The great Russian poet A.A. had a rather long and at the same time difficult life. Feta. It was his works that became the starting point for the poetry of the 20th century. With excellent lyrics and intriguing prose, Fet conquered his contemporaries. This man not only created works, but also wrote memoirs, and also engaged in translations.
1. For the first 14 and the last 19 years of his life, Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet officially had the surname Shenshin.
2. In 1820, Athanasius was adopted by a famous nobleman.
3. Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet is a lyric poet, translator, memoirist of German origin.
4. Fet was a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
5. In 1834, errors were discovered in the birth records of A.A. Feta, which led to the deprivation of his title.
6. The facts of Fet's biography indicate that in 1844 he graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University.
7. In 1835-1837, Fet studied at the private German boarding school Krimmer.
8. Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet wrote his first poems at a young age.
9. At the end of the 19th century, Fet's poetry began to be published in the collection Lyrical Pantheon.
10. Fet spent military service in the Baltic port.
11. In order to regain his title, Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet was forced to serve as a non-commissioned officer.
12. In 1857, Fet married Maria Botkina.
13. The poet was afraid of mental illness.
14. The closest relatives of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet were patients in a psychiatric hospital.
15. Fet suffered from powerful depressive disorders.
16. Fet died in splendid isolation from a heart attack.
17. Some works of this poet formed the basis of many romances. This is evidenced by the biography of Fet. Interesting facts about this person provide a lot of new knowledge.
18. The poet was faced with a tragic love for Maria Lazich, who died without becoming his wife.
19. Some believe that before the heart attack, the poet tried to commit suicide.
20. Fet owns the famous phrase from "The Adventures of Pinocchio" - "and the rose fell on Azor's paw."
21. Fet's works are understandable even to small children.
22. In addition to the fact that Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet created compositions, he also translated texts.
23. Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet opened a stud farm, as well as a hospital for poor peasants.
24. The legal wife of Fet had family ties with the famous doctor Botkin.
25. With age, Fet lost his sight, and also accumulated many diseases that were not treated at that time.
26. Interesting facts of Fet's biography suggest that he combined a sensual poet and a prudent landowner.
27. After a marriage of convenience, Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet discovered the quality of a businessman in himself and got a little rich.
28. Fet's works had nothing to do with real events.
29. In the works of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet there was only a bright and positive side.
30. Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet was a close friend of Leo Tolstoy, so they were family friends and saw each other often.
31. Fet managed to translate completely "Faust".
32. Throughout his life, Fet adhered to conservative sentiments.
33. In old age, Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet convinced his wife that she would never see him die. So Afanasy Fet took care of his wife. Interesting facts from the biography confirmed this.
34. On the 50th literary anniversary, the poet was granted the court title of chamberlain.
35. In the last days of his life, Afanasy Fet ordered champagne to be served to him.
36. The poet did not live 2 days before his 72nd birthday.
37. 3 days after the death of the poet, a funeral ceremony was held.
38. Fet was a soldier for 8 years.
39. It was Fet who was the representative of “pure art”. A brief biography, interesting facts - all this confirms the information that this person has always raised burning social issues in his works.
40. Fet's most important desire was to receive a title of nobility.
41. Afanasy Fet wrote a farewell note, after which he wanted to cut his throat with a knife.
42. A huge creative heritage left to contemporaries from Fet.
43. Fet married by calculation.
44. There were crazy people in the Fet family.
45. The poet had no children.
46. Interesting facts from the life of A.A. Feta confirm that love, art and nature were the main themes for his work.
47. Fet was called the singer of Russian nature.
48. All his life Fet argued with Nekrasov about poetry.
49. In the poem "Whisper, timid breath ..." Fet did not use a single verb.
50. Facts from the life of Fet say that he was a sophisticated lyricist.
About once upon a question of the questionnaire of the daughter of Leo Tolstoy Tatyana “How long would you like to live?” Fet replied: "The least long." And yet the writer had a long and very eventful life - he not only wrote many lyrical works, critical articles and memoirs, but also devoted whole years to agriculture, and apple marshmallow from his estate was even supplied to the imperial table.
