Main article: Leningrad Region Territory of the Leningrad Region at the beginning of the 13th century. The earliest traces of human presence on the territory of the Leningrad Region date back to the Mesolithic era. H ... Wikipedia
Leningrad Region is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation located in the northwest of the European part of the country. Territory 83,900 km², which is 0.5% of the area of Russia. According to this indicator, the region ranks 39th in ... ... Wikipedia
Leningrad region Russia ... Wikipedia
It is a symbol of Leningrads ... Wikipedia
The Leningrad Region includes 32 cities: Name Former name Municipal Formation Population, pers. Established Status of the city Coat of arms Coordinates Boksitogorsk Boksitogorsk district 16 585 1929 1950 ... Wikipedia
Coordinates: 59 ° 20'00 ″ s. NS. 30 ° 05'00 ″ east d. / 59.333333 ° N NS. 30.083333 ° East d ... Wikipedia
Coordinates: 60 ° 42'33 ″ s. NS. 28 ° 44'39 ″ in. d. / 60.709167 ° N NS. 28.744 ... Wikipedia
Podporozhsky municipal district Coat of arms Flag ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Lomonosov district. Lomonosov municipal district Coat of arms ... Wikipedia
Boksitogorsk municipal district Coat of arms Country ... Wikipedia
Lavrova Irina Borisovna,
teacher GBDOU kindergarten number 46
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Kirovsky district of St. Petersburg
On the territory of Ingermanland (the western part of the Leningrad region), as well as in the nearby eastern lands there are many small ethnic groups that slowly, barely perceptibly continue to struggle with the outside world for their self-determination, language and traditions. Ingria itself is the quintessence of the Finno-Ugric and, to a lesser extent, the Baltic tribes, including the Izhorians, Vepsians, Vods, Tikhvin and Olonets Karelians, Finns, people, Estonians, Ingrian Finns. Ingria Day is traditionally celebrated together with the name day of Irina / Inkeri / Ingrid, who is considered the patron saint of Ingermanland (October 4-5). In fact, this date is the birthday of our land, which became inhabited long before the arrival of the Novgorodians and Pskovs here.
Organizations (official and amateur) have been created in St. Petersburg, calling for the revival of the once numerous peoples of Ingermanland in the best traditions. Their adherents call themselves regionalists, linguists, geographers and historians who do not lose their enthusiasm and study languages and cultures that have long died or barely survived on the territory of the region. And then - briefly about each of the peoples.
Karelians(self-name karjalaižet) - Finno-Ugric people speaking the Karelian language. In addition to the Karelians proper, the Karelian ethnos also includes the subethnos of Livviks (liügilaižet) and Ludiks (lüüdilaižet), significantly differing in culture and language (up to differences in alphabets). Livviks mostly live in Olonets Karelia, people - in Prionezhskaya Karelia. The Tver Karelians (tiverin karielaižet) also differ significantly in language, ethnic tradition, and are recognized by most ethnological researchers as a separate subethnos. Also in the Karelian ethnos there is a sub-ethnos Lappi or Segozero Karelians living in the vicinity of Segozero, which comes from the descendants of the Lapps, assimilated by the Karelians, but retained their self-name. In terms of language and culture, Lappi differ little from the Karelians themselves. In Russia, there are about 60 thousand Karelians, in Finland they are considered part of the Finnish nation and do not stand out separately, in other countries there are only about 3 thousand of them.
Artistic Karelian crafts include weaving, embroidery, birch bark weaving, fur and leather products, stone, metal and wood processing, and ceramic products.
Veps(vepsläižed, outdated name - Chud) - Finno-Ugric people, numbering no more than 7 thousand people. The national language is Vepsian. Three ethnographic groups are distinguished among the Vepsians: northern, middle and southern. Traditional occupation is arable farming; animal husbandry and hunting played an auxiliary role. Fishing and picking of mushrooms and berries were of great importance for intrafamily consumption. From the second half of the 18th century, otkhodniki developed - logging and rafting, bustling on the rivers Svir, Neva, etc. Pottery was developed on the Oyat River. In Soviet times, the industrial development of decorative building stone developed among the northern Vepsians, and animal husbandry acquired meat and dairy production. Many Vepsians work in the logging industry.
