Anton Ivanovich
Russian military leader, politician, one of the main leaders of the White movement in Russia during the Civil War.
During the First World War, he commanded the 4th Infantry Brigade (later deployed into a division), which received the nickname "iron". During the Civil years he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (1918-1920), having achieved the greatest success in the fight against the Reds.
Anton Ivanovich Denikin was born in a village near the Polish city of Wloclawek. His father, Ivan Efimovich, came from serfs. On recruiting, he was taken into the army, where, after 22 years of service, he passed the exam for the first officer's rank. He retired in 1869 with the rank of major. The father instilled in his son a deep religiosity, with which Anton Ivanovich went all his life. His mother, Elizaveta Fedorovna, was Polish, and Denikin's very childhood was spent in a city where the main population was Poles and Jews. He himself spoke tolerably Polish and was devoid of any xenophobic sentiments. From childhood, he observed the impotence of the Russian national policy, which set the task of Russifying the region. Denikin's family lived quite poorly, it is in this that one should look for the reasons for his heightened sense of social justice (which at times left Anton Ivanovich sideways) and adherence to liberal views.
Denikin's father died when he was thirteen years old, which further constrained the financial situation of the family, and Anton Ivanovich himself was forced to earn extra money by tutoring. After graduating from the Lowichi real school (where he showed good abilities in mathematics), he entered the Kiev infantry cadet school, which he graduated in 1892 and received the rank of second lieutenant. Being one of the best in his studies, he chose the 2nd Field Artillery Brigade, which was located in the provincial town of Bela (Sedletskaya province), as his duty station.
Lieutenant Denikin. 1895 g.
The fate of the provincial officer did not seduce young Denikin. Soon he entered the elite Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff. True, in his first year he was cut off on an exam in military history (he was asked what the situation was exactly at 12 o'clock during the battle of Wagram), but the next year he again passed the exams and subsequently graduated from the academy. In the year of graduation, its chief, General Sukhotin, personally (in violation of the established law) changed the procedure for determining the final score, as a result, Denikin was not assigned to the General Staff.
And here the character of the young officer manifested itself. He filed a complaint with the minister, and the proceedings began. As a result, he was asked to withdraw the complaint and write a pitiful letter asking for mercy. Denikin refused, saying: “I am not asking for mercy. I strive only for what is rightfully mine. ” The petition for the Highest Name also remained unanswered. And Denikin was never assigned to the General Staff, as the then Minister of War Kuropatkin said in the presence of Emperor Nicholas II, "for his character."
Denikin's camp gathering was held at the headquarters of the Warsaw Military District. The chief of staff, General Puzyrevsky, twice wrote a petition to St. Petersburg about Denikin, receiving the following reply for the third time: "The Minister of War forbade the initiation of any petition about Captain Denikin." As a result, I had to return to my brigade. By the way, a few years later, Anton Ivanovich wrote a personal letter to Kuropatkin, where he described the whole story in detail. To the minister's credit, he admitted that he had acted unfairly, and at the very first audience with the emperor, he achieved Denikin's reckoning with the General Staff.
Even then, Anton Ivanovich began to actively publish various feuilletons, articles and essays in the military press. In them, he denounced bureaucracy, demanded a more humane attitude towards the soldier, and also defended the officer's traditions. Denikin believed that apart from the army and the navy, Russia could not have reliable allies, he saw the danger from Great Britain, Austria-Hungary and Japan. And with regards to the latter, his voice joined the chorus of those who did not consider her a significant military magnitude and predicted a quick victory over her.
In the summer of 1902, Anton Ivanovich became a senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 2nd Infantry Division, and in the fall he left for the qualification to command a company in the 183rd Regiment. At the beginning of 1904, the Russo-Japanese War broke out, and Denikin achieved an appointment to the front. At first, he was appointed chief of staff of the 3rd brigade of the Zaamur district of the separate border guard corps, which was located in the far rear. He did not want to stay away from the main events, and therefore asked for an appointment to the front. By a happy coincidence, he became chief of staff of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Division, commanded by the famous general P.K. von Rennenkampf. It was under the leadership of this undoubtedly talented military leader (division and corps level) that Anton Ivanovich began to comprehend real military science in combat conditions.
In the battles near Tsinghechen at the end of November 1904, he commanded the vanguard (1 battalion, 4 hundred Cossacks and a mountain battery), which valiantly repulsed enemy attacks for five days. The hill on which the fighting took place was even nicknamed "Denikin's". In February 1905, he became chief of staff of the Ural-Transbaikal Cossack Division, arriving there with Rennenkampf, who temporarily replaced the wounded General Mishchenko. Here Denikin took part in the battle of Mukden, which was unsuccessful for us. After the withdrawal of the Russian army, the cavalry on the right flank was again led by General Mishchenko - a man whose name then thundered throughout Russia, and many officers and soldiers specially left their units to serve under his command. Denikin remained chief of staff. Let's note a very interesting trait of his character, namely, the ability to get along with his superiors: at first he managed to establish relations with a very difficult Rennenkampf, and then with his almost "mortal enemy" Mishchenko.
Despite the lull, Mishchenko's cavalry detachment in the following months conducted a series of daring raids on the enemy's rear, destroying railways, destroying enemy companies, seizing military property and valuable correspondence. For military distinction Denikin was promoted to colonel. As Mishchenko wrote in the order for his detachment: "In all fairness, I must recognize the activities of this worthy officer of the General Staff as highly useful both in terms of the internal life of the division's units and, in particular, combat service, which was very difficult and responsible."
All this time of combat life and service with the division, Colonel Denikin showed outstanding energy, efficiency, diligence, correct understanding and love for military affairs.
General P.I. Mishchenko
After the end of the war, it was assumed that Anton Ivanovich would receive the position of chief of staff of the division, but while the long journey through the revolution-ridden Siberia (where the officers had to actually seize the train to break into central Russia) all the vacancies were allocated. After much clarification, he was offered a temporary position as a staff officer at the headquarters of the 2nd Cavalry Corps in the Warsaw military district he was familiar with. The temporary appointment lasted a whole year. A heightened sense of justice again leapt in Denikin, he wrote a not entirely correct petition to the General Staff, from where he received an offer to become chief of staff of the 8th Siberian Division. The telegram read: "In case of refusal, he will be deleted from the candidate list." To which Anton Ivanovich sent an even less correct telegram: "I do not wish," after which he was offered the already normal post of chief of staff of the 57th reserve brigade in Saratov.
Commander of the Arkhangelsk regiment Denikin A.I. Zhitomir, 1912
At this time, Denikin continued to actively appear in the military press with journalistic articles. Some of them dealt with military life, others described the events of the Russo-Japanese war, and others were devoted to the analysis of the reasons for the failures in the fields of Manchuria and the insufficiency of the military reforms that had begun. Like many liberal-minded military men, Anton Ivanovich pinned his hopes on renewal, urging to rely on officer cadres (to improve the selection system and provide an opportunity for creative initiative), as well as to pay attention to the development of aviation and motor transport. On the eve of World War I, Denikin wrote that Russia was not ready for a future war (“A new war would be a misfortune for us”), and therefore believed that “our poor, dark country now, at the dawn of a renewed political system, needs peace more than ever and prosperity. " It is worth noting that he focused on politics in the Far East, clearly exaggerating the military threat from China.
In 1910, Denikin was given command of the 17th Arkhangelsk Infantry Regiment, and at the beginning of 1914 he became an acting general for assignments at the headquarters of the Kiev Military District. In June 1914 he was promoted to the rank of major general.
With the outbreak of World War I, Denikin found himself on the Southwestern Front, which fought against the Austro-Hungarian troops. Initially, he took up the post of Quartermaster General of the 8th Army, General A.A. Brusilov, who was on the left wing and together with the 3rd Army N.V. Ruzsky in early August developed an offensive in Eastern Galicia. Since the Austrians delivered the main blow to the north, the main battles flared up there, and therefore the advance of Brusilov's troops in the first days did not meet with resistance. In mid-August, on the Gnilaya Lipa River, Ruzsky, with the support of Brusilov, defeated the relatively weak Austrian forces and occupied Lvov.
Denikin did not like the staff work, he was eager to fight and knocked himself out of the appointment as commander of the 4th rifle brigade, called up "iron": during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78. she was part of the detachment of General Gurko, who fought fierce battles on Shipka. In the hands of Anton Ivanovich, this brigade again won a number of brilliant victories.
The position of the brigade (division) in the 8th Army was very special. Iron shooters almost did not have to take part in positional standing, at times long and boring. Usually, after a bloody battle, the brigade was withdrawn by Brusilov to the "reserve of the army commander" in order only to be thrown back into the heat of battle, into a breakthrough or into the chaos of retreating units in two or three days. We often suffered great losses and changed fourteen corps in this manner. And I am proud to note that the Iron Division has earned the honorary title of "fire brigade" of the 8th Army.
A.I. Denikin
For a long time, the 4th Rifle Brigade was in cooperation with the no less valiant 12th Cavalry Division A.M. Kaledin and the 48th Infantry Division L.G. Kornilov, and the chief of staff of the front until March 1915 was General M.V. Alekseev. All of them will later become the head of the White movement in the south of Russia.
An excellently educated officer who went through the military school of Rennenkampf and Mishchenko, Denikin at the head of the brigade was "in his place": he was rightfully one of the best brigade and divisional commanders of that war. At the beginning of September 1914, its units took part in the battles at Grodek, repelling an attempt by the Austrians to gain revenge with a blow to the flank of the 8th Army. For these events he was awarded the St. George weapon: “For being in battles from 8 to 12 Sept. 1914 Grodek with outstanding skill and courage repulsed desperate attacks from an excellent enemy in forces, especially persistent 11 Sept., With the desire of the Austrians to break through the center of the corps; and in the morning 12 Sept. they themselves went over with the brigade on a decisive offensive. "
In September, Denikin's brigade participated in the further pursuit of the defeated Austrians, who were retreating across the river with their entire front. San. However, the situation soon changed dramatically: the Germans, together with their allies, launched an attack on Warsaw, while the Austrians launched their own offensive in Galicia. So bloody battles began on the river. San and at Khyrov, who went all October and ended with a general detour of the enemy. In them, the "iron brigade" showed miracles of courage and courage. So, on October 11 (24), without any artillery preparation, Denikin broke through the enemy lines of defense and, having scribbled a quick telegram "We beat and drive the Austrians," began pursuit, during which he captured the village. Mountain Meadow. For the enemy, the Russian breakthrough was so unexpected that it caused panic in the rear. Moreover, the headquarters of the group of Archduke Franz Joseph was located in Gorny Luzhka, who barely managed to avoid capture. The success of Denikin's brigade provided an important contribution to the general advancement of the army, and Anton Ivanovich himself was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th class.
At the end of October, the enemy began to withdraw along the entire front and the 8th Army reached the Carpathians. If in November the main operations were unfolded in the Lodz area (an unsuccessful attempt to invade Germany) and in the direction of Krakow, then Brusilov was given a generally passive task: to act in the Carpathians, ensuring the left flank of the entire front from possible surprises from Hungary. Brusilov decided to occupy the Carpathian passes. Thus began stubborn battles in the Carpathians, which continued with varying success until April 1915. Denikin's brigade was actively transferred from one sector to another, ensuring the advance of the Russian troops. For the battles of January 1915 Denikin was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. As stated in the awarding order: “Being in the 2nd Cavalry Corps and personally supervising the actions of the 4th Rifle Brigade entrusted to him, under strong and real fire he knocked out the enemy, who had shown great persistence, from a number of trenches and threw him over the river. San on the section Smolnik - Zhuravin. Capturing the most important tactically, heavily fortified heights 761-703-710 contributed to the victorious success of the entire Lutovsky operation so much that without the capture of these heights the mentioned success would have been impossible. Trophies: 8 machine guns and over 2,000 prisoners. "
In early March, the brigade fought the hardest battles near Mount Odrin. Here she found herself in an almost complete encirclement, and behind was a deep river. San with one bridge for crossing. The riflemen bled again, but did not retreat, so as not to expose the neighboring 14th Infantry Division under attack. Only by order of the superiors, the brigade was then withdrawn for San. Note that by the beginning of April 1915 the 8th Army nevertheless found itself on the western slope of the Carpathians.