Afanasy Fet in childhood. Photo: pitzmann.ru
Afanasy Fet was born in 1820 in the village of Novoselki near the city of Mtsensk, Oryol province. Until the age of 14, he bore the surname of his father, the wealthy landowner Afanasy Shenshin. As it turned out later, Shenshin's marriage to Charlotte Fet was illegal in Russia, since they got married only after the birth of their son, which the Orthodox Church categorically did not accept. Because of this, the young man was deprived of the privileges of a hereditary nobleman. He began to bear the name of his mother's first husband, Johann Fet.
Athanasius was educated at home. Basically, he was taught literacy and the alphabet not by professional teachers, but by valets, cooks, courtyards, and seminarians. But Fet absorbed most of his knowledge from the surrounding nature, the peasant way of life and rural life. He liked to communicate for a long time with the maids, who shared news, told tales and legends.
At the age of 14, the boy was sent to the German boarding school Krummer in the Estonian city of Vyru. It was there that he fell in love with the poetry of Alexander Pushkin. In 1837, young Fet arrived in Moscow, where he continued his studies at the boarding school of professor of world history Mikhail Pogodin.
In quiet moments of complete carelessness, I seemed to feel the underwater rotation of flower spirals, trying to bring the flower to the surface; but in the end it turned out that only spirals of stems were striving outward, on which there were no flowers. I drew some verses on my slate board and erased them again, finding them meaningless.
From the memoirs of Afanasy Fet
In 1838, Fet entered the law faculty of Moscow University, but soon switched to the historical and philological department. From the first year he wrote poems that interested classmates. The young man decided to show them to Professor Pogodin, and he to the writer Nikolai Gogol. Soon Pogodin gave a review of the famous classic: "Gogol said this is an undoubted talent". The works of Fet and his friends were approved - the translator Irinarkh Vvedensky and the poet Apollon Grigoriev, to whom Fet moved from Pogodin's house. He recalled that "the house of the Grigorievs was the true cradle of my mental self." The two poets supported each other in their work and life.
In 1840, Fet's first collection of poems, Lyrical Pantheon, was published. It was published under the initials "A. F." It included ballads and elegies, idylls and epitaphs. The collection was liked by critics: Vissarion Belinsky, Pyotr Kudryavtsev and the poet Yevgeny Baratynsky. A year later, Fet's poems were already regularly published by Pogodin's magazine "Moskvityanin", and later by the magazine "Domestic Notes". In the last year, 85 Fetov's poems were published.
The idea to return the title of nobility did not leave Afanasy Fet, and he decided to enter the military service: the officer rank gave the right to hereditary nobility. In 1845, he was accepted as a non-commissioned officer in the Order's cuirassier regiment in the Chersonese province. A year later, Fet was promoted to cornet.
Friedrich Mobius. Portrait of Maria Fet (detail). 1858. State Literary Museum, Moscow
In 1850, bypassing all the censorship committees, Fet released a second collection of poems, which was praised on the pages of major Russian magazines. By this time, he was transferred to the rank of lieutenant and quartered closer to the capital. In the Baltic port, Afanasy Fet participated in the Crimean campaign, whose troops guarded the Estonian coast.
In the last years of his life, Fet received public recognition. In 1884, for the translation of Horace's works, he became the first recipient of the full Pushkin Prize of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Two years later, the poet was elected its corresponding member. In 1888, Athanasius Fet was personally introduced to Emperor Alexander III and awarded the court title of chamberlain.
While still in Stepanovka, Fet began to write the book “My Memoirs”, where he talked about his life as a landowner. The memoirs cover the period from 1848 to 1889. The book was published in two volumes in 1890.