The main artistic trades of the Vepsians are wood carving, birch bark weaving, embroidery, weaving, and clay toys. They especially revered the tree: so in the old days from a spinning wheel was cut out of the curved trunk of a birch - a traditional gift to the bride, wife, daughter, sister.Multicolored painting and ornamental carvings adorned wood-made utensils, household utensils and furniture. Buckets were hollowed out of a voluminous burl, and single-tree canoes were made from a thick aspen trunk.The oldest ornamental material for the Vepsians is birch bark. Salt licks, tuesa, purses, baskets, sandals were made from it.
Vod(self-name vaddyalayzid (vaďďalaizõd), vadjakko, vod, rare vozhane) - a small Finno-Ugric people, the indigenous population of the Leningrad region. Belongs to the list of endangered peoples of Russia. They speak Vodian. The number in Russia is 64 people in 2010, of which at home, in the Leningrad region - 33 people, in St. Petersburg - another 26 people. The number of Vodi was constantly decreasing in the course of wars, mass forced evictions during the war and post-war times. During the Great Patriotic War, the entire territory of Vodi residence was occupied by German troops. In 1943, the leaders were forcibly resettled from their native villages to Finland. After the conclusion of an armistice with Finland, the leaders were returned to the USSR, although they did not get the opportunity to return to their villages. The situation changed only after 1953. However, since 1959, representatives of this people are not mentioned in the censuses, although the Votian population continued to live in many villages of the Leningrad Region, preserving their language and traditional culture.
Izhora(Izhorians, self-name Izhora, Inkeroin, Izhoralain, Karjalain, Izhor.inkeroin, Ižora, Ižoralain) - Finno-Ugric people, in ancient times - the main (along with Vodu) population of Izhora land. Until the middle of the 20th century, they retained their language and some peculiar features of material and spiritual culture (in clothing, food, housing, etc.). The language is Izhora; only a few hundred people speak it. The number in Russia is only from 500 to one and a half thousand people. Folklore of Izhora is known for oral folk art - songs-runes of storytellers-rune singers. It is surprising that this small people have retained in their memory a common epic with the Karelians and Finns (known to the general reader as Kalevala), some parts of which were known only to the Izhorian rune singers. One of the most famous Izhora storytellers is Larin Paraske (Praskovya Nikitina), who lived at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries on the Karelian Isthmus. He was also famous for the execution of the runes of Ontropo Melnikov.
The traditional arts and crafts of the Izhora are generally similar to the crafts of other ethnic communities in the region. This is the construction and decoration of houses, boats, household items. There were many excellent carpenters among the Izhora: wheels, carts, sledges, and spinning wheels were made for sale. In many villages, linen was woven, baskets and other household utensils were woven from twigs. Potters and carpenters worked, but nowhere did these occupations take on the form of a handicraft industry.
The following sources were used to create the article:
1.materials of the Center for Indigenous Peoples of the Leningrad Region
2.materials of the Vepsian region
3.http: //kmn-lo.ru
4. catalog "Indigenous Minorities of the Leningrad Region", otv. editor T. Golovanova
5.Information center of Finnougria http://www.finnougoria.ru
6.http: //vedlozero.ru
7.http: //ru.wikipedia.org
Petersburg owes its multinational diversity to its artificial origin - builders, scientists and artisans flocked here from different cities and countries, gradually settling in a place that was almost deserted quite recently. The Leningrad Region is another matter. Here, most of the cities and settlements have a centuries-old history, echoes of which have been preserved even in the names: Vyborg, Tosno, Sertolovo. The Day of Indigenous Peoples, which has been celebrated in different countries on August 9 since 1994 at the initiative of the UN, is filled with special significance for the Leningrad Region.
