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In February 1945, a conference was held in Yalta, attended by representatives of countries that were part of the United Kingdom and the United States managed to achieve consent from the Soviet Union to take direct participation in the war with Japan. In exchange for this, they promised him to return the Kuril Islands and South Sakhalin, lost during the Russian-Japanese war of 1905.

Termination of the peace treaty

At the time, when a decision was made in Yalta, there was a so-called neutrality pact between Japan and the Soviet Union, which was concluded in 1941 and had to act within 5 years. But in April 1945, the USSR declared that he had a unilateral treaty. The Russian-Japanese War (1945), the reasons for which were that the country of the rising sun in recent years spent on the side of Germany, and also fought against the Allies of the USSR, it became almost inevitable.

Such a sudden statement in the literal sense was the leadership of Japan in full confusion. And this is understandable, because its position was very critical - the allies forces she was inflicted significant damage in the Pacific Ocean, and industrial centers and cities were subjected to practically continuous bombardments. The government of this country perfectly understood that it was almost impossible to achieve victory in such conditions. But still, it was still hoping for the fact that he would be able to somehow urge and achieve more favorable conditions for the surrender of his troops.

The United States, in turn, did not count on the fact that the victory would be easy for them. An example of this can serve battles that unfolded for Okinawa island. From the side of Japan, about 77 thousand people fought here, and from the United States approximately 470 thousand soldiers. In the end, the island was taken by the Americans, but their losses were simply astounding - almost 50 thousand killed. According to the Russian-Japanese war of 1945, the Russian-Japanese war began, briefly described in this article, the losses would be much more serious and could reach 1 million soldiers killed and wounded.

Announcement of the beginning of hostilities

On the eighth of August, in Moscow, the Ambassador of Japan in the USSR, at exactly 17 hours, a document was awarded. It said that the Russian-Japanese war begins (1945) actually the next day. But since there is a significant difference in time between the Far East and Moscow, it turned out that before the beginning of the offensive of the Soviet army, only 1 hour remained.

In the USSR, a plan was developed, consisting of three military operations: Kuril, Manchurian and South Sakhalin. All of them were very important. But still the most large-scale and significant was the Manchurian operation.

Forces side

On the territory of Manchuria, the Kwantung army was opposed, which commanded General Rodzo Yamada. It consisted of about 1 million people, more than 1 thousand tanks, about 6 thousand guns and 1.6 thousand aircraft.

At the time when the Russian-Japanese war of 1945 began, the USSR forces had a significant numerical vibrant advantage: only soldiers numbered one and a half times more. As for the technique, the number of mortars and artillery exceeded the similar enemy forces 10 times. The tanks and aircraft on our army were more than 5 and 3 times, respectively, rather than the relevant weapons from the Japanese. It should be noted that the superiority of the USSR over Japan in military equipment consisted not only in its number. The technique at the disposal of Russia was modern and more powerful than her opponent.

Enemy Strongs

All participants in the Russian-Japanese war of 1945 perfectly understood that sooner or later, but she had to start. That is why the Japanese created a significant number of well-fortified areas in advance. For example, you can take at least a Highlar district where the left flank of the Trans-Baikal Front of the Soviet Army was located. Burrification facilities on this site were built for more than 10 years. By the time the Russian-Japanese war began (1945, August), there were already 116 dollars, which were interconnected by underground strokes from concrete, a well-developed trench system and a significant amount of this area covered the Japanese soldiers whose number exceeded the divisional.

In order to suppress the resistance of the Highlard fortifications of the Soviet Army, I had to spend a few days. In the conditions of war, this is a short time, but during the same time the rest of the Trans-Baikal front advanced about 150 km. Given the scale that the Russian-Japanese war had (1945), an obstacle in the form of this fortification was quite serious. Even when his garrison surrendered, the Japanese warriors continued to fight with fanatical courage.

The reports of Soviet military leaders can very often see the mention of the soldiers of the Kwantong Army. The documents said that the Japanese military specifically faced themselves to the beds of machine guns so as not to have the slightest opportunity to retreat.

Bypass maneuver

The Russian-Japanese war of 1945 and the actions of the Soviet Army from the very beginning were very successful. I would like to note one outstanding operation, which was a 350-kilometer throw of the 6th tank army through the Hingan Range and the Gobi Desert. If you look at the mountains, they seem to be an insurmountable obstacle to the passage of technology. The passes that had to go through the Soviet tanks were located at a height of about 2 thousand m above sea level, and the slopes sometimes reached the steepness in 50⁰. That is why cars often had to drive Zigzag.

In addition, the promotion of the technique was also complicated by frequent storm rains, accompanied by rolling rivers and impassive mud. But, despite this, the tanks were still moving forward, and already on August 11, they overcame the mountains and reached the central manchu plain, in the rear of the Kwantung army. After such a large-scale transition, the Soviet troops began to experience an acute shortage of fuel, so it was necessary to establish its additional delivery by air. With the help of transport aviation, it was possible to smuggle about 900 tons of tank fuel. As a result of this operation, more than 200 thousand Japanese soldiers were captured, as well as a huge amount of technology, weapons and ammunition.

Height defenders acute

The Japanese war of 1945 continued. At the site of the 1st Far Eastern Front, Soviet troops faced unprecedented enemy fierce resistance. The Japanese fastened well at the heights of the camel and the acute, which were among the fortifications of the hot fortifications. It must be said that the approaches to these altitudes were cut off by a variety of small robusts and were very marshy. In addition, wire fences and dug-in escarps were located on their slopes. The firepoints of Japanese soldiers were cut in advance directly in the rock granite rock, and the concrete caps, protecting the feeding, reached thickness at one and a half meters.

During the fighting, the Soviet command suggested defenders acute to surrender. As a parliamentary, a person from among the locals was sent to the Japanese, but it was extremely severely cruel - he cut off the head of the commander of Stolongon himself. However, there was nothing surprising in this act. From the moment the Russian-Japanese war began (1945), the opponent did not fundamentally for any negotiations. When Soviet troops finally entered the strengthening, they discovered only dead soldiers. It is worth noting that the height defenders were not only men, but also women who were armed with daggers and grenades.

Features of hostilities

The Russian-Japanese war of 1945 had its own specific features. For example, in the battles of the city of Mudanjiang, the enemy used against parts of the Soviet army saboteurs-Kamikaze. These suicide bombers tied themselves with grenade and rushed under tanks or soldiers. There was such a case when there was about two hundred "living mines" on one side of the front to land next to each other. But such suicidal shares continued not long. Soon, Soviet soldiers became more vigilant and managed to destroy the saboteur in advance before he approaches close and explode next to the technique or people.

Surrender

The Russian-Japanese war of 1945 ended on August 15, when the Emperor of Hirokhito's Emperor addressed the radio to his people. He stated that the country decided to adopt the terms of the Potsdam Conference and Capitulate. At the same time, the emperor called on his nation to abide by the patience and combine all the forces to build a new future country.