On December 3, 1892, Fet asked his wife to call a doctor, and in the meantime he dictated to his secretary: “I don’t understand the conscious increase in inevitable suffering. Volunteering towards the inevitable" and signed "Fet (Shenshin)". The writer died of a heart attack, but it is known that at first he tried to commit suicide by rushing after a steel stiletto. Afanasy Fet was buried in the village of Kleymenovo, the Shenshin family estate.
I was offended to see how indifferently the sad news was received even by those whom it most of all should have touched. How selfish we are! He was a strong man, fought all his life and achieved everything he wanted: he won a name, wealth, literary celebrity and a place in high society, even at court. He appreciated all this and enjoyed everything, but I am sure that his poems were dearest of all in the world and that he knew that their charm is incomparable, the very heights of poetry. The further, the more others will understand it.
From a letter from Nikolai Strakhov to Sofya Tolstoy, 1892
Already after the death of the writer, in 1893, the last volume of memoirs "The Early Years of My Life" was published. Fet also did not have time to release the volume that completes the cycle of poems “Evening Lights”. The works for this poetic book were included in the two-volume Lyric Poems, which was published in 1894 by Nikolai Strakhov and Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov.
We all know that immortality does not exist on earth, but while our world stands, while people read poetry, the memory of a beloved Afanasia Feta who suffered a painful death will live forever. If it weren’t for HER, there wouldn’t be that Fet, who forever remained a great poet in Russian literature. SHE laid her life on the fiery altar of love, and HE devoted his love lyrics to her for more than 40 years after the tragedy, repenting that he had once sacrificed his most sincere aspirations and feelings for the sole purpose of being rich and eminent.
The situation was aggravated by the need to explain to others precisely this ill-fated origin: "why is he, a foreigner Fet, if he is the son of Shenshin; why is he Afanasyevich, born in Novoselki and baptized into Orthodoxy, if he is the son of Johann-Peter Fet." These and many other mocking questions flooded the young Fet with an avalanche and did not let him go for many years.
You can find answers to these and other questions in the previous review, which outlines the amazing story of the origin of the great poet:
The loss of a name for young Fet was a personal disaster that ruined his life. And, of course, the teenager took this turn of fate as a shame that cast a shadow not only on him, but also on his mother. As for the letter "ё" in his surname, it turned into "e" in his surname a little later and, moreover, quite by accident. The typesetter of his works once mixed up the letters, and after that Afanasy Afanasyevich began to sign - "Fet".
All his life, the poet tried at all costs to evade questions about his pedigree, and when this failed, he “had to resort to lies,” “so as not to cast ... an unfavorable shadow” on himself and his mother. So, he came up with a version saying that her first husband, by the name of Fet, took her to Russia, where he died suddenly, and her mother got married a second time.
In 1838, Fet entered the Faculty of Law at Moscow University, then moved to the historical and philological (verbal) department of the Faculty of Philosophy. Already during his studies, his rather talented poems began to be published in periodicals, and in 1840 the first collection of poems by the beginning poet was published.
The desire to rise to the title of nobility prompted Fet to enter the military service, and he became a non-commissioned officer. After serving for 13 years and not having achieved his goal, the poet resigned. And after another 15 years, finally, what he was going to for most of his life will happen. But more on that later.
Becoming an officer in the Russian army, Fet was sent to the garrison near Kherson. There he met the daughter of an impoverished retired general, Maria Lazich. The 22-year-old girl was well-read and romantic, loved Fet's poems.
On the basis of love for poetry, young people soon became close and fell in love with each other. Almost two years have passed since their first meeting, and those around them have already begun to look at them as a bride and groom. However, there was still no marriage proposal from Fet, he did not dare to marry, and with his uncertainty he tortured both the girl and himself. All sorts of gossip and rumors spread throughout the garrison. The girl's father tried to explain himself to Fet, but this did not lead to any clarity.
The poor officer, who did not have any support from the family, still hoped that his brother and sister would provide him with material assistance. But time passed and there was nothing to hope for ... Completely desperate, Fet decided to "burn the ships of mutual hopes at once." And one day he gathered his courage and announced his departure from the relationship. Explaining by the fact that he has no money either for the wedding or for the maintenance of the family, and that Mary can still be happy with another who will be more worthy of him.