Representatives of about five indigenous peoples live here, whose ancestors lived on this land long before the appearance of St. Petersburg. Today, there are very few of them left, but the preservation of their culture, history and traditions in the 47 region is treated with great attention - for example, in February of this year Governor of the Leningrad Region Alexander Drozdenko proposed to create a large-scale cultural and ethnographic project "The Village of Indigenous Peoples." “The national village will become a living encyclopedia telling about the peoples living on the territory of the Leningrad region. We will involve young people in the implementation of this project, - he said. “The village project will also be of great help for the development of the region's tourism potential.” According to the governor's estimates, the creation of a new cultural center will take about two years. The project is being carried out by the committee on local self-government, interethnic and interfaith relations.
As the site told the reporter Vyacheslav Sanin, Advisor to the Governor of the Leningrad Region on Religious Issues, the endangered peoples of the region today can be counted on one hand. “Of course, almost all of them belong to the Finno-Ugric group - we owe this to our neighborhood with Karelia and Finland. There are very few representatives of the Vod and Izhora peoples left. Slightly more - Vepsians, Tikhvin Karelians and Ingrian Finns, - he explained. - It is likely that in fact there are more representatives of these peoples than is reflected in the statistics, but many do not fully associate themselves with their nationality due to low ethnic self-esteem or lack of information about their own ancestors. This is one of the problems that we have to solve with the help of educational and museum work, as well as folklore festivals that are held every year. "
The population of the Leningrad Region exceeds 1.7 million people, 141 out of 193 Russian nationalities are represented in the region. According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, 92.7% of the region's residents consider themselves Russian, 2% - Ukrainians, 1.1% - Belarusians. There are significantly fewer representatives of small peoples than, say, Roma, Finns or Uzbeks. For example, 169 people called themselves Izhorians - 0.01% of the respondents, 1380 people (0.1%) - Vepsians, and only 33 people (0.002%) - vozhans.
By the way, in the Leningrad region, half of all representatives of the Vodi in Russia are concentrated. Another 26 leaders live in St. Petersburg and five people in other cities. Meanwhile, at the beginning of the 18th century there were 13,672 leaders in Russia, in 1848 there were 5148, in 1926 - 705, and in 2002 - 73. The situation is approximately the same with the Vepsians and Izhorians.
The leaders are careful about their history. Photo: Site "Ingermanlandia: Vod and Izhora"
Vozhane The Leningrad region is concentrated in the Kingisepp district, in the villages of Luzhitsy and Krakolye (considered a quarter of the Ust-Luga village). Some even know Votic, which is a bit similar to Estonian and is listed in the Endangered Languages Red List. In the annals, this nationality has been mentioned since 1069. Vod gave the name to the Vodskaya pyatina of the Novgorod land, located between the rivers Volkhov and Luga. This year, for the first time, a self-instruction manual for the Votic language was published, published by a Moscow enthusiast.
Izhorians also live in the Kingisepp district, in the village of Vistino. According to the 2002 census, 327 Russians called themselves Izhorians, of whom 177 lived in the Leningrad region on the Soikinsky peninsula. By 2010, 169 Izhora residents remained in the region. As polls show, many of them speak their native language. It sounds similar to Finnish and Karelian.Veps live in Russia in three separate groups between Ladoga, Onega and Beloye lakes: on the southwestern coast of Lake Onega (the former Vepsian national volost of the Republic of Karelia), in the adjacent districts of the Leningrad region (Podporozhsky, Lodeynopolsky, Tikhvinsky and Boksitogorsky) and northwestern areas of the Vologda (Babaevsky and Vytegorsky) regions. In the Leningrad region, they are concentrated in Vinnitsa, Voznesensky, Radogoschinsky, Alekhovschinsky and Pashozersky rural settlements. According to the 2002 census, there were 2019 people in the Leningrad region, and by 2010 there were 1380 people left. In 1937, the Vepsians were affected by the Stalinist terror: any activity related to Vepsian culture was banned, Vepsian schools were closed, books were no longer published, textbooks were burned, and repressions fell upon the Vepsians. Vepsian speakers are now almost without exception bilingual.
