Sometimes situations arise that an organization has a debt to a supplier counterparty. In this case, in payment of the debt, you can provide services to the counterparty or supply goods. The same thing applies to the buyer counterparty. We propose to consider how to correctly formalize the debt offset procedure in the 1C Accounting 3.0 program so that it is displayed correctly in accounting.
Let's look at several options: mutual settlements between counterparties, transfer of debt between counterparties and contracts, and writing off the debt of a creditor or debtor. You can view debts by counterparties in the “Account balance sheet” report. It is located in the “Reports” menu tab, “Standard reports” section.
To generate a report, you must enter the interval for which you want to identify the discrepancy in payment and select the account number. In this case, 62 (settlements between buyers and customers).
Settlement in 1C 8.3 is carried out using the standard document “Debt Adjustment”. You can find it in the “Sales” or “Purchases” menu sections, in both cases in the “Settlements with counterparties” subsection, “Debt Adjustment” item:
Let's consider filling out the document.
Let's look at how, depending on the specified type of operation, the filling of the lower fields will change. Click, the program offers you to choose: offset of advances, offset of debt, transfer of debt, write-off of debt and other adjustments.
We choose the first type - advance payment. In the second field “Credit advance payment” you can select either the buyer or the supplier.
Depending on your choice, indicate in the “On account of debt” field to whom the advance is credited: our organization to the supplier/our organization to a third party or the buyer to our organization/third party to our organization:
The next type of operation is debt offset, which is filled out in the same way as advance payment offset. In the second field we indicate to whom: the buyer or the supplier. In the third we also choose: our organization in front of the supplier/buyer or our organization in front of a third party.
If you select the type of operation “Transfer of debt”, then the “Transfer” field appears active and from the drop-down window we select where: buyer’s debt, buyer’s advances, supplier’s debt, supplier’s advances.
And the last type of operation is “Other adjustments”, here it is possible to perform absolutely any action that concerns mutual settlements. Using this item, you can arrange all four mutual settlements described earlier. To do this, you need to fill in the fields with the necessary data.
We will transfer debt from one counterparty-buyer to another. Fill in the fields:
Type of operation – debt transfer;
Transfer – buyer’s debt;
We skip the number and date, since they are generated automatically after posting the document;
Buyer (debtor) – select the counterparty from whom the debt needs to be transferred;
The new buyer is the counterparty to whom we transfer the debt.
Now click the “Fill” button and select “Fill with mutual settlement balances”:
The tabular part has been filled in based on the entered information. The contract for the counterparty, the settlement document, the amount and the accounting account are displayed.
You need to fill out the line “New contract”, that is, select the contract to which you are transferring the debt, and post the document. Now you need to print out the “Act of Mutual Settlement” using the button in the top panel and submit it for signature.
You can view the transfer of debt in the balance sheet. It went away from one counterparty, and from another it formed:
Now let's see how to write off debt through the same “Debt Adjustment” document. Create a new document and fill in the fields:
Type of operation – select debt write-off;
Write off – buyer’s debt;
Number and date – generated automatically, skip;
Buyer (debtor) – the counterparty from whom the debt will be written off;
In the table section, click “Fill”.
The program will display all documents for which there is any debt. It is necessary to indicate the account into which we will remove the debt. Go to the “Write-off account” tab and enter the account number for writing off the receivables:
If the organization has reserves for doubtful debts, you must select account 63 (reserves for doubtful debts). If such reserves are not formed, write-offs will occur in account 91.02 (other expenses).
At your discretion, you can specify the necessary information in the fields: “Other income and expenses” and “Realizable assets”. We carry it out. Now let’s click on the small button of the “Show transactions and other document movements” panel and see that based on the adjustment document, a transaction has been generated: Dt 91.02 Kt 62.01 – debt write-off.
If the write-off occurs according to several documents, then postings are generated for each document.
You can check the write-off in the account balance sheet.
And also, you can view in the general balance sheet:
To create it, you need to specify the date interval here and check the “By subaccounts” checkbox in the settings. Forming. The report will display information on the accounts: 91.02 - debt has appeared and 62.01 - no debt.
BUKH.1S experts spoke about the procedure for writing off bad debts using reserves, as well as debts not covered by reserves.