The girl could only say: “I communicated with you without any encroachment on your freedom, and I am completely indifferent to the opinions of people. If we stop seeing each other, my life will turn into a meaningless desert in which I will die, I will make an unnecessary sacrifice to anyone. From these words, the poet was confused, but did not change his mind. If only he knew then what despair he had brought Mary to! She felt with every cell that not only love, but her whole life was slipping away from her. The desperate girl begged him not to stop at least correspondence, but the poet was firm in his decision.
And in the fall of 1850, Fet was shocked by the terrible news: Maria had died. By chance, her muslin dress flared up from a lamp. Embraced in flames, she ran out to the balcony, then up the stairs to the garden... and instantly, turning into a burning living torch, she fell, losing consciousness from incredible pain. Of course, running out into the fresh air, she doomed herself. People ran to the cries of the sister, they carried the badly burned Maria to the bedroom. And four days later, in terrible agony, the girl died, saying already in agony: "He's not to blame, but I..."
Thus, the human happiness of two loving hearts and the life of Mary were placed on the fiery altar of love. After this terrible tragedy, motifs and images associated with the fiery element were firmly entrenched in the poet's lyrics, whether it be a blazing fire, a blazing fireplace or a quivering candle flame. Our hero finally realized that he had lost the woman whom he loved with all the fibers of his soul, ruined the happiness of his whole life with his own hands. Until the end of his days, he blamed himself for the death of his beloved girl, but Mary could not be returned ...
Having survived this tragedy, Fet, without having achieved the return of the title, in 1857 married the rich merchant's daughter Maria Petrovna Botkina. She was no longer young and not very beautiful, but just like Fet, she had survived a difficult romance. Thanks to this marriage of convenience, he became the owner of estates in the Oryol and Kursk provinces, in 1858 he retired with the rank of guards captain and devoted himself to managing his estate. Later, in the Mtsensk district, he was elected a justice of the peace for 11 years. In 1873, by royal decree, he was finally returned to the long-awaited nobility and family name with the right to bear the name "Shenshin".
By the way, I would like to quote from the letter of the poet to his wife: “Now that everything, thank God, is over, you cannot imagine to what extent I hate the name Fet. I beg you, never write to me unless you want to disgust me. If you ask what all the suffering, all the sorrows of my life are called, I will answer then - the name is Fet. From the day the decree was signed, Afanasy Afanasyevich, under the name "Shenshin", began to sign all documents and letters to friends and acquaintances.
Until his very old age, he struggled with the sins of his poor youth: vainglorious ambition and avarice. And what is curious, the poet's contemporaries did not understand at all why he wrote poems about love until his death, and even what ones! absolutely did not fit with his amazing love lyrics. Apparently, the soul of Maria Lazich did not leave Fet, and perhaps he himself did not let her go until the end of his days. In his heart, not fading for more than four decades, the fire of his distant youthful love burned. He wrote the last poem dedicated to his beloved in 1892, the year of his death... Addressing Maria Lazich, Afanasy Fet wrote:
You understood everything with the soul of a child,
What can I say secret power is given,
And even though I'm destined to drag out life without you,
But we are with you, we cannot be separated ...
But this is not all the tragedies played out in his life as a poet. So, on November 21, 1892, the poet solemnly drank a glass of champagne and, having found an excuse, escorted his wife out of the house. Then he called his secretary and dictated to her the following: “I don’t understand the conscious increase of inevitable suffering. Volunteering towards the inevitable". And signed "November 21, Fet (Shenshin)". Then, taking a steel stiletto for cutting paper, he swung and hit himself on the temple, but missed. The secretary interfered, who managed to push away the hand of the poet, who was holding the stiletto. Then Fet rushed to the kitchen, deciding to finish what he started with a kitchen knife, but, without having time to reach him, he fell. The secretary, who rushed after him, barely made out in his incoherent whisper only one word "Voluntarily ...". Without regaining consciousness, the poet died. He was buried in the village of Kleymenovo, the Shenshin family estate.