In April, a month after the fall of the largest Austrian fortress, Przemysl, Emperor Nicholas II came to the front. The 1st company of the 16th rifle regiment was put on the guard of honor. As Brusilov later wrote: “I reported to the sovereign that the 16th regiment, as well as the entire rifle division, called the Iron Division, had stood out for its particular valor throughout the campaign and that, in particular, the 1st Company had a these days a brilliant job, having destroyed two enemy companies. " At about the same time, in the spring of 1915, Denikin was offered to lead an infantry division, but he refused, saying that with his "iron arrows" he could do more. As a result, the brigade was deployed into a division.
During the battles for the Carpathians, the armies of the Southwestern Front suffered heavy losses. High ammunition consumption coincided with a military supply crisis. Moreover, in mid-April, the enemy concentrated a large grouping and broke through the Russian front in the area of Cape Gorlitsa. So bloody battles began, ending with the Great retreat of the Russian armies. Denikin recalled: “The Battle of Przemysl in mid-May. Eleven days of the fiercest battle of the Iron Division ... Eleven days of the terrible roar of German heavy artillery, literally tearing down whole rows of trenches along with their defenders ... And the silence of my batteries ... We could not answer, there was nothing. Even the most limited amount of cartridges was issued for the guns. The regiments, exhausted to the last degree, repulsed one attack after another ... with bayonets or, in last resort shooting at close range. I saw how the ranks of my riflemen were thinning, and felt despair and a sense of absurd helplessness. "
Throughout the summer, the troops of the Southwestern Front with battles, sometimes turning to counterattacks, withdrew, having managed to avoid a complete defeat. In mid-August, the 1st Austro-Hungarian Army launched an offensive bypassing the flank of the 8th Army. The situation was saved by the new 39th corps (it consisted of spare parts, and therefore its combat strength was minimal) and the 4th rifle division.
The division's position was unusually difficult. The Austrians, introducing more and more forces into the battle, spread to the left, into the coverage of the right flank of the army. In accordance with this, my front also lengthened, reaching, in the end, up to 15 kilometers. The enemy forces significantly outnumbered us, almost three times, and it was impossible to defend ourselves under such conditions. I decided to attack.
A.I. Denikin
Denikin went over to the attack three times, thereby delaying the enemy's outflanking wing. In the first half of September, due to the general situation, the 8th Army withdrew.
However, Brusilov soon managed to win a private victory, and, building on his success, he sent the 4th rifle division to Lutsk. Frontal attack failed. Then the 30th corps of General Zayonchkovsky was sent to bypass, but it was also stopped by the enemy troops. The situation on the Denikin front worsened: “Our situation is at its peak. We have no choice but to attack, ”he said. On September 10 (23), during a daring attack, Lutsk was taken, and Denikin entered the city in the ranks of the first line. 128 officers and 6,000 lower ranks were taken prisoner, 3 guns and 30 machine guns became trophies. Soon Zayonchkovsky's units approached, he sent a report to the army headquarters that he had entered the city, Brusilov made a comic note on it: "... and took General Denikin prisoner there." For the feat with the capture of Lutsk (which, however, later had to be abandoned), Anton Ivanovich was promoted to lieutenant general, and later was awarded the St. George's weapon, decorated with diamonds. In fact, during the two years of the war, Denikin received four of the highest "St. George's" awards: the maximum that the division chief could count on at that time.
In early October, the 4th Rifle Division took part in the capture of Czartorysk, when the 1st Grenadier Crown Prince's Regiment was defeated. Were captured 138 officers, 6100 lower ranks, and also taken 9 guns and 40 machine guns.
The last glorious page in the history of the "iron shooters" was the Brusilov Breakthrough, which began at the end of May 1916. Then Denikin's division was part of the 8th Army, commanded by General Kaledin. Artillery preparation began at four in the morning on May 22 and continued throughout the day. By the morning of the next day, passages had been created for an immediate attack. Then Denikin gave order No. 13: "Today at 9 o'clock I am ordering the division to attack and God help us!"
The attack began successfully: in just half an hour, the division captured all three enemy lines of defense (the only exception was the left flank, where the battle for the 1st line dragged on). By the evening, the task was completed. At the same time, a telegram of gratitude from the commander of the army followed: "I thank you from the bottom of my heart, as well as all the heroes-riflemen for their today's glorious heroism and impeccable valor."
On May 24, the 4th Rifle Division rushed into pursuit. Denikin followed his units, which moved forward non-stop. Seeing the success of the offensive, he, unable to resist, declared, addressing the 16th Rifle Regiment in reserve: "For tomorrow I will give you Lutsk." By the evening of the next day, after a stubborn battle, the arrows really broke into the city, capturing 4,500 prisoners. At the same time, the offensive went on so rapidly that communication with the corps headquarters was temporarily lost. In total, during these days, 243 officers, 9626 lower ranks, more than 500 wounded, 27 guns, 37 machine guns, mortars and bombs, a lot of weapons and shells were taken. The losses were: among the officers - 16 were killed, 25 were wounded and 2 were shell-shocked, among the lower ranks - 694 were killed, 2867 were wounded.
Over the next few days, the division remained in its positions, mainly conducting reconnaissance and providing support to the neighboring 2nd Infantry Division. On June 4, an order came to defend the captured lines. By that time, the Germans had already arrived to the aid of the Austrians, which means that Denikin had to repel the attacks of a more skillful enemy. The enemy was pressing. By noon, some regiments fought off the 8th attack, but the division held out, although it lost 13 officers and 890 riflemen.
The next days were spent in heavy fighting, and on June 8 the division was withdrawn to prepared positions. From 5 to 10 June, she lost 9 officers and 781 lower ranks killed, 33 officers and 3202 lower ranks were wounded, 5 officers and 25 lower ranks were shell-shocked, 18 officers and 1041 lower ranks remained on the battlefield. 8 officers, 611 enemy soldiers were taken prisoner, 3 machine guns were captured. Denikin's division fought defensive battles, went over to private counterattacks. Despite serious efforts, the Austrians did not manage to break through the defenses (breakthroughs in some areas, as a rule, were quickly eliminated). Only on June 18th, 13 captured enemy officers, 613 lower ranks, passed through the division headquarters. In the order of the army commander, the 2nd and 4th rifle divisions were called the core, pride and glory of the 8th army.
On June 21-22, the division fought demonstrative battles. Losses amounted to 420 riflemen and 351 lower ranks in the 199th regiment. As stated in the division's combat log: “The demonstration was too expensive, although it apparently achieved its goal. The reason: one company went forward and broke into the enemy's forward trenches; the neighboring ones did not want to lag behind. The irrepressible striving forward created the illusion of little resistance from the enemy; however, the large number of losses does not confirm this. "
In July, Denikin's troops went over to the offensive three times, managed to advance somewhat, but failed to break the line of defense. On August 18, attempts were repeated again to attack the enemy, chemical shells were even used, but neither Denikin nor other commanders managed to achieve significant success. After initial successes at the end of May - June, the offensive rush subsided, and the Brusilov breakthrough did not achieve strategic goal: withdrawal from the war of Austria-Hungary.
On September 8, Denikin nevertheless went for a promotion: he was appointed commander of the 8th Army Corps, at the head of which he first took part in unsuccessful battles at Kovel, and then was transferred to the Romanian front in order to save a defeated ally.
By that time, Denikin had acquired fairly wide popularity as one of the most successful commanders. Of course, he was a brilliant tactician, he knew how to keep control of his units, regardless of the severity of the battle, he understood the psychology of the soldiers and had a "Suvorov" eye. Most importantly, Denikin was not afraid of an offensive, comparing favorably with many other commanders. Of course, during impulses, he sometimes fell into euphoria, which led to an underestimation of the enemy's forces and high losses. The successes of the "iron shooters" sometimes aroused envy from neighboring units and criticism that their own merits were underestimated. So, when Denikin was transferred to a new position, General V.I. Sokolov left the following lines in his notes: “The VIII corps knew Denikin for a long time as the head of the 3rd rifle, so-called iron, first a brigade, and then a division - for combat meetings and joint affairs in 1915 and 1916. We knew that he was a man of immense ambition, to the satisfaction of which he went by all means, up to the cheapest advertising, inclusive, but at the same time he was an absolutely brave man, not only with military, but also with civic courage. " A.A. Brusilov: “Denikin, who played such a big role later, was a good military general, very quick-witted and decisive, but he always tried to make his neighbors work decently in his favor in order to facilitate the task given to him for his division; his neighbors often complained that he wanted to attribute their military distinctions to himself. I considered it natural that he was trying to reduce the number of victims of the units entrusted to him, but, of course, all this should be done with a certain tact and in certain proportions. "
Anton Ivanovich met the February revolution with the hope of positive changes in the country and the army, but the subsequent turmoil and the collapse of the armed forces hit his illusions. Not without the patronage of the Minister of War A.I. Guchkov, he became first assistant chief of staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief (at that time General M.V. Alekseev was at the head of the armies), and then chief of staff. Together with Alekseev, he stood at the origins of the Union of Army and Navy Officers, a professional organization that managed to rally those who did not accept the collapse of the army and were ready to speak out in the name of saving Russia.
After Alekseev's resignation in May 1917, Denikin became the head of the Western Front. In mid-July, during a meeting of senior officials in the presence of Prime Minister A.F. Kerensky, he sharply opposed the murderous policy of the Provisional Government, urging to disperse the military committees, restore discipline and not involve the army in politics. Kerensky thanked him for his honest report. According to available information, at that time Anton Ivanovich appeared among those who were planned to be appointed to the post of Supreme Commander-in-Chief instead of A.A. Brusilov, however, due to support from Savinkov, this post was taken by L.G. Kornilov. Denikin soon became the head of the Southwestern Front.
He supported Kornilov's speech and was arrested along with him and other generals. They managed to escape only after the October Revolution. Denikin ended up on the Don, where he took part in the creation of the Volunteer Army, the main inspirer of which was M.V. Alekseev. At the end of January 1918, Denikin was appointed head of the 1st Volunteer Division, and then deputy commander of Kornilov. After his tragic death at the end of March in the battles for Yekaterinodar, Denikin became the commander of the Volunteer Army.
It was under his leadership that the volunteers managed to achieve the greatest success in the South of Russia. By the end of the year, the Kuban and the North Caucasus were liberated. At the end of December, Denikin signed an agreement with the Don Army. As a result, the united Armed Forces of the South of Russia (ARSUR) were created, at the head of which he stood.
The spring of 1919 brought new successes. In May-June, the Bolsheviks were defeated on the Don and Manych, and Denikin took possession of the Carboniferous Region, the fuel and metallurgical base of southern Russia. At the same time, he received military assistance (albeit in an insufficient amount) from the Allies in the Entente, which also contributed to the strengthening of his army. At the end of June, Kharkov, Yekaterinoslav were taken, and Tsaritsyn fell on June 30. Here, Anton Ivanovich signed the well-known "Moscow directive", which directed the main blow at Moscow. Denikin's headquarters at that time was under the influence of euphoria from the successes achieved, and therefore diffused forces, and also underestimated the enemy. Back in the summer, General P.N. Wrangel proposed to attack Saratov and join up with Kolchak's army, but Anton Ivanovich rejected this proposal. In his defense, we can say that at that time Kolchak's army had already suffered defeats, retreating to the Urals. Moreover, she herself did not seek to connect with Denikin.
However, the offensive continued. In the summer, Denikin returned Poltava, Odessa and Kiev, in early September, white troops entered Kursk, and on September 30 - in Orel. For a moment, the Bolsheviks almost lost heart: the evacuation of government offices to Vologda had already begun, and an underground party committee was being created in Moscow. However, these were Denikin's last victories. By that time rebel army Makhno inflicted a series of serious blows on the rear of the Armed Forces of South Ossetia, while the Reds managed to gather a strong fist. It also had an effect that, despite his military talent, Denikin turned out to be a weak politician, unable (like other white generals, by the way) to either propose a intelligible and attractive idea or stabilize the political situation in the rear.
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At the end of September, the Reds launched a counteroffensive, inflicting a number of major defeats on the Whites. By the end of the year, they left Kharkov, Kiev and Donbass. At the same time, unrest in the rear intensified, Denikin flared up a conflict with General Wrangel, rumors, intrigues and conspiracies multiplied. He could not keep power in his hands against the background of unexpected defeats. At the end of March 1920, the unsuccessful evacuation of Novorossiysk began, which dealt the last blow to Denikin. On April 4 (17), the Military Council appointed Baron Wrangel as commander-in-chief of the AFSR, and Denikin left for England.
