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Maternity capital is one of the most accessible forms of state support for large families. It is a certificate or personalized document that can be used only once in a lifetime for purposes strictly established by law. If the family has previously used the funds, they will not be able to claim them again. Today, a certificate can be used for completely different purposes, depending on the age of the children born or adopted, for the maintenance of which it was issued.

Thousands of large families across the country receive financial incentives every year, but since January 1, 2019, this program has undergone significant changes regarding the purposes of using the funds. About what exactly you can spend maternity capital, our article will tell.

How can funds be used

Maternity capital, as a way of state assistance, is issued not at the whim of parents, but in order to ensure the well-being of their children. It is for this reason that the amount of the certificate is prohibited from cashing out. Another important condition that all parents of large families should not forget about is only the state has the right to decide how exactly this money can be used.

In addition, you can dispose of all the funds at once or spend them in parts for different needs. It is only important that all of them be indicated in the application for maternity capital, which is submitted to the pension fund with all related documents.

In accordance with applicable law, capital funds in 2019 can be used for the following purposes:

• To improve living conditions;
• To pay for educational services for children;
• For the mother's funded pension;
• To pay for kindergarten;
• For goods and services for children with disabilities.

Buying a home or building a house

The most popular way to spend maternity capital funds is still improving housing conditions. Most of all these funds are traditionally used to purchase real estate. You can use capital for this purpose both in transactions with secondary housing and in participation in shared construction. You can spend the funds, including paying off a mortgage loan, which will certainly be a promising solution - you do not have to wait until your child is 3 years old.

However, any procedure related to the improvement of living conditions with the help of mat capital has its own characteristics, namely:

• The legality of the real estate transaction will be closely monitored by the Pension Fund;
• There is an obligation to allocate shares in the apartment;
• The share of children can be sold only with the consent of the guardianship and guardianship authorities.

Real estate purchased with maternity capital will be conditionally encumbered. But the main difference between such transactions and the usual sale or purchase of housing is the participation of the Pension Fund as a party to the contract. It is this body that transfers capital funds for the transaction and, unfortunately, often delays the transfer of the required amount.

Children's education

Maternity capital funds can be used as full or partial payment for the education of children, regardless of the status of the educational institution. That is, in addition to the school familiar to everyone, it can be a lyceum, gymnasium, college, technical school, university and other educational institutions.

As you can see, the state does not restrict parents in choosing an institution for their child's education. But at the same time, in order to spend money on the education of children in a particular institution, it must meet a number of conditions:

• Be located on the territory of the Russian Federation;
• Have state certification and teach according to the standards approved in the country.

A child can study in a state, municipal or private educational institution - his status does not really matter. However, the child must be between 3 and 25 years of age at the start of the course. Otherwise, the Pension Fund has every reason to refuse to issue mat capital.

Please note that maternity capital funds can be used not only for the child for whom the amount was accrued, but also for the education of older children. Capital funds will not be transferred to the bank account of the parents, but to the educational institution where the child is studying on a commercial basis.

Mother's pension

You can invest money from maternity capital, including in the mother's future pension. You can use funds for this purpose, as with others, not only at once in the entire amount, but also in part. But this option is not particularly popular among the population of our country, since so far not many of us understand how exactly the formation of a pension based on capital funds takes place.

There are a number of ways in which funds can be used to fund a future pension:

• Having received an urgent pension payment;
• Having issued a funded pension;
• Subject to perpetual lifetime payments.

In fact, there is nothing difficult in receiving a pension using mat capital. This is especially true for people who want to securely save and even increase their own funds. Moreover, a mother with many children has the right to withdraw money at any time and direct it to other purposes. At the same time, all income received while the funds were in the pension fund will be preserved.

Kindergarten payment

There is at least one more direction how you can use maternity capital - this is paying for a child's preschool education or keeping a child in a kindergarten. At the same time, there are no strict requirements for educational and educational organizations. In any case, mat capital funds can be realized only if the following conditions are met:

• Kindergarten must have a license to carry out preschool educational activities;
• Parents must sign a special written agreement with the institution;
• Only the care, maintenance and supervision of children are paid.