After 3 days after the treatment of Hirokhito in the radio, the call of the command of the Kwantung Army to his soldiers was called. It said that further resistance is meaningless and there is already a decision on the surrender. Since many Japanese parts did not have connections with the main headquarters, their alert lasted a few more days. But there were such cases when fanatically customized servicemen did not want to submit to the orders and fold the weapons. Therefore, their war lasted until they died.

Effects

It must be said that the Russian-Japanese war of 1945 had truly not only military, but also political importance. I managed to completely defeat the strongest Kwantung army and complete the second world war. By the way, its official ending is considered to be September 2, when in Tokyo Gulf right on board Missouri Linkar, owned by the United States, was finally signed an act of surrender of Japan.

As a result, the Soviet Union returned the territories that were lost in 1905 - the group of islands and part of the southern smoked. Also, according to a peace treaty, signed in San Francisco, Japan refused any complaints and Sakhalin.

The compilers of the Japanese "History of War in the Pacific" note: "Starting from 1938, the Japanese-Soviet relations have worsened steadily." The fact is that from this time the help of the Soviet Union China has increased efficiently. It annoyed Japan. The army at the General Staff, the idea was formed about the proven to the Soviet military power, the main meaning of which was to clarify the readiness of the USSR to war with Japan. It was decided to test this attack on Soviet troops, mobilizing the nineteenth division of the Korean army, which directly submitted to the imperial rate. The idea was to apply a strong impact in order to prevent the USSR speech against Japan. The occupation of the Japanese army in the fall of 1931, Manchuria had an important impact on the subsequent development of Soviet-Japanese relations. The Soviet government understood that the release of the Japanese armed forces on the border of the USSR would increase the danger of a military collision with them. Therefore, it, on the one hand, condemned the Japanese aggression, on the other hand, it intensified its proposals to conclude a non-aggression pact, indicating that the absence of it does not indicate the intention of Tokyo to conduct peaceful policies. At that time, the USSR could not count on joint action with the West countries for unsubsive shares of Japan. Relations with the United Kingdom and France were tense, and the USA generally denied the USSR in diplomatic recognition. Alone to speak against Japan, the Soviet Union could not. In Tokyo, did not doubt the sincerity of the desire of the Soviet Union to conclude bilateral pact of nonsense. At the same time, Tokyo was taken into account that the conclusion of the Soviet-Japanese nonsense could sow from the Western powers of suspicions regarding the Japanese strategy on the continent, to encourage them to resist her further expansion in Central and South China. At the same time, at the end of 1932, Japan Hirohito's emperor approved the Army's General Stand for the preparation of the war against the USSR for 1933, which took into account the strategic position that changed after the capture of Manchuria: in the case of the Japanese occupation war, the extensive part of the Soviet territory east of Lake Baikal was subject to the Japanese occupation.

The question of war against the USSR was discussed in detail at the next meeting of the Japanese land forces held in June 1933. Since this program was difficult for 1936, it was difficult to resume negotiations with the USSR to conclude a non-aggression agreement. The main meaning of proposals of supporters of preparing for the future war with the Soviet Union was to be able to create a powerful military-economic base in Manchuria and conquer all China. Refusing to the USSR offered collective measures to curb Japanese intervders, Western powers sought to push the Soviet Union to an independent performance against Japan, referring to the fact that he is a neighbor of China. During the Brussels Conference, Western representatives explicitly stated in a provocative manner that "the best tool to make Japan a conspiracker would be to send several hundred Soviet aircraft to Cokio." It was obvious that the involvement of the USSR into the Japanese War was considered by Western powers as the best development of events, because it would mean the distraction of Japan from Central and South China. December 29, Chan Kaisi set the question of the direction of the Soviet military specialists, weapons, vehicles, artillery and other technical means to the Government of the Soviet Union. Despite the fact that the fulfillment of this request created the danger of worsening Soviet-Japanese relations, the Soviet leadership decided to provide direct assistance to the Chinese people.

The goals and objectives of the Japan War against the USSR were originally set out in the General Staff of the Army developed in August 1936. The basic principles of the Plan under the leadership of the war against the Soviet Union. " In it, in the case of the beginning of a big war from the USSR, it was envisaged at its first stage "to seize Primorye (the right coast of Ussuri and Amur) and Northern Sakhalin" and "to force the Soviet Union to agree with the construction of the Great Mongolian state." The operational plan of 1937 provided an offensive with three directions of Eastern, Northern and Western. The most important task was the rapid "destruction of the Trans-Siberian Railway in the Baikal region, in order to cut the main transport artery, connecting the European part of the USSR with Siberia." On July 29, Japanese troops, using a numerical advantage, invaded the territory of the USSR. The Soviet Army is a telegram in which he asked to "immediately start diplomatic negotiations," saying that the Japanese army has already demonstrated its power ... and, while there is a choice, you need to stop. " In favor of such a decision, it was also said that by following the order from Moscow, the part of a special Far Eastern army did not develop the offensive of the onset of Manchuria, demonstrating the desire to avoid expanding the conflict. In Moscow, it was known that the Japanese provocation in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hasan pursued first of all the goal of "Finding the USSR" and that the Japanese at the moment to a big war with the Soviet Union were not ready. Therefore, when, through the Embassy in Moscow, the Japanese government requested the cessation of hostilities, agreeing to the restoration of the disturbed border, the Soviet government considered it appropriate to respond positively. The victim defeat, the Japanese, however, partially achieved the objectives of the provocation demonstrated the Western powers to continue confrontation from the USSR and were convinced of the "desire of the Soviet government to avoid direct involvement of the Soviet Union into the Japanese War. According to the calculations of the Japanese leadership, the beginning of hostilities between Japan and the Soviet Union was to push Germany to an agreement with the Japanese position. On May 19, 1939, the Soviet government stated Japan a protest due to a gross violation of the border of the Allied MPR and demanded to stop military actions. Soviet troops were rush to the border, including the eleventh tank brigade. However, the Japanese command continued to implement a plan of a conceived operation.