He was a strong man, fought all his life and achieved everything he wanted: he won a name, wealth, literary celebrity and a place in high society, even at court.
The poet's suicide attempt was not at all a manifestation of momentary weakness, it was most likely evidence of his iron will, with the help of which he overcame the sharp turns of a difficult fate that treated him unfairly. He made his life the way he wanted to see it, and in the same way, he tried to "make" his own death.
An unforeseen circumstance - a heart attack - prevented what was planned.
The fate of the great Russian prose writer Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin was completely different. you can read about it in the review:
Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (years of life 1820 - 1892) - this name is known to any schoolchild. Consider the most important thing in Fet's biography: his family, creativity, Fet's biography. The biography is short, for elementary school students. The life of the poet was very eventful events, and Fet's biography is briefly presented in a concise form with difficulty, since I want to tell a lot of interesting facts about Fet.
In contact with
The famous poem is taught at school by everyone without exception and is remembered all their lives:
Athanasius was born in 1820 in the Oryol region (formerly the Oryol province) in the famous Mtsensk district. His mother Charlotte-Elisabeth Becker was a German citizen. Sh.-E. Becker was married to a German poor servant of the city court with the unmemorable long German name Johann-Peter-Karl-Wilhelm Föth. Has Fet through "e". Johann Vöth divorced Becker, then remarried and died in 1826. After his death, he left no legacy to his ex-wife and son.
On the eve of the divorce in 1820, a Russian landowner of noble origin, Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin, arrived in Darmstadt. Elizabeth Becker meets him. They fall in love with each other. Elizabeth by that time was pregnant with her second child. Shenshin secretly takes his future wife to Russia. They got married only in 1822, when the boy was already 2 years old. The boy was baptized and named in the world Afanasy Afanasyevich Shenshin. At birth, the boy was recorded as the consanguineous son of the parent A. N. Shenshin.
Previously, a child could be legitimate, born in wedlock. Since the marriage took place two years after the birth of the future poet, it was difficult to recognize him as a natural son. It is believed that this was done for a bribe.
When the boy was 14 years old, fate played a cruel joke with him. The secret of his birth surfaced in the church office, it turned out that a mistake had been made, that he was not the son of the nobleman Shenshin, and therefore could not have a noble title. Afanasy Neofitovich was recognized as Fet's stepfather. An official church message was issued about this.
Married Shenshina and Becker had several children together. K.P. Matveeva is the elder sister of Fet. Born in 1819. All other brothers and sisters were born in the Shenshin family:
There were children who died at an early age Anna, Vasily and possibly another Anna. Infant mortality was very high even in wealthy families.
It is interesting to know: the poet, the life and work of the writer.
Fet initially studied at the Krummer boarding school in Estonia, where he received an excellent upbringing. Further, in 1838, he entered Moscow State University and studied at the philosophical and philological department of literature. Here he is passionate about literature and languages. He graduated from the university in 1844. The first publications of poems were made in the senior courses of the university.
Fet began writing his first poems at a young age. Afanasy Afanasyevich was a lyricist from God. He sensually composed nature, love and art into poetic forms. With all this, the poet's lyrical nature did not interfere, but rather, on the contrary, helped him to be an enterprising good landowner with a "commercial streak".
The first official publications of poems were made in the Lyric Pantheon magazine in 1840. The first collection of poems was published in 1850, and then published regularly. He became any modern poet and was published in various publications.
Feta has always been oppressed by circumstance, according to which he was deprived of the title of nobility. He was very eager to regain this title and in 1853 he entered the service in the guards regiment. Unfortunately, the service did not bear fruit. In 1858, he retired, and remained untitled.
