Colonel-General Viktor Goremykin, head of the Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, gave an interview "", in which he answered pressing questions regarding the personnel sphere of the country's armed forces: staffing, officer training, and the number of contract soldiers.
- Just a couple of years ago, the problem of the shortage of officers in the Russian Armed Forces was quite acute. Did you manage to solve it?
- I want to say right away: now there is no acute problem with the manning of officer posts. But, I must admit, there were certain difficulties. Although the recruitment of cadets to military universities did not stop, until recently there were not enough of them to fill all the primary officer positions. But already next year, 2018, the troops will receive the first full-fledged release of lieutenants in the last five years.
In 2009-2012, the formation of the so-called "new look" was carried out in the Armed Forces. Optimization of officer positions played an important role in this reform. Their number has decreased. Also, certain positions of the officer corps were replaced by the positions of sergeants, foremen and even became civilians.
Therefore, the need for officer training has decreased significantly. The number of cadets in universities has also decreased. For a number of specialties, for which military positions were not provided, training was stopped altogether. Therefore, until recently, we had a certain shortage of personnel.
But today, with the small number of graduates from military educational institutions, we have used additional sources of staffing with officers. They allowed us to attract more than 7 thousand officers to the Armed Forces. In particular, we are talking about the admission to military service under the contract of career officers who are in reserve. All of them have the same military training, the same rights and social guarantees as other officers doing military service under contract. And their career depends entirely on success in the service and the subsequent increase in the level of education and military training.
We also found extraordinary and at the same time effective approaches to maintaining the staffing of a number of other officer posts. So, in 2016, for the first time, training of pilots from officers of the engineering and technical staff with higher education was carried out. These are people who graduated from specialized military universities, who thoroughly know the structure of the aircraft and the principles of operation of its mechanisms. Their professional retraining took a year and a half.
Last year, the first graduation of newly-made pilots came to the troops. Today, another 50 such servicemen are undergoing training. On the line of the Air Force Command, their flying career, I think, is well planned.
Another innovation is the training in short-term courses of military academies and schools of officers - platoon commanders from among soldiers and contract sergeants with higher education. In general, all sources of manning allowed us to recruit more than 11 thousand officers for military service in 2016. We believe that all of them will remain in service until the start of full-fledged graduates from our universities in 2018.
How many are leaving the Armed Forces?
- An equally important task in maintaining staffing is the retention of experienced officers motivated for military service. This work last year had a positive effect. Over the year, the number of officers dismissed ahead of schedule was significantly reduced - almost twice.
A personal approach, individual work with each dismissed officer helps to avoid early dismissal. Commanders need to pay attention to the life and concerns of their subordinates, to take all measures so as not to lose the present and future of the Armed Forces.
Another very important task is to retain young officers and especially university graduates. The planning work for their meeting begins today. We synchronize the work of commanders, personnel, housing, financial authorities and other interested structures. It includes an internship at the place of future service, solving issues of housing, employment of family members, setting up all types of allowances, assisting in service and professional adaptation.
Next year, in addition to the traditional graduations in June and July, in a number of universities of the Ground Forces, the first graduations will take place in March and also in December. Winter and spring graduates will be for team graduates transferred to four-year training programs. These are officers of motorized rifle, tank forces and a number of other specialties of the Ground Forces.
Until recently, future officers were trained for five years. How will the four-year training be organized now?
- Yes, indeed, until recently at the Russian Ministry of Defense, the term of study for all specialties was five years. But now, in certain specialties of the command profile of the Ground Forces, the period for mastering basic educational programs has become four years. At the same time, neither the volume, nor the content, nor the level of education received changes.
The name of the civilian specialty for the four-year training program corresponds to the profile of the educational program "Personnel Management". Without false modesty, I can say that we have taken a good rate of recruiting cadets to universities. This is the most important task of the prospective manning of troops with officers.
This year, universities will be fully staffed with a variable staff. At the same time, the need to recruit both new formations and troops to be re-equipped with modern technology will be taken into account.
Now we are actively introducing new forms of training to train future officers. In particular, since September 1 of last year, the training of students and cadets of military educational institutions has been transferred to training in electronic textbooks and teaching aids.
Russian education switched over to the Bologna system. And how is this process going in military universities?
I want to emphasize that the universities of the Ministry of Defense are implementing the same standards of higher education as in civilian ones. In military educational institutions, training for undergraduate programs is not carried out. We train future tactical officers according to specialty programs. The master's course is designed for the graduation of operational-tactical specialists in military academies, as well as in the academy of the General Staff - at the operational-strategic level.
