclosing and roofing structures made of this material allow the house to have a relatively light weight. Accordingly, foundations do not require capital expenditures. The houses are planned to be “planted” on a slab or on screw piles. Installation time is up to ten days. Estimated selling price for a two-story house with an area of ​​180 sq. m will be approximately 20 thousand per 1 sq. m. m.

Experimental houses were previously built on a metal frame. However, now manufacturers have switched to glass-magnesia frames.

Modular houses

Of course, not all fast technologies for low-rise construction are described above. Yes, and they have many different derivatives. There are unique new developments. However, the fastest way to build a house is to buy a modular option. Installation time is one to two days. The cost of construction, in particular from one of the Chinese companies building low-rise housing in Yakutia today, is around 15 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m.

The first house built by the Plastbau M company using foam plastic technology.

Here is the text of the article about the history of the house: www.tsj.ru/rubrs....379&art_id=1597

"Residential foam"

“For the first time in the history of domestic housing construction, a house made of expanded polystyrene, better known as polystyrene foam, was built in the capital. Of course, weightless insulation was not the only building material. First, the builders erected structures from ordinary monolithic concrete, then the concrete was insulated on both sides with special polystyrene foam boards. Then the outside was foam plastic. They plastered it, and lined the inside with gypsum-fiber sheets, on which they eventually glued wallpaper. The horizontal floors were insulated in much the same way. The result was a peach-colored eleven-story municipal building, which now stands on Palekhskaya Street, not far from the VDNKh metro station.

The area of ​​the largest - three-room - apartment is only 45 square meters. m. But there is a kitchen here. But in two-room and one-room apartments, the electric stove and sink are installed directly in the room, and only the tiny bathroom, like a wardrobe, is separated into a separate room. However, as the builders assure, this was done with housewives and elderly citizens in mind - so, they say, they will always be able to see if they forgot to turn off, for example, the electric stove or turn on the tap.

It is assumed that it is pensioners, former orphanage residents and low-income families who will make up the main contingent of residents of the experimental “foam” house.

The other day, six old people at the mayor's office were already given inspection orders and were even allowed to bring in furniture. Just on the day the furniture was delivered, the city’s vice-mayor Valery Shantsev came to the pensioners and asked how they were living in their new house. However, since the pensioners had not yet lived there, their answers were somewhat contradictory.

Not an apartment, but some kind of stocking! - an old woman with a grumpy face shared her fresh impressions. “I’m so sorry that I agreed to move, I was afraid, stupid, that they wouldn’t give me another apartment!”

And I'm comfortable! - objected her neighbor. - It’s very warm and there’s no dampness.

Employees of the Plastbau M company, which built progressive housing, are full of optimism about the future of the experimental technology:

All of Europe has been using expanded polystyrene in the construction of residential buildings for several years now,” Valery Andreevich Starodubovsky, first deputy general director of Plastbau M, told me. - We were the first to apply this technique in Russia. The benefits are obvious: for example, we guarantee residents a 40% saving in thermal energy. This means that, say, with 25-degree frost outside and with the heating completely turned off, the temperature in the apartments will remain positive for a week. Our walls guarantee excellent noise insulation, earthquake resistance, and the safety of all concrete structures for 150 years.

Another significant advantage of the new technology is cost reduction. According to experts from Plastbau M, five times less labor is required to build a house, costs for transport and construction equipment are reduced several times, and construction time is reduced. As a result, one square meter in a “foam plastic” house costs 14 thousand rubles, in a standard panel new building - from 18 to 35 thousand.

“Foam plastic” houses are ideal for implementing the program for the construction of small-sized apartments for socially vulnerable segments of the population, launched 4 years ago. Cheap, practically eternal apartments, which also require almost no heating - isn’t this the dream of any mayor? However, there is still some time left before the notorious housing issue is finally resolved. Throughout the year, the Moscow government will closely monitor the experimental house, and if the readings of the heat consumption meters already installed at the central thermal station coincide with the forecasts of Plastbau M, then large-scale construction of foam plastic new buildings will begin in Moscow.”

Yulia Molodtsova

"Big city"

The first experimental polystyrene foam house in Moscow in Moscow - description, coordinates, photographs, reviews and the ability to find this place in Moscow (Russia). Find out where it is, how to get there, see what's interesting around it. Check out other places on our interactive map for more detailed information. Get to know the world better.

Architects are people who design a new reality, they build experimental houses in which you want to live, gingerbread houses, fairy-tale palaces, and sometimes they produce architectural freaks. The “Big City” team went for a walk around summer Moscow in order to find unique modern, pre-revolutionary and Soviet residential buildings.

1. St. Mashkova, 1/11

The modern landmark of the city is the egg house, it was built relatively recently, in 2002, and is still waiting for its owner. An expensive mansion in the center of Moscow definitely resembles a Faberge egg. The egg house is a product of the Luzhkov era: build whatever you want, any kitsch, as long as you have money and connections. On the other hand, the building on Mashkova Street is included in the list of the most remarkable residential buildings in the capital. From Russian motifs, architects confidently came to vigorous postmodernism. We don’t know whether such a house could have appealed to Nicholas II, a lover of Faberge’s work. The egg on Mashkova Street is not a simple one, but a four-story one, with five habitable rooms in the egg. The egg can also be used for offices. Price: $5,400,000.