Tension in Soviet-Japanese relations, which has reached the peak in the summer of 1939 during the conflict on the Khalkhin-goal River, weakened with the conclusion of the Soviet-German Covenant in August 1939, oriented on expansion in the southern direction, who had a clash with the United States, Japan was interested in stabilization relationships with the USSR. Such stabilization was possible either through the accession of the Soviet Union to the "Triple Covenant" or through a separate Soviet-Japanese agreement on the delimitation of spheres of influence in the area of \u200b\u200bdirect contact of the interests of Japan and the USSR by the type of what existed between the USSR and Germany. It was above all about Manchuria, Mongolia and the Zone of the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan. The Soviet-Japanese neutrality pact, however, did not quite correspond to these goals. First, he did not contain enough strong guarantees regarding the mutual refusal of the parties from unfriendly actions. Secondly, the mutual recognition of the interests of the USSR in Mongolia and Japan in Manyzhou was fixed by the Special Protocol in Mongolia and Japan in the Manyzhou-Guo, which was originally meant. Moreover, the parties were forced to agree to the signing of a neutrality treaty, and not a non-aggression Covery of Soviet-Germansky precisely because they could not agree on a number of key territorial issues. Nevertheless, the requirements proposed by Japan in 1941 amounted to the basis of the Soviet position on the territorial issue in 1945 with a territorial settlement with Japan. At the same time, having achieved from Tokyo recognition of its prevalence in Mongolia, the USSR received the opportunity to act more freely from its territory in relation to China. The associated agreement with the Government of Chan Kaisi, the Soviet Union supported China in its resistance to Japanese aggression. He provided China Credit, in which the tanks, airplanes, military equipment and fuel were supplied. However, after the start of the Soviet-German war, this assistance decreased.

The fundamental agreements regarding East Asia were reduced to the following. First, the USSR pledged to start a war against Japan no later than three months after the victory over Germany. Second, the United States and the United Kingdom recognized in the Far East the status quo in part concerning the existence of an external Mongolia as an education de facto independent of China. Thirdly, the unity of views was reached regarding the return of the South Sakhalin to the Soviet Union, the transfer of the Kuril Islands to him. At the same time, if the South Sakhalin was really acquired by Japan as a result of aggression during the Russian-Japanese war, the Kuril Islands entered the Japanese Empire long before the St. Petersburg Treatise of 1875 with Russia in exchange for Sakhalin Island. In this sense, the principle of depriving Japan territories acquired by the Allies could not be applied to them as a result of "violence and greed," as provided for by the Cairo Declaration. Fourthly, the United States and the United Kingdom recognized the need to restore the conditions for the participation of the USSR in the operation of railways in Manchuria "with the provision of preferential interests of the Soviet Union." This vague formulation caused a lot of disputes in the future. She allowed the Soviet side to expand to interpret Yalta agreements as recognition of the law of the USSR to restore the entire volume of rights and privileges, which was once used in the area of \u200b\u200bKazakhstan, despite the fact that the recreation of such a regime meant substantial exemptions from the sovereign rights of China in Manchuria, the restoration of which US And the United Kingdom guaranteed Chan Kaisha in Cairo.

There is no doubt that one of the main reasons for large-scale armed provocation in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hassan was the desire of the Japanese military to "eat" the Soviet leadership of the imperial army, to force him to revise its policy towards China, prevent the USSR's involvement in the Japanese War. At that time, the Japanese to the war from the USSR were not ready. August 3, 1938, the Resident of Soviet intelligence in Japan Richard Zorga handed over to Moscow: "... Japanese General Staff is interested in the war from the USSR not now, and later. Active actions on the border are undertaken by the Japanese to show the Soviet Union that Japan is still able to show its power. " In general, instead of the obligation to join the war against Japan, the USSR actually achieved his conditions to be adopted by the United States and Great Britain in full. At the same time, these conditions themselves were moderately than expected Western partners of the USSR, and China himself. The Soviet Union did not go beyond the requirements of Mongolia in the sphere of its influence and agreed to recognize the sovereignty of Chan Kaisha over Manchuria after the expulsion of the Japanese troops from there. On all over 1941-1945, the Soviet Union was forced to keep at least forty divisions on its Far Eastern borders. As long as continued to exist the second center of war and the aggression of the USSR imperialist Japan could not be considered secured by its safety in the Far East. The defeat of the fascist Germany and the unconditional surrender of its armed forces in May 1945, as well as the success of the Anglo-American troops in the Pacific Pool forced the Japanese government to begin preparation for defense.

On July 26, the USSR, the United States and China demanded a unconditional surrender from Japan. The requirement was rejected. On August 8, the USSR said that from the next day he considers himself in a state of war with Japan. By the time on the border with Manchuria, the troops were deployed from the Soviet-German Front. His main goal in the military campaign in the Far East of the USSR, determined the defeat of the basic drum force of Japan - the Quantong Army and the exemption from the Japanese invaders of the northeastern provinces of China (Manchuria) and North Korea. It was supposed to have a decisive effect on the acceleration of Japan's surrender and to ensure the defeat of Japanese troops on the southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. By the beginning of the offensive of the Soviet Armed Forces, the total number of strategic grouping of the land forces of Japan, located on the territory of Manchuria, Korea, on the southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, was 1.2 million people, about 1,200 tanks, 5400 guns and up to 1800 aircraft. For the defeat of the strong Kwantung Army in May-June 1945, the Soviet command to 40 divisions, which were in the Far East, additionally transferred 27 rifle divisions, seven rifle and tank brigades, 1 tank and 2 mechanized housings. As a result, the combat composition of the Red Army troops in the Far East increased almost twice, amounting to more than 1.5 million people, 26 thousand guns and mortars, more than 5,500 tanks and self-propelled artillery installations, about 3,800 combat aircraft. In hostilities against Militarist Japan, the ships of the Pacific Fleet were to participate.

The main forces of the Trans-Baikal Front (Commander Marshal R.Ya. Malinovsky) caused a blow from Transbaikal from the territory of the MTR in the general direction of Changchun and Mukden. The troops of this front had to reach the central districts of Northeast China, to pass anhydrous steppe, and then overcome the Hinghar mountain range. From the side of Primorye in the direction of Girin, the troops of the first Far Eastern Front (the commander of Marshal K.A. Meretkov) was occurring. This front went through the shortest direction to the connection with the main grouping of the Trans-Baikal Front. The second Far Eastern Front (Commander General M.A. Urkuryev), who came to the offensive in the Amur region, the Japanese troops opposing him should be attached to a number of directions, thereby contributing to the successful solution to the problem of surrounding the main forces of the Kwannun Army by the Trans-Baikalsky and the first Far Eastern Fronts. The actions of the land forces were to be actively supported by the blows of aviation and searates from the ships of the Pacific Fleet. At the same time, Soviet troops continued to release the northeastern regions of China and North Korea from the Japanese invaders. At the same time continued (up to September 1) the liberation of southern Sakhalin and Kuril Islands. By the end of August 1945, the disarmament of the Kwantung Army and the army of the Manyzhou puppet state, as well as the liberation of Manchuria, Liaodong Peninsula and North Korea to 38 parallels. Japan unconditionally capitulated. In Harbin's airfield, the headquarters of the Kwantunsky army, General H. Hat, who was particularly authorized by the Major Major Major Major Commissioner, presented with an ultimatum about the immediate surrender of the Kwantong Army. The atmosphere from Harbin was complicated by the fact that the troops of the first front of the Kwanten army had suffered here, and in the vicinity of the city, Taisintay's shock, sabotage groups and single fanatics were acted in the vicinity of the city. The main part of the Harbin enemy grouping was disarmed, but still remained and actively operated sabotage groups of suicide bonuses that cause considerable harm to Soviet troops. They revived the samurai tactics "Kessi" (willingness to die). This suicide tactics of Japanese suicide bombers experienced, and more than once, Soviet soldiers. Somehow the September day of 1945, patrolling the outskirts of Harbin on the armor "ThirtyDeighters", Semyon Sergeevich Rylov involuntarily drew attention to the big chapels of the Holyan bush. Rylov pushed the elbow sitting by a number of comrade, look, they say ... what was the surprise of paratroopers when the "bush" jumped on his feet, snatched a bunch of grenades and with a wild scream "Banzai !!!" Rushed to the tank. The automatic queues stopped the samurai just a few meters from the "thirty highways." The head of the dead, and not fulfilling his mission, was tied by a strip of white cloth with hieroglyphs applied on it.