Accounts receivable is the sum of all debts owed to the organization by other legal entities and individuals. Accordingly, the organization's debtors are its debtors. Accounts receivable can be considered reliable (for example, if it is secured by a pledge, surety, bank guarantee), doubtful and hopeless (uncollectible).
Bad receivables are an amount that an organization cannot collect from its counterparties due to certain reasons. For profit tax purposes, bad debts (debts that cannot be collected) are considered debts if at least one of the conditions listed in paragraph 2 of Article 266 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation is met:
1. The established limitation period has expired. In general, this period is three years (clause 1 of Article 196 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The limitation period begins to run from the moment when a person learned or should have learned about a violation of his right (Article 200 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The limitation period is interrupted if the debtor commits actions indicating recognition of the debt (Article 203 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). After the break, the limitation period begins to run again, but it cannot exceed ten years (clause 2 of Article 196 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
Thus, accounts receivable may not be recognized as uncollectible for a long time.
2. The debtor’s obligation is terminated due to the impossibility of its fulfillment on the basis of an act of a state body or the liquidation of an organization.
3. There is a resolution of the bailiff on the completion of enforcement proceedings, confirming the impossibility of collecting debts. In this case, the writ of execution must be returned to the claimant on the following grounds:
If there are several grounds for recognizing a receivable as bad (for example, the expiration of the statute of limitations and the liquidation of the debtor organization), then the debt is considered bad in the tax (reporting) period in which the first basis for recognizing the debt as bad took place (letter Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 22, 2011 No. 03-03-06/1/373).
In the Regulations on accounting and reporting in the Russian Federation, approved. By order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations), only receivables with an expired statute of limitations are explicitly named as debts that are unrealistic for collection (clause 77 of the Regulations).
However, in practice, the criteria for recognizing debts as bad, which are named in paragraph 2 of Article 266 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, are also applied for accounting purposes.
Accounts receivable recognized as uncollectible (uncollectible) are written off for each obligation on the basis of inventory, written justification and order (instruction) of the head of the organization (clause 77 of the Regulations). If in the period preceding the reporting period, the amounts of such debts were not reserved in the manner prescribed by clause 70 of the Regulations, then they are attributed to the financial results of a commercial organization or to an increase in expenses of a non-profit organization (clause 77 of the Regulations, letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 14, 2015 No. 07-01-06/188). note that according to the Regulations, since 2011, the formation of a reserve for doubtful debts is the responsibility of the organization.
It should be borne in mind that writing off a debt at a loss due to the insolvency of the debtor does not constitute cancellation of the debt. This debt must be reflected on the balance sheet for five years from the date of write-off in order to monitor the possibility of its collection in the event of a change in the debtor’s property status (paragraph 2 of clause 77 of the Regulations).
The amount of debt written off is recorded in off-balance sheet account 007 “Debt of insolvent debtors written off at a loss.” If the debtor makes payment on a previously written off debt, it should be reflected as part of the organization’s other income (clauses 4, 7 of PBU 9/99 “Organization’s Income”, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 No. 32n).
We remind you that in the balance sheet the balances of account 63 “Provisions for doubtful debts” are not shown, and the amount of receivables for which the reserve is formed is reflected minus the amount of the reserve. At the same time, retained earnings are reduced by the same amount (Chart of accounts for accounting of financial and economic activities of organizations and Instructions for its application, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, clause 35 of PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization”, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 6, 1999 No. 43n). In the statement of financial results, deductions to reserves for doubtful debts are reflected as part of other expenses (clause 11 of PBU 10/99 “Expenses of the organization,” approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 No. 33n). Thus, writing off debts through the reserve does not affect the financial statements.
Amounts of receivables for which the statute of limitations has expired or the collection of which is impossible are considered uncollectible and are written off in full, including VAT (letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 24, 2013 No. 03-03-06/1/29315, dated June 11, 2013 No. 03 -03-06/1/21726).