A year earlier, he marries Maria Botkina . on accumulated capital they buy arable land. Fet becomes a passionate farmer: he grows crops, raises livestock, takes care of bees and even digs a pond where he breeds fish. The estate was called Stepanovka. A few years later, the estate begins to bring a good income - up to 5-6 thousand a year. This is huge money. In 1877, he sold the estate and bought another - Vorobyovka in the Kursk province. It was an old estate with a beautiful manor house on the banks of the river and a huge century-old garden.
From 1862 to 1871, along with poetry, Fet was carried away by prose. These are two absolutely opposite literary currents of his work. If Fet's poetry is very lyrical, then prose is called realistic. These are stories, essays about rural hard work. Among the well-known - "Notes on civilian labor", "From the village" and others.
Fet had a lot of fans. One of them is Maria Lazich. They had tender feelings for each other, but could not cross their destinies. She died. Many of the best love poems are dedicated to Mary: “Talisman”, “You have suffered, I am still suffering ...” and others.
Afanasy Afanasyevich, knew several languages and translated many works of famous writers:
Fet wanted to translate E. Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, but he took up the translation of Schopenhauer, and he also dreamed of translating the Bible.
(10 )
Birth history. Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet was born in November or December 1820 in the village. Novoselki Oryol province. The story of his birth is not quite usual. His father, Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin, a retired captain, belonged to an old noble family and was a wealthy landowner. While being treated in Germany, he married Charlotte Feth, whom he took to Russia from her living husband and daughter. Two months later, Charlotte gave birth to a boy named Athanasius and given the surname Shenshin.
Fourteen years later, the spiritual authorities of Orel discovered that the child was born before the wedding of his parents and Athanasius was deprived of the right to bear his father's surname and title of nobility and became a German subject. This event is a very impressionable soul of a child, and Fet experienced the ambiguity of his position almost all his life. The special position in the family influenced the further fate of Afanasy Fet - he had to earn for himself the rights of the nobility, which the church deprived him of. Between the university and the army. Although the Shenshin family did not differ in a special culture, Fet received a good education.
From 1835 to 1837 he studied at a German Protestant boarding school in Verro (now Võru, Estonia). Here he enthusiastically studies classical philology and secretly begins to write poetry. Fet mastered the Latin language here, which helped him later translate ancient Roman poets. After Verro, Fet continued his education at the boarding school of Professor Pogodin to prepare for Moscow University, where he was enrolled in 1838 in the department of literature of the Faculty of Philosophy. During his university years, Fet became especially friends with the future famous critic and poet Apollon Grigoriev.
Together they discussed the poetic tests of the pen, which were included in the first poetic collection - "Lyric Pantheon" (1840): modest creatures, Will share Secret sufferings With my excited soul "These were imitative poems, and the poetry of Pushkin and Venediktov, to whom, as Fet recalled, he enthusiastically "howled" became the role models.
Within two or three years after the publication of the Lyric Pantheon, Fet publishes collections of poems on the pages of magazines, in particular Moskvitianin and Otechestvennye Zapiski, but they do not bring the expected wealth. With the hope of regaining his nobility, the young poet leaves Moscow and entered military service in a cuirassier regiment, stationed in the Kherson province. Subsequently, in his memoirs, Fet writes: “This imprisonment will continue for a long time - I don’t know, and in a moment various Gogol Wii climb into the eyes on a tablespoon, and you still need to smile ... I can compare my life with a dirty puddle.” But in 1858 A. Fet was forced to retire.
He never received noble rights - at that time the nobility gave only the rank of colonel, and he was a headquarters - captain. This made his further military career useless. Of course, military service was not in vain for Fet: these were the dawn years of his poetic activity. In 1850, "Poems" by A. Fet were published in Moscow, greeted by readers with delight. In St. Petersburg, he met Nekrasov, Panaev, Druzhinin, Goncharov, Yazykov. He later became friends with Leo Tolstoy. This friendship was long and necessary for both.