A painful farewell to my closest employees at Headquarters and the officers of the convoy. Then he went downstairs - to the premises of the security officer company, which consisted of old volunteers, most of them wounded in battles; with many of them I was connected by the memory of the painful days of the first campaigns. They are agitated, muffled sobs are heard ... Deep excitement seized me too; a heavy lump that came up to the throat made it difficult to speak ...
It was already night when we went out to sea. Only bright lights, which covered the darkness, still marked the shore of the abandoned Russian land. Fade and fade.
Russia, my Motherland ...
A.I. Denikin
In exile, Denikin lived for a short time in England, Belgium and Hungary, until in 1926 he settled in France. He wrote memoirs and various historical studies (some have not yet been published), gave lectures, and took part in the life of our emigrants. With the outbreak of World War II, he tried to escape to the Spanish border, but was captured by the Nazis. He repeatedly rejected cooperation with the Nazis. After the end of World War II, he emigrated to the United States (he issued a visa through the Polish embassy as born in the territory of modern Poland). He died in 1947 and was buried with military honors. In 2005, his remains, on behalf of V.V. Putin were transferred to their homeland.
PAKHALYUK K.,
member of the Russian Association of Historians of the First World War,
head of the Internet project "Heroes of the First World War"
RGVIA F. 2498. Op. 2.D. 95 (journal of military operations of the 4th rifle division)
Brusilov A.A. My memories. M., 2002
Terebov O.V. A.I. Denikin is against bureaucracy, ostentation and arbitrariness. Voenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal. 1994. No. 2
Ippolitov G. Denikin. M., 2006 (ZhZL)
White movement. Historical portraits: L.G. Kornilov, A.I. Denikin, P.N. Wrangel ... Comp. A.C. Kruchinin. M., 2006
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Member of the Russian-Japanese War. One of the most productive generals of the Russian Imperial Army during the First World War. Commander of the 4th Rifle "Iron" Brigade (1914-1916, since 1915 - deployed under his command in a division), 8th Army Corps (1916-1917). Lieutenant General of the General Staff (1916), Commander of the Western and Southwestern Fronts (1917). An active participant in the military congresses of 1917, an opponent of the democratization of the army. Expressed support for the Kornilov speech, for which he was arrested by the Provisional Government, a participant in the Berdichev and Bykhov seats of the generals (1917).
One of the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War, its leader in the South of Russia (1918-1920). Achieved the greatest military and political results among all the leaders of the White movement. Pioneer, one of the main organizers, and then commander of the Volunteer Army (1918-1919). Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (1919-1920), Deputy Supreme Ruler and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, Admiral Kolchak (1919-1920).
Since April 1920 - an emigrant, one of the main political figures of the Russian emigration. Author of memoirs "Essays on Russian Troubles" (1921-1926) - a fundamental historical and biographical work about the Civil War in Russia, memoirs "The Old Army" (1929-1931), autobiographical story "The Way of a Russian Officer" (published in 1953) and a number of other works.
Kazarsky Alexander Ivanovich
Lieutenant Commander. Participant in the Russian-Turkish war of 1828-29. Distinguished in the capture of Anapa, then Varna, commanding the transport "Rival". After that he was promoted to lieutenant commander and appointed captain of the brig "Mercury". On May 14, 1829, the 18-gun brig "Mercury" was overtaken by two Turkish battleships "Selimiye" and "Real Bey." Subsequently, an officer from Real Bey wrote: “As the battle continued, the commander of the Russian frigate (the infamous Raphael, who surrendered without a fight a few days earlier) told me that the captain of this brig would not surrender, and if he lost hope, then the brig would blow up If in the great deeds of ancient and modern times there are feats of courage, then this act should darken all of them, and the name of this hero is worthy to be inscribed in gold letters on the Temple of Glory: he is called Lieutenant-Commander Kazarsky, and brig- "Mercury"
The commander, under whose command the white army, with a smaller force for 1.5 years, won victories over the red army and took possession of the North Caucasus, Crimea, Novorossiya, Donbass, Ukraine, Don, part of the Volga region and the central black earth provinces of Russia. He retained the dignity of the Russian name during the Second World War, refusing to cooperate with the Nazis, despite the irreconcilably anti-Soviet position
Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich
Finnish war.
Strategic retreat in the first half of 1812
European campaign of 1812
Uborevich Ieronim Petrovich
Soviet military leader, commander of the 1st rank (1935). Member The communist party from March 1917. Born in the village of Aptandrijus (now the Utena region of the Lithuanian SSR) in the family of a Lithuanian peasant. Graduated from the Constantine Artillery School (1916). Member of the 1st World War 1914-18, second lieutenant. After the October Revolution of 1917, he was one of the organizers of the Red Guard in Bessarabia. In January - February 1918 he commanded a revolutionary detachment in battles against the Romanian and Austro-German interventionists, was wounded and taken prisoner, from where he fled in August 1918. He was an artillery instructor, commander of the Dvinskaya brigade on the Northern Front, from December 1918, chief of the 18th Infantry divisions of the 6th army. From October 1919 to February 1920, the commander of the 14th Army in the defeat of General Denikin's troops, in March - April 1920 he commanded the 9th Army in the North Caucasus. In May - July and November - December 1920, commander of the 14th Army in battles against the troops of bourgeois Poland and the Petliurites, in July - November 1920 - the 13th Army in battles against the Wrangelites. In 1921, the assistant to the commander of the troops of the Ukraine and Crimea, the deputy commander of the troops of the Tambov province, the commander of the troops of the Minsk province, led the hostilities in the defeat of the gangs of Makhno, Antonov and Bulak-Balakhovich. Since August 1921, commander of the 5th Army and the East Siberian Military District. In August - December 1922, Minister of War of the Far Eastern Republic and Commander-in-Chief of the People's Revolutionary Army during the liberation of the Far East. He was the commander of the North Caucasian (from 1925), Moscow (from 1928) and Belarusian (from 1931) military districts. Since 1926, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, in 1930-31 Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and chief of armaments of the Red Army. Since 1934, a member of the Military Council of the NCO. He made a great contribution to strengthening the defense capability of the USSR, educating and training command personnel and troops. Candidate member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1930-37. Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee since December 1922. He was awarded 3 Orders of the Red Banner and Honorary Revolutionary Weapons.
Margelov Vasily Filippovich
The author and initiator of the creation of technical means of the Airborne Forces and methods of using units and formations of the Airborne Forces, many of which personify the image of the Airborne Forces of the USSR Armed Forces and the Russian Armed Forces that exists today.
General Pavel Fedoseevich Pavlenko:
In the history of the Airborne Forces, and in the Armed Forces of Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, his name will remain forever. He personified an entire era in the development and formation of the Airborne Forces, their authority and popularity are associated with his name not only in our country, but also abroad ...
Colonel Nikolai Fedorovich Ivanov:
Under the leadership of Margelov for more than twenty years, the landing troops became one of the most mobile in the combat structure of the Armed Forces, prestigious service in them, especially revered among the people ... A photograph of Vasily Filippovich in demobilization albums was sold by soldiers at the highest price - for a set of badges. The competition in the Ryazan Airborne School overlapped the figures of VGIK and GITIS, and applicants who were cut off at the exams for two or three months, before the snow and frost, lived in the forests near Ryazan in the hope that someone could not withstand the loads and it would be possible to take his place ...
Gagen Nikolay Alexandrovich
On June 22, echelons with units of the 153rd Infantry Division arrived in Vitebsk. Covering the city from the west, the Hagen division (together with the heavy artillery regiment attached to the division) occupied a 40 km long defensive zone, opposed by the 39th German motorized corps.
After 7 days of fierce fighting, the division's battle formations were not broken through. The Germans no longer got involved with the division, bypassed it and continued the offensive. The division flashed in the message of the German radio as destroyed. Meanwhile, the 153rd Infantry Division, without ammunition and fuel, began to break out of the ring. Hagen led the division out of the encirclement with heavy weapons.
For the staunchness and heroism shown during the Yelninsky operation on September 18, 1941, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense No. 308, the division received the honorary name "Guards".
From 01/31/1942 to 09/12/1942 and from 10/21/1942 to 04/25/1943 - the commander of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps,
from May 1943 to October 1944 - commander of the 57th Army,
from January 1945 - by the 26th Army.
The troops under the leadership of N.A.Gagen participated in the Sinyavin operation (and the general managed to break out of the encirclement with weapons in his hands for the second time), the battles of Stalingrad and Kursk, the battles on the Left Bank and Right Bank Ukraine, in the liberation of Bulgaria, in the Yassko-Chisinau, Belgrade, Budapest, Balaton and Vienna operations. Participant of the Victory Parade.
Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilievich
A talented commander who showed himself during the Troubles at the beginning of the 17th century. In 1608 Skopin-Shuisky was sent by Tsar Vasily Shuisky to negotiate with the Swedes in Novgorod the Great. He managed to negotiate Swedish assistance to Russia in the fight against False Dmitry II. The Swedes recognized the unconditional leader in Skopin-Shuisky. In 1609, he with the Russian-Swedish army came to the rescue of the capital, which was under siege by False Dmitry II. He defeated in the battles near Torzhok, Tver and Dmitrov the detachments of the adherents of the impostor, freed the Volga region from them. He lifted the blockade from Moscow and entered it in March 1610.
Vatutin Nikolay Fedorovich
Operations "Uranus", "Little Saturn", "Leap", etc. etc.
True Worker of War
Nevsky, Suvorov
Undoubtedly the holy noble Prince Alexander Nevsky and Generalissimo A.V. Suvorov
Prince Monomakh Vladimir Vsevolodovich
The most remarkable of the Russian princes of the pre-Tatar period of our history, which left behind resounding glory and good memory.
Wrangel, Pyotr Nikolaevich
Member of the Russo-Japanese and World War I, one of the main leaders (1918-1920) of the White movement during the Civil War. Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in the Crimea and Poland (1920). General Staff Lieutenant General (1918). George Knight.
Bennigsen Leonty
An unfairly forgotten commander. Having won several battles against Napoleon and his marshals, he drew two battles with Napoleon, lost one battle. He took part in the Battle of Borodino and was one of the contenders for the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army during the Patriotic War of 1812!
Dzhugashvili Joseph Vissarionovich
Collected and coordinated the actions of a team of talented military leaders
Drozdovsky Mikhail Gordeevich
Udatny Mstislav Mstislavovich
A real knight, was recognized as a fair military leader in Europe
Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich
Prominent military leader, scientist, traveler and discoverer. Admiral of the Russian Fleet, whose talent was highly appreciated by Tsar Nicholas II. The Supreme Ruler of Russia during the Civil War, a true Patriot of his Fatherland, a man of a tragic, interesting fate. One of those military men who tried to save Russia during the years of turmoil, in the most difficult conditions, being in very difficult international diplomatic conditions.
Baklanov Yakov Petrovich
An outstanding strategist and mighty warrior, he won respect and fear of his name from the undisguised highlanders, who forgot the iron grip of the "Thunderstorms of the Caucasus". At the moment - Yakov Petrovich, an example of the spiritual strength of a Russian soldier in front of the proud Caucasus. His talent crushed the enemy and minimized the time frame of the Caucasian War, for which he received the nickname "Boklu" akin to the devil for his fearlessness.
Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich
Well, who else but him is the only Russian commander who has not lost, not lost more than one battle !!!
Eremenko Andrey Ivanovich
Commander of the Stalingrad and South-Eastern Fronts. The fronts under his command in the summer and autumn of 1942 stopped the offensive of the German 6 field armies and 4 tank armies against Stalingrad.
In December 1942, the Stalingrad Front of General Eremenko stopped the tank offensive of the group of General G. Goth at Stalingrad, for the release of the 6th Army of Paulus.
Khvorostinin Dmitry Ivanovich
A commander who had no defeats ...