A taxpayer may create reserves for doubtful debts in the manner established by Article 266 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Please note that only the receivables of the counterparty associated with the sale of goods, performance of work, and provision of services can be recognized as doubtful debt for the purposes of forming reserves in tax accounting. Amounts of deductions to reserves for doubtful debts are included in non-operating expenses on the last day of the reporting (tax) period and, accordingly, reduce the tax base for this period (clause 7, clause 1, article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, clause 3, article 266 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation ).
If the taxpayer has decided to create a reserve for doubtful debts, then the write-off of bad debts is carried out at the expense of the amount of the created reserve (clause 4 of Article 266 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
If such a reserve was not created, or the amounts of bad debts are not covered by the reserve, then they are included in non-operating expenses (clause 2, clause 2, article 265, clause 5, article 266 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
At the same time, debts that are not related to the sale of goods (works, services) can also be recognized as bad debts, for example:
How should a taxpayer write off debts of this type? The Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated June 17, 2014 No. 4580/14 sets out the position according to which a bad debt that arose not in connection with the sale of goods (works, services) cannot participate in the formation of a reserve for doubtful debts (clause 1 of Article 266 Tax Code of the Russian Federation), therefore cannot be written off from the reserve. Such debt can be taken into account as part of non-operating expenses when calculating the income tax base in accordance with subparagraph 2 of paragraph 2 of Article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
The date of recognition of non-operating expenses in tax accounting is established by paragraph 7 of Article 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Bad debts for which the statute of limitations has expired are taken into account on the last day of the reporting period in which the statute of limitations expires (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02/06/2015 No. 03-03-06/1/4995, dated 01/28/2013 No. 03-03-06/1/38).
If the amounts of reserves accrued in accounting and tax accounting differ, then differences arise in the assessment of income and expenses recorded in account 91 “Other income and expenses” and, as a consequence, profits and losses recorded in account 99 “Profits and losses” . In accordance with the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for income tax calculations”, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 No. 114n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 18/02), these differences are permanent. Permanent differences recorded in account 99 are taken into account when calculating income tax for the corresponding period: a permanent tax liability (PNO) or a permanent tax asset (PNA) is recognized.
In the income tax return (approved by order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated October 19, 2016 No. ММВ-7-3/572@), losses from writing off bad debts are reflected in Appendix No. 2 to Sheet 02:
Let's look at how “1C: Accounting 8” (rev. 3.0) reflects transactions to write off bad receivables.
To check the amounts of accounts receivable, as well as compare the reserves for doubtful debts accrued in accounting and tax accounting, we will use the report Subconto analysis(chapter Reports).
In the command panel of this report, you need to set the period for generating the report, and from the presented list of subconto types, select the value Treaties. In the settings panel (button Show settings) on the tab Indicators set the flags BU (accounting data) And NU (tax accounting data).
On the bookmark Selection You can set the selection for a specific agreement with the debtor.
The generated report allows you to analyze accounting and tax accounting data for the selected agreement at the time of expiration of the limitation period with details of the accounts (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Analysis of the subconto under the agreement with the debtor
Before performing an operation to write off a bad debt, it is necessary to draw up an inventory of settlements. The program uses a document for this purpose Inventory act of calculations, accessed via the hyperlink of the same name from the sections Sales And Purchases.
Fill based on accounting data Accounts receivable(Fig. 2) is filled in with the balances of accounts receivable as of the inventory date as follows:
Table 1
|
Field |
Data |
|
"Counterparty" |
Names of debtors |
|
"Settlement account" |
Accounts for which accounts receivable are recorded |
|
Accounts receivable amount |
|
|
"Confirmed" |
The amount for which there is documentary evidence. By default, all debt is considered confirmed |
|
"Not confirmed" |
An amount for which there is no documentary evidence. This field must be filled in manually |
|
“Incl. the statute of limitations has expired" |
The amount of overdue receivables for which the statute of limitations has expired. This field must be filled in manually |
Rice. 2. Inventory act of settlements
Tabular part on the tab Accounts payable filled in the same way as filling out a bookmark Accounts receivable. Under the terms of Example 1, there are no accounts payable.
On the bookmark Settlement accounts displays a list of accounts for settlements with counterparties for which an inventory of settlements is performed.
By default, the following accounts are included in this list:
The user can manage the list of accounts by adding other accounts or disabling accounts suggested by the program.