This means that it will not be possible to make a full payment for the kindergarten with capital funds, even with all the desire. A set of measures for care and maintenance in preschool institutions includes education, catering, personal hygiene, as well as servicing the household needs of the child. In other words, you will not be able to spend the certificate on paying for educational work and teacher services.

What not to spend

All the rules for obtaining a maternity capital certificate are clearly specified in the Federal Law No. 256 "On additional measures of state support for families with children." But in addition to the purposes for which this money can be spent, it is worth noting separately those areas that are prohibited by the Pension Fund. These include:

• renovation of existing housing;
• purchase of a car or other vehicle;
• repayment of a consumer loan;
• acquisition of a land plot;
• purchase of household appliances;
• payment for treatment of family members.

That is, by sending an application with a request to issue money for any of these needs, you will absolutely face a refusal from the Pension Fund. However, some enterprising parents stop at nothing in their attempts to cash out the certificate, in order to later use this money for other purposes. But it is important to understand that real criminal liability is threatened for the illegal use of maternity capital funds. The punishment for such a crime is up to 10 years in prison.

Maternity (family) capital program is a form of state support for Russian families with children. This type of state social assistance is provided to Russian citizens from January 1, 2007 at the birth or adoption of a second, third or subsequent child with Russian citizenship, provided that the parents have not previously used the right to additional measures of state social support. The amount of mother's capital in 2016-2019 does not change, the size of the certificate is now is 453026 rubles. Another indexing scheduled for January 1, 2020(approximately by 3.8% - up to 470241 rubles).

Who is eligible for payments

In accordance with current legislation, the following have the right to receive maternity capital:

• woman, having the citizenship of the Russian Federation, starting from January 1, 2007, who gave birth (adopted) a second child or subsequent children;
• the male who has the citizenship of the Russian Federation, is the sole adopter of the second or subsequent children, if the court decision on adoption entered into force on January 1, 2007;
• father (adoptive) a child, regardless of the citizenship of the Russian Federation, in the event of termination of the right to additional measures of state support for a woman who has given birth or adopted children - due to her death, deprivation of parental rights in relation to the child, or the commission of an intentional crime against her children;
• minor child(children in equal shares) or a full-time student until he reaches the age of 23 - upon termination of the right to additional measures of state support for the father (adoptive parent) or the woman who is the only parent.

In confirmation of the right of the family to receive maternity capital funds, the Pension Fund of Russia (PFR) is issued.

The amount of maternity capital

Exact amount payments under the certificate for maternity capital, established for each year, is given in the table below.

Indexation of maternity capital for 2017

In accordance with the data presented in the table above, it is possible to track the change in the size of the certificate for maternity capital by the years of the program, while:

• over the past 10 years (from 2007 to 2017), the amount of mother's capital has increased from 250 to 453 thousand rubles(growth by 81,2% );
• general inflation for the same period relative to the level of consumer prices in 2007, only according to official data, amounted to 139,6% (which corresponds to a general increase in the price of consumer goods by 2.4 times over 10 years).

On the basis of official data, it can be stated that, relative to the nominal value of 2007, at the moment, maternity capital is already depreciated by (139.6 - 81.2) / 139.6 = 41.8%(that is almost half). Accordingly, the purchasing power of the certificate in 2007 prices now corresponds to the sum of all 145.5 thousand rubles against the base size in 250 thousand.

How to get maternity capital for a second child?

Usually this is a cash benefit in the amount of 25, 50, 100 or more thousand rubles, which can be disposed of in the same way as. However, in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the money of regional maternity capital can be used to buy a car, land, or treat a child. In other regions, municipal authorities give out land at the birth of a second or third child.

Regional capital differs from the state capital in size and terms of receipt. In many regions, the subsidy is issued only at the birth of a third child, in addition, there are requirements for family income or residence time in the territory of the subject. The methods of spending can be different, some areas provide the opportunity to buy a car, others allow spending money only on improving living conditions.

The federal program to increase the birth rate has been operating in the country for 10 years. In addition to it, each region has introduced its own measures to support families with children. However, if the state allocates funds strictly at the birth of the second or subsequent children, then the subjects can establish their own rules.

Maternity capital or regional capital is a family support measure implemented by regional authorities, which serves as an addition to a similar state program.