2. Nezhinskaya, house 13

The nine-story circle house resembles an old gray donut. The author of the project is the Soviet architect Evgeny Stamo, one of the few designers of the Kremlin Palace of Congresses known to us. On the eve of the 1980 Olympics, the authorities liked the architectural idea of ​​Yevgeny Stamo - a house in the shape of a “space saucer”. The courtyard is large, the size of a football field. On the ground floors there are shops and a pharmacy. The round residential building has 26 entrances and 936 apartments.

Maybe today this donut will seem rather poor to some, but the new Apple headquarters in Silicon Valley looks almost the same.

A one-room apartment on the second floor can now be bought for 5,590,000 rubles.

3. Butikovsky lane, building 3

DeLuxe Cooper House residential complex in the fashionable Ostozhenka area. The six-story club house has 18 apartments ranging from some 127 to 470 square meters. The three buildings of the house are connected by glazed galleries with a winter garden. Residents are provided with a gym, a spacious swimming pool, a cigar club (we didn’t quite understand that this might be a smokers’ anonymous club?) and a children’s playground.

The cost of the apartment is from 919,000 rubles per square meter.

4. Bolshaya Tulskaya street building 2

The house-ship on Bolshaya Tulskaya took about twenty years to build. One-room apartments in it were given to bachelors, so people called the house a bachelor's house. The length of the “ship” is 400 meters, the height is more than 50 meters. There are about a thousand apartments in the building - and quite diverse, from small to huge two-level ones. Some, according to rumors, were walled up during construction: supposedly they have windows, but no doors. Whether this is actually true, no one knows for sure. On the ground floor there was a kindergarten, grocery stores, and cafes. But where once a houseboat was supposed to resemble a cruise ship against a blue sky, today it is an unsightly box of dirty gray with glass balconies.

The huge building does not decorate the capital, but it attracts attention.

Buying an apartment here is not difficult: there are about a dozen for sale, although only one- and two-room apartments. The average cost per square meter is 187,000 rubles, the price of a one-room apartment varies from 5.8 to 7 million rubles, and a two-room apartment will cost 8–8.5 million rubles.

5. Grizodubova Street, 2

It would seem that the time for experimentation is over: today it is fashionable to landscape the streets, build comfortable houses for living and high-quality playgrounds for children. But no, the architects are itching. The 24-storey house “Sail”, or “Snail”, on Khodynskoye Field not only arouses the interest of tourists, but also plunges Muscovites into remarkable surprise.

Until the 20th century, the Khodynskoye field was empty. Once upon a time, False Dmitry was defeated here, Shuisky’s troops were defeated. “Khodynka” became a household name after the tragedy that happened here during public festivities on the occasion of the coronation of Nicholas II.

On the site of the Parus house in the 19th century there was a hippodrome and barracks; at the beginning of the 20th century it was the turn of the airfield, which existed until 2003. In his honor, not far from Khodynka, the Aviators Park was opened in 2008, on one of the alleys of which there is a monument to the pilots who died in World War II.

Khodynka never became an ordinary residential area in Moscow.

The cost of a two-room apartment in Parus reaches $615,560.

6. Rimsky-Korsakov Street, houses 8–18

The house on Rimsky-Korsakov Street is considered the longest residential building in the capital; it is also called the Great Wall of China. The total length of the house in Otradnoye exceeds 1100 meters. Although there are still gaps between the buildings, and the house actually cannot be called the longest in Moscow. In 1963, a research center for testing high-voltage equipment was opened in Vysokovoltny Proezd. It is believed that the Great Wall of China was erected as a screen protecting Northern Otradnoye from harmful electromagnetic radiation. It is difficult to say whether it performed this function, and was it right to make such a building residential? The windows of the kitchens and staircases look out onto the dangerous side of the street, but this is rather little consolation.

Today the cost of a four-room apartment in a panel house ranges from 12.6 to 14.1 million rubles.

7. 4th Syromyatnichesky Lane, 3/5, building 4

Housing with the socialization of life was one of the advanced social and architectural ideas of the 1920s. On the one hand, the housing crisis of those years forced us to look for any ways to provide citizens with housing, on the other hand, the unit of society began to be thought of not only and not so much as the family, but rather as a labor collective - the commune. Why privacy, large kitchens, where Soviet citizens will discuss power, at the same time learning the art of argumentation? The best thing is to resettle people in so-called communes with a common kitchen, shower and toilet.

In Syromyatniki, the architect Georgy Mapu planned to build three buildings around a courtyard made in the shape of a regular pentagon. The courtyard was conceived not as a utilitarian outbuilding of pre-revolutionary merchant Moscow, but also not as a courtyard-well of bourgeois apartment buildings. It was intended to become the most important place for joint leisure and a rallying ground for residents. Work began in 1927; in 1930, two buildings were occupied, but the third was never built.

The passage between the two buildings - large and small - was turned into an arch, and in 1954 it was built up. The six-story residential buildings have corridors running through them, and the staircase landings (two of the three are made pentagonal) are effectively illuminated.

One of the buildings was intended for family occupancy; there was no plan for complete socialization of life - the living rooms had kitchens and bathrooms (their narrow windows are visible on the facade), the other two buildings were intended for bachelors and small-family residents - with common kitchens and bathrooms in the corridor.

Today in Moscow, communal houses are fashionable housing among intellectuals. Small apartments in such houses reach double the price for both purchase and rent. This is understandable, housing is experimental and rare, it’s not every day that you live in a commune house where the spirit of the twenties and thirties of the bygone century hovers. If you try, you can buy an apartment with an area of ​​48 square meters for $326,304, but the demand for communal houses today exceeds their quantity.