During the years of military service, Afanasy Fet experienced a tragic love that influenced all his work. It was love for the daughter of a poor landowner Maria Lazich, a fan of his poetry, a very talented and educated girl. She also fell in love with him, but they were both poor, and for this reason A. Fet did not dare to join his fate with his beloved girl. Soon Maria Lazich died under mysterious circumstances.
Until his death, the poet remembered his unhappy love; in many of his poems, her unfading breath is heard.
In 1856 a new book of the poet was published. Fulfillment of desires. After retiring, Fet married the sister of the critic Botkin, M. Botkin, who belonged to a wealthy Moscow merchant family. It was a marriage of convenience, and the poet sincerely confessed to the bride the secrets of his birth. With the money of his wife, Fet in 1860 buys the Stepanovka estate and becomes a landowner, where he lives for seventeen years, only occasionally visiting Moscow. Here he found his royal decree that the surname Shenshin, with all the rights associated with it, was finally approved for him. He became a nobleman.
In 1877, Afanasy Afanasyevich bought the village of Vorobyovka in the Kursk province, where he spent the rest of his life, only leaving for Moscow for the winter. These years, in contrast to the years spent in Stepanovka, are characterized by his return to literature. Beginning in 1883, he published a number of collections of lyrical poems, united by a common title - "Evening Lights" (first issue - 1883; second issue - 1885; third issue - 1888; fourth issue - 1891). In his poems, the poet refuses any abstraction, since mental states are difficult to analyze, and even more difficult to convey in words the subtle movements of the soul.
Creativity A. A. Fet. A. Fet's poems are pure poetry, in the context that there is not a drop of prose. Fet limited his poetry to three themes: love, nature, art. Usually he did not sing of hot feelings, despair, delight, lofty thoughts. No, he wrote about the simplest things - about pictures of nature, about rain, about snow, about the sea, about mountains, about forests, about stars, about the simplest movements of the soul, even about minute impressions. His poetry is joyful and bright, it has a sense of light and peace. Even about his ruined love, he writes lightly and calmly, although his feeling is deep and fresh, as in the first minutes. Until the end of his life, Fetu did not change the joy that pervaded almost all of his poems.
The beauty, naturalness, sincerity of his poetry reach complete perfection, his verse is amazingly expressive, figurative, musical. “This is not just a poet, but rather a poet-musician…” Tchaikovsky said about him. Many romances were written to Fet's poems, which quickly gained wide popularity.
Fet is a singer of Russian nature. Fet can be called a singer of Russian nature. The approach of spring and autumn withering, a fragrant summer night and a frosty day, a rye field stretching endlessly and without edge and a dense shady forest - he writes about all this in his poems. Fet's nature is always calm, hushed, as if frozen. And at the same time, it is surprisingly rich in sounds and colors, lives its own life, hidden from the inattentive eye:
"I came to you with greetings,
Say that the sun has risen
What is hot light
The sheets fluttered;
Tell that the forest woke up
All woke up, each branch,
Startled by every bird
And full of spring thirst ... "
Fet perfectly conveys the "fragrant freshness of feelings" inspired by nature, its beauty, charm. His poems are imbued with a bright, joyful mood, the happiness of love. The poet unusually subtly reveals the various shades of human experiences. He knows how to catch and clothe in bright, vivid images even fleeting spiritual movements that are difficult to identify and convey in words:
"Whisper, timid breath,
trill nightingale,
Silver and flutter
sleeping stream,
Night light, night shadows,
Shadows without end
A series of magical changes
sweet face,
In smoky clouds purple roses,
reflections of amber,
And kisses, and tears,
And dawn, dawn! .. »
Usually A. Fet in his poems dwells on one figure, on one turn of feelings, and at the same time, his poetry cannot be called monotonous, on the contrary, it strikes with diversity and a multitude of topics. The special charm of his poems, in addition to the content, is precisely in the nature of the moods of poetry. Muse Fet is light, airy, as if there is nothing earthly in her, although she tells us exactly about the earth. There is almost no action in his poetry, each of his verses is a whole kind of impressions, thoughts, joys and sorrows.