One of the largest centers of culture of small peoples in the Leningrad region is the Izhora Museum in the village of Vistino, which opened in 1993. Here are collected unique objects of culture and everyday life of the Soikin izhor of the XX century. The Izhora song group Rybachka operates at the club in the village of Vistino, and in the club in the village of Gorki there is the ensemble Shoikulan laulut (Soykinsky tunes). Since 2003, every summer Izhora culture holidays have been held on the Soykinsky peninsula. In 2006, a mobile “Museum of the Indigenous Peoples of the St. Petersburg Land” was opened, telling about the history and culture of Izhorians. The museum was presented in the Kunstkamera and shows the exposition in many villages and cities of the Leningrad region. The folklore group "Korpi" has been working for more than 10 years, in which the Izhorians sing. She has released several professional discs ("Inkerin kaiku", "A Day in Krakolye") and performed dozens of times at festivals.
Folklore festivals are always very vibrant. Photo: Vinnitsa village website
You can get acquainted with the history of the Vepsians in the Center of Vepsian folklore (Vinnitsa village), in the Podporozhsky Museum of Local Lore. There, every summer since 1989, the "Tree of Life" holiday has been held, which attracts Vepsians, Russians, Karelians, Izhora, residents of the surrounding areas of other nationalities. This year it took place in mid-July. The festival hosts national dance, costume contests, and the Vepsian beauty contest. In addition, on the basis of the Institute of the Peoples of the North at the Pedagogical University. Herzen organized training in the Vepsian language.
Vodsky and Izhora holidays ("Luzhitskaya fold" and "Reviving we save") are held where these peoples live - in the village of Luzhitsy and the village of Vistino. The program of "Luzhitskaya fold" includes stories about the ancient and modern history of the Votian people, about the life of the Votian village and the fate of its inhabitants, performances of folklore groups and a feast. In 2003, the Vost coat of arms, anthem and flag were presented for the first time at the festival. Since 2011, every summer in the village of Krakolje, short-term summer schools of the Vot language, organized by the University of Tartu, have been held. And in 2013, the Voda Museum was opened in Luzhitsy, where books about the culture of the people are created.
And in Karelia, the film is now being shot in the Vepsian language "The fish is small and the ear is sweet" ("Kala - pen ', a keitmine - maged"), which is dedicated to the traditional Vepsian fishing. The heroes of the film - Vepsians from the Podporozhsky district of the Leningrad region, the Babaevsky district of the Vologda region and the villages of Karelia - will tell about the ancient craft. Also, the film will show Vepsian craftsmen from the village of Ladva in the Leningrad Region, who weave hems, knit nets, make wooden boats and know all the beliefs associated with fishing.