Marine paratroopers have become more encountered with Japanese suicides. Those tried with cold weapons to destroy our officers of the highest command staff, sneak into groups of soldiers and officers in order to undermine themselves in the crowd, having rugged explosives and grenades, rushed under tanks and cars, but thanks to the vigilance and high professionalism of paratroopers, samurai did not manage to fulfill their mission. The military campaign of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Far East was a victoriously completed. On September 2, 1945, on board the American Linkar "Missouri", which was in the waters of the Tokyo Bay, the act of the surrender of Japan was signed. Representatives of the United States, China, Great Britain and the USSR, as well as Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands and New Zealand, were installed on the Signature Allies. As a result of the victory of the USSR over the parts of the Japanese Quantong Army, Japan returned the South Sakhalin Soviet Union. Kuril Islands also moved to the USSR. American occupying troops remained in Japan.

The Tokyo Process over the main Japanese military criminals was held in Tokyo from May 3, 1946 to 12 November 1948 in the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, established on January 19, 1946 in accordance with the Agreement between the Governments of the USSR, USA, Great Britain and a number of other countries that took Participation in the war with Japan. The former prime ministers, ministers, ambassadors, representatives of the highest General General of the Japanese Army (only 28 people) were betrayed by the court. In the sentence in the case of Japanese war criminals, it was noted that the external and internal policies of Japan were aimed at the preparation and unleashing of aggressive wars. Japanese militarists in conjunction with Hitler's Germany and Fascist Italy sought to conquer world domination, enslavement of the peoples of China, the USSR, the USA, the United Kingdom and other states. A special place in these plans was held by the seizure of the Far Eastern Territories of the USSR. The Tokyo Process, as well as Nuremberg's preceding him, condemned not only specific persons, but also aggression as the greatest crime was essential for approval of the principles and norms of international law. Agreements in Yalta were secret.

Thus The Kwantung army was attacked on land, from the air and the sea in all the huge five thousandths of the border with Manchuria and on the coast of North Korea. Already on the sixth day of the offensive, to Exodus on August 14, 1945, the Trans-Baikal and the first Far Eastern Fronts advanced ongoing Manchuria by 150-500 km, and they went to the main military political and industrial centers. In the face of an imminent lesion, that on August 14, the Japanese government decided to capitulate. However, despite this, the Kwantung army continued to resist resistance, as despite the message of the Japanese emperor about the surrender, the order of the Command of the Kwantung Army on the cessation of hostilities was never given. Nevertheless, in response to the demands of the Soviet command of the surrender of Japanese troops in Manchuria, from August 19, part of the Kwantung Army still stopped the fighting and started passing weapons.

Sino-Soviet flight crew. Photo from the author's archive

Russian troops solemn march will be held on Tiananmen Square for the first time for the centuries-old history of Russian-Chinese, Soviet-Chinese and again Russian-Chinese relations. It will happen on September 3, 2015 in honor of the completion of the Second World War, the Great Patriotic War - and in honor of the victory in the war of the resistance of the Chinese people by Japanese invaders.

We know very little about the participation of China in World War II. Few people wondered for what merits China became among the five states winners who established the United Nations, and became one of the five permanent members of the Security Council. Many few people know that China before other great powers entered the second world war and brought the greatest victims in the name of the overall victory.

Our weak awareness of these facts can be explained by a series of reasons. We ourselves began to restore the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War only in the mid-60s, when the grave of an unknown soldier appeared in Moscow, when they began to put in order countless fraternal burials from Volga to Oder, when the anniversary medals began to be minted and opening memorials in the field of battles.

Our relationship with China at that time could already be called the Cold War, and it is clear that the events related to this country during the Second World War could not be in focus of attention. Yes, and in China itself, there were years of the beginning of the cultural revolution, which for a decade immersed the country into political chaos and economic collapse. But with the beginning of the course on "reforms and openness", the feats of Chinese fighters remained in the shadows. Whether the leadership of the country had more serious concerns, and Japanese capital and technologies were very important. The role of 1937-1945 also played the role of 1937-1945, and armed groups of both the Communist Party, headed by Mao Zedong, and the troops of the Homintang under the command of Chan Kaisha, and the winners were very difficult to divide the laurels.

Be that as it may, about the genuine scale of China's participation in the Second World War and the general victory of the anti-Hitler coalition, we did not start recalling even at the new stage of the rapprochement of Russia and China. At the celebrations of 2010, the chairman of the People's Republic of China Hu Jintao was present at the Tribune among the world leaders, but among foreign divisions - from America to Turkmenistan - there were no Chinese. Already then in a number of publications, including in the "Independent Gazeta", a bewilderment was expressed about the "lack of presence" of China in military celebrations. Published a year ago in the main newspaper PRC "Guenmin Zibao" My article with everything with the same perplexity caused a lot of responses and laid the beginning of the discussion in the Chinese blogosphere.

The growth of national self-consciousness against the background of economic success, the increasingly patriotic and active course of the new leadership in Beijing led to the revision of the relations to the events of 1930-1940. Last year, the Day of Victory in the War of Resistance to the Chinese people by Japanese invaders was established in the People's Republic of China - September 3. At Tiananmen Square this year, the Victory Parade will be held, world leaders will be attended on the stands. President of Russia confirmed his participation, the US president is expected.

World War I began on the outskirts of Beijing

More and more historians agree that the Second World War began on September 1, 1939, and two years earlier - July 7, 1937. On that day, the japanese troops hosted in the vicinity of Beijing provoked a collision with Chinese parts. By that time, Japan and Germany have already entered into an anti-bonding pact (November 25, 1936). Germany fought in Spain on the side of Franco. The Japanese Kwantung Army has been commissioned in the northeast of China for six years, where in 1931 the puppet state of the Manzhou-goa was created. So on July 7, 1937, the actions of the anti-communist bloc acquired an intercontinental, global scale.