In military schools, cadets master the specialty program. Such graduates hold junior officer positions - platoon commander, battery commander, as well as company or battalion level. For further career advancement, it is necessary to master the master's program at the profile academy. This already paves the way for the position of regiment or brigade commander, deputy division commander. To be appointed to senior officer positions, it is required to master the master's program of the Military Academy of the General Staff.
The talks about the transition of the Russian army to the contract manning method have been going on for a long time. What's the situation now?
- I want to note right away that increasing the number of contract servicemen, as well as warrant officers and warrant officers, is the most important state task. It is determined by the May 2012 program decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 604.
The planned indicators for the selection and admission of citizens for military service under the contract in 2016 were 100% fulfilled. The established parameter for the manning of the Armed Forces with contract servicemen has been achieved. This made it possible to fill almost 384 thousand posts.
The positions of non-commissioned officers are staffed 100%. Most of those sent for military service under contract are up to 30 years old, they have a high or good level of neuropsychic stability. Today, in the positions of privates and sergeants, 67% of military personnel have a professional education (higher or secondary vocational).
The number of people with higher education hired for military service under contract is growing every year. In 2016, compared to the previous year, it increased by 2%.
To attract and work with candidates, 83 points of selection for military service under the contract operate across the country today. Two of them (in Kandalaksha of the Murmansk region and in the military-patriotic park of culture and recreation of the Armed Forces "Patriot") were opened in 2016.
DVOKU became a participant in a new project conceived by the main personnel department of the Ministry of Defense. Accelerated (six-month) training courses for contract officers are held at the school. At the end of October, the first graduation and the assignment of new titles will already take place.
This is a kind of exam that sums up several months of theoretical and practical training. 62 contract soldiers with higher education arrived at DVOKU from various regions of the country in the spring. We spent the whole summer at the training ground.
“We have structured our program in such a way that we can devote a large share of our time to the practical component. We are practicing in ten disciplines: tactics, medical support, defense, engineering, military topography, physical training, driving combat vehicles, operation, ”said Vladimir Rukosuev, deputy head of the DVOKU.
Simultaneously with DVOKU, such classes are conducted in several other military universities of the country. This is dictated by the shortage of junior officers in the Russian army. The best are promoted.
“Many guys have a wealth of military experience behind them, and some have combat experience in various hot spots. The age limit is from 20 to 35 years old, so the guys managed to take part in many hostilities, ”said Valery Khakhov, a student of the accelerated training course for officers from the Samara region.
Some of the stages of a complex lesson (for example, taking a wounded person out of the battlefield or overcoming a fire-assault strip), many of these guys took place in reality. So it was not difficult for them to pass the test.
“The personnel during today's lesson showed high-quality training for the last 5 months that they have been here. I believe these soldiers will make excellent platoon leaders. They will become assistants to their senior commanders and worthy commanders for training conscripts, ”said Valentin Kapitonov, head of the vocational training course.
Based on the results of this lesson, the mentors were given admission to state certification, which is scheduled for mid-October. And on the 27th, the ceremony of conferring the rank of lieutenant on the graduates of the course will take place.
Svetlana Dyuzhova
Search Lectures
Topic 9. How to become an officer of the Russian army
Plan
1. The role of the officer corps in the Russian army
2. Rules for the admission of citizens to military educational institutions
The role of the officer corps in the Russian army
The officer corps is an administrative-legal category of persons with military and military-special training (education and personally assigned officer rank).
Military educational institutions in our country first appeared under Peter I. In the middle of the 19th century, Russia had 4 military academies, 20 cadet corps, 9 schools, 7 military schools. By the end of the 19th century, military educational institutions were divided into four categories: higher - military academies with a training period of 3-5 years; secondary schools and special schools with a training period of 2-3 years; secondary general military gymnasiums and cadet corps with a training period of 6-7 years; lower military schools with a term of study of one year.
At present, the training of officers for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in various specialties is mainly carried out in military educational institutions of professional education.
Military academies are the leading educational, methodological and scientific centers in the military education system. A number of military academies are among the oldest higher educational institutions in the country. The Naval, Military Engineering, Military Artillery Academy and the Peter the Great Military Academy were organized in the middle of the 19th century, and the Military Medical Academy in 1798. All of them trace their history back to officer classes and schools that were created even earlier. at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries
Today, the main purpose of the academies is to prepare highly qualified officers who already have higher education and experience in officer service for higher positions. In other words, the academies provide their graduates with a second higher education as specialists in the management of large military groups. Graduates are appointed to positions, as a rule, not lower than the regimental level. At the same time, a number of academies accept to study young men who do not have officer ranks, with a secondary (complete) general or secondary vocational education.