Take at least such of them as “Your Ray, flying far ...”, “Still eyes, Crazy eyes ...”, “The sun is a ray between lindens ...”, “I extend my hand to you in silence ...”, etc..
The poet sang beauty where he saw it, and he found it everywhere. He was an artist with an exceptionally developed sense of beauty. Perhaps that is why in his poems there are such wonderful pictures of nature that he accepted it as it is, not allowing any decorations of reality.
Love lyrics of the poet. Just as wonderful for Fet was the feeling of love, to which many of the poet's works are devoted. Love for him is protection, a safe haven "from the eternal splash and noise of life." Fet's love lyrics are rich in shades, tenderness, warmth coming from within the soul. “Fragrant honey of love joy and magical dreams” Fet depicted in his works in words of extreme freshness and transparency. Permeated now with light sadness, now with light joy, his love lyrics still warm the hearts of readers, “burning with eternal gold in singing.”
In all the works of A. Fet, he is impeccably faithful in descriptions or feelings, then the nature of their small risks, shades, moods. It is thanks to this that the poet created amazing works that have been striking us for so many years with filigree psychological accuracy. Among them are such poetic masterpieces as "Whisper, timid breath...", "I came to you with greetings...", "At dawn you don't wake her...", "Dawn says goodbye to the earth... ".
Fet's poetry is the poetry of hints, conjectures, omissions, his poems for the most part do not have a plot, they are lyrical miniatures, the purpose of which is not so much to convey thoughts and feelings to the reader, but rather the "volatile" mood of the poet. He was far from spiritual storms and anxieties. The poet wrote:
"The language of mental storm
Was incomprehensible to me."
Fet was deeply convinced that beauty is a real important element in building the world, which provides it with harmonious balance and integrity. Therefore, he sought and found beauty in everything: in fallen leaves, in a rose that surprisingly smiled “on the day of fleeting September”, in the colors of “native sky”. The poet distinguished between the "mind of the mind" and the "mind of the heart." He believed that only the “mind of the heart” could penetrate the outer shell of the beautiful essence of being. Fet's heartfelt lyrics have no access to anything terrible, ugly, disharmonious.
In 1892, the poet died of an asthma attack, two days before the age of 72. Before that, he tried to commit suicide. He was buried in the village of Kleymenovo, the Shenshin family estate, 25 versts from Orel.
The work of Fet had a significant influence on the symbolist poets of the early twentieth century - V. Bryusov, A. Blok, A. Bely, and then - S. Yesenin, B. Pasternak and others.
Conclusion. Analyzing the works of the poet, one can state with full confidence that the Russian school of pure art not only was not inferior to the French one, but perhaps even surpassed it in some way. Unlike the representatives of the French school of "pure art", who in their poems paid attention primarily to the rhythm of the verse, repetitions, the alternation of letters in words, the creation of verses - symbols, Russian poets were masters of "musical verses" that were easy to read. The images created in the poems were light, permeated with light, appealed to the best feelings of a person, taught beauty, taught to find and love beauty in every manifestation of nature, or a feeling of love.
The poems of representatives of the Russian school of "pure art" are more understandable to the reader, since their poems are not burdened with a large number of symbolic images. An interesting feature of Russian poets is that they not only sang of nature, but also treated it as something outstanding, amazing, which could become the meaning of life. It is in nature, love for a woman or a man that a person should find inspiration for life, work, creativity, love for the motherland. In my opinion, the Russian poets of the “pure art” school sang of nature in their poems through their special attitude towards it, while the French poets simply believed that it was worthy to preserve for centuries only poems about the eternal, something sublime, not ordinary. That is why nature reigned in the verses of the French.
Therefore, I am more impressed by the lyrics of the poets Fet and F. Tyutchev, which, through all its dissimilarity, fascinates with its beauty, subtle sense of the “soul of nature” and the desire to reflect it in all its manifestations.
3.2 / 5. 10