Why did Japanese troops be on the outskirts of Baipin, as Beijing was called then? The undeclared war of Japan against China began in 1931, and by 1937, not only Manchuria, but also the province of Northern China under the control of the imperial army was under the control of the imperial army. Having created a huge bridgehead on Chinese land, tightening the reserves and enjoying the support of Germany, the Japanese decided to start a new stage of aggression.

Immediately after provocation on July 7, in the town of Wanpin, entered in history as "events on the Marko Polo Bridge", the Japanese troops switched to a wide offensive and until the end of July seized Beijing and Tianjin. At that time, the West countries, still hoping to push Japan with the Soviet Union, took an expectant position, refused to even condemn the aggressor. Only the Soviet Union came to the help of China.

On August 21, 1937, an aggression agreement was signed between the Soviet Union and the Republic of China for a period of five years. Thus, existing de facto international isolation of China was broken. The Chinese government was provided with loans in the amount of $ 450 million. In the first four years of War, China received through the Soviet Central Asia of 1250 aircraft, 1140 artillery guns, 82 new tank T-26, 9720 machine guns, 110 thousand rifles, other weapons, gear, ammunition . In the spring of 1938, the direct participation of Soviet military specialists and instructors began in the development of operations plans, as well as in hostilities. Among the advisers were the future marshals of Chuikov, Fishing and Batitsky, Generals Blagoveshchensky, Anisimov, Zhigarev, Polunin, Ryta, Supil, Levers, Thaor, Khryukin, and others. With the Japanese pilots, 2 thousand Soviet volunteers' pilots were fighting, every 10th of them He died in battles. 14 Soviet soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

For the Soviet Union, then already involved in the civil war in Spain, it was another front of opposition to the countries of the Anti-Comintern Covenant. In the invaluable help, China was the operation of the Red Army in 1938 at the Soviet-Manchur border in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hassan and even larger fighting battles in 1939 on the border of Mongolia with Manzhou in the Khalkhin Gol River. Our troops commanded the future Marshal of Zhukov.

Many historians, including American and Japanese, believe that it is these defeats that the Kwantung Army in the "undeclared war" with the Soviet Union became one of the reasons for the decision of the High Command in Tokyo to refrain from applying the main strategic strike in the north of the continent and pushed it to the development " southern march. " Tightening the attack on the USSR, which Berlin was particularly persistently sought from Tokyo with the beginning of the implementation of the Barbaross Plan, explained by another reason. The successes of the Imperial Army in 1937-1941 were given, as they say, not easy.

Bite off does not mean eat

By the end of 1937, the Japanese took Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing and dozens of other cities in the most populated and economically developed areas of Northern and Central China. The Japanese command initially planned to take all China for three months. Yes, the National Army of China retreated. However, the Chinese sometimes showed the wonders of perseverance. The fierce battles unfolded on August 13 for Shanghai, about 280 thousand Japanese soldiers participated in them, as well as large forces of the Air Force and Navy. The Chinese commander of Chan Kaisha sent the best divisions, trained and armed Germany before the creation of the Anti-Comintern Covenant. The defense of Shanghai lasted three months, the losses of the aggressors exceeded 40 thousand soldiers and officers. However, on November 12, Chinese troops left Shanghai, and a month later - Nanjing, who then carried out the functions of the capital of the Republic of China.

Failures continued in 1938. Lost large cities of Xuzhou and Kaifeng were lost. On October 21, the Japanese landing seized the most important port of South China Guangzhou (Canton). The main battle of the year was the defense of the major city of Wuhan on a strategically important river Yangtze, who lasted four and a half months. 250 thousand Japanese was opposed by a million Chinese soldiers and officers, units of the Air Force and Navy participated in the battles on both sides. It was in the battles for Wuhan for the first time the Soviet volunteers pilot appeared, who quickly deprived the Japanese overwhelming superiority in the air. As part of mixed Soviet-Chinese combat groups, our pilots destroyed 78 Japanese aircraft in the sky over Wuhan, 23 large martial vessels were sinking, including aircraft carrier. Wuhan kept for more than four months, but on October 25 he was taken.

From time to time, it was possible to apply other sensitive blows from time to time: September 25, 1937 The Division of the Communist 8th Army in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Pinsinguan Outpathy on the Great Wall destroyed over a thousand soldiers of the selected division of General Ithagaki.

Capturing the price of considerable losses of the densely populated and economically developed areas of the Northern, Central and South China, the Japanese faced the problem of establishing effective control. The stretched lines of the front and communications on which the communist partisans operated, the stubborn resistance of some Chinese compounds, the lack of food and equipment was pulled by the forces of the imperial army and forced it after taking Uhang and Guangzhou to move to "strategic defense". The Japanese command temporarily stopped large-scale operations and was forced to focus on fighting partisans.

By the end of 1938, according to Chinese historians, "Japan used more than 70% of its forces in the counterpartizan operations in the North-East, the North, the Center and in the south of China. At the beginning of the Pacific War, Japan had 2.1 million soldiers, of which 1.4 million were in the Chinese Theater and 400 thousand fought on the expanses of the Pacific Theater. Thus, one Chinese nation took over three times more common enemies than 10 nations led by the United States. "

China in the main role in the Pacific Theater

The Pacific Theater of the Second World War was finally formed after the Attack of the Japanese on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. By that time, almost two thirds of the Japanese ground forces were connected to the fronts and in China's rear. However, the remaining third was enough for Blitzkrieg in the countries of the Southern Seas. From December 8 to December 25, the blockade of Hong Kong lasted, completed the passage of the large English garrison. Several days went to the defeat of the British troops in Malaya. Six days later Singapore, the "impregnable fortress" of Great Britain, where 70 thousand Britons and Australians surrendered. In the Dutch East India (Indonesia), the resistance to the Japanese continued for about two months, from January 11 to March 2. About four months it took to defeat the American troops in the Philippines, then the colony of the United States. After the last day of resistance, the Union with Japan concluded Thailand. On March 8, the landing of the Japanese captured the capital of British Burma Rangoon, and to May they controlled almost the whole country. None of the colonies were able to hold out longer than Shanghai, Wuhan and some other Chinese cities.

The digestion of the vast regions of China poins the connection of the Imperial Army, and the fighting in the countries of the Southern Seas and the following occupation noticeably stretched communication, demanded new troops to control the captured territories. This reality, as well as memories of failures on Lake Hassan and the Khalkhin-goer river, forced Tokyo to abandon the fulfillment of allied debt in front of Germany in the most difficult for us the first months of war.