1 NATIONAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF THE LENINGRAD REGION Abkhazians (118) Avars (573) Azerbaijanis (4574) Arabs (62) Armenians (7072) Afghans (55) Bashkirs (978) Belarusians (16 830) Bulgarians (304) Buryats (178) Vepsians (1380 ) Gagauz (242) Greeks (251) Georgians (1567) Dargins (349) Jews (1206) Yezidis (95) Izhorians (169) Ingush (214) Kabardians (239) Kazakhs (907) Kalmyks (101) Karachais (77) Karelians (1345) Kyrgyz (871) Chinese (104) Komi (456) Komi-Perm (109) Koreans (1122) Kumyks (224) Laks (87) Latvians (387) Lezgins (900) Lithuanians (535) Mari (755) Moldavians (2698) Mordva (1465) Germans (1722) Ossetians (587) Persians (72) Poles (1028) Russians () Rutuls (81) Tabasaran (187) Tajiks (2977) Tatars (8693) Turks (58) Turkmen (211) Udmurts (753) Uzbeks (6717) Ukrainians (31 769) Finns (4366) Gypsies (3885) Chechens (394) Chuvashes (2065) Estonians (772) Yakuts (Sakha) (72) Did not indicate nationality () Those who indicated other answers about nationality (394) 19
2 AGENTS ethnic community Leningrad FIELD Abazins Abkhazians Avarians Agulu Adygeys Azerbaijanis Altaians Americans Arabs Armenians Assyrians Afghans Balkarians Bashkirs Belorusy Besermyan Bulgarians Bosnians British Buriats Hungarians Vietnamese Gagauz Mountain Jews Greeks Georgians Dargins Dolgans Dungans Jews Yezidis Ingushs Indians Spanish Italians Itelmens Kabardians Kazakhs Kalmucks Kamchadals Karakalpaks Karachays Karely Kets Kirghiz Chinese Komi Komi-Permians Koreans Koryaks Crimean Tatars Cubans Kumandins Kumyks Kurds Lakis Latvians Lezgins Lithuanians Mansi Marians Moldavians Mordvans Nagaybaki Nanai Nganasans Negidal Germans Nenets Nivkhs Nivakhs Nogamians Slovatsy Tatians Tofa) Tuvinians Turks Meskhetian Turks Turkmen Udins Udmurts Uzbeks Uigurs Uilta (Oroks) Ukrainians Ulchi Finns French Khakass Khanty Croats Tsakhurs Gypsies Circassians Montenegrins Czechs Chechens Chuvash Chukchi Chulyms Shors Evenks Evens (Lamuts) Eskimos Estonians Yakuts (Sakha) Japanese Other replies about nationality 20
3 CONFESSIONAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF THE LENINGRAD REGION The data are presented within the framework of a study on interethnic and inter-confessional relations in the Leningrad region, by the number of organizations Orthodoxy (238) Roman Catholic Church (2) Armenian Apostolic Church (2) Islam (2) Judaism (Orthodox) ( 3) Evangelical Baptist Christians (17) Christians of the Evangelical Faith (3) Evangelical Christians (13) Evangelical Christians in the Spirit of the Apostles (2) Christians of the Evangelical Faith Pentecostals (34) Churikovites (Evangelical Christians are teetotalers) (3) Adventists of the Seventh Day) Lutheranism (22) Methodists (2) Jehovah's Witnesses (4) The Salvation Army (2) The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) (1) The Sovereign Church of Our Lady (2) 21
6 INDIGENOUS SMALL PEOPLES OF THE LENINGRAD REGION Vepsians (1380) Vod (33) Izhora (169) Vepsians (self-name vepsläižed, Vepslyaijed) are a small Finno-Ugric people. In the Leningrad Region, the places of compact residence of the Vepsians are located on the territory of the Podporozhsky, Lodeynopolsky and Tikhvin districts. Before the 1917 revolution, the Vepsians were known under the name "Chud". The ethnonym "Vepsians" spread already in Soviet times. The traditional occupations of the Vepsians are arable farming, animal husbandry and hunting. Fishing, as well as picking mushrooms and berries, was of great importance in the old days. Nowadays, many Vepsians work in the logging industry, 49.3% of Vepsians in the Leningrad Region live in cities and urban-type settlements. Vepsians are included in the List of Indigenous Minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation. Vod (self-name vaďďalaizõd, vaddyalaizid) is a small Finno-Ugric people. Belongs to the list of endangered peoples of Russia. At present, representatives of the nationality live mainly in the villages of the north of the Kingiseppsky district of the Leningrad region (Luzhitsy, Krakolye, Pillovo). In former times, the Vod was a relatively large people, which gave the name to the Vodskaya pyatina of the Novgorod land. Izhora (self-name izoralain, izoralain) is a small Finno-Ugric people, in ancient times the main (along with the Vody) population of the Izhora land. Until the middle of the XX century. retained their language and some peculiar features of material and spiritual culture (in clothing, food, housing, etc.). Unlike the Ingermanland Lutherans who lived on the same lands, they professed Orthodoxy. Izhora live mainly in the Lomonosov and Kingisepp districts of the Leningrad region, several Izhora are recorded in the south of the Gatchina region. 24