Duke of Württemberg Eugene
General of Infantry, cousin of Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I. Served in the Russian Army since 1797 (enlisted as a colonel in the Life Guards Horse Regiment by Decree of Emperor Paul I). Participated in military campaigns against Napoleon in 1806-1807. For participation in the Battle of Pultusk in 1806, he was awarded the Order of St. George the Victorious 4th degree, for the 1807 campaign he received the golden weapon "For Bravery", distinguished himself in the 1812 campaign (personally led the 4th Jaeger Regiment into battle at Smolensk), for participation in the Battle of Borodino he was awarded the Order of St. George the Victorious 3rd degree. Since November 1812, the commander of the 2nd Infantry Corps in the army of Kutuzov. He took an active part in the foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814, units under his command especially distinguished themselves in the battle of Kulm in August 1813, and in the "battle of the peoples" at Leipzig. For courage at Leipzig, Duke Eugene was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. Parts of his corps were the first to enter the defeated Paris on April 30, 1814, for which Eugene of Württemberg received the rank of general from infantry. From 1818 to 1821 was the commander of the 1st Army Infantry Corps. Contemporaries considered Prince Eugene of Württemberg one of the best Russian infantry commanders during the Napoleonic Wars. From December 21, 1825 - Nicholas I was appointed chief of the Tavrichesky Grenadier Regiment, which became known as the "Grenadier of His Royal Highness Prince Eugene of Württemberg". On August 22, 1826, he was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. Participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1827-1828. as commander of the 7th Infantry Corps. On October 3, he defeated a large Turkish detachment on the Kamchik River.
Rurik Svyatoslav Igorevich
Year of birth 942 Date of death 972 Expansion of state borders. 965g the conquest of the Khazars, 963g a campaign to the south to the Kuban region, the capture of Tmutarakan, 969 the conquest of the Volga Bulgars, 971g the conquest of the Bulgarian kingdom, 968g the foundation of Pereyaslavets on the Danube (the new capital of Russia), 969g the defeat of the Pechenegs during the defense of Kiev.
Petr Stepanovich Kotlyarevsky
General Kotlyarevsky, son of a priest from the village of Olkhovatka, Kharkov province. He went from private to general in the tsarist army. He can be called a great-grandfather Russian special forces... He carried out truly unique operations ... His name is worthy of inclusion in the list of the greatest military leaders of Russia
Alexander Suvorov
by the only criterion, invincibility.
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich
During the Patriotic War, Stalin was in charge of all the armed forces of our country and coordinated their military operations. One cannot fail to note his merits in the competent planning and organization of military operations, in the skillful selection of military leaders and their assistants. Joseph Stalin proved himself not only as an outstanding commander who competently led all the fronts, but also as an excellent organizer who carried out a tremendous amount of work to increase the country's defense capability both in the pre-war and in the war years.
A short list of military awards I.V. Stalin received during the Second World War:
Order of Suvorov I degree
Medal "For the Defense of Moscow"
Order "Victory"
Medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union
Medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945."
Medal "For the Victory over Japan"
Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich
Successes in the Crimean War of 1853-56, victory in the Battle of Sinop in 1853, defense of Sevastopol in 1854-55.
Gorbaty-Shuisky Alexander Borisovich
Hero of the Kazan war, the first governor of Kazan
Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich
Greatest Commander and Diplomat !!! Who totally defeated the troops of the "first European Union" !!!
Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich
The great Russian commander, who did not suffer a single defeat in his military career (more than 60 battles), one of the founders of the Russian military art.
Prince of Italica (1799), Count of Rymnik (1789), Count of the Holy Roman Empire, Generalissimo of the Russian land and naval forces, Field Marshal of the Austrian and Sardinian armies, Grand of the Sardinian kingdom and prince of royal blood (with the title of "cousin of the king"), Knight of all Russian orders of the time, awarded to men, as well as many foreign military orders.
Yulaev Salavat
Commander of the Pugachev era (1773-1775). Together with Pugachev, organizing an uprising, he tried to change the position of the peasants in society. I had a few dinner over the troops of Catherine II.
Alekseev Mikhail Vasilievich
Outstanding employee Russian Academy General Staff. The developer and executor of the Galician operation - the first brilliant victory of the Russian army in the Great War.
Saved from the encirclement of the troops of the North-Western Front during the "Great Retreat" in 1915.
Chief of Staff of the Russian Armed Forces in 1916-1917
Supreme Commander-in-Chief Russian army in 1917
Developed and implemented strategic plans offensive operations 1916 - 1917
He continued to defend the need to preserve the Eastern Front after 1917 (the Volunteer Army is the basis of the new Eastern Front in the ongoing Great War).
Deceived and slandered in relation to various so-called. "Masonic military lodges", "generals' conspiracy against the Emperor", etc., etc. - in terms of emigre and contemporary historical journalism.
General-Field Marshal Gudovich Ivan Vasilievich
The assault on the Turkish fortress of Anapa on June 22, 1791. In terms of complexity and importance, it is only inferior to the storming of Izmail by A.V. Suvorov.
A 7,000-strong Russian detachment stormed Anapa, which was defended by a 25,000-strong Turkish garrison. At the same time, shortly after the start of the assault, 8,000 horse highlanders and Turks attacked the Russian detachment from the mountains, attacking the Russian camp, but could not break into it, were repulsed in a fierce battle and were pursued by the Russian cavalry.
The fierce battle for the fortress lasted over 5 hours. Of the Anapa garrison, about 8,000 people died, 13,532 of the defenders, led by the commandant and Sheikh Mansur, were taken prisoner. A small part (about 150 people) escaped on ships. Almost all artillery was captured or destroyed (83 guns and 12 mortars), 130 banners were taken. To the nearby fortress Sudzhuk-Kale (on the site of modern Novorossiysk) Gudovich sent a separate detachment from Anapa, but when he approached the garrison burned the fortress and fled into the mountains, throwing 25 guns.
The losses of the Russian detachment were very high - 23 officers and 1215 privates were killed, 71 officers and 2401 privates were wounded (in the "Military Encyclopedia" of Sytin, somewhat smaller figures are indicated - 940 killed and 1995 wounded). Gudovich was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree, all officers of his detachment were awarded, and a special medal was established for the lower ranks.
Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich
For the highest military leadership and immense love for the Russian soldier
Belov Pavel Alekseevich
He led the equestrian corps during the Second World War. He showed himself excellently at the Moscow Battle, especially in defensive battles near Tula. He especially distinguished himself in the Rzhev-Vyazemsk operation, where he left the encirclement after 5 months of stubborn battles.
Kovpak Sidor Artemievich
Member of the First World War (served in the 186th Aslanduz Infantry Regiment) and the Civil War. During the First World War, he fought on the Southwestern Front, a participant in the Brusilov breakthrough. In April 1915, as part of the guard of honor, he was personally awarded the St. George Cross by Nicholas II. In total, he was awarded the St. George's Crosses III and IV degrees and medals "For Courage" ("St. George's" medals) III and IV degrees.
During the Civil War, he headed a local partisan detachment that fought against the German invaders in Ukraine along with the detachments of A. Ya. Denikin and Wrangel on the Southern Front.
In 1941-1942, Kovpak's unit carried out raids behind enemy lines in the Sumy, Kursk, Oryol and Bryansk regions, in 1942-1943 - a raid from the Bryansk forests to the Right Bank Ukraine along the Gomel, Pinsk, Volyn, Rivne, Zhitomir and Kiev regions; in 1943 - the Carpathian raid. The Sumy partisan unit under the command of Kovpak fought over 10 thousand kilometers in the rear of the German fascist troops, defeated enemy garrisons in 39 settlements. Kovpak's raids played a large role in the deployment partisan movement against the German invaders.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union:
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 18, 1942 for exemplary performance of combat missions behind enemy lines, courage and heroism shown in their implementation, Kovpak Sidor Artemyevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 708)
The second medal "Gold Star" (No.) Major General Kovpak Sidor Artemyevich was awarded by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 4, 1944 for the successful conduct of the Carpathian raid
four Orders of Lenin (18.5.1942, 4.1.1944, 23.1.1948, 25.5.1967)
Order of the Red Banner (12.24.1942)
Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 1st degree. (7.8.1944)
Order of Suvorov I degree (2.5.1945)
medals
foreign orders and medals (Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia)
Donskoy Dmitry Ivanovich
His army won the Kulikovo victory.
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich
He was the Supreme Commander-in-Chief during the Great Patriotic War, in which our country won, and made all strategic decisions.
Slashchev-Krymsky Yakov Alexandrovich
Defense of Crimea in 1919-20 “The Reds are my enemies, but they did the main thing - my business: they revived great Russia! " (General Slashchev-Krymsky).
Batitsky
I served in the air defense and therefore I know this name - Batitsky. Do you know? By the way, father of air defense!
Izilmetyev Ivan Nikolaevich
He was in command of the frigate "Aurora". He made the transition from St. Petersburg to Kamchatka in 66 days, a record for those times. In the bay, Callao eluded the Anglo-French squadron. Arriving in Petropavlovsk together with the governor of Kamchatka Krai V. Zavoiko organized the defense of the city, during which the sailors from the Aurora together with the local residents threw the outnumbered Anglo-French landing force into the sea. Then he took the Aurora to the Amur estuary, hiding it there After these events, the British public demanded the trial of the admirals who had lost the Russian frigate.
Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich
He is a great commander who did not lose a single (!) Battle, the founder of Russian military affairs, brilliantly fought battles, regardless of its conditions.
Spiridov Grigory Andreevich
He became a sailor under Peter the Great, took part in the Russian-Turkish War (1735-1739) as an officer, ended the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) as Rear Admiral. His naval and diplomatic talent reached its peak during the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. In 1769 he headed the first transition of the Russian fleet from the Baltic to the Mediterranean. Despite the difficulties of the transition (among the dead from diseases was the son of the admiral - his grave was recently found on the island of Menorca), he quickly established control over the Greek archipelago. The Chesme battle in June 1770 remained unsurpassed in terms of the ratio of losses: 11 Russians - 11 thousand Turks! On the island of Paros, the Ausa naval base was equipped with coastal batteries and its own Admiralty.
The Russian fleet left Mediterranean Sea after the conclusion of the Kuchuk-Kainardzhiyskiy peace in July 1774, the Greek islands and the lands of the Levant, including Beirut, were returned to Turkey in exchange for territories in the Black Sea region. Nevertheless, the activities of the Russian fleet in the Archipelago were not in vain and played a significant role in world naval history. Russia, having made a strategic maneuver with the forces of the fleet from one theater to another and having achieved a number of high-profile victories over the enemy, for the first time made people talk about themselves as a strong naval power and an important player in European politics.
Margelov Vasily Filippovich
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich
Golenishchev-Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich
(1745-1813).
1. THE GREAT Russian commander, he was an example for his soldiers. Appreciated every soldier. "MI Golenishchev-Kutuzov is not only the liberator of the Fatherland, he is the only one who outplayed the hitherto invincible French emperor, turning the" great army "into a crowd of ragamuffins, preserving, thanks to his genius, the lives of many Russian soldiers."
2. Mikhail Illarionovich, being a highly educated man who knew several foreign languages, dexterous, refined, who knew how to inspire society with the gift of speech, an entertaining story, served Russia as an excellent diplomat - ambassador to Turkey.
3. MI Kutuzov - the first who became a full knight of the highest military order of St. George the Victorious of four degrees.
The life of Mikhail Illarionovich is an example of service to the fatherland, attitude towards soldiers, spiritual strength for the Russian military leaders of our time and, of course, for the younger generation - future military men.
Stalin (Dzhugashvilli) Joseph
Govorov Leonid Alexandrovich
Rurikovich (Grozny) Ivan Vasilievich
In the diversity of the perception of Ivan the Terrible, they often forget about his unconditional talent and achievements as a commander. He personally directed the capture of Kazan and organized military reform, leading the country, which simultaneously waged 2-3 wars on different fronts.
Prophetic Oleg
Your shield is at the gates of Constantinople.
A.S. Pushkin.
Olsufiev Zakhar Dmitrievich
One of the most famous military leaders of the Bagrationovsk 2nd Western Army. Always fought with exemplary courage. He was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree for his heroic participation in the Battle of Borodino. He distinguished himself in the battle on the river Chernishna (or Tarutinsky). His reward for his participation in defeating the vanguard of Napoleon's army was the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd degree. He was called "a general with talents." When Olsufiev was captured and taken to Napoleon, he told his entourage the words well-known in history: "Only Russians know how to fight like this!"
Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich
Outstanding Russian commander. He successfully defended the interests of Russia both from external aggression and outside the country.
Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich
Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky (September 18 (30), 1895 - December 5, 1977) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943), Chief of the General Staff, member of the Supreme Command Headquarters. During the Great Patriotic War, as Chief of the General Staff (1942-1945), he took an active part in the development and implementation of almost all major operations on the Soviet-German front. Since February 1945, he commanded the 3rd Belorussian Front, led the assault on Konigsberg. In 1945, commander-in-chief of Soviet troops in the Far East in the war with Japan. One of the greatest commanders of the Second World War.