On the bookmark Carrying out an inventory in the appropriate fields you should indicate the timing of the inventory, details of the basis document, as well as the reason for the inventory of calculations.
On the bookmark Inventory commission you need to fill out the list of committee members by selecting them from the directory Individuals.
The chairman of the commission is indicated using a flag in the field Chairman.
Document Inventory act of calculations does not generate transactions, but allows you to generate the following printed forms of documents (button Seal):
Under the conditions of Example 1, the amount of accrued reserves in accounting and tax accounting differs.
In accounting, there is a bad debt in the amount of RUB 150,000.00. We will write it off completely from the reserve. In tax accounting, only 100,000.00 rubles will be written off from the reserve, and the remaining debt in the amount of 50,000.00 rubles, not covered by the reserve, will be included in non-operating expenses.
To write off a bad debt using reserves, you can use a standard program document Debt adjustment(Fig. 3). This document is available from the section Sales, and from the section Purchases.
Document header Debt adjustment must be filled in by selecting the following values from the proposed lists:
table 2
The document is filled in automatically using the button Fill ->Fill in balances for mutual settlements based on accounting data. Tabular part on the tab Buyer's debt (accounts receivable) is filled in with the balances of mutual settlements as of the adjustment date as follows:
Table 3
|
Field |
Data |
|
"Settlement amount" |
Total amount of debt (RUB 150,000.00) |
|
The amount of debt write-off in accounting. By default, this amount corresponds to the total amount owed |
|
|
"Amount NU" |
The amount of debt write-off in tax accounting. By default, this amount also corresponds to the total amount owed. Since this document will write off the debt from the reserve, it is necessary to manually correct the amount in the “Amount NU” field (RUB 100,000.00) |
|
"Account" |
Account on which the debt arose (62.01) |
On the bookmark Write-off account you need to indicate the account where the doubtful receivables will be allocated (63 “Provisions for doubtful debts”), as well as the details of the agreement with the counterparty and the settlement document on which the doubtful receivables were generated (see Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Write-off of bad receivables using reserves
After posting the document, an accounting entry will be generated:
Debit 63 Credit 62.01 - for the amount of debt written off at the expense of the reserve created in accounting (RUB 150,000.00).
For tax accounting purposes for income tax, amounts are entered into special resources of the accounting register:
Amount NU Dt 63 and Amount NU Kt 62.01 - for the amount of debt written off at the expense of the reserve formed in tax accounting (RUB 100,000.00). Amount PR Dt 63 and Amount PR Kt 62.01 - for a constant difference, the value of which is RUB 50,000.00.
For income tax purposes, the remaining portion of the bad debt is written off as non-operating expenses using the document Operation(chapter Operations-> Accounting-> Manual entries). In the document form, to create a new transaction, click the button Add and enter the amounts into special resources of the accounting register (in this field Sum must remain empty):
Amount NU Dt 91.02 and Amount NU Kt 62.01 - for the amount of written off debt not covered by the reserve (RUB 50,000.00). Amount PR Dt 91.02 and Amount PR Kt 62.01 - for a negative constant difference (-50,000.00 rub.). When performing the routine operation Calculation of income tax for March, which is included in the Closing of the month processing, this permanent difference leads to the recognition of a permanent tax asset in the amount of RUB 10,000.00.
Please note that in order to correctly fill out the income tax return, it is important to correctly select the item of other income and expenses - Write-off of receivables (payables). Then, when automatically filling out the income tax return for the first quarter of 2017, losses from writing off bad debts in the amount of RUB 50,000.00. will be reflected on line 302 of Appendix No. 2 to Sheet 02, as well as in the total amount on line 300 of Appendix No. 2 to Sheet 02.
To make sure that bad debts are written off in accounting and tax accounting, you can generate a balance sheet for account 62 for March 2017, having previously made the appropriate settings on the Indicators tab. The balance sheet generated under account 63 for March 2017 will show the absence of reserves for doubtful debts.
To account for written-off debt in order to monitor the possibility of its collection (in accordance with paragraph 2 of clause 77 of the Regulations), we will also use the document Operation.
In the document form, to create a new transaction, you need to click the button Add and enter an entry for the amount of RUB 150,000.00. on the debit of off-balance sheet account 007 indicating the corresponding analytics (sub-account Counterparties And Treaties).