Military universities as a new type of military educational institutions were organized in 1995.
Military academies and military universities are tiered military educational institutions. In addition to training leading military personnel with a higher military education, they train officers for primary officer positions.
The institutions providing training of military personnel for filling primary officer positions are military institutions. They train officers - graduates with higher military special education in more than 250 specialties required for the army and navy.
In the coming years, the number of military institutions will increase due to the transformation of higher military schools into corresponding units.
Rules for the admission of citizens to military educational institutions
Russian citizens are admitted to military universities:
- with secondary (complete) general education or secondary vocational education;
- those who have not completed military service, who turned 17 years old by the end of the year, but not older than 21 years inclusive for the year of enrollment;
- have completed or have completed military service - up to 23 years inclusive for the year of enrollment.
Admission to military educational institutions is carried out on the basis of a personal application (report) of citizens, on the basis of which they are admitted to preliminary professional selection in regional (city) military commissariats or in military units.
Those who submitted the report are considered as candidates for admission to military universities.
Candidates receive information about the time and place of arrival for professional selection through military commissariats or through the headquarters of military units.
Professional selection is carried out by admissions committees of universities from 5 to 25 June. During the selection process, candidates are screened according to the following criteria:
- health status;
- military-professional orientation and individual psychological qualities;
- physical training;
- general education.
Individual psychological qualities are checked during the interview of the candidate with professional selection specialists and during testing.
All entrance exams are conducted according to programs corresponding to the curriculum of secondary (complete) general education.
Entrance exams to all military universities are taken in three stages. The first stage is a psychological and psychophysiological examination of candidates. The second stage is to check physical fitness. The third stage - general education is checked in the following subjects: mathematics (USE results), physics (USE results), Russian (USE results).
Candidates who graduated from a secondary (complete) educational institution with a medal or a secondary vocational educational institution with a "red" diploma and who meet the requirements of professional selection, pass one exam in a major subject determined by the head of a higher military educational institution.
Upon receiving a grade of "five", these candidates are exempted from further exams, and upon receiving a grade of "four" or "three", they pass exams in all other subjects taken for exams.
Prize-winners of olympiads and competitions in certain subjects, by decision of the admissions committees, may be exempted from passing entrance exams in these subjects with a "five" mark on the examination sheet.
Legislatively, some benefits are provided for those entering military educational institutions. In particular, travel is free for candidates. It is provided by military commissariats (commanders of military units), and in case of non-admission - by the heads of universities at the expense of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Candidates who come to universities are provided with free accommodation and meals, teaching aids and literature.
Civilian youth candidates who have not been admitted to study as having not passed professional selection are sent to the military commissariats at their place of residence. Personal files and other documents indicating the reasons for refusal to enroll in studies, as well as certificates of the results of admission to a military educational institution are issued to candidates on hand on receipt.
Persons who have not done military service, when enrolled in military educational institutions, acquire the status of military personnel doing military service by conscription.
Upon reaching the age of eighteen, they conclude a contract for military service, but not earlier than the end of the first course of study.
Citizens who have completed military service under a contract, as well as those passing or having completed military service by conscription, when enrolling in these educational institutions, conclude a contract before the start of training.
Those who are doing military service under a contract, when they are enrolled in military educational institutions, conclude a new contract.
Military personnel who receive professional military education conclude the first contract for military service during their studies at the specified educational institution and for five years of military service after graduation.
Servicemen who refuse to conclude a contract on military service in the prescribed manner are subject to expulsion from military educational institutions of vocational education
3. Conditions of training in military educational institutions
The academic year begins on September 1 and is divided into two semesters, each of which ends with an examination session. However, for first-year cadets, the academic year begins on August 1. For one or two months, combined arms training is conducted with them, during which they get acquainted with the basics of military service and with their future officer profession.
At the end of each semester, cadets are provided with vacation vacations: winter, fourteen days, and summer, thirty days.
Classes are held six times a week.
As in civilian universities, the total volume of educational work of cadets is planned at the rate of no more than fifty-four hours per week. Of these, no more than thirty-six hours per week are allocated for classes with a teacher in all courses except for the graduation course, and no more than thirty hours per week for the graduation course. The rest of the time is allocated for cadets' independent work. It is obligatory not only to attend all classes with a teacher (scheduled classes), but also to self-study.