In 1949-1953 - Minister of the Armed Forces and Minister of War of the USSR. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945), holder of two Orders of Victory (1944, 1945).
Muravyov-Karsky Nikolay Nikolaevich
One of the most successful commanders of the mid-19th century in the Turkish direction.
Hero of the first capture of Kars (1828), the leader of the second capture of Kars (the largest success of the Crimean War, 1855, which made it possible to end the war without territorial losses for Russia).
Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich
Commander-in-Chief during the Patriotic War of 1812. One of the most famous and beloved by the people of military heroes!
Rurikovich Yaroslav the Wise Vladimirovich
He dedicated his life to defending the Fatherland. Defeated the Pechenegs. He established the Russian state as one of the greatest states of its time.
Bobrok-Volynsky Dmitry Mikhailovich
Boyar and Voivode of Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy. "Developer" of the tactics of the Battle of Kulikovo.
Kosich Andrey Ivanovich
1. During his long life (1833 - 1917) A. I. Kosich went from a non-commissioned officer to a general, commander of one of the largest military districts of the Russian Empire. He took an active part in almost all military campaigns from the Crimean to the Russian-Japanese. Distinguished by personal courage and bravery.
2. According to many, "one of the most educated generals of the Russian army." He left a multitude of literary and scientific works and memoirs. Patronized science and education. Has established himself as a talented administrator.
3. His example served the formation of many Russian military leaders, in particular, the gene. A. I. Denikin.
4. He was a resolute opponent of the use of the army against his people, in which he parted with PA Stolypin. "The army must shoot at the enemy, not at its own people."
Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich
During the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791, F.F.Ushakov made a significant contribution to the development of tactics sailing fleet... Relying on the totality of the principles of training the forces of the fleet and military art, having absorbed all the accumulated tactical experience, FF Ushakov acted creatively, proceeding from the specific situation and common sense. His actions were distinguished by decisiveness and extraordinary courage. He did not hesitate to rebuild the fleet into a battle formation already with direct rapprochement with the enemy, minimizing the time of tactical deployment. Despite the established tactical rule of finding the commander in the middle of the battle formation, Ushakov, realizing the principle of concentration of forces, boldly put his ship forward and occupied the most dangerous positions, encouraging his commanders with his own courage. He was distinguished by a quick assessment of the situation, an accurate calculation of all factors of success and a decisive attack aimed at achieving complete victory over the enemy. In this regard, Admiral F.F.Ushakov can rightfully be considered the founder of the Russian tactical school in naval art.
Kondratenko Roman Isidorovich
A warrior of honor without fear or reproach, the soul of the defense of Port Arthur.
Miloradovich
Bagration, Miloradovich, Davydov are some very special breed of people. Now they don't do that. The heroes of 1812 were distinguished by complete recklessness, complete contempt for death. And after all, it was General Miloradovich, who went through all the wars for Russia without a single tsarpapina, who became the first victim of individual terror. After Kakhovsky's shot on Senate Square, the Russian revolution continued along this path - right up to the basement of the Ipatiev House. Removing the best.
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich
Was the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War! Under his leadership, the USSR won the Great Victory during the Great Patriotic War!
Brusilov Alexey Alekseevich
In World War I, commander of the 8th Army in the Battle of Galicia. On August 15-16, 1914, during the Rogatinsky battles, he defeated the 2nd Austro-Hungarian army, taking 20 thousand prisoners. and 70 guns. On August 20, Galich was taken. The 8th Army takes an active part in the battles at Rava-Russkaya and in the Gorodok battle. In September he commanded a group of troops from the 8th and 3rd armies. September 28 - October 11, his army withstood the counterattack of the 2nd and 3rd Austro-Hungarian armies in the battles on the San River and near the city of Stryi. In the course of the successfully completed battles, 15 thousand enemy soldiers were captured, and at the end of October his army entered the foothills of the Carpathians.
Vasily Chuikov
Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1955). Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945).
From 1942 to 1946, commander of the 62nd Army (8th Guards Army), which distinguished itself in the Battle of Stalingrad, took part in defensive battles on the distant approaches to Stalingrad. From September 12, 1942, he commanded the 62nd Army. IN AND. Chuikov was given the task of defending Stalingrad at any cost. The front command believed that Lieutenant General Chuikov possessed such positive qualities as decisiveness and firmness, courage and a wide operational outlook, a high sense of responsibility and awareness of his duty. Chuikova, became famous for the heroic six-month defense of Stalingrad in street battles in a completely destroyed city, fighting on isolated bridgeheads on the banks of the wide Volga.
For the unprecedented mass heroism and resilience of the personnel, in April 1943, the 62nd Army received the honorary guards name of the Guards and became known as the 8th Guards Army.
Platov Matvey Ivanovich
Ataman of the Great Don Army (from 1801), general of the cavalry (1809), who took part in all the wars of the Russian Empire in the late 18th - early 19th centuries.
In 1771 he distinguished himself in the attack and capture of the Perekop line and Kinburn. In 1772 he began to command a Cossack regiment. During the 2nd Turkish War he distinguished himself during the assault on Ochakov and Izmail. Participated in the Battle of Preussisch-Eylau.
During the Patriotic War of 1812, he first commanded all the Cossack regiments on the border, and then, covering the retreat of the army, he won victories over the enemy near the town of Mir and Romanovo. In the battle near the village of Semlevo, Platov's army defeated the French and captured a colonel from the army of Marshal Murat. During the retreat of the French army, Platov, pursuing her, inflicted defeats on her at Gorodnya, Kolotsky monastery, Gzhatsk, Tsarevo-Zaymishche, near Dukhovshchina and while crossing the river Vop. For his merits he was elevated to the count's dignity. In November Platov captured Smolensk from the battle and defeated the troops of Marshal Ney at Dubrovna. At the beginning of January 1813 he entered Prussia and surrounded Danzig; in September he received command over a special corps, with which he participated in the battle of Leipzig and, pursuing the enemy, took about 15 thousand prisoners. In 1814, he fought at the head of his regiments in the capture of Nemur, at Arsy-sur-Oba, Cézanne, Villeneuve. He was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.
Margelov Vasily Filippovich
Creator of modern airborne forces. When for the first time a BMD parachute with a crew was parachuted, his son was the commander in it. In my opinion, this fact speaks of such a wonderful person as V.F. Margelov, everyone. About his devotion Airborne Forces!
Svyatoslav Igorevich
Grand Duke of Novgorod, from 945 Kiev. Son of Grand Duke Igor Rurikovich and Princess Olga. Svyatoslav became famous as a great commander, whom N.M. Karamzin called “Alexander (the Macedonian) of our ancient history».
After the military campaigns of Svyatoslav Igorevich (965-972), the territory of the Russian land increased from the Volga region to the Caspian Sea, from the North Caucasus to the Black Sea, from the Balkan Mountains to Byzantium. Defeated Khazaria and Volga Bulgaria, weakened and frightened the Byzantine Empire, opened the way for Rus' trade with eastern countries
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich
He led the armed struggle of the Soviet people in the war against Germany and its allies and satellites, as well as in the war against Japan.
He led the Red Army to Berlin and Port Arthur.
Karyagin Pavel Mikhailovich
Colonel, Chief of the 17th Jaeger Regiment. He showed himself most vividly in the Persian company of 1805; when, with a detachment of 500 people, surrounded by a 20,000-strong Persian army, he resisted it for three weeks, not only repulsing the attacks of the Persians with honor, but taking the fortresses himself, and finally with a detachment of 100 people made his way to Tsitsianov, who was marching to his aid.
Dovator Lev Mikhailovich
Soviet military leader, major general, Hero of the Soviet Union. Known for successful operations to destroy German troops during the Great Patriotic War. For the head of Dovator, the German command appointed a large award.
Together with the 8th Guards Division named after Major General I.V. Panfilov, the 1st Guards Tank Brigade of General M.E. Katukov and other troops of the 16th Army, his corps defended the approaches to Moscow in the Volokolamsk direction.
Chichagov Vasily Yakovlevich
Excellent commander of the Baltic Fleet in the campaigns of 1789 and 1790. He won victories in the battle at Öland (15.7.1789), in the Revel (2.5.1790) and Vyborg (06.22.1790) battles. After the last two defeats, which were of strategic importance, the domination of the Baltic Fleet became unmanned, and this forced the Swedes to go to peace. In the history of Russia, there are few such examples when victories at sea led to victory in the war. And by the way, the Vyborg battle was one of the largest in world history in terms of the number of ships and people.
Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich
Chapaev Vasily Ivanovich
01/28/1887 - 09/05/1919 life. Head of the Red Army division, participant in the First World War and the Civil War.
Knight of three St. George's crosses and St. George medal. Commander of the Order of the Red Banner.
On his account:
- Organization of the county Red Guard of 14 detachments.
- Participation in a campaign against General Kaledin (near Tsaritsyn).
- Participation in the campaign of the Special Army to Uralsk.
- The initiative to reorganize the units of the Red Guard into two regiments of the Red Army: them. Stepan Razin and them. Pugachev, united in the Pugachev brigade under the command of Chapaev.
- Participation in battles with the Czechoslovakians and the People's Army, from which Nikolaevsk was recaptured, renamed in honor of the brigade in Pugachevsk.
- Since September 19, 1918, the commander of the 2nd Nikolaev division.
- From February 1919 - Commissioner of Internal Affairs of the Nikolaev district.
- Since May 1919 - brigade commander of the Special Aleksandrovo-Gai brigade.
- Since June - the head of the 25th rifle division, which took part in the Bugulma and Belebeyev operations against the Kolchak army.
- The capture of Ufa by forces of its division on June 9, 1919.
- Taking Uralsk.
- A deep raid of a Cossack detachment with an attack on the well-guarded (about 1000 bayonets) and located deep in the rear of the city of Lbischensk (now the village of Chapaev, West Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan), where the headquarters of the 25th division was located.
Chernyakhovsky Ivan Danilovich
To a person to whom this name does not say anything, there is no need to explain and it is useless. To the one to whom it says something - and so everything is clear.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. Commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front. The youngest front commander. Counts,. that the army general - but just before his death (February 18, 1945) received the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union.
He liberated three of the six capitals of the Union Republics captured by the Nazis: Kiev, Minsk. Vilnius. Decided the fate of Keniksberg.
One of the few who drove the Germans back on June 23, 1941.
He held the front at Valdai. In many ways, he determined the fate of repelling the German offensive against Leningrad. Held Voronezh. Liberated Kursk.
He successfully attacked until the summer of 1943, having formed the summit of the Kursk Bulge with his army. Liberated the Left Bank of Ukraine. I took Kiev. He repulsed Manstein's counterattack. Liberated Western Ukraine.
Carried out the operation Bagration. Surrounded and captured thanks to his offensive in the summer of 1944, the Germans then humiliatedly marched through the streets of Moscow. Belarus. Lithuania. Neman. East Prussia.
Monomakh Vladimir Vsevolodovich
Senyavin Dmitry Nikolaevich
Dmitry Nikolaevich Senyavin (6 (17) August 1763 - 5 (17) April 1831) - Russian naval commander, admiral.
for courage and outstanding diplomatic work shown in blocking the Russian fleet in Lisbon
Vasily Chuikov
"There is a city in vast Russia to which my heart was given, it went down in history as STALINGRAD ..." V.I. Chuikov
Rurikovich Svyatoslav Igorevich
The great commander of the ancient Russian period. The first known to us Kiev prince who has a Slavic name. The last pagan ruler of the Old Russian state. He glorified Russia as a great military power in the campaigns of 965-971. Karamzin called him "Alexander (Macedonian) of our ancient history." The prince freed the Slavic tribes from vassal dependence on the Khazars, defeating the Khazar Kaganate in 965. According to the Tale of Byzantine Years in 970, during the Russian-Byzantine war, Svyatoslav managed to win the battle of Arcadiopol, having 10,000 soldiers under his command, against 100,000 Greeks. But at the same time Svyatoslav led the life of a simple warrior: "On campaigns, he did not carry either carts or cauldrons with him, he did not cook meat, but thinly slicing horse meat, or animal, or beef and roasting on coals, he ate like that; he did not have a tent , but he slept, spreading a saddle cloth with a saddle in their heads - the same were all his other soldiers. And he sent to other lands [messengers, as a rule, before the declaration of war] with the words: "I'm going to you!" (According to PVL)
Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich
Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (November 4 (November 16) 1874, St. Petersburg, - February 7, 1920, Irkutsk) - Russian scientist-oceanographer, one of the largest polar explorers of the late XIX - early XX centuries, military and political leader, naval commander, real member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (1906), Admiral (1918), leader of the White movement, Supreme Ruler of Russia.