Let's add the condition of Example 1 and see how the 1C: Accounting 8 program, edition 3.0, reflects the repayment by the buyer of a debt that was legally written off earlier as bad.
To register the repayment of debt by the buyer, you need to create a document Receipt to the current account with type of operation Payment from the buyer. It is convenient to create a document based on a document Sales (deed, invoice), then the basic details will be filled in automatically. Since the debt has already been written off in the accounting system, the funds received from the buyer are automatically determined as an advance payment. After posting the document, an accounting entry will be generated:
Debit 51 Credit 62.02 - for the amount of funds received from the buyer (RUB 150,000.00).
For tax accounting purposes for income tax, the amount is recorded in the resource Amount NU Kt 62.02.
The amount of repaid debt must be included in the organization’s other income, and also written off from off-balance sheet account 007. These transactions can be reflected in one document Operation(see Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Including repaid debt in income
Sometimes situations arise that an organization has a debt to a supplier counterparty. In this case, in payment of the debt, you can provide services to the counterparty or supply goods. The same thing applies to the buyer counterparty. We propose to consider how to correctly formalize the debt offset procedure in program 3.0 so that it is displayed correctly in accounting.
Let's look at several options: mutual settlements between counterparties, transfer of debt between counterparties and contracts, and writing off the debt of a creditor or debtor. You can view debts by counterparties in the “Account balance sheet” report. It is located in the “Reports” menu tab, “Standard reports” section.
To generate a report, you must enter the interval for which you want to identify the discrepancy in payment and select the account number. In this case, 62 (settlements between buyers and customers).
Settlement in 1C 8.3 is carried out using the standard document “Debt Adjustment”. You can find it in the “Sales” or “Purchases” menu sections, in both cases in the “Settlements with counterparties” subsection, “Debt Adjustment” item:
Let's consider filling out the document.
Let's look at how, depending on the specified type of operation, the filling of the lower fields will change. Click, the program offers you to choose: offset of advances, offset of debt, transfer of debt, write-off of debt and other adjustments.
We choose the first type - advance payment. In the second field “Credit advance payment” you can select either the buyer or the supplier.
Depending on your choice, indicate in the “On account of debt” field to whom the advance is credited: our organization to the supplier/our organization to a third party or the buyer to our organization/third party to our organization:
The next type of operation is debt offset, which is filled out in the same way as advance payment offset. In the second field we indicate to whom: the buyer or the supplier. In the third we also choose: our organization in front of the supplier/buyer or our organization in front of a third party.
If you select the type of operation “Transfer of debt”, then the “Transfer” field appears active and from the drop-down window we select where: buyer’s debt, buyer’s advances, supplier’s debt, supplier’s advances.
And the last type of operation is “Other adjustments”, here it is possible to perform absolutely any action that concerns mutual settlements. Using this item, you can arrange all four mutual settlements described earlier. To do this, you need to fill in the fields with the necessary data.
We will transfer debt from one counterparty-buyer to another. Fill in the fields:
Type of operation – debt transfer;
Transfer – buyer’s debt;
We skip the number and date, since they are generated automatically after posting the document;
Buyer (debtor) – select the counterparty from whom the debt needs to be transferred;
The new buyer is the counterparty to whom we transfer the debt.
Now click the “Fill” button and select “Fill with mutual settlement balances”:
The tabular part has been filled in based on the entered information. The contract for the counterparty, the settlement document, the amount and the accounting account are displayed.
You need to fill out the line “New contract”, that is, select the contract to which you are transferring the debt, and post the document. Now you need to print out the “Act of Mutual Settlement” using the button in the top panel and submit it for signature.
You can view the transfer of debt in the balance sheet. It went away from one counterparty, and from another it formed:
Now let's see how to write off debt through the same “Debt Adjustment” document. Create a new document and fill in the fields:
Type of operation – select debt write-off;
Write off – buyer’s debt;
Number and date – generated automatically, skip;
Buyer (debtor) – the counterparty from whom the debt will be written off;
In the table section, click “Fill”.