During their studies, cadets undergo practical training (industrial, repair, ship and other, depending on the specialty they receive). At the final stage of training, a military (naval) internship is organized. In the process of an internship, conducted directly in the troops or in the fleets, cadets acquire practical skills in fulfilling their duties according to their official purpose.
The progress of cadets is checked during the current control, on exams and tests. For excellent and well-performing cadets, along with the incentives established for military personnel, a number of additional benefits and advantages are provided:
- cadets who have shown outstanding abilities can be assigned special (personal) scholarships (the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation);
- cadets of the second and subsequent courses may be allowed to take early exams and tests; they can use the freed up time at will, including to increase the duration of vacation;
- cadets of the second and subsequent courses can be transferred to training according to individual plans;
- in addition to the main specialty, the right to study the disciplines of the second specialty may be granted, and with the full implementation of its programs - to receive a second diploma after graduation.
Those who received only excellent marks in all exams and tests during the entire study period can be awarded a gold medal (in higher military educational institutions); the names of the best graduates are entered on the university honor board.
Those who graduate from a university with a gold medal and a diploma with honors or only with a diploma with honors are paid a one-time monetary reward. They have the preferential right to choose their duty station.
In connection with the additions made to the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service", the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Regulation on military training centers and the Regulation on military training faculties (military departments) at federal state educational institutions of higher professional education.
The military training center is created for the purpose of training under the military training program for citizens of the Russian Federation studying at this educational institution on a full-time basis, for them to undergo contract military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in military positions to be replaced by officers after graduating from this educational institution. Military training is carried out on a voluntary basis on the basis of an agreement concluded between a citizen and the RF Ministry of Defense.
Citizens up to the age of 24, who have expressed a desire to receive military training, must pass a preliminary selection, in particular, to determine fitness for military service for health reasons. The preliminary selection of candidates is carried out by the military commissariat at the place of military registration of a citizen or at the location of a higher educational institution in the manner established by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
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Currently, young people are coming to the moment of the first, truly serious, independent choice - the choice of a future path in life.
Among the possible and available professions there is one that at all times has been and will be worthy and in demand in our country.
This is, in the words of the hero of the wonderful film "Officers", "the profession of the Motherland to defend."
To become an officer at present, it is not necessary to study at military schools or institutes, today young people have a wonderful opportunity - to get an excellent higher education at Tomsk State University and become an officer, having completed training at the military training center (UCC).
Training at the UVTs at TSU is a new system of military training - training officers for military service on a contract basis on the basis of universities, introduced by the order of the government of the Russian Federation in 2008. Upon graduation from TSU and the assignment of the first officer rank "lieutenant", the graduate is obliged to serve under a contract for an officer's position for three years, which are included in the total length of service. The officer enters into subsequent contracts for military service at his own request.
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation operate courses for the training of junior officers of the Ground Forces.
In accordance with the Instructions for organizing the work of training courses
junior officers of the Ground Forces, approved by the Order of the Minister
Defense of the Russian Federation of March 17, 2003 N 85, training for
courses are conducted under accelerated training programs for military personnel
military registration specialties to acquire the skills necessary
to perform duties in primary military positions of officers,
on the basis of the existing secondary (complete) general, secondary vocational
or higher professional education without promotion
educational level of students. The normative period of study for
courses - 10 months, the beginning of classes - July 1 annually. At the end
graduates are considered to have received reduced military training.
Candidates for enrollment in courses may be considered
servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (except for officers),
undergoing military service under the contract (if before the end of its validity
there are at least 2.5 years left) and by conscription (who have served at least six
months), under the age of 27 at the time of enrollment. Citizens,
who are in reserve, who have expressed a desire to study on courses in
in the prescribed manner enter military service under a contract and
appointed to vacant military positions for which the state
military ranks of soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen are provided,
warrant officers and warrant officers.
Military personnel regarded as
candidates for admission to courses must have a higher education (incomplete
higher) vocational or secondary vocational education,
confirmed by an appropriate state diploma.
V
as an exception, by decision of the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces -
Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, in agreement with
By the General Directorate of Personnel, as specified candidates may
considered military personnel with an average (complete) general
education:
- undergoing military service by conscription (who have served
at least 18 months) who are in the positions of platoon commanders
(chiefs of calculations), foremen of the company (batteries), senior technicians of the company
(batteries);
- undergoing military service under the contract (if before
the end of its action is at least 2.5 years) and upon the call
(who have served at least 6 months) in military positions
non-commissioned officers and rank-and-file personnel with combat experience and
awarded with state awards.