Member of the Russo-Japanese War, Defense of Port Arthur. During the First World War he commanded a mine division of the Baltic Fleet (1915-1916), the Black Sea Fleet (1916-1917). George Knight.
The leader of the White movement both on a national scale and directly in the East of Russia. As the Supreme Ruler of Russia (1918-1920) he was recognized by all the leaders of the White Movement, “de jure” - the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, “de facto” - the states of the Entente.
Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army.
General Ermolov
Kuznetsov Nikolay Gerasimovich
He made a great contribution to strengthening the fleet before the war; conducted a number of major exercises, initiated the opening of new naval schools and naval special schools (later the Nakhimov schools). On the eve of Germany's surprise attack on the USSR, he took effective measures to increase the combat readiness of the fleets, and on the night of June 22, he gave the order to bring them to full combat readiness, which made it possible to avoid losses of ships and naval aviation.
Dubynin Victor Petrovich
From April 30, 1986 to June 1, 1987 - Commander of the 40th Combined Arms Army of the Turkestan Military District. The troops of this army made up the bulk of the Limited Contingent of Soviet Forces in Afghanistan. During the year of his command of the army, the number of irrecoverable losses decreased by 2 times in comparison with 1984-1985.
On June 10, 1992, Colonel-General V.P. Dubynin was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Anton Denikin
One of the most talented and successful commanders of the First World War. Coming from a poor family, he made a brilliant military career, relying solely on his own virtues. Member of the RYAV, PMV, a graduate of the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff. He fully realized his talent commanding the legendary "Iron" brigade, then deployed into a division. Participant and one of the main protagonists of the Brusilov breakthrough. He remained a man of honor and after the collapse of the army, Bykhov was a prisoner. Participant of the ice campaign and commander of the Armed Forces of South Africa. For more than a year and a half, possessing very modest resources and much inferior in number to the Bolsheviks, he won victory after victory, liberating a huge territory.
Also, do not forget that Anton Ivanovich is a wonderful and very successful publicist, and his books are still very popular. An extraordinary, talented commander, an honest Russian man, in a difficult time for the Motherland, who was not afraid to light a beacon of hope.
Shein Alexey Semyonovich
The first Russian generalissimo. The head of the Azov campaigns of Peter I.
Dmitry Pozharsky
In 1612, the most difficult time for Russia, he led the Russian militia and freed the capital from the hands of the conquerors.
Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky (November 1, 1578 - April 30, 1642) - Russian national hero, military and political leader, head of the Second People's Militia, which liberated Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. With his name and with the name of Kuzma Minin, the country's exit from the Troubles, which is currently celebrated in Russia on November 4, is closely connected.
After the election of Mikhail Fedorovich to the Russian throne, D.M. Pozharsky played a leading role in the royal court as a talented military leader and statesman. Despite the victory of the people's militia and the election of the tsar, the war in Russia still continued. In the years 1615-1616. Pozharsky, on the instructions of the tsar, was sent at the head of a large army to fight the detachments of the Polish colonel Lisovsky, who besieged the city of Bryansk and took Karachev. After the struggle with Lisovsky, the tsar entrusted Pozharsky in the spring of 1616 with collecting money from the merchants to the treasury of the fifth, since the wars did not stop, and the treasury was depleted. In 1617, the tsar instructed Pozharsky to conduct diplomatic negotiations with the British ambassador John Merik, appointing Pozharsky as governor of Kolomensky. In the same year, the Polish prince Vladislav came to the Moscow state. Residents of Kaluga and neighboring cities turned to the tsar with a request to send them to protect them from the Poles, it was D.M. Pozharsky. The Tsar fulfilled the request of the Kaluga residents and gave an order to Pozharsky on October 18, 1617 to protect Kaluga and the surrounding cities by all available measures. Prince Pozharsky fulfilled the tsar's order with honor. Having successfully defended Kaluga, Pozharsky received an order from the tsar to go to the aid of Mozhaisk, namely, to the city of Borovsk, and began to disturb the troops of the prince Vladislav with flying detachments, causing them significant damage. However, at the same time, Pozharsky fell seriously ill and, at the behest of the tsar, returned to Moscow. Pozharsky, barely recovering from his illness, took an active part in protecting the capital from the troops of Vladislav, for which Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich awarded him with new estates and estates.
Marshal F.I. Tolbukhin
Hero of the First and Second World Wars, a commander who symbolizes the path of our army from the two-headed eagle to the red banner ...
Name: Anton Ivanovich Denikin
State: USSR, USA
Field of activity: Army
Greatest achievement: One of the commanders of the White Army. Attempted to take Moscow
Despite the fact that it had many shortcomings as a state, the rulers did not care too much about the welfare of the people (with the exception of the aristocratic elite), one thing can be safely stated - we had excellent military personnel.
And it was not only about the feeling of patriotism (although it was of great importance). Real talents lived in Russia, who were destined to write their name in the military history of the country. One of these names is Anton Denikin.
The future great commander was born into an ordinary family with no titles or money. December 16, 1872 in the Polish province in the family of the former serf peasant Ivan Efimovich Denikin, a son was born, who was named Anton. Of course, neither father nor mother expected their son to have a brilliant military future.
Although, in fairness, it should be noted that Ivan Denikin, despite his proletarian origin, made an excellent military career - for more than 20 years of service to the emperor he received the rank of officer, he retired only in 1869, when his length of service was 35 years (later Anton Ivanovich admits that his father was an ideal role model for him).
Parents adhered to different religions - the father was an Orthodox Christian, the mother was a Catholic (she was of Polish origin). Religion did not become an obstacle to the baptism of his son - when Anton was a little less than a month old, at the insistence of his father, he was baptized in the Orthodox faith.
Do not think that the mother had no influence on the child - Anton grew up very intelligent, at the age of four he read and wrote freely in Russian and Polish. Knowledge of the latter helped Denikin in the future to enter the Wloclaw real school.
In 1885, the head of the family dies, and life becomes more difficult. There is not enough money at all, and Anton decides to take up tutoring in order to somehow help his mother and himself to survive. Since he was a very diligent and hardworking student, the management of the school begins to pay a scholarship.
As already mentioned, his father served as the ideal for Anton. He dreamed of becoming the same successful officer as Ivan Efimovich.
After graduating from the Wloclaw School, Anton entered the Lowichi Real School, from where he graduated in 1890 and immediately enrolled in a rifle regiment. On this young Denikin decided not to stop and entered the Kiev cadet school.
However, this was not enough - soon Anton Ivanovich became a student at the prestigious Imperial Academy of the General Staff. It was difficult for the young talent to study - he was even expelled from the institution for failing the exam. Upon graduation, he was promoted to captain.
Gradually, his dream to achieve great heights in a military career begins to come true. However, due to a conflict with the new head of the Academy, Denikin was not enrolled in the staff of the officers of the educational institution. Only a few years later, justice was done - Denikin wrote a letter to the Minister of War with a request to resolve the dispute. By order of the emperor, Anton became an officer of the Academy.
Soon, Anton was given a chance to show his talents in the conditions of real battle actions - the Russian-Japanese war began. Before this event, Denikin was injured - a rupture of ligaments in his leg. Therefore, officially he could not participate in the battles. But Anton decided in his own way - he sent a petition to the leadership to send him to the army. In March 1904, Anton Ivanovich arrived in Harbin, from where his Japanese campaign began.
Note that Anton Denikin showed himself as a valiant and fearless officer. For participation in battles, reconnaissance operations, raids, Denikin was presented to awards - orders, as well as the rank of colonel.
In 1906, Anton Denikin returned to St. Petersburg and began to work as a staff officer in his regiment. Of course, this position is not exactly what Denikin expected. Having enough free time and financial resources, he decided to see the world - as a tourist, he visited Central and Southern Europe. Upon his return, he was offered the vacancy of the chief of staff and a transfer to Saratov. Anton Ivanovich lived in this city for three years - until 1910.
Oddly enough, but Anton Denikin was also a good writer. He tried to engage in this activity in his distant childhood, but then he did not receive success and recognition of his creation (poetry and prose), so he abandoned this occupation. When he was already a professional military man, Denikin began to write notes about everyday life in the army in various newspapers and magazines with military topics. His prose was sometimes distinguished by criticism of the authorities, humor and satire.
But, of course, the main goal of his life was a military career. In 1914, Anton Ivanovich moved to Kiev, where he continued his military career. The smell of an impending catastrophe, which struck on August 1, 1914, was already in the world at that time.
Denikin personally sent a request to send him to the front. At first, he served in Brusilov's division, which was accompanied by good luck on the battlefields. The following years, up to the February Revolution, were marked by relative silence. In 1916 he took part in, then liberated the city of Lutsk. For bravery in battles, he is again presented for a reward.
During the hostilities, Denikin was repeatedly wounded, but he always tried not to linger in a hospital bed, but to take part in the battle.
Anton Denikin was on the Romanian front when information about the coup in Russia reached him. He supported the rebels, even repeated hard-hitting rumors (mostly false) about the emperor and his family. At the same time, a conflict was brewing between Generals Brusilov and Alekseev, appointed commander of the Russian Army.
Denikin had the imprudence to speak out in support of his former boss. For this he was arrested and taken to the Berdichev prison, and then transferred to Bykhov, where the arrested army generals were already being held. Denikin managed to escape from there. From that time on, he decides that until the end of his days he will fight the Bolshevik regime.
As a skilful commander and strategist, Anton Ivanovich formed a fairly professional army around him. The south of Russia became the main territory of his activity. At first, the hostilities were successful, Denikin even thought that it would be nice to go and capture Moscow. But the lack of a clear program and plans ultimately destroyed his army from the inside. In addition, some soldiers left the Denikin command and went on a free voyage in the role of bandits and thugs. In one of the last battles near Novorossiysk, Denikin realized that the fight was lost for him. In 1920 he retired and left Russia.
Denikin with his family - wife and daughter - lived in different countries, especially loved the capital of France. In exile, Anton Ivanovich continues to write army essays. They also met the next world war here. After graduation, the family decides to move further - to the United States. This decision was also due to the fact that there were rumors about Stalin's order to bring Denikin (forcibly) to. Daughter Marina decides to stay in France, her parents moved to New York. Former General Denikin died on August 7, 1947 in Ann Arbor.
Denikin Anton IvanovichAnton Ivanovich Denikin was born on December 4, 1872 in the village of Shpetal Dolny, a Zavlinsky suburb of Wloclawsk, a district town in the Warsaw province. The surviving metric record reads: “This with the attachment of the church seal testifies that in the metric book of the Lovichi parish Baptist Church for 1872, the act of baptism of the infant Anthony, the son of retired Major Ivan Efimov Denikin, Orthodox confession, and his legal wife, Elisabeth Fyodorova, Roman confession, recorded as follows: in the account of the birth of a male of sex No. 33, time of birth: one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, December of the fourth day. Baptism time: the same year and month of December twenty-fifth day. " His father - Ivan Efimovich Denikin (1807 - 1885) - came from serfs in the village of Orekhovka, Saratov province. At the age of 27, he was recruited by the landowner and for 22 years of the "Nikolaev" service he served the rank of sergeant major, and in 1856 he passed the exam for the officer's rank (as A.I.Denikin later wrote, the "officer's exam" of that time is very simple: reading and writing, four rules of arithmetic, knowledge of military regulations and writing and the Law of God ").
Having chosen a military career, after graduating from college in July 1890 he entered the 1st Rifle Regiment as a volunteer, and in the fall he entered the military school course of the Kiev Infantry Junker School. In August 1892, having successfully completed the course, he was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant and sent to serve in the 2nd field artillery brigade stationed in the town of Bela (Sedletskaya province). In the fall of 1895 Denikin entered the Academy of the General Staff, but at the final exams for the 1st year he did not score the required number of points for transfer to the 2nd year and returned to the brigade. In 1896 he entered the academy for the second time. At this time, Denikin became interested in literary creativity. In 1898 his first story about the life of a brigade was published in the military magazine "Razvedchik". Thus began his active work in military journalism.