The program will display all documents for which there is any debt. It is necessary to indicate the account into which we will remove the debt. Go to the “Write-off account” tab and enter the account number for writing off the receivables:
If the organization has reserves for doubtful debts, you must select account 63 (reserves for doubtful debts). If such reserves are not formed, write-offs will occur in account 91.02 (other expenses).
At your discretion, you can specify the necessary information in the fields: “Other income and expenses” and “Realizable assets”. We carry it out. Now let’s click on the small button of the “Show transactions and other document movements” panel and see that based on the adjustment document, a transaction has been generated: Dt 91.02 Kt 62.01 – debt write-off.
If the write-off occurs according to several documents, then postings are generated for each document.
You can check the write-off in the account balance sheet.
And also, you can view in the general balance sheet:
To create it, you need to specify the date interval here and check the “By subaccounts” checkbox in the settings. Forming. The report will display information on the accounts: 91.02 - debt has appeared and 62.01 - no debt.
In this article I want to talk about the document “Debt Adjustment” and working with it in the 1C: Enterprise Accounting 8 program. First of all, we will consider situations in which it is advisable to use it, and also talk about how to do it correctly. I hope that the article will help you understand the nuances of adjusting mutual settlements with counterparties in 1C and will reduce the number of manual operations in your databases.
The document is located in the tabs Sales/Purchases - Settlements with counterparties - Debt adjustment.
It is intended for adjusting settlements with counterparties, i.e. if, when creating the SALT for 60, 62 or 76 accounts, we see an incorrect balance, advances not offset by mistake, overdue debt, then we do NOT create a document “Operation entered manually” (about , why this document should be used as little as possible, we described in detail in the article Manual entries - why 8 “doesn’t like them”, and the document “Debt Adjustment”.
Let's look at some situations in more detail:
1) When posting a document, the wrong contract was selected
It often happens that when downloading a bank statement, generating sales or receipts, the program automatically inserts the “Main Agreement”. If the contract is not chosen correctly, then in the SALT you can see the following picture:
When the period is closed, or it is not possible to change the contract and re-post the documents, you must use the “Debt Adjustment” document.
We select the type of operation “Offset of advances”, offset the advance – “Supplier”, against the debt – “Our organization to the supplier”. If confusion with contracts occurred on account 62, then, accordingly, we choose to offset the advance payment - “Buyer”, against the debt - “Buyer to our organization”
Next, we move on to filling out the tabular part. You can use the “Fill in mutual settlement balances” button on both tabs (advances to the supplier/debt to the supplier) or the “Fill in” button located on the top panel of the document. After automatic filling, you need to check the amounts and accounting accounts. If it is necessary to offset part of the amount, we adjust the information on the appropriate tabs manually. After this we get transactions of the form:
2) Sales to one counterparty, and payment from another
Some companies split up their businesses to carry out business activities. Some find it convenient for each founder to have their own LLC or individual entrepreneur, while others separate wholesale/retail and types of services provided. Therefore, there are often situations when the shipment occurred to one counterparty, and payment came from another, for example, the account was blocked, there was not enough money, etc. Then in the SALT for invoice 62 you can see the following:
In this case, it is also worth using the “Debt Adjustment” document. Operation type “Other adjustments”.
The debtor is our debtor, the counterparty to whom the goods were shipped or services were provided.
Creditor - the counterparty who made the payment.
To fill out the tabular part, use the “Fill” button and, if necessary, adjust the amounts (if the amount for one type of debt is less than for another, for example, there was a partial payment, then indicate a lower value on each tab).
After the transaction, we will receive the following movements on the accounts:
Sometimes it can be very difficult to select the correct type of transaction in the Debt Adjustment document, but please remember that if a netting is required between two counterparties, e.g.
- payment for sales to one went towards the receipt of goods from another,
- we paid to one counterparty, and the receipt of goods and services came from another,
then in such situations we select the type of operation “Other adjustments” and carefully indicate the debtor and creditor.
3) Debt write-off
Before closing the year, most accountants analyze settlement accounts with counterparties and periodically notice overdue debts. To write off bad debts, we will also use the “Debt Adjustment” document. For example, an overdue debt from a buyer was discovered on account 62.01.