Despite the requirements of Berlin, Tokyo generally observed the provisions of the Japanese-Soviet Treaty on neutrality concluded on April 13, 1941. Appointed on August 29, 1941, the blow to the Soviet Far East was not applied. At the meeting at the emperor's bet, it was decided to postpone the attack before the "Completion of the Chinese Incident", as a modestly called war against China modestly. It would be scary to even think how the course of the war would have formed for our country, if I had to lead the war on two fronts ... Most likely it did not have a large extent thanks to the Chinese second front, which acquired practical value for Moscow much earlier than the one that Much later opened in Europe.

However, China has played an important role in operations that the US Armed Forces and the remnants of the British troops led at the Pacific Theater. Announces the war of Germany shortly after its attack on the Soviet Union and Japan after the attack on American Pearl Harbor (for five years, the fighting of Chinese and the Japanese was conducted without a formal declaration of war), China officially became a participant in World War II. In the spring of 1942, the allies have formed a joint command of the Chinese military zone, where in addition to China itself, Vietnam, Burma and Thailand were entered. The commander-in-chief became Chan Kaishi. The major Chinese expedition building has advanced from Yunnan's province to Western and Northern Burma areas to help surrounded by English troops.

Controlled by government troops and armed forces of the Communist Party, China's areas had strategic and tactical importance for the USSR, the United States and other allies on the anti-Hitler coalition. In the same way, the vast areas of China occupied by the Japanese played the role of the strategic rear of the Imperial Army, operating in the countries of the Southern Seas. For the sake of reduction of the territory of free China, the Japanese in 1941-1942 conducted a number of punitive operations.

The total population of the supporting AntsAppon bases of the Communist Party has decreased in 1942 by half a comparison with 100 million people in 1940. It was not easy and had to hold the main front of the regular parts of the homindan. Their successful confrontation in the city of Changsha in the south of China In the late 1941st - early 1942, the 100,000 enemy's troops was accompanied by failures in other sections of the front. The Japanese in the spring of 1944 began a large-scale "Operation No. 1". 500 thousand soldiers caused a series of strong blows in Chinese positions. Extensive territories around the major cities of Zhengzhou in Central China, Guilin in the south and Changsha in the southern province of Hunan were occupied. The beautiful 700 thousand city of Guilin was burned down her dot.

Moscow pays bills

By May 1945, the strategic situation of government armed forces and the Communist Party's troops was clearly not in favor of China. The Japanese army controlled the wide range along the entire sea coast, where the lion's share of the Chinese population and industry was concentrated. The Government of the Republic of China was in evacuation in the southwest in the hard-to-reach Mountain Province of Sichuan. Chinese divisions, as well as the regular and partisan formations of the Communist Party conducted heavy battles in the Northern, Central and South China, within the framework of the Antyppon Front. For all of them, little changed the capitulation of Germany and even the successes of American troops in the Pacific Islands, storming Okinawa and the prospect of landing on the Japanese islands. The fact is that there was another, "Spare Japan".

The Japanese created in China, in Manchuria, powerful industrial and agricultural bases that can provide troops even in case of loss of communication with the metropolis. There, there was essentially "the second Japan", with extensive agricultural land, rich community resources, developed industry and transport. The command of the Kwantung Army developed a long-term plan for the economic development of Manzhou-th, on the basis of which in 1937 the first five-year plan was adopted, and in 1941 second. The "industrial colony" was created. A high level of capital investments from the Japanese treasury was provided, from the metropolis, the latest industrial and transport equipment was imported. The priority was heavy industry, black and non-ferrous metallurgy quickly developed, the production of equipment and machines, cars and locomotives, tanks and aircraft were expanded.

The situation in the root changed for China has changed after the Soviet Union entry into the war against Japan on August 8, 1945. The rapid promotion of the Red Army in Northeast China, which was defeated by the Kwantung Army, deprived of hope for survival not only her command, but also a bet of the imperial army in Tokyo. On August 15, the "son of the sky" announced a unconditional surrender, and on September 2, on board the American Linkar "Missouri" in the presence of representatives of the anti-Hitler coalition countries, including China, relevant documents were signed.

There are different assessments of China's strategic contribution to the victory of the Allian. But the indisputable fact is that, despite the unbearable opponents of the opposition, he did not capitulate following the example of France. He resisted Japan for eight years (if believed even from 1937, although in fact, in fact, China became a victim of aggression in 1931). All these years, China was throwing hundreds of thousands of Japanese soldiers who could attack the Soviet Far East, to capture Australia, India, to reach Iran and the Arab land. For the Soviet Union of the Trench of the Sino-Japanese War, the second front was actually operating, the opening of which in the West Moscow sought from Americans and the British.

From 1931 to 1945, China's losses were assessed by Western historians, 4 million soldiers and officers, 16 million civilians. Announced several years ago, the official Chinese assessment of military and civil victims is more than 35 million.

And on September 3, Russian soldiers will be held along Tiananmen Square. The great merits of our peoples in the defeat of the forces of fascism and militarism are not forgotten ...

This may seem strange, but for Russia today II World War is not yet fully completed. The country has a peace treaty with one of the countries of the aggressive block. The reason is territorial issues.

This country is the Japanese Empire, the territory - the southern chickens (they are now at all for hearing). But really, it was precisely two great countries so did not shake, what were involved in the sake of these sea rocks in the world slaughter?

No, naturally. The Soviet-Japanese war (it is correct to talk correctly, since in 1945 Russia did not act as a separate subject of international politics, acting solely as the main one, but still only the component of the USSR) had deep reasons that appeared far from 1945. And no one then did not think that the "Kuril Question" will defier so long. Briefly about the Russian-Japanese war of 1945 will be told the reader in the article.

5 Circles

The reasons for the militarization of the Japanese empire at the beginning of the twentieth century are understandable - rapid industrial development, conjugate with territorial and resource limitations. The country needed food, coal, metal. All this was near the neighbors. But they simply didn't want to share, and no one has yet believed the war at the time that there is an invalid way to solve international issues.

The first attempt was carried out in 1904-1905. Russia then disgraced disgraced with a tiny, but disciplined and cohesive island, having lost his port Arthur in the Portsmouth World (everyone heard about him) and the southern part of Sakhalin. Yes, and that, so small losses have become only possible thanks to the diplomatic talents of the future Prime Minister S. Yu. Witte (at least it was nicknamed for this "Graph Polishhalinsky", the fact remains a fact).

In the 20th years in the country of the rising sun printed the cards, called "5 circles of the national interests of Japan". There, different colors in the form of stylized concentric rings were designated territories that the ruling circles of the country were considered to be correct and attached. These circles were captured, including almost the entire Asian part of the USSR.

Three tankers

In the late 1930s, Japan has already successfully leading the grip wars in Korea and China, "tried for strength" and the USSR. There were conflicts in the Khalkhin-goal area and on Lake Hasan.

It turned out bad. Far Eastern conflicts marked the beginning of a brilliant career of the future "Marshal Victory" G. K. Zhukova, and all the USSR sang a song about three tankers from the shores of Amur, where there was a phrase about samurai under the head of Steel and Fire (later it was redone, but the initial version is such) .