In the spring of 1899 Denikin graduated from the Academy with the 1st category. However, as a result of the ideas initiated by the new head of the academy, General Sukhotin, with the blessing of the Minister of War A.N. Kuropatkin's changes, which affected, among other things, the procedure for calculating the points scored by graduates, he was excluded from the already compiled list of those assigned to the General Staff.
In the spring of 1900 Denikin returned for further service in the 2nd Field Artillery Brigade. When the worries about the obvious injustice subsided somewhat, from Bela he wrote a personal letter to the Minister of War Kuropatkin, summarizing "the whole truth about what happened." According to him, he did not wait for an answer, "I just wanted to take my soul away." Suddenly, at the end of December 1901, the news came from the headquarters of the Warsaw Military District that he was assigned to the General Staff.
In July 1902 Denikin was appointed senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 2nd Infantry Division, stationed in Brest-Litovsk. From October 1902 to October 1903, he served the qualifying command of the company of the 183rd Pultu Infantry Regiment, stationed in Warsaw.
From October 1903 he served as a senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 2nd Cavalry Corps. With the beginning Japanese War Denikin submitted a report on the transfer to the active army.
In March 1904, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and sent to the headquarters of the 9th Army Corps, where he was appointed chief of staff of the 3rd Zaamur Border Guard Brigade, which guarded the railway line between Harbin and Vladivostok.
In September 1904, he was transferred to the headquarters of the Manchurian army, was appointed a headquarters officer for special assignments at the headquarters of the 8th Army Corps and assumed the post of chief of staff of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Division, General P.K. Rennenkampf. Participated in the Mukden battle. Later he served as chief of staff of the Ural-Transbaikal Cossack division.
In August 1905, he was appointed chief of staff of the Consolidated Cavalry Corps, General P.I. Mishchenko; for military distinction he was promoted to the rank of colonel. In January 1906 Denikin was appointed a headquarters officer for special assignments to the headquarters of the 2nd Cavalry Corps (Warsaw), in May - September 1906 he commanded a battalion of the 228th infantry reserve Khvalynsky regiment, in December 1906 he was transferred to the post Chief of Staff of the 57th Infantry Reserve Brigade (Saratov), in June 1910 he was appointed commander of the 17th Arkhangelsk Infantry Regiment stationed in Zhitomir.
In March 1914, Denikin was appointed correcting the post of general for assignments under the commander of the Kiev military district, and in June he was promoted to the rank of major general. Later, recalling how the Great War began for him, he wrote: “The Chief of Staff of the Kiev Military District, General V. Dragomirov, was on leave in the Caucasus, and the general on duty was also. I replaced the latter, and on my still inexperienced shoulders lay the mobilization and formation of three headquarters and all institutions - the Southwestern Front, the 3rd and 8th armies. "
In August 1914 Denikin was appointed Quartermaster General of the 8th Army, commanded by General A.A. Brusilov. With a feeling of great relief, he surrendered his temporary position in the Kiev headquarters to the duty general who had returned from vacation and was able to immerse himself in the study of the deployment and tasks of the 8th Army. As Quartermaster General, he took part in the first operations of the 8th Army in Galicia. But the staff work, according to him, did not satisfy him: "I preferred direct participation in combat work, with its deep feelings and exciting dangers, to drawing up directives, dispositions and tedious, albeit important, staff equipment." And when it became known to him that the position of the head of the 4th rifle brigade was vacated, he did everything to go into the ranks: “To receive such an excellent brigade into command was the limit of my desires, and I turned to ... General Brusilov, asking him to release me and appoint to the brigade. After some negotiations, the agreement was given, and on September 6, I was appointed commander of the 4th rifle brigade. " The fate of the "iron shooters" became the fate of Denikin. During his command of them, he received almost all the awards of the St.George Statute. Participated in the Carpathian battle of 1915.
In April 1915, the "Iron" Brigade was reorganized into the 4th Infantry ("Iron") Division. As part of the 8th Army, the division took part in the Lvov and Lutsk operations. On September 24, 1915, the division took Lutsk, and Denikin was promoted to lieutenant general for military services ahead of schedule. In July 1916, during the Brusilov breakthrough, the division took Lutsk a second time.
In September 1916, he was appointed commander of the 8th Army Corps, which was fighting on the Romanian front. In February 1917 Denikin was appointed assistant chief of staff to the supreme commander of the Russian army (Mogilev), in May - commander-in-chief of the armies of the Western Front (headquarters in Minsk), in June - assistant chief of staff of the supreme commander-in-chief, at the end of July - commander-in-chief of the armies of the South-Western front (headquarters in Berdichev).
After the February Revolution, Denikin, as far as possible, opposed the democratization of the army: in the "meeting democracy", the activities of soldiers' committees and fraternization with the enemy, he saw only "collapse" and "decay". He defended officers from violence by soldiers, demanded the introduction of the death penalty at the front and in the rear, supported the plans of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, General L.G. Kornilov to establish a military dictatorship in the country to suppress the revolutionary movement, liquidate the Soviets and continue the war. He did not hide his views, publicly and firmly defending the interests of the army, as he understood them, and the dignity of the Russian officers, which made his name especially popular among officers. The "Kornilov mutiny" put an end to Denikin's military career in the ranks of the old Russian army: by order of the head of the Provisional Government A.F. Kerensky, he was removed from office and arrested on August 29. After a month in the garrison guardhouse in Berdichev, on September 27-28, he was transferred to the town of Bykhov (Mogilev province), where Kornilov and other participants in the "rebellion" were imprisoned. On November 19, by order of the Chief of Staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, General N.N. Dukhonina was released along with Kornilov and others, after which he left for the Don.
In Novocherkassk and Rostov, Denikin took part in the formation of the Volunteer Army and the leadership of its operations to protect the center of the Don region, which M.V. Alekseev and L.G. Kornilov was viewed as the base of the anti-Bolshevik struggle.
On December 25, 1917, in Novocherkassk, Denikin married with his first marriage to Ksenia Vasilievna Chizh (1892 - 1973), daughter of General V.I. Siskin, a friend and colleague in the 2nd Field Artillery Brigade. The wedding took place in one of the churches on the outskirts of Novocherkassk in the presence of only a few of the closest.
In February 1918, before the army set out on the 1st Kuban campaign, Kornilov appointed him as his deputy. On March 31 (April 13) 1918, after the death of Kornilov during the unsuccessful assault on Yekaterinodar, Denikin took over the command of the Volunteer Army. He managed to save the army that had suffered heavy losses, avoiding encirclement and defeat, and to withdraw it to the south of the Don region. There, thanks to the fact that the Don Cossacks rose up for an armed struggle against the Soviets, he was able to give the army a rest and replenish it through the influx of new volunteers - officers and Kuban Cossacks.
Having reformed and replenished the army, Denikin moved it to the 2nd Kuban campaign in June. By the end of September, the Volunteer Army, having inflicted a series of defeats on the Red Army of the North Caucasus, occupied the flat part of the Kuban Territory with Yekaterinodar, as well as part of the Stavropol and Black Sea provinces with Novorossiysk. The army suffered heavy losses due to an acute shortage of weapons and ammunition, replenishing due to the influx of volunteer Cossacks and being supplied with the capture of trophies.
In November 1918, when, after the defeat of Germany, the Allied army and navy appeared in southern Russia, Denikin managed to resolve supply issues (thanks primarily to commodity loans from the British government). On the other hand, under pressure from the allies, Ataman Krasnov in December 1918 agreed to the operational subordination of the Don army to Denikin (in February 1919 he resigned). As a result, Denikin united the command of the Volunteer and Don armies in his hands, on December 26 (January 8, 1919), accepting the rank of Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia (ARSUR). By this time, the Volunteer Army, at the cost of heavy losses in personnel (especially among volunteer officers), completed the cleansing of the North Caucasus from the Bolsheviks, and Denikin began to transfer units to the north: to help the defeated Don army and begin a broad offensive into the center of Russia.
In February 1919, a daughter, Marina, was born to the Denikins. He was very attached to his family. Calling Denikin "Tsar Anton", his closest associates were kindly ironic. There was nothing "royal" either in his appearance or in his manners. Medium height, dense, slightly inclined towards corpulence, with a good-natured face and a slightly rude low voice, he was distinguished by his naturalness, openness and directness. Volunteer, Donskaya and Kavkazskaya) occupied territories up to the line Odessa - Kiev - Kursk - Voronezh - Tsaritsyn. The Moscow Directive, published by Denikin in July, set specific tasks for each army to occupy Moscow. Striving for the earliest possible occupation of the maximum territory, Denikin (in this he was supported by his chief of staff, General Romanovsky), tried, firstly, to deprive the Bolshevik power of the most important areas for fuel and grain production, industrial and railway centers, sources of replenishment of the Red Army with human and horse personnel. and, secondly, to use all this for the supply, replenishment and further deployment of the AFSR. However, the expansion of the territory led to the aggravation of economic, social and political problems.
In relations with the Entente, Denikin firmly defended the interests of Russia, but his ability to resist the self-serving actions of Great Britain and France in southern Russia was extremely limited. On the other hand, the material assistance of the allies was insufficient: the units of the ARSUR experienced a chronic shortage of weapons, ammunition, technical means, uniforms and equipment. As a result of the growing economic devastation, the disintegration of the army, the hostility of the population and the insurrectionary movement in the rear in October - November 1919, a turning point occurred in the course of the war on the Southern Front. The armies and military groups of the AFSR suffered heavy defeats from the superior in number of the armies of the Soviet Southern and South-Eastern Fronts near Orel, Kursk, Kiev, Kharkov, Voronezh. By January 1920, the Armed Forces of Yugoslavia with heavy losses retreated to the Odessa region, to the Crimea and to the territory of the Don and Kuban.
By the end of 1919, Wrangel's criticism of Denikin's policies and strategies led to a sharp conflict between them. Denikin saw in Wrangel's actions not just a violation of military discipline, but also an undermining of power. In February 1920, he fired Wrangel from military service... On March 12-14 (25-27), 1920 Denikin evacuated the remnants of the Armed Forces of South Russia from Novorossiysk to the Crimea. Bitterly convinced (including from the report of the commander of the Volunteer Corps General A.P. Kutepov) that the officers of the volunteer units no longer trust him, Denikin, morally defeated, on March 21 (April 3) convened a military council for the election of a new commander-in-chief of the AFYUR. Since the council proposed Wrangel's candidacy, Denikin on March 22 (April 4) appointed him commander-in-chief of the AFYUR with his last order. In the evening of the same day, the destroyer of the British Navy "Emperor of India" took him and his accompanying persons, among whom was General Romanovsky, from Feodosia to Constantinople.
The "Denikin group" arrived in London by train from Southampton on April 17, 1920. London newspapers marked the arrival in Denikin with respectful articles. The Times dedicated the following lines to him: “The arrival in England of General Denikin, the valiant, albeit unhappy commander of the armed forces who to the end supported the allied cause in the South of Russia, should not go unnoticed by those who recognize and appreciate his merits, and what he tried to accomplish for the benefit of his homeland and organized freedom. Without fear and reproach, with a chivalrous spirit, truthful and direct, General Denikin is one of the most noble figures brought forward by the war. He now seeks refuge among us and asks only to be given the right to take a break from work in a calm home environment in England ... "
But due to the flirtation of the British government with advice and disagreement with this situation, Denikin and his family left England and from August 1920 to May 1922 the Denikins lived in Belgium.
In June 1922 they moved to Hungary, where they lived first near Sopron, then in Budapest and Balatonlelle. In Belgium and Hungary, Denikin wrote the most significant of his works - "Essays on the Russian Troubles", which is both memoirs and research on the history of the revolution and the Civil War in Russia.