With a soldier,
undergoing military service by conscription, when enrolling in courses in
according to the established procedure is in the military unit, in which he
doing military service, the first contract.
Personal appointment
graduates of courses for vacant military positions of platoon commanders
(chiefs of crews) to be replaced by junior officers,
produced by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Simultaneously with the appointment to military positions by military personnel who have
higher professional education related to the corresponding VUS,
the first military rank "lieutenant" is assigned.
Hello, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation have courses for the training of junior officers of the Ground Forces.
In accordance with the Instruction for organizing the work of courses for the training of junior officers of the Ground Forces, approved by Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 85 dated March 17, 2003, training at the courses is carried out according to programs for accelerated training of military personnel in military registration specialties to acquire the skills necessary to perform duties in primary military positions of officers, on the basis of the existing secondary (complete) general, secondary vocational or higher vocational education without raising the educational level of students. The standard term of study for the courses is 10 months, the beginning of classes is July 1 annually. Upon completion of the courses, graduates are considered to have received reduced military training. Servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (except for officers) who are doing military service under a contract (if at least 2.5 years are left until the end of its validity) and on conscription (who have served at least six months) can be considered candidates for enrollment in courses. under the age of 27 at the time of enrollment. Citizens in the reserve who have expressed a desire to study at the courses, in the prescribed manner, enter military service under the contract and are appointed to vacant military positions, for which the state provides for the military ranks of soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen, warrant officers and warrant officers. Military personnel considered as candidates for enrollment in courses must have a higher (incomplete higher) vocational or secondary vocational education, confirmed by an appropriate state diploma. As an exception, by the decision of the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, agreed with the Main Personnel Directorate, servicemen with a secondary (complete) general education can be considered as the indicated candidates: who are in the positions of platoon commanders (chiefs of calculations), foremen of companies (batteries), senior technicians of companies (batteries); - those undergoing military service under a contract (if at least 2.5 years are left until the end of its validity) and on conscription (who have served for at least 6 months), who are in military positions of sergeant and rank-and-file personnel, have experience in military operations and were awarded state awards. With a soldier doing military service by conscription, when enrolling in courses in the prescribed manner, the first contract is concluded in the military unit in which he is doing military service. The personal appointment of course graduates to vacant military positions of platoon commanders (crew chiefs) to be replaced by junior officers is made by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. Simultaneously with the appointment to military positions, a serviceman with a higher professional education, akin to the corresponding VUS, is awarded the first military rank "lieutenant". The rest of the servicemen, when appointed to military positions, are assigned the first military rank "junior lieutenant".how can you take courses for junior officers?
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 09.16.1999 1237
Article 21. Procedure for conferring the first military rank
2. The military rank of lieutenant is awarded:
a) a serviceman who does not have the military rank of an officer, or a serviceman who has the military rank of junior lieutenant, regardless of the length of military service in this military rank, who graduated from a higher or secondary military educational institution - upon graduation from the specified educational institution;
a. 1) to a citizen who graduated from a federal state educational institution of higher professional education and completed a military training program at a military training center at that educational institution - on the day following the day the order on graduation from the said educational institution is issued;
b) a citizen who has successfully completed training under the training program for reserve officers at a military department at a state, municipal or state accredited in the relevant areas of training (specialties) non-state educational institution of higher professional education - upon graduation from the specified educational institution;
c) a citizen (soldier) who does not have the military rank of an officer, who has a higher professional education related to the corresponding military specialty, and who entered military service under a contract for a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of an officer - upon appointment to the corresponding military position;
d) a serviceman who does not have the military rank of an officer, who is doing military service under a contract, who has a higher professional education related to the corresponding military specialty, and appointed to a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of an officer - upon appointment to the corresponding military position;
e) to a citizen who is in reserve, does not have the military rank of an officer, who has a higher professional education - at the end of military training and after passing the relevant credits;
f) a serviceman who does not have the military rank of an officer who is doing military service under a contract with the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation or the Service of Special Objects under the President of the Russian Federation - in the manner determined by the heads of these bodies , upon completion of training under the training program as part of a training group or simultaneously with enrollment in military service under the condition
Actually, a person with a higher education does not really need to take such courses, since if he enters military service under a contract and is appointed to an officer's position, he is immediately assigned the first military rank of lieutenant.