Although Japan stailed with its allies the distribution of future spheres of influence within the framework of the Anti-Comintern Covenant (here is also the "axis Berlin - Rome - Tokyo", although it takes a rich imagination to understand how the axis looks like in the understanding of the author), it did not indicate when it was Each party should take its own.

The Japanese authorities did not consider themselves so related obligations, and the events in the Far East showed them that the USSR - the opponent is dangerous. Therefore, in 1940, a neutrality agreement was concluded between the two countries, and in 1941, when Germany attacked the USSR, Japan preferred to engage in Pacific issues.

Allian debt

But the USSR also did not have much respect to the treaties, therefore, in the framework of the anti-Hitler coalition, conversations immediately began to join the war with Japan (the United States was shocked by Pearl Harbor, and England was afraid for their colonies in South Asia). During the Tehran Conference (1943), a preliminary agreement was reached on the USSR accession to the War in the Far East after the defeat of Germany in Europe. The final decision was made during the Yalta Conference when it was stated that the USSR will declare the war of Japan no later than 3 months after the defeat of Hitler.

But the USSR was managed not philanthropists. The country's leadership had their own interest in this matter, and not only assisted allies. For participation in the war, they were promised to return Port Arthur, Harbin, South Sakhalin and Kuril Ridge (transmitted by Japan under the Treaty of the Tsarist Government).

Atomic blackmail

There was another good reason for the Soviet-Japanese war. By the time of the end of the war in Europe, it was already clear that the anti-Hitler coalition was fragile, so soon the allies will turn into enemies. At the same time, in China, the Red Army "Comrade Mao" fought fearlessly. The relationship between him and Stalin is a difficult question, but there was not to ambitions, since it was a great deal of the opportunity to expand the space controlled by communists at the expense of China. It was necessary for this a little - defeat the almost Million Kwantung Japanese army, which was standing in Manchuria.

The United States to fight the Japanese face to face the desire was not burning. Although the technical and numerical superiority allowed them to win a low price (an example - landing on Okinawa in the spring of 1945), but the military samurai morals were very frightened by the spoiled Yankees. The Japanese equally coldly cut off the swords of the head by the captive American officers and did Harakiri. On Okinawa there were almost 200 thousand dead Japanese, and the units of prisoners - officers of the spells of their belly, ordinary and local residents were treated, but nobody wanted to surrender to the mercy of the winner. Yes, and the famous Kamikadze took, rather, moral influence - the goals they reached not very often.

Therefore, the United States went to another - atomic blackmail. In Hiroshima and Nagasaki there was not a single military. Atomic bombs destroyed 380 thousand (in total) civilians. Atomic "scarecrow" was to restrain the Soviet ambitions.

Understanding that Japan inevitably capitulates, many Western leaders have already regretted that the USSR was inserted into the Japanese question.

Marsh throw

But in the USSR, at that time, blackmails were not categorically loved. The country denounced the neutrality pact and announced Japan's war exactly on time - August 8, 1945 (accurate 3 months after the defeat of Germany). It has already been known not only about successful atomic trials, but also about the fate of Hiroshima.

Before that, a serious preparatory work was carried out. Since 1940, a Far Eastern Front existed, but he did not led the fighting. After the defeat of Hitler, the USSR carried out a unique maneuver - on the only railway line of the Transsib, throughout May, July, 39 brigades and divisions were transferred from Europe (tank and 3 general army), which was about half a million people, more than 7,000 guns and more than 2000 tanks. It was an incredible indicator of moving in such a short time and in such unfavorable conditions of such a number of people and techniques on such a distance.

The command was also selected worthy. General management carried out Marshal A. M. Vasilevsky. And the main blow to the Quantong Army was supposed to apply R. Ya. Malinovsky. Mongolian parts fought from the USSR in alliance.

Superiority is different

As a result of the successful transformation of the USSR troops, reached an unambiguous superiority over the Japanese in the Far East. The Kwantung Army consisted of about 1 million soldiers (rather, somewhat smaller, since there was nocomplex in parts) and was provided with equipment and ammunition. But the technique was obsolete (if compared with the Soviet, then a pre-war sample), and among the soldiers there were many recruits, as well as forcibly designed representatives of conquered peoples.

The USSR, connecting the forces of the Trans-Baikal Front and the arrived parts, could set up to 1.5 million people. And most of them were experienced, challenged front-line women, who passed the Crimea and Rome on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Suffice it to say that 3 management and 3 divisions of the NKVD troops took part in the hostilities. And only the victims of the "exposure" articles of the 90s may assume that these parts could only shoot the wounded, trying to go to the rear or suspect honest people in betrayal. Everything happened, of course, but ... for NKvedists there were no progressants - they themselves never retreated. These were very combatable, perfectly trained troops.

Take pincers

This aviation term is best characterized by a strategic plan called Manchurian Operation R. Ya. Malinovsky in defeating the Kwantung Army. It was assumed that a simultaneous very powerful blow in several directions would be applied, which will allow demoralize and split the enemy.

So it was. The Japanese General Osudzo Yamada was amazed when it turned out that the Guards of the 6th Tank Army are able to overcome Gobi and Big Hinghan for 3 days, coming from the territory of Mongolia. The mountains were cool, and the rainy season spoiled the road and brought mountain rivers out of the banks. But Soviet tankers capable of almost carrying their cars on their hands through Belarusian swamps during the operation of Bagration, could not prevent any streams and rains!

At the same time, strikes from Primorye and from the Amur region and Ussuri were applied. So the Manchurian operation was carried out - the main thing in the whole Japanese campaign.

8 days, showed the Far East

It is so much (from 12 to 20 August) took the main fighting of the Russian-Japanese War (1945). A terrible simultaneous blow of three fronts (in some sections by Soviet troops, in one day, it was possible to move more than 100 km!) Since the Kwanantic army was split, deprived it of communication, demoralized. The Pacific Fleet interrupted the message of the Kwantung Army with Japan, it was lost the opportunity to get help and even limited contacts in general (there was a minus - many groups of soldiers of the army were not at all at all at all that they were given to capitulate). The mass desertion of recruits and called for violence began; Officers commit suicide. The "Emperor" of the puppet state of the Manchou-Pu Pu and General Osudzo fell into captivity.

In turn, the USSR perfectly established the supply of its parts. Although it was possible to exercise almost only with the help of aviation (huge distances and lack of normal roads), but transport heavy aircraft coped perfectly with the task. Soviet troops occupied huge territories in China, as well as the North Korea (current DPRK). August 15, Hirokhito, Emperor of Japan, announced a radio about the need for surrender. The Kwantung Army received an order only on the 20th. But even before on September 10, some detachments continued to be hopeless resistance, seeking to die unresponsible.