In the spring of 1926, Denikin and his family moved to France, where he settled in Paris, the center of Russian emigration. In the mid-1930s, when hopes of the imminent "liberation" of Russia by the army of Nazi Germany spread among a part of the emigration, in his articles and speeches Denikin actively exposed Hitler's predatory plans, calling him "the worst enemy of Russia and the Russian people." He argued the need to support the Red Army in case of war, predicting that after the defeat of Germany, it would "overthrow the communist regime" in Russia. “Don't cling to the specter of intervention,” he wrote, “don't believe in the crusade against the Bolsheviks, because simultaneously with the suppression of communism in Germany, the question is not about suppressing Bolshevism in Russia, but about Hitler’s“ eastern program ”, who only dreams of seizing south of Russia for German colonization. I recognize the powers that are thinking about dividing it up as Russia's worst enemies. I consider any foreign invasion with conquest goals to be a disaster. And rebuff to the enemy on the part of the Russian people, the Red Army and the emigration is their imperative duty. "
In 1935, he transferred to the Russian Foreign Historical Archives in Prague a part of his personal archive, which included documents and materials that he used in his work on Essays on Russian Troubles. In May 1940, in connection with the occupation of France by German troops, Denikin and his wife moved to the Atlantic coast and settled in the village of Mimizan in the vicinity of Bordeaux.
In June 1945, Denikin returned to Paris, and then, fearing forcible deportation to the USSR, six months later he moved to the United States with his wife (daughter Marina remained in France).
On August 7, 1947, at the age of 75, Denikin died of a second heart attack at the University of Michigan Hospital (Ann Arbor). His last words, addressed to his wife Ksenia Vasilievna, were: "Look, I won't see how Russia will be saved." After the funeral service in the Church of the Dormition, he was buried with military honors (as the former commander-in-chief of one of the allied armies during the First World War), first at the Evergreen military cemetery (Detroit). On December 15, 1952, his remains were transferred to the Russian cemetery of St. Vladimir in Jackson, New Jersey.
His last wish was that the coffin with his remains be transported home when she throws off the communist yoke ...
May 24, 2006 memorial services for the general were held in New York and Geneva Anton Denikin and the philosopher Ivan Ilyin. Their remains were taken to Paris, and from there to Moscow, where on October 3, 2006, the ceremony of their reburial took place in Donskoy monastery... The first stone of the memorial of civil accord and reconciliation was also laid there. The 86-year-old daughter of General Marina Denikin gave consent to the reburial of Anton Denikin. She is a famous historian and writer, author of about 20 books on Russia, in particular White movement.
Private bussiness
Anton Ivanovich Denikin(1872 - 1947) was born in the Kingdom of Poland, in the suburbs of the city of Wroclavek. His father, Ivan Efimovich (1807-1885), was a serf peasant from the Saratov province, who was recruited. He managed to rise to the rank of officer and retired as a major in the border guard three years before the birth of his son. Since childhood, the boy spoke Russian and Polish fluently.
In 1882 Denikin entered the Wloclaw Real School. After the death of his father, he began to help the family, earning lessons, and soon received a scholarship for academic success. He graduated from the last classes at the real school of the city of Lovech.
After graduation, Anton Denikin, who wanted to become a military man following the example of his father, entered the First Rifle Regiment stationed in the city of Plock as a volunteer, and was soon sent to the Kiev Infantry Junker School. After graduating from college in 1892, he was promoted to second lieutenant and sent to the Second Artillery Brigade, stationed in the county town of Bela, Sedletskaya province. In 1895 he entered the Academy of the General Staff, from which he graduated in 1899. Was promoted to captain. In 1901 he was assigned to the General Staff. In 1902-1910 he held various staff positions at the brigade, divisional and corps levels. During the war with Japan, he achieved an appointment to the active army, although the unit in which Denikin served at that time was in Poland. He took part in battles in Manchuria, in the battle of Mukden. "For excellence in cases against the Japanese" was promoted to colonel and awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus 3rd degree with swords and bows and St. Anna 2nd degree with swords.
In 1910-1914 he commanded the 17th Arkhangelsk Infantry Regiment on the Austrian border. Was promoted to major general. During the First World War, he served in the Eighth Army of A.A. Brusilov, reaching the position of division commander. Participated in the Carpathian battle, Lvov and Lutsk operations, Brusilov breakthrough. For the capture of Lutsk promoted to lieutenant general. In September 1916 he became the commander of the Eighth Army Corps on the Romanian Front, in February 1917 - Assistant Chief of the General Staff. From April 5 to May 31, he served as chief of the General Staff. On May 31, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Western Front, on August 2 - commander-in-chief of the Southwestern Front.
On August 29 (September 11), 1917, Anton Denikin was arrested for supporting Lavr Kornilov. He spent almost three months in jail in Berdichev and Bykhov. After the fall of the Provisional Government, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Dukhonin, having learned about the approach of echelons with Bolshevik troops, released the generals imprisoned in Bykhov's prison. Denikin made his way to Novocherkassk with a certificate in the name of "the assistant to the head of the dressing detachment Alexander Dombrovsky", where he took part in the creation of the Volunteer Army. Participated in the First Kuban ("Ice") campaign. After the death of Kornilov in 1918, he took up the post of Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces of the South of Russia. On March 5-27, 1920, Denikin managed to evacuate the remnants of his troops from Novorossiysk to the Crimea. On April 4, he handed over power to Wrangel and emigrated to England.
In protest against the desire of the British government to make peace with Soviet Russia, in August 1920, he left England and moved to Belgium, then lived in Hungary, and since 1926 - in France.
Unlike a number of emigre leaders who planned to participate in hostilities against the Red Army on the side of foreign states unfriendly to the USSR, he advocated the need to support the Red Army against any foreign aggressor. During the occupation of France, he rejected the offer of the Germans to move to Germany. Denikin settled under the control of the German commandant's office and the Gestapo in the village of Mimizan near Bordeaux. Many of the books, brochures and articles written by Denikin in the 1930s ended up on the list of literature prohibited in the territory controlled by the Third Reich.
At the end of 1945, fearing forcible deportation to the USSR, he moved to the United States. In the summer of 1946, he issued a memorandum "Russian question" addressed to the governments of Great Britain and the United States, in which, allowing the leading powers of the West to clash with Soviet Russia in order to overthrow the rule of the Communists, he warned them against intending to dismember Russia in this case.
What is famous for
Anton Denikin
One of the main leaders of the White movement, who in 1919 managed to make the Volunteer Army a serious threat to the Bolsheviks.
Denikin launched an offensive with his 85,000-strong army in the spring of 1919. At the end of the summer, the Whites captured the cities of Poltava, Nikolaev, Kherson, Odessa, Kiev. By October, his troops took Orel. The imminent capture of Moscow by Denikin was expected, the Bolsheviks were preparing to go underground. An underground Moscow Party Committee was created, and government agencies began evacuating to Vologda.
But Denikin could not overcome the 200 versts remaining to Moscow. Its rear was destroyed by a raid by Nestor Makhno's army, and Denikin had to withdraw troops from the front to fight the Makhnovists. At this time, the Bolsheviks concluded an unspoken truce with the Poles and Petliurists, freeing up their forces to fight Denikin. The massive mobilization of the population into Denikin's army, robberies, violence, the establishment of military discipline at militarized enterprises, and most importantly, the restoration of landowners' right to land ownership deprived Denikin of the support of the population. In addition, Denikin refused to recognize the independence of the states formed on the territory of Russia, which did not allow him to create a powerful coalition with the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, and caused conflicts with the Don and Kuban Cossacks.
What you need to know
Having begun to publish stories and publicistic articles even before the revolution, Denikin during the years of emigration devoted himself mainly to literary activity. His main work is a five-volume Essay on Russian Troubles. " The two-volume "Old Army" presents various aspects of the life of the Russian army from the 1890s to the First World War and contains the author's observations about the relationship between the army and the public on the eve of the 1905 revolution.
He also left an interesting autobiographical book, The Way of a Russian Officer. He owns a number of other works of a political orientation, a significant number of journalistic articles and notes. Some of Denikin's manuscripts remain unpublished to this day.
Direct speech
“In the first year of my life, on the day of some family holiday, according to the old belief, my parents arranged a fortune-telling: they laid out a cross, a children's saber, a glass and a book on a tray. What I first touch will predetermine my destiny. They brought me. I immediately reached for the saber, then played with a glass, but I never wanted to touch anything else. Telling me later about this scene, my father laughed: "Well, I think it's bad: my son will be a sack and a drunkard!" The fortune-telling came true and did not come true. "Saber", indeed, predetermined my path in life, but I did not renounce book wisdom either. And I did not become a drunkard, although I do not shy away from alcohol at all. I was drunk once in my life - on the day I was promoted to officer. "
Anton Denikin "The Way of the Russian Officer"
“The black pages of the Army, like the bright ones, already belong to history. History will summarize our deeds. In her indictment, she examines the spontaneous reasons arising from the ruin, impoverishment of the country and the general decline of morals, and will point out the guilt: the government that failed to provide the Army; a command that has failed to cope with other chiefs; chiefs who could not (some) or did not want (others) to bridle the troops; troops who could not resist the temptation; a society that did not want to sacrifice its labor and wealth; bigots and hypocrites, cynically savoring the wit of the army phrase "from a grateful population" and then throwing stones at the Army ... Truly, a heavenly thunder was needed to make everyone look back at themselves and their ways. "
Anton Denikin "Essays on Russian Troubles"
“Denikin received me in the presence of his chief of staff, General Romanovsky. Of medium height, dense, somewhat close to corpulence, with a small beard and long black mustache with considerable gray hair, a rude low voice, General Denikin gave the impression of a thoughtful, firm, dumpy, purely Russian person. He had a reputation as an honest soldier, brave, capable and possessing great military erudition as a leader. His name has become especially popular since the time of our troubles, when first as chief of staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, and then Commander-in-Chief of the South-Western Front, he independently, boldly and firmly raised his voice to defend the honor and dignity of his native army and Russian officers. "
Peter Wrangel
6 facts about Anton Denikin
Materials about Anton Denikin
The future white general Anton Ivanovich Denikin was born on 12/16/1872 in a village near the Polish capital. As a child, Anton dreamed of becoming a military man, so he bathed horses together with the lancers and went with a company to the shooting range. At the age of 18 he graduated from a real school. After 2 years, he graduated from the infantry cadet school in Kiev. At the age of 27 he graduated from the Academy of the General Staff in the capital.
As soon as the military conflict with Japan began, the young officer sent a request to be sent to the warring army, where he became the chief of staff of the Ural-Transbaikal division. After the end of the war, Denikin was awarded two military awards and was awarded the rank of colonel. When returning home after the war, the path to the capital was blocked by a number of anarchist republics. But Denikin and his colleagues formed a detachment of volunteers and, with weapons, made their way by rail through Siberia, engulfed in turmoil.
From 1906 to 1910 Denikin served in the General Staff. From 1910 to 1914 he served as an infantry regiment commander, and before the First World War Denikin became a major general.
When the first world conflict began, Anton Ivanovich commanded a brigade, which was later reformed into a division. In the fall of 1916, Denikin was appointed commander of the 8th Army Corps. As a participant in Brusilov's breakthrough, General Denikin was awarded two Orders of St. George and weapons inlaid with precious stones as a reward for his courage and success.
In the spring of 1917, Denikin was already the Chief of Staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, and in the summer, instead of Kornilov, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Western Front.
Anton Ivanovich was very critical of the actions of the interim government of Russia, which, as he believed, contributed to the disintegration of the army. As soon as Denikin learned of the Kornilov mutiny, he immediately sent a letter to the provisional government, in which he expressed his agreement with Kornilov's actions. In the summer, Generals Denikin and Markov with other associates were arrested and put in Berdichev's casemates. In the fall, the prisoners were transferred to the Bykhov prison, where Kornilov and his associates were already languishing. In November, General Dukhonin ordered the release of Kornilov, Denikin and the rest of the prisoners, who immediately went to the Don.
Upon arrival on the Don land, the generals, which included Denikin, began to form the Volunteer Army. As deputy commander, Denikin took part in the "Ice" campaign. After General Kornilov was killed, Denikin took the post of commander-in-chief of the Volunteer Army and gave the order to retreat back to the Don.
With the beginning of 1919, Denikin became the head of all the Armed Forces of southern Russia. Having cleared the entire North Caucasus from the Red Guards, Denikin's armies began to attack. After the liberation of Ukraine, the Whites took Oryol and Voronezh. After the assault on Tsaritsyn, Denikin decided to go to the capital. But in the fall, the Reds turned the tide of the Civil War, and Denikin's armies began to retreat south. The White Army was evacuated from Novorossiysk, and Anton Ivanovich, having surrendered command to Baron Wrangel and greatly experiencing defeat, went into exile. Interesting fact: White General Denikin never presented orders and medals to his soldiers, for he considered it shameful to be awarded in a fratricidal war.