We create a document with the type of operation “Write-off of debt”, write off – “Buyer’s debt”, on the buyer’s debt tab we use the button “Fill in mutual settlement balances”, and on the “Write-off account” tab we indicate 91.02 and select subaccount.
After posting the document, the balances on the 62nd account will be closed:
The type of transaction “Write-off of debt” can also be used to write off advances from the buyer, debt and advances to the supplier.
In this article, we examined only some cases of using the “Debt Adjustment” document; we will be happy to answer any questions that arise in the comments.
Regularly generated accounts payable and receivable are typical for any normally functioning enterprise, but exceeding safe acceptable limits can threaten the enterprise with collapse or at least financial instability. In this regard, the need for debt correction arises between partners every year.
Ideally, debt adjustment is the return of debts, for accounts payable - its closure, and for debtors - payment for issued invoices or reconciliation reports.
It is almost impossible to imagine economic activity without debt. The volume and nature of debt obligations subject to adjustment can be determined during the preparation of balance sheets. When working on them, it is clearly visible, which allows you to determine in which option the debt adjustment will be carried out. In this case, the intermediate balance indicator can be both positive and negative.
You also need to study the following documents:
Automation of accounting activities significantly simplifies adjustment work on debts. The majority of enterprises use 1C programs; it is in relation to them that the bulk of advice, consultation and algorithms for conducting operations are given.
Untimely adjustment of debt can lead not only to the formation of huge volumes of receivables, but, what is more dangerous for the enterprise, accounts payable, incorrect calculation of taxes and other consequences that can lead to the death of the organization.
A prerequisite for completing the procedure is the consent of the parties, since the process often involves netting or writing off debts.
Debt adjustment can be carried out in two options: offset and write-off.
Offsetting can also be divided into two options for posting it:
In the program, the need for adjustments arises in situations where there are discrepancies or discrepancies between the data of buyers and suppliers:
In practice, mutual settlement is formalized by the document of the same name “Debt Netting”. The accountant, in accordance with this document, makes the necessary entries.
It is noteworthy that netting can be carried out not only between two, but also three parties. The program also provides for this point. It is impossible to carry out offset operations if the amounts are different. In this case, you must first adjust the amounts.
The essence of offset is that debts incurred between partner enterprises are mutually repaid under existing agreements within the limits of the amounts indicated in them. In the future, write-off may be applied to debt balances, again by mutual agreement. These accounting entries must be confirmed by the relevant acts of offset or a document confirming the write-off.
Settlement can be carried out between two or three parties.
Another possible option is the transfer of receivables, when the transferred amounts of advances are taken into account when concluding new contracts. Thus, for the amount of the advance, the company can ship part of the goods or carry out work, which, in essence, eliminates receivables.
Write-off of debts is allowed if there are a number of grounds:
This option of getting rid of debts is preceded by an inventory procedure, both creditor debts and debtors' debts. How is debt inventory carried out? Writing off accounts receivable requires the presence of an accounting statement drawn up as the accountant makes the relevant entries.
Write-off of overdue accounts payable is carried out by order of the manager through other expenses, indicating in the column about the content of the operation exactly “write-off of accounts payable”. You can read how to do this in a separate article.
Write-off of overdue accounts payable is carried out by order of the manager.
Today, debt adjustment is not a simple accounting operation, but a document created in software, in particular the 1C program. For novice accountants, creating and filling it out has a number of difficulties.
This document is located within the program in the purchase or sales menu. Here is an example algorithm for working with this program document:
Debts can be written off through items of other expenses and income or through reserves for doubtful debts.
Watch a short video about netting in 1C Accounting 8th edition. 3.0:
By means of an adjustment document, the transfer of debts and a number of other equally significant operations are carried out.
Transfer of debts is necessary when registering debts from one counterparty to another partner. When maintaining information databases and analysis, it is necessary to indicate the details of the documents used to transfer data.
So, you should initially select the category of counterparty: supplier or buyer, whose debts are to be transferred. Next, indicate the details of the counterparty to whose account the debt is transferred.
Then you must specify:
Transferring between contracts is also allowed; in this case, in the fields of the recipient and the counterparty, the details of one counterparty should be indicated, but the contract numbers are indicated differently.