The events of the Soviet-Japanese war continued to develop a rapid pace. Simultaneously with the actions on the continent, steps took place to defeat Japanese garrisons on the islands. The 2nd Far Eastern Front on August 11 began an action in southern Sakhalin. The main task was the seizure of the cotton fortified district. Although the Japanese blew up a bridge, seeking to prevent the breakthrough of tanks, it did not help - to guide the temporary crossing from the subwoofers, the Soviet soldiers took only one night. Especially distinguished in battles for Strejunion Batthana Captain L. V. Smirny. He died in the same place, having received the posthumous title of Hero of the Soviet Union. At the same time, the ships of the Northokeaan flotilla set out the landings to the largest ports in the south of the island.

Strevilion was captured on August 17th. The capitulation of Japan (1945) occurred on the 25th, after the last successful landing in the port of Korsakov. From him they tried to export valuable things to their homeland. All Sakhalin turned out to be controlled by the USSR.

However, the South Sakhalin surgery of 1945 was somewhat slower than the Wasilevsky Marshal planned. As a result, the landing of the landing on Hokkaido Island and his occupation, which orders were given by the Marshal on August 18.

Kuril landing operation

By landing off marine assaults, the islands of the Curil Ridge were also captured. The Kuril landing operation lasted from August 18 to September 1. At the same time, actually battles were carried out only for the northern islands, although military garrisons were at all. But after the fierce battles behind the island, the commander of the Japanese troops on the Curilah Fusaki Tsutumi agreed to capitulate and surrendered to himself. After that, the Soviet paratroopers no longer met on the islands of any significant resistance.

On August 23-24, there were exercises of northern smokers, from the 22nd, the occupation began and the southern islands. In all cases, for this purpose, the Soviet command allocated landing parts, but more often the Japanese surrendered without a fight. The greatest strengths were allocated to occupy the island of Kunashir (this name is now hearing), since it was decided to create a military base. But Kunashir also surrendered to actually without a fight. Several small garrisons managed to evacuate home.

Linkor "Missouri"

And on September 2, on board the American linear ship Missouri, the final surrender of Japan was signed (1945). This fact marked the end of the II World War (not to be confused with the Great Patriotic!). The USSR at the ceremony was represented by General K. Derevko.

Small blood

For such a large-scale event, the Russian-Japanese war of 1945 (briefly about it you learned from the article) it cost the USSR inexpensive. Only the number of victims is estimated at 36.5 thousand people, of whom the dead - a little more than 21 thousand.

The losses in the Soviet-Japanese war war were larger. They had more than 80 thousand dead, more than 600 thousand were captured. Approximately 60 thousand prisoners died, the rest almost all were repatriated before the signing of the San Francis world. First of all, those soldiers of the Japanese army were sent to their homeland, who was not a Japanese by nationality. The exceptions were the participants of the Russian-Japanese war of 1945, which were caught in war crimes. Much of them was transferred to China, and it was for what - with the participants of Chinese resistance or at least suspects in this conquerors were repent of medieval cruelty. Later in China, this topic was disclosed in the legendary film "Red Galyan".

The disproportionative ratio of losses in the Russian-Japanese war (1945) is explained by the unambiguous superiority of the USSR in the technical equipment and level of preparation of soldiers. Yes, the Japanese sometimes had fierce resistance. At the height of acute (Hotwowstone), the garrison fought until the last cartridge; The survivors committed suicide, no prisoner was not taken. Summerly bombers were met that they rushed with grenades under tanks or a group of Soviet soldiers.

But they did not take into account that they did not deal with the Americans, very afraid to die. Soviet fighters themselves knew how to close the ambrusuras, and they were not easy to scare them. Very soon they learned to detect and neutralize such kamikaze.

Dolo Portsmouth Shame

As a result of the Soviet-Japanese war of 1945, the USSR got rid of the shame of the Portsmouth world, which completed the hostilities of 1904-1905. He again owned the entire Kuril Grocery and all Sakhalin. It turned to the USSR and the Quantum Peninsula (this territory was submitted under the contract then China after the proclamation of the PRC).

What else in our history of the Soviet-Japanese war? I contributed to the victory in it and the dissemination of the communist ideology, and so successfully that the result survived its creator. The USSR no longer exists, and the PRC and the DPRK - quite, and do not get tired to hit the world with their economic accomplishments and military power.

Unfinished war

But the most interesting thing is that the war with Japan for Russia is still not finished! The peace treaty between the two states does not exist to this day, and today's problems around the status of the Kuril Islands are direct consequence.

The general peace treaty was signed in 1951 in San Francisco, but there was no signature of the USSR. The reason was just the Kuril Islands.

The fact is that in the text of the contract it was indicated that Japan refuses them, but it was not said to whom they should belong. It immediately created the grounds for future conflicts, and for this reason, the Soviet representatives did not sign the contract.

However, it was impossible to be always in a state of war, and in 1956, two countries signed a declaration of such a state in Moscow. Based on this document between them, there are diplomatic and economic relations. But the declaration of termination of the state of war is not a peace treaty. That is, the situation again has half!

The declaration indicated that the USSR after the conclusion of a peace treaty agreed to transfer the back of Japan several islands of Kuril Rud. But the Japanese government immediately began to demand the southern chickens completely!

This story lasts to this day. Russia continues her as the adviser of the USSR.

In 2012, the head of one of the Japanese prefectures, strongly affected by the tsunami, in gratitude for Russian assistance in the elimination of disaster consequences presented the President of V. V. Putin a purebred puppy. In response, the President presented the prefect of a large Siberian cat. The cat now almost consists in salary in the office of the prefect, and all employees adore him and respect.

This cat is called the world. Maybe he can climb mutual understanding to two great states. Because the war must end, and after them it is necessary to conclude the world.

The Far Eastern grouping of Soviet troops in the period of the Great Patriotic War consisted of ground forces, air force, navy and air defense forces of the country. Organizationally, they were part of the Far Eastern and Transbaikal fronts. Pacific fleet, red-known Amur military flotilla. Far Eastern and Transbaikal zones of the country's territory. The protection of the land and sea borders carried border troops.

The bid of the Supreme Commander, taking into account the real danger of aggression by imperialist Japan, during the almost all of the war was forced to hold in the Far East from 32 to 59 settlement divisions of the ground forces, from 10 to 29 aviation divisions and up to 6 divisions and 4 brigades of military air defense systems The total number of more than 1 million soldiers and officers, 8 - 16 thousand guns and mortars, over 2 thousand tanks and SAU, from 3 to 4 thousand combat aircraft and more than 100 combat ships of the main classes. In total, this was within different periods of war from 15 to 30 percent of the combat forces and funds of all Soviet Armed Forces (475). The combat and numerical composition of the Far Eastern group in 1941-1945 Showing tables 5 and 7.

Table 6. The combat composition of Soviet troops in the Far East in 1941-1945 (476)