7 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE LENINGRAD REGION (NUMBER AND SPEAKING OF LANGUAGES) Population of the corresponding nationality Those who indicated their native language Including named Russian as their native language Other language Veps who did not indicate their native language Vepsian Izhora Those who indicated their nationality Vepsians Izhory Vod Saamyens Other accessories (not listed above) Persons whose nationality is not indicated on the census forms * Data from the 2010 All-Russian Population Census. 25
8 MIGRATION PROCESSES Data as of September 1, 2015 Year Migration registered Work permits issued Work patents issued Work notifications received (1925 to the APPG) (; + 17.4%) * (+ 3728; + 2.5%) (; + 12.2%) * (; + 14.43%) * * Information on St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region. The bulk of the arriving citizens: 72% from Azerbaijan, Armenia and the regions of Central Asia, 14% are citizens of Ukraine, 11% are citizens of the Republic of Moldova (approximately the same statistics from year to year). Citizens who arrived in the Russian Federation on a visa basis, citizens of Afghanistan, China, Pakistan, Vietnam. 26
4.3. POPULATION BY NATIONALITY AND OWNING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE City of Sevastopol 393304 378900 363134 348915 30170 29985 affiliation 373872 372124 343968 342369 29904 29755 Abazins 2 2 2 2 - - Abkhazians 16
4. POPULATION BY NATIONALITY AND OWNERSHIP OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN CITY DISTRICTS AND MUNICIPAL AREAS Oryol Region 786935 773685 Lazy - - Indicating national Megrela 3 3 affiliation 769467 768734
4.2 NATIONAL COMPOSITION OF POPULATION IN TOTAL City district City of Kaluga City district City of Obninsk - Obninsk "Babyninsky" Baryatinsky "Borovsky" Dzerzhinsky Total population 1010930 339488 104739 21041
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The places where St. Petersburg stands today were not at all so lifeless before the foundation of the city, as is commonly believed. On the contrary, these lands, which bore the proud name of Izhora and Ingermanlandia, were home to many indigenous tribes.
The most ancient inhabitants of St. Petersburg, or rather its territories, were the Izhora ("Izhera") tribe whose name was called the entire Izhora land or Ingermanlandia (on both banks of the Neva and Western Ladoga), later renamed St. Petersburg province.
There are many versions of the origin of this clearly not originally Russian toponym. According to one, “Ingermanlandia” was once born from the Finnish “inkeri maa”, which means “beautiful land”. This name gave the name to the Izhora river, and the tribes that inhabited its banks were named “Izhora”. Other historians, on the contrary, believe that it all started with the name of the Izhora River, which, judging by the chronicles, was used even under the first Rurikovichs: “when she gave birth to the son of Ingor, gave her a hail with Izhara in Vienna”. Someone generally thinks that it was not without the influence of the wife of Yaroslav the Wise, Ingigerda (Anna).
Judging by the linguistic closeness of the languages, the Izhora once separated from the Karelian ethnic group. It happened, judging by the archaeological data, not so long ago - in the first millennium of our era. [C-BLOCK]
The first written evidence of this tribe dates back to the 12th century. In it, Pope Alexander III, along with the Karelians, Sami and Vodyu, names the pagans of Ingria and prohibits the sale of weapons to them. By this time, the Izhorians had already established strong ties with the Eastern Slavs who came to the neighboring territories, and took an active part in the formation of the Novgorod principality. True, the Slavs themselves hardly distinguished the cultural element of the Izhorians, calling all the local Finno-Ugric tribes "chudyu". For the first time, in Russian sources they started talking about the Izhorians only in the XIII century, when they, together with the Karelians, invaded the Russian lands. Later sources are more detailed in the description, they even give the Izhorians a description of cunning and dodgy.