Regional option of maternity capital

The right of the region to issue its own regulations is implemented in different ways: for example, in Dagestan, the amount of payment is established by decree, in the Rostov region - by law, in the Leningrad and Belgorod regions - by the social code. Therefore, the name of the documents will be different.

Creating their own areas of family support, the regions proceed from their financial capabilities, because the incomes of different entities are very different from each other. There are also regions that cannot fully cover their expenses from income, so they are allocated subsidies.

In addition to the amount of the subsidy paid to families, the regional authorities determine the conditions for its provision, the procedure and directions for spending. There are also many differences in this regard. This is especially true for the order of use: in some regions, you can get money when the child reaches the age of one and a half, and not three years.

Regarding the number of children in a family, one can state almost complete unanimity: most regions pay money for a third child, rarely for a second.

Note! In addition to regional maternity capital, there are other measures to support large families in the regions.

What is the difference between regional capital and state capital?

The maternity capital given to families by the state and the region is different. These are two complementary programs that cannot be interchanged:

1. The difference lies in the source of funds and the amount. For the federal family support program, money is allocated from the country's budget, and for the regional program - from the budget of a particular region. The amounts also differ: the state allocates 453,026 rubles, the regions are several times less. Basically, the amount of payment of the subject is no more than 100 thousand rubles.
2. Directions for spending funds. If we talk about family capital allocated by the state, then they are determined by federal law. With regard to regional assistance, such directions are determined by the subjects themselves and can be supplemented or reduced. For example, in some regions, the money received can be spent on gas, electricity, water or sewerage, while in others it can be spent only on improving housing conditions. However, most of the directions are the same.
3. The terms after which the family can dispose of the allocated funds also vary. For the federal materkapital, the period is set at three years, for the regional one it depends on the characteristics of the subject. Basically also three years, but there are exceptions.
4. The conditions for obtaining are also different. A regional subsidy can only be issued to families with a certain level of income or living in its territory for a set amount of time.

Important! Regional family capital, like state capital, is issued to a family only once.

Maternity capital in the regions

The subjects of the Russian Federation also support large families. Within the framework of their powers, the legislature adopts local laws of a social orientation. Regarding regional capital or maternity capital, it can be noted that it is issued almost everywhere. The program does not work, however, other family support measures are applied there.

All benefits assigned by the region have a single basis - the birth of a child in the family. However, the conditions for granting, the amount and procedure for spending will differ. The table selectively provides information on the regional capital assigned in individual subjects of the country.

Table 1. Information on regional maternity capital in individual regions

You can get acquainted with information about regional maternity capital in relation to all subjects of Russia.

Important! Many regions provide financial support to families only at the birth of a third child. In addition, this assistance is conditional, that is, in order to receive funds, certain criteria must be met: family income, registration in the region.

What can regional capital be used for?

Directions for the use of regional subsidies in most subjects coincide. The most popular are the following ways of spending regional benefits:

• Improving the family's living conditions, including the purchase, construction, renovation, payment of the first or subsequent installments, . In the Belgorod region, according to the Social Code, funds can only be spent on housing.
• Acquisition of land for or giving. This method is not available in all regions, but it is possible, for example, in Kalmykia.
• The education of the child, while he can receive education at any level, starting with a music school, ending with a higher educational institution.
• Treatment or rehabilitation of a disabled child, in addition, the funds received can be used to purchase special vehicles or devices.
• The purchase of a car or household appliances that have a long service life. This direction is not available in all regions, for example, in the Leningrad Region, a family can purchase the specified equipment if one of the children is disabled or the number of children is more than five.
• Some regions allow spending the allowance on engineering communications. This includes: gasification, electrification, water supply, sanitation, construction of wells and boreholes. Such conditions are seen in the Rostov region, the Republic of Kalmykia.

Note! Improvement of housing conditions, treatment and education of children is available in almost all subjects. To get more accurate information, you need to refer to the law of the subject.

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Table 2. What can be spent on regional maternity capital (full list of regions).

*The amount of capital is indexed. Please refer to your local laws for the exact amount.

Accepted abbreviations: PP - Government Decree, PA - Administration Decree.

Author: . Higher legal education: North-Western branch of the Russian Academy of Justice (St. Petersburg) Work experience since 2010. Contract law, consulting on taxation and accounting, representation of interests in state bodies, banks, notaries.
June 24, 2017 .