After the fall of the Novgorod Republic and the formation of the Moscow state, active Russian colonization of these lands began, right up to the Time of Troubles, when Sweden annexed Ingermanland to itself. Then the Finnish population, professing Lutheranism, poured into these territories. Their descendants inherited Protestantism, received the name Inkeri or Ingrians and followed their own path of cultural development. Even today, the descendants of the Inkeri and Izhorians continue to shun each other because of the difference in confessions.
After the founding of St. Petersburg, Russian influence on local territories and peoples intensified again. The proximity to the Russian Empire contributed to the rapid assimilation and Russification. Already by the 19th century, Izhora villages differed little from the Russians, and as a result of resettlement in the Stalin era, they almost completely lost their national element. Today, numerous attempts are being made to preserve the Izhora people, but the number of native speakers is constantly falling, and with it the chances of survival.
The outskirts of St. Petersburg - the mouth of the Neva, the coast of the Gulf of Finland, as well as the Kingiseppsky, Volosovsky, Gatchinsky and Lomonosovsky districts were once inhabited by the now existing Vod tribe. True, the question of their root status remains open: some scientists see them as immigrants from Estonia, who came here in the first millennium BC, others - the original local population, whose ancestors settled these territories in the Neolithic era. The disputing parties agree on one thing - the Votes, both ethnically and linguistically, were closely related to the Estonian tribes living to the west.
One way or another, during the early Middle Ages, the Vod, along with the Izhora, were the indigenous inhabitants of Ingermanland. We know this mainly from archaeological cultures, since the first chronicle mentions of them refer only to the XI century, or rather to 1069. The chronicle tells how the Vodskaya army, together with the Polotsk prince, attacked Novgorod, obviously in order not to pay tribute to the city. And she lost, after which she fell into long-term dependence, first from Novgorod, then from the Moscow Principality, and in the troubled year of 1617 she completely ceded to Sweden. [C-BLOCK]
Almost a century later, the land at the mouth of the Neva changed owners again - Peter I was able to win a place for the Russian "window to Europe". True, the water itself did not "fit" into this project - during the construction of St. Petersburg, many indigenous people were exiled to Kazan, and their place was taken by Russian residents, which further accelerated assimilation.
Today, there are practically no ethnic leaders who position themselves as representatives of a small nation. According to the 2010 census, only 64 representatives of the Vod people still live in the places of their compact residence - the villages of Luzice and Krakolje. And small numbers are not the only problem. In the course of the active influence of Russian culture, they practically did not have anything original: the language, the speakers of which are becoming less and less, folklore, and some elements of material culture. Perhaps, that's all the national treasures of the ancient, but forgotten people.
Also known as veps, bepsya, lyudinikad, vepsline. We have little information about them. The historical area of their habitat is between Ladoga, Onega and White lakes. Their language belongs to the Finno-Ugric group, but from what people they stood out and where their historical homeland remains a big mystery for scientists. The process of separation, according to researchers, took place only in the second half of the 1st millennium AD. At least, the ancient Vepsian burial mounds date back to this period.
The first written evidence of the Vepsians is presumably found in the works of the Gothic historian Jordan, who in the 6th century talked about a certain tribe “you”. In the 10th century the Arab traveler Ibn Fadlan wrote about the Visu tribe, during the same period the historian Adam of Bremen in the Habsburg Chronicle mentions the Vespe people. [C-BLOCK]
In the Russian chronicles there is an ethnonym and a toponym "all", apparently denoting a land inhabited by various tribes and nationalities. According to some researchers, the Scandinavian travelers spoke of the Vepsians, describing the inhabitants of the mysterious country of Bjarmia. Vepsians disappear from the pages of Russian chronicles quite early, at the beginning of the 12th century. Despite this, this small nation exists to this day. By the way, his chances of survival are much higher than those of the Izhorians or the leaders. According to the chronicle of 2010, there were more than three thousand of its representatives living in the country.
